礼文备录中的范文

礼文备录中的范文

高考真题中的写作范文 篇1

许多同学参加英语考试,最头疼的就是作文｡没有了汉英词典,又怎么也想不出该用什么词汇和句型｡高考的时候就更是急煞人｡其实,考场上就有现成的范文,而且不只一篇｡你甚至可以光明正大地看这篇范文,而不会被当作作弊,因为这范文就是阅读理解里的文章｡那这些特殊的范文又该怎么来用呢?下面我们将结合2005年全国卷II的书面表达真题,一起从词汇､句型､语法､文章结构几个方面来“copy”真题｡

附:2005年全国卷II的书面表达真题

假设你是李华,最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区｡以下是你所在班级讨论的情况｡请你给该报写一封信,反映讨论结果｡

√ 赞成迁出

1. 游客多,交通堵塞

2. 郊区环境好

× 反对迁出

1. 建于1906年,中外闻名

2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡

(此题的详细评析可见孙利民载于本刊2006年1-2月合刊的《2005年高考英语“书面表达题”评析》)

◆词汇

一篇文章的好坏,在很大程度上取决于词汇的丰富与否｡表达是否多样往往决定着你的得分｡大多数同学都苦于词汇贫乏､词不达意｡比如:“增加/减少”这对概念,很多同学冥思苦想之后,仍不能脱离“increase / decrease”这两个词｡其实,如果在阅读时用心积累就会发现,这样的表达俯拾皆是,尤其是在高考阅读的真题中｡例如:this figure shoots up(2001年全国卷)/ a huge drop in the number(2002年春季卷)｡再比如,很多同学在表达某种状态持续的时候,从来都是不假思索地写出“be still....”,但如果在阅读时多留心,就会发现有“remain”､“keep”这种看上去很简单,但却很“出彩”的词｡类似的例子还很多,下面就试以连词和动词为例,看如何利用阅读理解的真题应战2005年的书面表达题｡

连词

没有线,再好的珍珠也连不起来｡很多同学的作文不够流畅,很大程度上就是因为缺少必要的连词｡殊不知在阅读真题的语篇中充满了各种各样的连词,比如表示转折的:however､yet､though､unfortunately､instead of;表示因果的:as a result､ therefore､hence､thus;表示并列的:together with､meanwhile､at the same time等等｡

(该部分的扩展阅读可见朱葵载于本刊2006年3月号的《巧用“过渡”攻克写作》)

动词

动词是语言学习中的重点和难点｡如何精确把握动词,写出“The Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, enjoys a history of 100 years.”这样优美的句子呢?看看下面的仿写就知道了｡

1) 原句:A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. (NMET 2001)

Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. (NMET 2002)

仿写:A growing number of visitors to the zoo have contributed to the heavy traffic jams.

2) 原句:The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. (NMET 1996)

仿写:The zoo itself develops until it cannot manage without move.

◆句型

俗话说,“文似看山不喜平”,句式的多样性能给自己带来一个有竞争力的分数｡有一些固定的句式,如:it 引导的强调句､双重否定､插入结构等,可以用在许多陈述句上面｡如果作文中错落有致地出现几个特殊句型,文章马上就会上一个档次,高分也就近在咫尺了｡

It引导的强调句

It引导的强调句,强调一个句子中的主语､宾语和状语等多种成分｡下面我们就结合出现在历年高考阅读真题中的强调句来造句:

1) 强调主语

原句:It is social conditions that make people tell lies. (NMET 1998)

仿写:It is the zoo that should be moved out of the city.

2) 强调时间

原句:It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. (NMET 2002)

仿写:It was in the year of 1906 that the zoo opened.

3) 强调地点

原句:It was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. (NMET 2002)

仿写:It is at home and abroad that the zoo, built in 1906, is well-known.

(该部分的扩展阅读可见赵敏载于本刊2006年1-2月合刊的《强调在英语写作中的运用》)

双重否定

双重否定是一种“负负得正”的常见句型,以否定的形式加否定的词语来表示肯定,从而引起读者注意,增强表达效果,一起来看下面的句子｡

1) 原句:John and Jim are not unusual people. (NMET 1998)

仿写:Moving to a better place is not an unusual way of development.

2) 原句:Decision-thinking is not unlike poker. (NMET 2000)

仿写:The Beijing Zoo is not unlike other parks that could hardly stand the increasing number of visitors.

3) 原句:It wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble. (NMET 2001)

改写:It wasn't unusual to hear a man back from the zoo complain about the traffic jams on his way there.

平时不妨通过阅读积累这样的模版句,写作时直接套用就可达到锦上添花的效果｡

◆语法

通过阅读掌握的语法是在具体语篇中的语法,是鲜活生动的语法,是可以有效借鉴到写作环节中的语法｡如虚拟语气,一旦灵活运用到写作当中,就会起到非常好的表达效果｡在2001年全国卷阅读理解真题的文章中,曾经有这样一句:If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German. 实质上无非说的是:“这种情况没有持续,今日的英语已经和德语相差很远了｡”我们如果通过阅读掌握了这个句子背后的语言点——虚拟语气,不妨用于书面表达中,仿写如下:

1) If the zoo had originally been built outside of the city, it would be far less famous.

如果当初动物园就建在城外的话,它也不会这么有名气了｡

2) If the situation had lasted, the school would be a less interesting place.

如果(减负之前的)情况持续的话,我们现在的学习生活也不会这么有趣｡(可用于NMET 2001)｡

3) If Ah Fu had not saved her life, I would have lost my little sister forever.

如果不是阿福救了她,我就会失去我的妹妹｡(可用于NMET 2002)

类似的例子还很多,只要同学们有意识地进行积累,就可以通过简单的例子来掌握复杂的语法现象,并用到写作中来｡

◆结构

英语是一门对逻辑要求很严的语言,而逻辑在语言上的体现就是结构和顺序｡例如平行结构是英语中很常见的一种结构套路,两根主线平行发展,就像俗语说的“花开两朵,各表一枝”｡2001年高考全国卷阅读理解的E篇是一篇关于男女友谊的文章,大量使用了平行结构,其中有一段涉及到对比､对照的段落如下:

"In general," writes Rubin in her new book, "women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities". For the most part, Rubin says, interactions between men are emotionally controlled — a good fit with the social requirements of "manly behavior."

如果我们加以模仿和改写,2005年的这篇书面表达就可以这样来写:

In general, the advantages of the move to the suburb rest on a more agreeable environment, but the weak points are marked by probably animal death during the very project. For the most part, to keep the zoo still in its present location is emotionally welcomed — a good fit with the social requirements of "a zoo with a long history in our city."

套用经典教材New Concept English前言中的一句话“Nothing should be written before it has been read”｡在学习写作的初级阶段,仿写就好比书法中的描红,将会是一个行之有效的练习方法｡因此,一定要在阅读,尤其是精读历年高考真题的过程中有意识地积累,多读､多写､多模仿｡让这种方法不仅仅只是在考场上拿来应急的法宝,而更应是一种培养写作能力､让自己写作更出色的好办法!