英文诗歌比较（精选8篇）
英文诗歌比较 篇1
一、THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FAILURE
Robert H.Schuller
Failure doesn t mean you are a failure，It does mean you haven t succeeded yet.Failure doesn t mean you have accomplished nothing，It does mean you have learned something.Failure doesn t mean you have been a fool，It does mean you had a lot of faith.Failure doesn t mean you ve been disgraced，It does mean you were willing to try.Failure doesn t mean you don t have it，It does mean you have to do something in a different way.Failure doesn t mean you are inferior，It does mean you are not perfect.Failure doesn t mean you ve wasted your life，It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.Failure doesn t mean you should give up，It does mean you must try harder.Failure doesn t mean you ll never make it，It does mean it will take a little longer.Failure doesn t mean God has abandoned you，It does mean God has a better idea.失败的意义
罗伯特·H·舒勒陈采霞译
失败并不代表你是个失败者，它只表明你尚未成功。
失败并不代表你一无所获，它只表明你吸取了一次教训。
失败并不代表你很愚蠢，它只表明你信心百倍。
失败并不代表你无脸见人，它只表明你百折不回。
失败并不代表你工夫白费，它只表明你的做事方法尚待改进。
失败并不代表你低人一等。
它只表明你并非完人。
失败并不代表你浪费生命，它只表明你有理由重新开始。
失败并不代表你应该放弃，它只表明你要加倍努力。
失败并不代表成功永不属于你，它只表明你要付出更多的时间。
失败并不代表上帝已经抛弃你，它只表明上帝还有更好的主意。
二、FOLLOW YOUR OWN COURSE Neil Simon
Don t listen to those who say, “It s not done that way.”
Maybe it s not, but maybe you will.Don t listen to those who say, “You re taking too big a chance.”
Michelangelo would have painted the Sistine Floor, and it would surely be rubbed out by today.Most importantly, don t listen When the little voice of fear inside of you rear its ugly head and says, “They re all smarter than you out there.They re more talented, They re taller, blonder, prettier, luckier and have connections...” I firmly believe that if you follow a path that interests you, Not to the exclusion of love, sensitivity, and cooperation with others, But with the strength of conviction That you can move others by your own efforts, And do not make success or failure the criteria by which you live, The chances are you ll be a person worthy of your own respect.走自己的路
尼尔·西蒙陈采霞译
别听那些人的话，“这事不能那么做。”
也许是不能那么做，可是也许你就会那么做。别听那些人的话，“你这个险冒得太大了。”
米开朗琪罗可能在西斯廷教堂的地板上作过画，到今天肯定已经被抹掉了。最重要的是，当你心中恐惧的声音，抬起它丑陋的头说，“那边那些人都比你聪明，他们更有才华，他们更高大、皮肤更白、更漂亮、更幸运，并且认识各种各样的人„”
你可千万别理会。
我坚信只要选择一条你感兴趣的路，不排除爱情、敏锐以及与别人的合作，而是坚定地认为，通过你自身的努力能够感动他人，不把成功或者失败作为你生活的标准，那么你就可能成为值得自己敬佩的人。
三、FAITH
Napolean Hill
Faith is the “eternal elixir”
Which gives life, power, and action to the impulse of thought!
Faith is the starting point of all accumulation of riches!
Faith is the basis of all “miracles”，And all mysteries which cannot be analyzed by the rules of science!
Faith is the only known antidote for failure!
Faith is the element, the “chemical” which，When mixed with prayer, gives one direct communication with Infinite Intelligence.Faith is the element which transforms the ordinary vibration of thought, created by the finite mind of man, into the spiritual equivalent.Faith is the only agency through which
the cosmic force of Infinite
Intelligence can be harnessed and used by man.信念
拿破仑·希尔陈采霞译
信念是“永恒的万应灵药”，它赋予突发奇想以生命、力量和行动！
