乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿（共7篇）

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇1

I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told， I never graduated from college. And this is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. Thats it. No big deal. Just three stories.

今天，我很荣幸能和你们一起参加毕业典礼，斯坦福大学是世界上的大学之一。说实话，(虽然)我从来没有从大学中毕业，但今天是我生命中离大学毕业最近的一天了。今天我想向你们讲述我生活中的三个故事。不说大道理，就是三个故事而已。

The first story is about connecting the dots.

第一个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴滴串连起来。

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months， but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

我在里德学院读了六个月之后就退学了，但是在十八个月以后，我还经常去学校。我为什么要退学呢?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young， unwed college graduate student， and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates， so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents， who were on a waiting list， got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him? They said: “Of course. My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. This was the start in my life.

故事要从我的出生说起。我的亲生母亲是一名年轻未婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收养我，她十分想让大学毕业生收养我。所以在我出生前，她已经准备一切，让一位律师和他的妻子收养。但是她没有料到，在我出生后，律师夫妇突然决定要一个女孩。所以，我的养父养母(他们当时还在候选名单上)突然在半夜接到了一个电话：“我们有一个意外降生的男婴，你们想收养他吗?他们回答说： “当然! 但是我亲生母亲随后发现，我的养母从未上过大学，我的养父高中没毕业。于是她拒绝签订收养合同。但在几个月以后，因为我的养父养母答应她一定要让我上大学，她才心软同意了。

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford， and all of my working-class parents savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months， I couldnt see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time， but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didnt interest me， and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.

在十七岁那年，我的确上大学了。但我天真地选择了一个几乎和斯坦福大学一样贵的学校，我父母还处于工薪阶层，为了交学费，他们几乎耗光所有积蓄。六个月后，我几乎看不到在学校的价值。我不知道(我生命中)要追求什么，我也不知道学校是否能帮我找到答案。但在学校，我将花光我父母这一辈子的积蓄。所以，我决定退学，并且我相信车到山前必有路。(不可否认)，我当时非常害怕，但现在回头来看，这个决定是我一生中最明智决定之一。在我做出退学决定后，我再也不用去上那些我丝毫没有兴趣的必修课，我开始去听那些看起来有趣的课程。

It wasnt all romantic. I didnt have a dorm room， so I slept on the floor in friends rooms， I returned coke bottles for the 5￠ deposits to buy food with， and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

这一点也不罗曼蒂克。没了宿舍，所以我要到朋友家睡地板;为了填饱肚子，我捡过值5美分的可乐罐;为了每周一顿的好一点的饭，每个星期天晚上，我穿街过巷，步行7英里到Hare Krishna教堂。我喜欢那里的饭菜。在好奇和直觉的引导下，我跌跌撞撞地遇到很多东西，这些后来被证明是无价瑰宝。我给你们举一个例子吧：

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster， every label on every drawer， was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didnt have to take the normal classes， I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces， about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations， about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful， historical， artistically subtle in a way that science cant capture， and I found it fascinating.

那时候，里德学院的书法课程也许是全美的。学校里的每个海报，抽屉上的每个标签，上面全都是漂亮的书法。因为我退学了，没有了正常的课程，所以我决定去上/书法课，去学学怎样写出漂亮的字。我学到了san serif 和serif字体，我学会了怎么样在不同的字母组合之中变化间距，还有怎么样做的版式。那种美感、真实感和艺术感，是科学永远不能捕捉到的，(我发现)那实在是太迷人了。

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later， when we were designing the first Macintosh computer， it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college， the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac， its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out， I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class， and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very， very clear looking backwards ten years later.

当时这些东西似乎在我生命中没什么可用之处。但十年之后，当我们在设计第一台Macintosh计算机的时候，就全部派上用场。我把当时我学的那些东西全都融入到Mac。那是拥有漂亮字体的第一台计算机。如果我当时没有退学，我没机会沉迷于书法课程，Mac就不会有种类繁多或的行距整齐的字体。如果Windows没有抄袭Mac，个人电脑很可能就不会这么多字体。如果我没有退学，我不会沉迷于书法课程，个人电脑很可能就不会这么多字体。当然了，我在学校的时候不可能把这些点点滴滴提前串连起来。但在十年之后回顾过去，这些东西历历在目。

Again， you cant connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something your gut， destiny， life， karma， whatever. This approach has never let me down， and it would made all the difference.

再说一次，你不可能把这些点点滴滴提前串连起来;你只能在回顾的时候把它们串连起来。所以你必须相信这些点点滴滴是和你的未来项链的。你必须要相信某些东西：直觉、命运、生命、因缘等等。这个方法从未让我失望过，它让我与众不同。

My second story is about love and loss.

我的第二个故事是关于爱和失去。

I was lucky I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard， and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier， and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well， as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me， and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did， our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone， and it was devastating.

我非常幸运，因为我在很早的时候就找到了我钟爱的东西。我在二十岁的时候，沃兹和我在父母的车库里面开创了苹果公司。我们努力工作，十年之后，苹果从只有两个的穷小子的车库公司，发展到了员工超过四千名、市值超过二十亿的大公司。在公司成立的第九年，我们刚刚发布了的产品Macintosh。我也快要到而立之年了。后来，我被炒鱿鱼了。你怎么可能被你自己创立的公司炒了鱿鱼呢? 在苹果快速成长的时候，我们雇用了一个很有天分的家伙和我一起管理这个公司，在最初的几年风调雨顺。但是后来我们对公司未来的看法有了分歧，最终我们吵了起来。当吵的不可开交的时候，董事会站在了他的那一边。所以在三十岁的时候，我被炒鱿鱼了。公开地把我扫地出门了。曾经是我整个生命的中心已经不再有了，这让我不知所措。

I really didnt know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down C that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure， and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected， but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

有几个月，我真是不知道该做些什么。我觉得我很令上一代的企业家们很失望，因为我把他们交给我的接力棒弄丢了。我把事情搞砸了，我和(创办HP的)David Packard和(创办Intel的)Bob Noyce见面，并试图向他们道歉。在公众面前，我是个失败者，我甚至想过逃离硅谷。但我后来慢慢看到了曙光，我仍然喜爱我从事的一切。在苹果发生的**，并没有丝毫改变这一点。虽然我被驱逐了，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。所以我决定从头再来。

I didnt see it then， but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again， less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

我当时没有觉察，但是事后证明，被苹果扫地出门是我这一生经历的的事。因为，作为一个创业者的轻松感觉重新替代作为一个成功者的负重感，不要把每件事情都看得那么重。它(扫地出门)把我释放出来，让我进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。

During the next five years， I started a company named NeXT， another company named Pixar， and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film， Toy Story， and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events， Apple bought NeXT， I returned to Apple， and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apples current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

在接下来的五年里，我创立了一个名叫NeXT的公司，还有一个叫Pixar的公司，还有和一位魅力女士相识并相爱，她后来成为我的妻子。Pixar 制作了全球第一部由电脑制作的动画电影“玩具总动员，Pixar现在也是全球上最成功的电脑制作工作室。在随后一系列运作中，苹果收购了NeXT，我重返苹果。我们在NeXT研发的技术是苹果重焕生机的关键。而且，我还和Laurence共同建立了一个幸福完美的家庭。

Im pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadnt been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine， but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith. Im convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Youve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life， and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you havent found it yet， keep looking. And dont settle. As with all matters of the heart， youll know when you find it. And， like any great relationship， it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Dont settle.

如果苹果没有开除我的话，我可以非常肯定，这其中的任何一件事情都不会发生的。虽然这剂良药的味道非常苦涩，但我这个病人需要它。虽然命运有时候会拿起板砖，猛拍你的脑袋。但你不要失去信仰。我很清楚，使我一直走下去的，就是我钟爱着我从事的事。你必须去找到你所钟爱的东西。对于你的工作是如此，对于你的爱人亦如此。你的工作将会占据你的大部分生活时间，你惟一获得成就感方法就是相信你从事工作是高尚的;做高尚工作的惟一方法就是钟爱你的事业。如果你还没有找到，那么你要继续寻找，不要半途而废。心中有信念，你就会找到的。而且，这和其他任何事情一样，随着岁月流逝，它会越来越好。所以，不要半途而废，继续寻找。

My third story is about death.

我的第三个故事是关于死亡的。

When I was 17， I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last， someday youll most certainly be right. It made an impression on me， and since then， for the past 33 years， I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life， would I want to do what I am about to do today? And whenever the answer has been “No for too many days in a row， I know I need to change something.