信念是所有财富积累的起点！
信念是一切“奇迹”
以及所有科学法则无法分析的奥秘的根基！
信念是惟一已知失败之解药！
信念是重要元素、“化学物质”，一旦与祈祷结合便会使你与上帝直接沟通。
人类的智慧固然有限，普通的灵感闪现一经信念指点，便会转换成精神震撼。
信念是惟一的中介，通过它
上帝的宇宙力会成为人类开发和利用的资源。
四、ON CHANGES Irene Dunlap
Change is the only absolute in the world, the only thing that you can depend on.Nothing stays the same.Tomorrow will come, bringing with it new beginnings and sometimes unexpected endings.You can hold on to the past and get left in the dust;or, you can choose to jump on the ride of life and live a new adventure with perseverance and an open mind.论变化
艾琳·邓莱普陈采霞译
变化是世界上 惟一绝对的东西，是惟一
你能相信的事情。没有什么能一成不变，明天将来临，它会带来
新的开始，并且有时
还会带来意想不到的结局。你可以抓住过去，蒙受遗弃；
或者，你可以选择 跃上生命之车
进行一次新的冒险，凭借坚持不懈 和广阔的胸怀。
五、RESULTS AND ROSES Edgar Albert Guest
The man who wants a garden fair, Or small or very big, With flowers growing here and there, Must bend his back and dig.The things are mighty few on earth, That wishes can attain, Whatever we want of any worth, We ve got to work to gain.It matters not what goal you seek, Its secret here reposes: You ve got to dig from week to week, To get results or roses.硕果和玫瑰
埃德加·阿尔贝特·格斯特陈采霞译
要想有个美丽花园，面积大小姑且不管，只要园中长满鲜花，就必须把汗水挥洒。
有愿望就能实现，这样的事还真是少见，只要想要的东西有价值，就得靠努力去创造。
目标是什么并不重要，秘诀终归只有一条： 周复一周不怕劳累，才能收获硕果或者玫瑰。
六、THE VALUE OF TIME Katharine Sun
To realize the value of one year: Ask a student who has failed a final exam.To realize the value of one month: Ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby.To realize the value of one week: Ask an editor of a weekly newspaper.To realize the value of one hour: Ask the lovers who are waiting to meet.To realize the value of one minute: Ask a person who has missed the train, bus or plane.To realize the value of one second: Ask a person who has survived an accident.To realaize the value of one millisecond: Ask the person who has won a silver medal in the Olympics.Time waits for no one.Treasure every moment you have.时间的价值
凯瑟琳·桑陈采霞译
要想知道一年的价值，那就去问期末考试不及格的学生。要想知道一个月的价值，那就去问生了早产儿的母亲。要想知道一周的价值，那就去问周报的编辑。要想知道一小时的价值，那就去问等待见面的恋人。要想知道一分钟的价值，那就去问误了火车、汽车或者飞机的人。要想知道一秒钟的价值，那就去问大难不死的人。要想知道一毫秒的价值，那就去问奥运会获得银牌的人。时间不等人，你拥有的每一刻都要珍惜。
七、TODAY IS A NEW DAY Donna Levine
Your tomorrows are as bright as you want to make them.There is no reason to carry
the darkness of the past with you into today.Today is a wonderful new experience，full of every possibility to make your life exactly what you want it to be.Today is the beginning of new happiness, new directions and new relationships.Today is the day to remind yourself that you posses the power and strength you need to bring contentment, love and joy into your life.Today is the day to understand yourself and to give yourself the love and the patience that you need.Today is the day to move forward towards your bright tomorrow.今天是新的一天 唐那·莱文陈采霞译
你的明天充满阳光，如你心中所想。你没有理由，把昨天的黑暗，带到今天。
今天是美妙的全新体验，有那么多种可能，使你的生活如你所愿。今天开始有新的幸福，新的方向和新的伙伴。今天你要提醒自己，你有足够的能力和力量，把满意、爱情和欢乐带进你的生活。今天你要了解自己，给自己足够的爱心和耐心。今天你会勇往直前，奔向那灿烂的明天。
八、DREAMS Langston Hughes
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die Life is a broken winged bird That cannot fly.Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow.梦想
兰斯顿·休斯陈采霞译
紧紧抓住梦想，因为一旦梦想消亡，生活就象折断翅膀的小鸟，无法自由翱翔。
紧紧抓住梦想，因为一旦梦想离开，生活就会变成贫瘠荒芜的土地，只有冰雪覆盖。
九、THE ROAD NOT TAKEN Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same，And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.没有走过的路
罗伯特·弗罗斯特陈采霞译
金色的树林路分两条，遗憾不能两条都到。孤独的我长久竖立，极日眺望其中一条，直到它在灌丛中淹没掉。
然后我公平地选择了另外一条，或许理由更加充分，因为它草深需要有人上去走走。说到有多少人从上面走过
两条路磨损得还真是差不多。
而且那天早晨两条路都静静地躺着，覆盖在上面的树叶都没有被踩黑，噢，我把第一条路留给了下一次！但我知道前方的路变幻莫测，我怀疑我是否应该回来„„
多年以后在某个地方，我将叹息着讲述这件事： 树林里路分两条，而我—— 选择了行人较少的那条，就这样一切便发生了改变。
十、WHAT IS SUCCESS Ralph Waldo Emerson
What is success? To laugh often and love much;To win the respect of intelligent people And the affection of children;To earn the approbation of honest critics
And endure the betrayal of false friends;To appreciate beauty;To find the best in others;To give one s self;To leave the world a little better, Whether by a healthy child, A garden patch, Or a redeemed social condition;To have played and laughed with enthusiasm And sung with exultation;To know even one life has breathed easier，Because you have lived...This is to have succeeded.成功的内涵
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生陈采霞译
成功是什么？
笑口常开，爱心永在，赢得智者的尊重，孩子们的爱戴； 博得真诚的认可，容忍损友的背叛； 欣赏美好的东西，发现别人的可爱。学会无私地奉献，给世界增添光彩：
要么培育出健康的孩子，要么留下花园一块，亦或是改善社会条件； 尽情娱乐、笑得畅快，把欢乐的歌唱起来；
甚至知道一个生命活得自在，因为你的一路走来„„ 这就是成功的内涵。
英文诗歌比较 篇2
语言文字是传统诗歌的表达手段,而视觉诗打破了传统诗歌的书写规则,利用字母的大小写、空格、标点符号等文字安排产生视觉效果,或是结合语言所表达的意义,利用诗行或诗节组成图形,带给读者以强烈的视觉刺激,进而表达诗意。其文字的组合方式以及由这种组合方式所构成的图像是诗意表达和理解的关键。
视觉诗自诞生之日起就一直颇受争议,但国内外学者对它的研究热情却持续不减。视觉诗的研究从单纯的文学评论、文体学及修辞学转向运用语言学的相关理论,对视觉诗歌进行多维度的探讨。如运用利奇的变异理论,阐释作品中的各种变异形式;从语篇角度,探讨视觉诗的衔接与连贯;运用认知语言学中的理论,探究其诗学效果的内在机制。传统的分析模式忽视了构成视觉诗的其他符号系统的分析。九十年代兴起的多模态话语分析打破了单一言语信息的框框,分析两种或两种以上模态的语篇和模态之间如何构建意义,把言语信息和非言语信息交际纳入分析框架。本文将视觉诗的研究置于多模态话语分析框架下,探讨图像符号在诗歌解读中的三大意义,即再现意义、互动意义和构图意义。
二、视觉诗的多模态性
语言是意义的重要载体,但意义的展现并非只靠语言来传递,多种媒体如图像、声音、色彩等符号都可以表达意义。随着新媒介的出现,不同的媒介在意义的展现中发挥着重要作用。这些传递符号的物质手段应用到社会交际中,就形成了一套具有特定语法系统的表意手段 --- 模态。所谓多模态,是指由两种及以上符号编码实现意义的文本 (李战子2003)。
模态在合适的语境中表达意义,和其他模态来共同配合完成交际任务,对语篇的意义构建做出贡献。随着互联网和信息技术的高度发展,意义建构的多模态化无处不在。为了使交流更加顺畅,人们会借助多种模态来交换信息和处理各种关系;多媒体教学成为了学校教育的主流。在语篇分析领域,多模态语篇引起了越来越多学者们的关注,多模态话语分析理论由此诞生。
多模态话语是指运用各种感官,通过语言、动作、图像、声音等多种手段和符号资源进行交际的现象。多模态话语分析是建立在Halliday的社会符号学理论基础上的一个崭新的话语分析形式。它接受了系统功能语言学的语言观,认为语言是社会符号和意义潜势,语言以外的其他符号系统也是意义的源泉;多模态话语具有系统性; 多模态话语具有概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能; 语境因素和多模态话语的意义解读之间有着密不可分的联系。多模态话语分析的意义在于它可以将语言和其他相关的意义资源整合起来,通过分析看到语言系统在意义交换过程中所发挥的作用,以及其他符号系统在这个过程中所产生的效果,从而使话语意义的解读更加全面、更加准确 (朱永生2007)。
按照朱永生提出的多模态话语识别的判断标准,视觉诗涉及视觉模态中的两个符号系统,即语言文字与图像,属于多模态语篇。视觉诗的视觉模态即该视觉诗的“诗形”信息或“印刷体式”的信息。它是透过排列组合文字与符号(包括标点符号),在版面上吸引眼睛造成特殊视觉效果,来强化或辅佐意义。
三、视觉模态的意义
Kress & Van Leeuwen (1996) 认为图像不是语言文字的插图或示例,而是独立于语言文字之外的社会符号系统。他们根据系统功能语言学理论,分析组成视觉模态的图像元素,进而凸显图像等符号在构建语篇时的作用;并借用韩礼德的三大元语言功能,分别从再现意义、互动意义、构图意义三个层面来分析视觉符号的语义关系。
1.再现意义。再现意义对应概念功能,包括叙事再现和概念再现。再现意义主要探讨的是不同图像之间或同一图像中不同成分之间存在的概念关系。下面以William ShellyBurford的A Christmas Tree为例,分析印刷体式诗歌所呈现的叙事意义。
Star
If you are
A love compassionate.
You will walk with us this year.
We face a glacial distance,who are here
Huddld
At your feet.