在我十七岁的时候，我曾看过一句名言：“如果你把每一天看成是生命中的最后一天，那么有一天你会发现你是正确的。这句话我印象颇深。从那时开始已有33年了，每个早晨，我都会对着镜子问自己：“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天，你会不会完成你今天想做的事情呢?如果连续几天的答案都是“不的时候，我知道我要做些改变了。

Remembering that Ill be dead soon is the most important tool Ive ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything all external expectations， all pride， all fear of embarrassment or failure C these things just fall away in the face of death， leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

谨记我随时死去，这是我一生中遇到的最有帮助的工具，它帮我做出了生命中重要的抉择。因为几乎所有的事情，包括所有的荣誉、所有的骄傲、来自难堪和失败所有的恐惧，这些在死亡面前统统消亡，剩下的爱是真正重要的东西。谨记我随时死去，这是我所知道的，来避开将要失去的一些东西的陷阱的方法。人生不带来，死不带去，我们没有理由不随心而安。

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning， and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didnt even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable， and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order， which is doctors code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought youd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

大概一年以前，我被诊断出癌症。早晨七点半，我做了一个检查，检查结果清楚地显示我胰腺有一个肿瘤。我当时甚至都不知道胰腺是什么东西。医生告诉我这是很可能一种无法治愈的癌症，我仅剩三到六个月的时间活在世上。我的医生建议我回家打理后事，这是医生对临终病人的标准程序。这也就是说，我必须在短短几个月之内，要把未来十年对你小孩说的话全部交待完;这也就是说，我要把事情安排妥当，让你的家人会尽可能轻松的生活;这也就是说，我要和他们说“再见了。

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy， where they stuck an endoscope down my throat， through my stomach and into my intestines， put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated， but my wife， who was there， told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and Im fine now.

我拿着那个诊断书过了一整天。那天晚上，我又作了一个活切片检查，医生把一个内窥镜从我的喉咙伸进去，穿过我的胃，进入我的肠道，在我的胰腺上的肿瘤上，用一根针取了一些细胞。我当时打了麻醉/药，不醒人事，但是我的妻子一直在那里。她后来告诉我，当医生在显微镜下观察这些细胞，最后他们发现这些细胞竟然是一种非常罕见的可以用手术治愈的胰腺癌症细胞，于是他们都大叫起来。我做了这个手术，现在我痊愈了。

This was the closest Ive been to facing death， and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it， I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

那是我和死神距离最近的一次，我也希望这是以后几十年中的最近一次。以前我只把死亡看作是个概念，但经历此事后，我可以更肯定地对你们说：

No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven dont want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be， because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Lifes change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you， but someday not too long from now， you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic， but it is quite true.

没人想死，即便人们想上天堂，也是想活着去那里。但是人必有一死，你我都无法逃脱。这也本该如此，因为“死亡很可能就是“生命中最杰出的发明。它是生命的轮回，它为新生事物清理道路。现在你们是新生的，但终有一天，你们将逐渐变老，直至谢幕。很抱歉，我讲的这么戏剧化，但这就是现实。

Your time is limited， so dont waste it living someone elses life. Dont be trapped by dogma which is living with the results of other peoples thinking. Dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important， have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

人生有限，所以不要把时间浪费在重复其他人的生活上;不要被教条束缚，那意味着你的思维和其他人没什么不一样;不要被其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心的声音。还有最重要的是，你要有勇气去跟随你直觉和心灵，因为它们在某种程度上已经知道你想要成为什么样子。所有其他的事情都是次要的。

When I was young， there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog， which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park， and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960′s， before personal computers and desktop publishing， so it was all made with typewriters， scissors， and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form， 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic， and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

在我年轻的时候，有一本振聋发聩的杂志叫做《全球目录》，它是我们那一代人的圣经之一。它是由一位叫Stewart Brand的家伙在离这里不远的门罗帕克主刊的，他神奇般地将这本书带到了这个世界。那是六十年代后期，也就是在个人电脑出现之前，这本书完全是用靠打字机、剪刀还有偏光相机做出来的。它有点像用软皮包装的Google，它比Google早三十五年出现，它是理想主义的，其中包含了许多灵巧的工具和伟大的见解。

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog， and then when it had run its course， they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s， and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road， the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now， as you graduate to begin anew， I wish that for you.