根据诗中文字所构成的图像,我们可以看到诗形与诗作内容是相对应的。诗节的第一行star构成了圣诞树的顶部,第五节诗行最长象征树的底部。该诗通过长短诗行的排列组合,巧妙地呈现出圣诞树的形状,契合了诗歌的标题。原诗倒数第二行那个Huddld并非拼写错误,也非诗歌中常见的缩略形式,而是诗人有意省去一个字母e,使得五个带长柄的字母宛如围在圣诞树下做祈祷的人们。圣诞树在西方文化中象征着吉利,诗中的“星”Star指“福星”,寓意在新年到来之际,人们在圣诞树下祈求幸福,盼福星带来好运。这种特殊的排版方式,不仅造成了视觉上的强烈冲击,而且进一步烘托了诗歌的主题。
2 . 互动意义。互动意义对应人际功能,涉及距离、接触、视角和情态四要素。互动意义探讨图像中参与者之间的社会关系、图像设计者的交际目的,以及读者对图像内容的解读程度等。下面以E.E Cummings的Me up at does为例,分析印刷体式诗歌所呈现的互动意义。
Me up at does
out of the floor
quietly Stare
a poisoned mouse
still who alive
is asking What
have i done that
You wouldn't have
这首诗描述的是一只中毒的老鼠,在行将死亡前与诗歌叙述者的对峙。根据Kress & Van Leeuwen的研究,诗歌的叙述者俯视趴在地上奄奄一息的老鼠,与其目光接触,构成了索取类图像。索取类图像是指利用图像中人物的表情、姿势或其他特点向观众索取更多的注意,当图像中人物的目光直指观众时,目光矢量在空间上形成接触,表达向观众“索取”的意义。诗歌的叙述者从高处往下俯瞰,表示人类在索取顺从;而从下往上仰视的老鼠,则在索取人类的怜悯。人与鼠之间的心理互动被淋漓尽致地展现出来,使读者融入其中,获得真切的感受。此外,老鼠做出的两个动作“stare”和“ask”被作者巧妙地分别安排在从两个诗节分界处算起的第二行里,这也构成了视觉上的篇章对称。
全诗所要传递的最显著的信息,也是多模态话语的起点——人类颠三倒四的话语被置于印刷版式的正上方,向读者暗示了诗歌的深层含义。即人类虽然是世界的主宰,操纵着生杀大权,但面对着老鼠的质疑,还会因惶恐不安,表现得语无伦次。多模态话语想要传递的信息焦点——老鼠的独白“我做了什么,你们人类不会做呢?”被置于印刷版式的下方,成为全诗最真实的信息,形成了对人性弱点无情的、犀利的嘲讽。诗人巧妙地采用了可视意象,向读者传递了微妙的心理活动,使得这首诗读起来更加韵味无穷。
3.构图意义。构图意义是语篇单位的组成设计和突显(张旭红2010)。印刷体式是通过突显字母的形状、大小写、标点符号等构成前景化来实现构图意义的。下面以E.E Cummings的代表作L(a为例,分析印刷体式诗歌所呈现的构图意义。
这首诗以生动的视觉形象再现了一片落叶缓缓飘落的画面。全诗仅由四个单词构成(a leaf falls loneliness),诗人刻意将单词拆分成五个诗节,并垂直排列来模拟树叶时快时慢地飘摇下落的情形,将一个静态的秋日景色以动态的形式呈现在读者的眼前。
诗歌第一行的两个字母“l”和“a”由半个括号连接,形象地预示树叶即将飘落。第三和第四行的相同字母的不同组合“af”、“fa”,犹如叶子落下时飘摇的状态。第五行的“ll”再次重复主题“一个”和“孤独”。第六行只有一个字母“s”和另外半个括号,表示树叶落地并发出轻微的摩擦声,造成视听双重效果。在诗节的最后一行,诗人把“ness”(构成抽象名词的后缀)与“i”放在一起,并且从排版上加以突显,以抒发内心的强烈感情,这是全诗的主旨所在。诗人巧妙地使用括号,把“loneliness”和“a leaffalls”连接起来,从而构成了一个形式上连贯的语篇。在意义层面上,括号里信息是相对次要、起陪衬作用的,而“loneliness”则是被突出的主题。通过标点符号的特殊处理,从侧面进一步再现了文本所传递的意义。
四、结语
视觉诗是诗人为了更好地传达情感,利用文字符号的巧妙编排,模仿大自然和现实世界中的事物,而创造出的一种视觉形象。视觉符号的使用给读者造成强烈的视觉冲击,从侧面烘托了诗歌主题。本文在多模态话语分析的框架下,通过对几首视觉诗的分析,探讨了视觉诗中视觉符号所表达的不同意义。文字与其他视觉符号相结合时,可以展现诗人对所表现事物的态度和感情,并且实现其概念和语篇功能。本研究进一步揭示了图像符号与文字具有相似的功能和意义,两者共同建构语篇意义,体现一种相互协同和互补的关系。因此,在对视觉诗进行解读时,需要结合语言和视觉两种模态,才能全面诠释诗歌所表达的深层含义。
摘要：视觉诗通过文字符号的组合方式以及由这种组合方式所构成的图像建构意义的,传统的分析模式忽视了构成视觉诗的其他符号系统的分析。本文将视觉诗的研究置于多模态话语分析框架下,探讨图像与文字的协同关系,分析图像等视觉符号在诗歌创作中所体现的不同层面的意义。
英文诗歌的翻译方法探究 篇3
关键词：英文诗歌；翻译；信、达、雅；音韵；神韵
诗歌，是文学作品中的最高形式，是艺术金字塔的顶端。诗人用精辟简练的语言，描述着世间最复杂多变的意象,表达了人类真挚的情感。欣赏诗歌，不仅是在揣摩它的语言、技巧、结构，更是在理解诗人所要表现的善恶美丑、高低雅俗，让读者获得精神上的享受与陶冶。而翻译英文诗歌，不仅让译者本人享受到诗歌的美妙，更能让广大读者了解异域文化、欣赏异国文学。可以说，英语诗歌翻译是一项十分具有挑战性和重要实践意义的工作。本文，笔者将对英诗汉译的方法进行重点探究。
一．遵循“信、达、雅”原则
“译事三难，信达雅也”， 翻译家严复用三个字就提炼出英汉翻译之精髓。 信，即译文必须要忠实原诗的本意，不能偷换概念，不能随意发挥；达，指译文的语句要通顺，翻译并不是一字不漏地将原诗生搬硬套过来，而要讲究译诗的流畅自然；雅，美好优雅，指译文要能够传达出原诗的意境与神韵。例如英国小诗《Finis》：
“I strove with none, for none was worth my strife;
Nature I loved, and next to Nature, Art;
I warm’d both hands before the fire of Life;
It sinks; and I am ready to depart.”
译文：
“我和谁都不争，和谁争我都不屑；
我爱大自然，其次就是艺术；
我双手烤着，生命之火取暖；
火萎了，我也准备走了。”
译文将原诗中的“我、自然、艺术、火”等关键词原原本本地翻译过来，内容和思想皆忠于原诗，体现了“信”的原则。译诗用词简洁、语句通顺、自然流畅，符合现代汉语的语法习惯，体现了“达”的原则。最后一句“火萎了，我也准备走了”含蓄优雅地表达出这样一种意境：一位老人在回首过去、总结人生、展望未来，将原诗中的意象、意境及情感巧妙再现，体现了“雅”的原则。
二．注重诗歌的音、形、神兼备
诗歌，作为文学中最讲究形式的一种艺术体裁，有着自身较为复杂的艺术特色。这也要求译者重视对诗歌音韵、形式及神韵的准确把握与追求。
1.音韵之美
英文诗歌与汉语诗词一样，讲究音韵和节奏。英诗中有轻、重音和首、尾韵，可以展现出诗歌的音乐美感。因此，英诗汉译要注重音韵之美。如著名英国小诗《古舟子咏》(节选)：
“The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free,
We were the first that ever burst,
Into that silent sea.”
译文：
“微风吹拂，白浪飞溅，
船儿轻快地破浪向前；
我们是这里的第一批来客，
闯进这一片沉寂的海面。”
原诗中的“flew”与“burst”押尾韵，“followed”与“silent”押行内韵，使得整节小诗节奏明快、韵律感强，读起来琅琅上口、韵味十足。译文中，译者对音韵也有较好的把握，如“溅”与“前”让译文与原诗一样具有音韵之美。
2.形式之美
诗歌的形式，即指诗歌的结构，译文要采用与原文相近似的文体结构。如果原文是自由诗，译文也采取自由诗结构；如果原文是格律诗，译文也采取格律诗结构，从而更准确、完整地表现出原诗的特点。如著名诗人普希金的自由诗《假如生活欺骗了你》(节选)：
“If by life you were deceived,
Don't be dismal, don't be wild!
In the day of grief, be mild.
Merry days will come, believe……”
译文：
“假如生活欺骗了你，
不要悲伤，不要心急！
忧郁的日子将会过去；
相信吧，快乐的日子将会来临……”
由此诗我们可以看出，译者注重了对诗歌翻译的形式美，译文与原文形式上基本一致。无论用词还是用韵，译文都与原诗不相上下。此外，原诗中的情感：悲伤、忧郁或向往、憧憬……也淋漓尽致地展现出来。精炼的词组，方整的韵脚，使得译文既保留了原诗的音韵美，也注重了原诗的形式之美。因此，被奉为众多译作的经典，也是我们学习的佳作之一。
3.神韵之美
诗歌的神韵美，即指诗歌所散发的自然传神、韵味深远的美感，是诗歌创作的最高艺术境界。英文诗歌与中文诗歌一样，其本质是为了托物言志。因此，译者一定要在把握诗歌的音韵美、形式美的基础上，继续追寻诗歌的神韵之美，探索诗歌的精神内涵和本质特征。诗歌的神韵主要是通过诗人对文字的巧妙组合传达出来的，比如字词的选用，句子的排列，节奏、韵律的安排等。
如这首经典的英文爱情诗歌：
“If you were a tear-drop;
In my eye, For fear of losing you,
I would never cry,
And if the golden sun,
Should cease to shine its light,
Just one smile from you, would make my whole world bright.”
译文：
“如果你是我眼里的一滴泪;
为了不失去你,我将永不哭泣;
如果金色的阳光,停止了它耀眼的光芒;
你的一个微笑,将照亮我的整个世界。”
译文中译者用“一滴泪、阳光、光芒、微笑”等词巧妙地勾勒出一幅优美的画面，营造出唯美清新的意境。并通过这样的描写，自然地流露出诗人对爱人的赞美与深情厚谊。如此的意境与神韵,不得不让读者折服、惊叹。
总之，诗歌本身有着极其丰富的语言内涵、深刻的寓意和复杂的情感。如果说诗歌是一件艺术品，那么英诗汉译就是重塑艺术品的过程。因此，译者一定要在遵循“信、达、雅”原则的基础之上恰当选词、精炼排句，同时注重音、形、神、意灵活变通、巧妙连接，从而真实地传达出诗人所要表达的文化意境和思想感情。此外，译者还应该考虑英汉民族文化差异、语言表达习惯、诗人创作背景等因素，从而全面正确地理解与再现诗歌，让读者在欣赏译诗的同时也拥有欣赏原诗一般美妙的感受。
参考文献：
[1] 崔丞.刍议诗歌翻译的创造性[J].湖北经济学院学报,2010(10).
[2] 熊帝任.英文诗歌翻译的一个要点[J].科技资讯,2008.
[3] 孙幼平.中西诗歌翻译的改写与诗体移植[J].南京工程学院学报,2008(08).
励志英文诗歌朗诵 篇4
jenny kiss’d me when we met,
jumping from the chair she sat in;
time, you thief, who love to get
sweets into your list, put that in!
say i’m weary, say i’m sad,
say that health and wealth have miss’d me,
say i’m growing old, but add,
jenny kiss’d me.
珍妮给了我一个吻
珍妮的才华盖世，
珍妮的美艳绝伦;
多少文人明里追捧，
多少美女暗地嫉恨。
就在我们相遇时，
珍妮给了我一个吻;
我还记得她椅中绰约的坐姿，
我还记得她冲我奔来的倩影。
贼头贼脑的时光，
密查暗访的精灵;
偷记人间的风流韵事，
当然，也录下我那一刻的温馨。
说我面容疲惫，
我认;
说我精神忧郁，
我认;
说我财富全无，
我认;
说我健康不再，
我认;
说我年纪老迈，
我认。
可是，要补充一句：
珍妮给了我一个吻。
英文诗歌(经典) 篇5
父亲节
Mary Frances Bogle
玛丽·弗朗西斯·博格
Over the years
多年来，
As we grow old,
随着我们逐渐长大，
We remember our father
总想起我们的父亲，
So brave and bold.