Stewart和他的团队出版了几期的《全球目录》，当它完成了自己使命的时候，他们发布了最后一期的。那是在七十年代的中期，我正好是你们这个的年纪。在最后一期的封底上，有一张乡村公路清晨的照片(如果你有冒险精神的话，你可以自己找到这条路的)，在照片下方有这样一句话：“求知若饥，虚心若愚。这是他们停刊的告别语。“求知若饥，虚心若愚。我总是希望自己能够那样。现在，在你们即将毕业，开始新的征程的时候，我也希望你们能这样：

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

求知若饥，虚心若愚。

Thank you all very much

非常感谢你们!

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇2

一、理论基础

系统功能学派认为,语言是社会活动的产物。作为人类交际的工具,它承担着各种各样的功能。[2]韩礼德认为语言有三种纯理功能,即概念功能、语篇功能和人际功能。语言的人际功能是指语言不仅可以表达说话人的经历和内心活动,而且可以表达其身份、地位、态度,以及他对事物的推断等。语言的人际功能主要通过语气、情态和人称三方面来实现。语气系统表明了交际过程中说活人与受话人所扮演的角色;情态系统用以表明说话人对自己所表达内容的有效性的判断;人称系统则可以体现说话人与听众及语篇中涉及到的人物的关系。

二、人际意义分析

(一)语气系统

语气系统体现出了交际双方的角色。说话人的言语角色具有两个最基本的任务,即给予和求取,而交际中的交际物有两类,第一类为物品和服务,第二类为信息。将言语角色和交流物进行组合,可以组成四种言语角色:给予物品或服务为提供;给予信息为陈述;求取物品或服务为命令;求取信息为提问。提供、陈述、命令、提问这四种言语功能与语气系统的关系是十分复杂的。陈述一般由陈述句实现,命令一般由祈使句实现,提问一般由疑问句实现,但皆有例外,而提供是由不同语气实现的。在演讲过程中,演讲者作为说话人会向听众提供大量自己想要表达的信息,同时,演讲者也希望通过自己的演讲对听众的思想甚至行为形成一定的影响,因此,“给予”和“求取”这两种角色在演讲中也有一定体现。

从表中可以看出,乔布斯在斯坦福大学的演讲的句子总数为138个,其中陈述句123个,祈使句11个,疑问句4个。这篇演讲中陈述句的比例高达89%,这是由演讲的目的与内容决定的。乔布斯用大量陈述句讲述了他人生中非常重要的三段经历,并以此来鼓励学生们珍惜时光,用正确的方式看待不同的人生经历,找到自己所爱并为之而奋斗。祈使语气在演讲语篇中多用于表示劝告、邀请、建议、敦促、要求等。[3]这篇演讲辞中祈使句在句子总数的占8%,这些句子的使用是为了呼吁、劝告学生们意识到时光的有限性与找到自己毕生所爱的重要性并采取行动。例如:“So keep looking until you find it.Don't settle.”这里,乔布斯通过连用两个祈使句引起学生们的注意,表达出了一种命令的口吻,恳切地提醒学生,如果没有找到自己所钟爱的事业,一定要继续寻找而不要贪图安逸,让学生们体会到这一观点的重要性。而疑问句则只占整个语篇的3%,用以引起学生们的注意并与其进行良好的互动。

(二)情态系统

韩礼德认为,人际意义的重要组成部分之一是讲话者对自己讲的命题的成功性和有效性所做的判断,或在命令中要求对方承担的义务,或在提议中要表达的个人意愿。[2]情态的体现形式包括情态和意态。情态用以表达命题中的可能性,意态用以表达提议中的可能性。具体来看,情态是指介于“这是”和“这不是”之间的可能性,是这两者间不同量值的概率频率。意态是指介于“做此事”与“不能做此事”之间的可能性,是不同量值的义务和意愿。情态具有多种体现方式,本文重点讨论情态动词,情态动词的使用能有效地将讲话者的意图传达给听众。情态的量值可以分为高、中、低三级。在情态动词中,高量值情态动词有“must”“has to”“ought to”“need to”,中量值情态动词有“will”“would”“shall”“should”,低量值情态动词有“may”“might”“can”“could”。

从上表可以看出:这篇演讲词共使用29个情态动词,其中中量值情态动词有18个,所占比例为62%,使用频次最高;低量值情态动词有9个,占31%,高量值情态动词仅使用2个,占7%,使用频次最低。在演讲中,中量值情态动词的使用既可以表达演讲者的期望或意愿,又可以显示出演讲者对所要表达命题的态度,有时因其表达的感情色彩而易于影响听众。在这篇演讲中,乔布斯使用频次最高的情态动词是“would”,“would”既是对将来时间的限定,又用于表达一种意愿。例如:“So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.”乔布斯虽然在对自己的未来没有安排的情况下选择了退学,却用“would”显示出他对未知的将来充满信心,建立起一个值得信服的演讲者的形象,并形成一个伏笔,表明退学这一选择对自己之后的事业影响深远,使学生们更容易接受他在之后的演讲内容中表达的“回望过去,很多经历与选择都很有价值”的观点。

高量值情态动词的使用可以表明演讲者坚定的立场与态度。在某些情况下,如在政治类演讲中,高量值情态动词通常用以体现演讲者的地位与权威,从而影响听众,但在其他类演讲中则使用较少。这篇演讲中,高量值情态动词仅出现两次:“So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.You have to trust in something-your gut,destiny,life,karma,whatever.”乔布斯连用两个“have to”来引起学生们的重视,表达出自己对学生强烈的期望与建议。他很确定地让学生们相信,虽然无法预测未来,但过去和现在发生的一些事情一定会对未来产生一些意想不到的影响,并以自己的亲身经历让学生们相信人生和因果等。“have to”的使用具有权威性和绝对性,这种绝对性如果使用过多,会营造一个高高在上的演讲者形象,但适当的使用可以使乔布斯更容易影响学生的想法,使学生以更平静的心态面对现在,并对未来充满信心。

低量值情态动词用以表达一种可能性或能力。低量值情态动词因其低绝对性,可以体现出演讲者对观众的尊重,并且因其主观性较弱,更容易使人信服,所传达的信息更容易被听众所接受。例如:“If I had never dropped out,I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class,and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.”乔布斯用“might”表达了他退学去参加美术字课程和之后的个人电脑拥有美妙字体的联系。显然,参加美术字课程并不是个人电脑具有美妙字体的唯一原因,“might”所表达的较低程度的可能性使演讲者所表达的内容更严谨,更值得信服。而偏温和的表达方式更有利于和学生建立和谐的人际关系,从而使演讲内容易于被学生们接受。

(三)人称系统

人称代词的使用也可以体现话语的人际意义。李战子认为,语篇中的代词指称能告诉我们作者是如何看待语篇涉及到的人物的,这些人称代词有助于在作者和读者之间建立一种特定的关系。由此可见,演讲过程中不同人称代词的使用有助于建立和维持演讲者和听众之间的人际关系。人称代词的选择会受到演讲的性质、目的、演讲者的地位等方面的影响。第一人称代词单数用来表达演讲人的观点、态度和经历等。第一人称代词复数既可以是“包含式”的,也可以是“排除式”的。包含听话人的第一人称代词复数把演讲者与听众置于同一情境下,缩短了演讲者与听众的距离,从而使演讲更具有接受性。不包含听话人的第一人称代词复数往往用以表达自己一方的想法与事迹,可以体现演讲的客观性或自己一方的坚定性和权威性。第二人称代词的使用实现了演讲者与听众之间的交流,可以引起听众的注意力并引发听众的思考。第三人称代词通常用以表述第三方的观点或事迹,可以增强演讲的客观性。

从表中可以看出,第一人称代词单数占整个语篇人称代词总数的62.95%。乔布斯通过第一人称代词的使用,对自己生命中的三件重要经历和对自己影响深远的思想进行了清晰阐述。第二人称代词的使用也较多,占22.77%。乔布斯使用第二人称实现和学生们的直接交际并引发学生们思考自己的人生。例如:“And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.”在这一部分,乔布斯使用了6个第二人称代词,通过把学生们的工作和爱情进行对比,对工作和人生的关系进行分析,让学生们感受到工作的选择不仅与自己的人生幸福感息息相关,从事自己所爱的工作也会使自己的事业更容易成功。乔布斯不仅向学生表达了自己的思想,更引导学生思考自己所热爱的是什么,并鼓励学生去克服困难,把自己所想付诸实践。