那样勇敢而无畏
In the garden,
花园里，
Leaning on the plow,
他正埋头耕种
He would listen to me;
他会听我说话;
I see him now.
我看到他了
He would give advice
他会给我建议
And understand;
也会用心理解;
He was always there
他总会在那里
To lend a hand.
及时伸手帮助
God made fathers
上帝创造了父亲
Strong and firm,
强壮而结实，
For he knew our lives
因为他知晓我们的生活
Would have great concerns.
需要太多的关怀照料
So he gave us fathers
所以他将父亲赐予我们
To teach us to pray,
教导我们如何祈祷，
And guide our lives,
指导我们如何生活，
And show us the way.
并且指引我们前行的方向
So on his day
所以，在属于他的这一天里
Lets take the time
让我们用一些时间
To say “Thanks, dad. Im glad youre mine.”
雪花-英文诗歌 篇6
One day in winter holidays, it was cloudy. After a while, white snowflakes began to fall quietly.
Snowflakes, like feathers, fell everywhere quietly.
Snowflakes, as light as smoke, as white as silver, kissed the land tenderly.
Snowflakes, as naughty as butterflies sometimes fell on the roofs, sometimes on the branches, and sometimes fell on people‘s faces.
The trees in the street were covered with snow, just like in the white clothes.
The land was all wh!te. The walls in the gardens were full of snow, like a silver snake.
英文诗歌比较 篇7
1 Diction Analysis
The most apparent feature of the poem is the way Ted Hughes uses to connect the two seemingly unrelated matters together-the"thought"and"fox".Stylistically speaking,when a definite article is used,it denotes a concept that is already familiar.It is obvious that we cannot classify"thought"and"fox"in the same noun group."Thought"is an abstract noun while"fox"is a concrete noun.Use of"the"indicates that not only is the poet intimately familiar with the formation of a thought,he expects the reader to be so too.By putting the two words of different categories together,Ted Hughes makes the reader believe that there must be something peculiar in the lines that follow When we reach the last line of the poem,we get the intuition that the poem is about the writing of a poem.Thus,the theme is metaphorically ushered in step by step.
Two scenes are presented in the poem:the room and the forest.At such a snowy midnight,the poet is the only person in the room who is imagining the forest;the room is quiet.In fron of the poet there is a blank page where his fingers move.
I imagine this midnight moment's forest:
Something else is alive
Beside the clock's loneliness
And this blank page where my fingers move.(1st stanza)
The adjective"blank"indicates that the poet has got no inspiration,and he is trying to find it.In the forest,something else is alive,and it is moving nearer and nearer.
Through the window I see no star:
Something more near
Though deeper within darkness
Is entering the loneliness:(2nd stanza)
It is entering the loneliness that is overwhelming in the room.Though the loneliness is cold,delicately as the dark snow,it is gradually broken off by the movement of the fox.
Cold,delicately as the dark snow,
A fox's nose touches twig,leaf;
Two eyes serve a movement,that now
And again now,and now,and now(3rd stanza)
It gives us the impression that the forest has taken the place of the room and the fox has replaced the poet in the room.The fox explores the forest;it touches the twig,leaf;it sets neat prints into the snow between the trees.On the other hand,we feel that it is the poet himself that is seeking for inspiration in life and putting it into words.
Sets neat prints into the snow
Between trees,and warily a lame
Shadow lags by stump and in hollow
Of a body that is bold to come(4th stanza)
The blank page is then printed just as the snow is printed by the fox's feet.We can find words that show us the action of the fox in the running-on lines.The following is a list of them:
enter;movement;touch;set;bold to come;come about;etc
Across clearings,an eye,
A widening deepening greenness,
Brilliantly,concentratedly,
Coming about its own business(5th stanza)
A vivid image of the fox is then created by the poet's involving of fives senses in the writing of the poem.
Till,with a sudden sharp hot stink of fox
It enters the dark hole of the head.
The window is starless still;the clock ticks,
The page is printed.(6th stanza)
We can pick up the words related to the five senses in the poem as followed:
We can feel:the snow is cold,delicate;dark;still
We can see:no star;the fox's nose touches twig,leaf;the page is printed
We can hear:the clock ticks
And we can even smell:the sharp hot stink
The employment of such words contributes to the reproduction in the reader for vividness.He seems to be staying with the poet and sitting by the window in the same room,looking out onto the forest.Together with the poet,we see the fox:its nose touches the twig and the leaf;its eyes move now and again.In all,we can feel the emergence of the fox at all our five senses Also a symbolic suggestion of the fox is created.Rather than directly tell us readers what the poem is about,the poet creates a link between the two things:one is abstract-the thought;the othe is concrete-the fox.The stylistic value of Hughes's choice is:he is able to transfer"thought"into an image which we as readers can conceive immediately.Just as the coming of a fox,the inspiration is gradually built up both in the poet's mind and the reader's
2 Structural Analysis
The next point worth mentioning is the structure of the poem.We notice that the sentences do not end at the end of each stanza but run on to the next stanza.There exist run-on lines in the poem.The first impinges upon the second line;the second line onto the third line and on and on.The caesura does not appear at the end of the line.
e.g.The 1ststanza of the poem is actually composed of two sentences,but the poet arranges them in four lines:I imagine this midnight moment's forest:/Something else is alive/Beside the clock's loneliness/And this blank page where my fingers move,//
Between stanza 3-4,4-5,and 5-6,we can also find such run-on lines:
e.g.Between stanza 3-4:…And again now,and now,and now//Sets neat prints into the snow…
Between stanza 4-5:…Of a body that is bold to come/
Across clearings,an eye…
Between stanza 5-6:…Coming about its own business
//Till,with a sudden sharp hot stink of…
A list of such structure shows that the poet intentionally employs such device to assimilate the flow of thought and the formation of the inspiration.The whole poem shows the continuity of the appearance and realization and expression of the thought On the other hand,it shows that the forest acts as an"imaginary world of the poet"and"his creative world where ideas are abundant and active thinking takes place".[2]5
3 Sound Effects
The poet pays a lot of attention to the sound effect of words and phrases.In this poem,cases of alliteration,assonance,consonance,and the alternation of long and short vowels can be found quite frequently.
e.g.alliteration:midnight moment's forest;a sudden sharp hot stink
assonance:deepening greenness consonance:darkness,loneliness
the alternation of long and short vowels:blank page,
cold,delicately as the dark snow
With the utilization of all the devices,Ted Hughes succeeds in bringing to us the musical sound effect.The sounds break down the monotony of the quiet midnight.They also act like sparkle of mind and are in harmony with the process of the formation of inspiration.
4 Metaphor
At the same time,we may notice that Ted Hughes uses metaphor to create the stylistic effect.
e.g.a)"the window"is a metaphor for"the window of the mind-the eyes"
b)"the fox"is a metaphor for"inspiration"
c)"the night"is itself a metaphor for the deeper and
more intimate darkness of the poet's imagination in whose depths an idea is mysteriously stirring.
A pun can be found in the last line of the poem:"print"not only refers to the footprint of the fox but also refers to the"writing of a poem".
Just as Thornborrow puts it in his introduction to the chapter"Sound and Meter in Poetry","by understanding the linguistic skill demonstrated by a writer in drafting a text,we enjoy it more,and the magic is increased."[3]16When we adopt a stylistic analysis of Ted Hughes'The Thought-Fox,we should appreciate his artistic creation.Normally we cannot expect a fox to have anything to do with the thought,but Ted Hughes makes it possible by giving the fox a symbolic suggestion.Just as the writer Shenqian(1996)believes,"Ted chooses Fox as the image representing the inspiration of the poet because Fox normally arouses in the readers'mind of being smart,intelligent and witty".[4]60Ted Hughes has ever written,'that long after I am gone,as long as a copy of the poem exists,every time anyone reads it the fox will get up somewhere out of the darkness and come walking towards them.'How effectively Hughes conveys surprising notions of the formation of thought by comparing two seemingly disparate things-the fox and the thought.
参考文献
[1] Webster,Richard.'The thought-fox' and the poetry of Ted Hughes[J].The Critical Quarterly,1984.
[2] 虞苏美.Resolving Ambiguities in Ted Hughes' The Thought- Fox[J].国外外语教学,1999(3):1-5.
[3] 索恩博罗.语言模式:文体学入门[M].北京:外语教学与研究 出版社,2000.
中英文商标翻译方法之比较 篇8
[关键词] 商标 翻译方法 比较
随着经济全球化速度不断加快,国际分工进一步深化, 商品的国际流通日益频繁. 由于市场经济制度的不断完善, 中国的许多大中型企业正在走向世界, 同样世界上很多品牌也在试图开拓中国这个大市场。由于商标是商品生产者或经营者为了使自己的商品同他人相区别而使用的一种具有显著性标记,其功能在于识别产品、宣传产品、 激起消费者的消费欲望,可见商标的作用举足轻重，但同时商标的翻译不同于其他文体的翻译,它既要考虑到消费者的心理又要考虑到对方国家的民族心理特征.，由于中英文兩种语言的本身特点不尽相同, 所以它们常用的翻译方法也不尽相同，本文将常见的翻译方法进行总结和比较, 并尝试着分析每种译法的特点,希望能够带给读者一些有益的启示。
一、英文商标汉译常用的方法
1.直译法
“所谓直译就是在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想或误解的前提下,在译文中保留原文的意义形象和句法结构的方法”。在商标翻译中,直译法比较常见,如众所周知的轿车商标案例:Blue Bird ,在进入中国市场时,被译为“蓝鸟”,之所以深受欢迎是因为它寓意美好并且读起来朗朗上口。但直译法应该注意的是文化间的差别,尤其是民族忌讳或宗教忌讳，如中国的“孔雀牌”的商品是绝不可译为“Peacock” ,这是因为在西方国家孔雀是骄傲、自满的代言词 ,可想而知此牌的商品销量一定不会太好。
2.纯音译法
即指在不违背语言规范和不引起错误联想和误解的前提下，按照其发音，将英文商标用与之发音相同或相近的汉字代替的翻译。通常情况下，直译只考虑到与原商标的声音相同或谐音, 读起来朗朗上口,而不含有其他深层含义。如Sony 被译为“索尼”, Santana 轿车被译为“桑塔那”,Mc Donald被译为“麦当劳”,在汉译商标中,纯音译法也很常见。
3.音意兼顾法
即在翻译后的商标中保留了原商标的部分含意,并有部分的音译。这一翻译法可以以著名的商标“金利来”为例,众所周知,它的英文品牌为“GoldLion”,如果采取意译的方法,那就是“金狮”牌服装, 从字面上看,没有不妥之处,甚至符合那句广告语——“男人的世界”,但是听觉效果可就大打折扣了,因为“狮”与“失”同音,很不吉利,于是将商标中的前半部分“Gold”保持意译,译为“金”,而“Lion”则用音译法, 译作“利来”,译后的商标便是“金利来”,符合人们的价值取向。 另外还有Kidcastle--吉的堡,Mickey Mouse-米老鼠等。
4.意译法
意译法也称创新性翻译,是对商标常规翻译方法(音译、直译、音兼顾法等)翻译方法的补充,旨在另辟蹊径,以一种非常手法理性地解决商标翻译中的一些棘手的问题。它的特点往往是“重意轻音”,如洗发水品牌Rejoice,译为“飘柔”,这个商标很容易使人想起飘逸柔顺的秀发,如果拘泥于直译或音译方法的话,那么效果定要大打折扣了，类似的成功商标案例还有Cannon——佳能,Pampers——帮宝适,Safeguard——舒肤佳等。
5.添字法
添字法的目的是为了解决商标翻译后没有达到理想效果或为了达到“音美”效果而适当增字的方法。如“壳牌”油漆的英文商标是“Shell”如果翻译为“壳”漆,在读音上很单薄,难以给人留下美好的印象,所以就添以“牌”字,这样既读起来朗朗上口,又忠实于原商标.类似的例子还有Kent——箭牌,Tiger——虎牌啤酒等。
6.调整法
调整法是针对一些既难音译又难意译的商标品牌而采取部分调整,以期达到理想的效果.市场上有一种饮料叫“七喜”,而它的英文商标为“Seven-up”,其中seven在英文中是表示完美意义的数字, up是向上之意,寓意蒸蒸日上。如果按照直译翻译,那就是的“七上”牌,如果真这样翻译的话一定会让消费者望而却步的，因为人们看到这个商标时的第一反应便是八下,“七上八下”让人心里不踏实,怎么会吸引消费者呢？然而此时采取调整法，便会发生柳暗花明的转折，将up的向上之意译作国人崇尚的“喜”字, 消费者就会被其喜气所感染,因为它符合中国人渴望大吉大利,万事如意的心理。
7.不译之译法
不译之译法,故名思议:保持英文商标的特点,而不用汉字来翻译,这类商标往往标新立异,达到与众不同的效果。比如,韩国的L.G.电器在中国市场上的销售占了很大的比例,但它的商标就两个字母;UP2U是一种女性化妆品的牌子,来自一句英文:It’s up to you (一切取决于你),将to 转为阿拉伯数字2英文发音与之相近,相信在众多品牌当中,它的商标一定让你过目不忘.另外美国著名的IBM品牌及法国的名酒X.O.都让人耳目一新。
二、汉字商标英译常用方法
1.拼音式译法
拼音式译法既将商标的汉语发音用拼音的形式书写,因为拼音与英文字母在书写上是相同的,这种译法是最常见的也是最懒惰的一种译法.著名的羽绒服生产厂家波思登的英文商标为Bosideng ,蒙牛乳业的英文商标为Mengniu,在国际上享有盛誉的海尔电器的英文商标为Haier,在国人看来,这些商标无可厚非,但当商品进入国际化流通领域,那些只是毫无意义的英文字母的堆砌甚至会出现误解，如我国的长虹彩电英文名称为Changhong,然而在英文中Chang的意思为“青稞酒”,Hong 的含义为“商行,洋行”,当消费者第一次见到它时,一定误以为酒类的产品,,可想而知,若要靠此名打开国际的大门就要事倍功半了。不过随着品牌意识的增强,拼音译法会逐渐被其他翻译方法所取代的。
2.直译法
即将汉字商标中的汉字用相对应的英文单词一一代替而形成的英文商标。这种译法商标中较为常见，如北京著名的新东方，它的英文名NewOriental（新东方的直译）；熊猫牌电视机被译为Panda,它的特点是简单明了，但应注意对方国家的文化背景,否则就容易闹出笑话来,或者适得其反,如众所周知的例子:中国的白象品牌是绝不可以译作White Elephant的,因为在英语中它的含义为昂贵而不是用的东西,那谁还会买呀!
3.音意兼顾法
即在翻译后的英文商标中,既照顾到了声音又照顾到了品牌的含义.比如乐凯胶卷译作Lucky,不仅声音相近,而且有美好、幸运的祝福含在其中.笔者所在的城市有一家涉外酒店名叫燕山大酒店,其英文名称为Youngsun Hotel,它的含义为初升的太阳,给人以朝气蓬勃的感觉,而且对于外宾来说要比Yanshan更容易被记住。
4.拼译法
即采用两个以上西文词或词根、词缀诠译汉语商标,如陕西彩虹集团的商标为Caihong更名为IRICO,IRICO由IRIX加 CORPORATION拼缀而成, IRIX是古希腊传说中专门传播美好消息的彩虹女神,含义隽永,又具有鲜明的国际形象。
5.意译法
汉语商标中也有很多采取意译的,譬如,笔者所在的城市有一家名叫“今晚有约”的休闲去处,英文名字为Evening Romance,翻译得恰到好处。
三、结语
商标是产品的第一张脸,是“生命线”,又肩负着沟通不同文化、审美、价值观的重任。商标的翻译工作直接影响着产品的形象和销售,好的商标翻译能拉近产品与消费者的距离,使人一见倾心,所以商标的翻译工作不仅仅是一个语义对等的问题，而更是突出商品功能的再创造，其强调的是和原文具有同等甚至更好的表现力和感染力，因此，译者要力求符合消费者的心理和审美情趣，做到生动、明快、和谐、富有创造力和想象力，使商品在新的市场中更具竞争力。