第一人称复数和第三人称的使用较少,乔布斯既运用包含式的第一人称复数拉近与学生的距离,使其感同身受,又用排除式的第一人称复数和第三人称体现出演讲的客观性,使演讲更具有说服力。例如:“No one wants to die.Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.And yet death is the destination we all share.”“we”既包含乔布斯自己,也包含现场的每一个人。通过包含式的“we”的使用,乔布斯把学生们和自己置于同一境况下,表明虽然并非每个人都和他一样曾经距离死亡那么近过,但是死亡是每一个人都需要面对的,进而阐述了时间的宝贵性,使学生们感同身受。排除式的“we”和第三人称则主要用于讲述与乔布斯父母或合作伙伴相关的事情,增强了演讲的客观性。

本研究从系统功能语法中的人际功能入手,对乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲进行了语气、情态、人称三方面的人际意义分析。分析发现:在语气方面,乔布斯选择了陈述句为其主要表达方式,并以祈使句和疑问句点缀,以自己的经历激励学生们进行正确的人生选择;在情态动词方面,乔布斯多用中低量值的情态词,使整个演讲平易近人却又不失影响力;而在人称代词的选择上,乔布斯多用第一称单数与第二人称,在表达自己思想的同时引发学生们的思索,获得了很好的演讲效果。由此可见,正确的语言手段的选择有助于实现演讲的人际意义,促进演讲者与观众的互动,从而达到其演讲目的。本研究中人际意义的分析有助于我们更好地欣赏演讲稿,并有助于我们在演讲稿的撰写中通过有意识地选择合适的语言手段实现演讲的人际意义,达到演讲的目的。

摘要：本研究以韩礼德系统功能语法中的人际功能为理论基础,以蒂夫·乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲为文本,从语气系统、情态系统、人称系统三个方面对演讲辞中的人际意义进行分析,旨在揭示演讲者如何通过对语言手段的选择来实现演讲中的人际意义,进而达到其演讲目的,从而为演讲辞的撰写与欣赏提供一定启发。

关键词：演讲辞,人际意义,蒂夫·乔布斯

参考文献

[1]卢卡斯.演讲的艺术[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2009:04.

[2]胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄,李站子.系统功能语言学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2008:74,146.

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇3

每当我想做出重大决定的时候，我都会用自己将不久于人世这个信息来激励斗志。因为当你面对死亡的时候，无论别人对你有多大的期望，你有多么傲人的成绩，又或是你出过多大的丑，都不重要。那时，你真正需要考虑的是那些最重要的事。清楚知道你剩下的日子，你就会明白应该大胆尝试，无论这条路有多难。既然即将失去你最宝贵的生命，那为什么不趁机好好成全一下自己呢?

大约一年前，我被诊断出癌症。早上7点半，我做了一次检查，清楚地显示出胰腺上长了个肿瘤。在那之前，我甚至不知道胰腺是什么东西。医生告诉我这种癌症几乎无法治愈，而我应该只剩下3到6个月的生命。他们建议我回家好好休息并安排好所有事，意思就是说我离死不远了。我需要把自己在未来10年想和孩子们说的话，在这短短几个月里全说完。也意味着我需要把家里的事情交代清楚，不会遗留下麻烦，同时，我也是时候和好友告别了。

傍晚时分，我接受了一次活组织切片检查。他们从喉咙插入内窥镜，通过我的胃进入肠子里，然后在胰腺上扎了一针，取出一些肿瘤细胞。我很冷静，但是当时陪着我的妻子告诉我说，当医生在显微镜下观察细胞时，他们兴奋地尖叫了起来。因为我所患的是一种极罕见的能通过手术治愈的胰腺癌。于是，我做了手术，现在康复了!

这是我与死神离得最近的一次，也希望我这未来几十年里不要再有这样的事发生。经过这次磨难，我可以更加肯定地告诉你们，死亡是一个很有用且很考验人的讯息：没人想死，即使有人认为死后可以上天堂。但其实，死亡是每个人共同的终点。

这就是生命的规律。死亡很可能是生命中最好的发明，它是生命的促变者，它送走老一代，给新一代开出道路。如今，你们就是新的一代，但在不久的将来，你们也会成为老一代，被生命送走。非常抱歉我说的话有点悲观，但这是不争的事实。

我们拥有的时间并不多，所以别把它浪费在别人的生命里。不要被教条束缚，因为那些观念不属于你自己。别让其他人的意见掩盖了你内心的声音，你要有勇气听从你直觉和心灵的指引。因为，只有你才能真正清楚自己的想法，其他人只是起辅助作用。

我小时候曾看过一本有名的读物《整个地球的目录》(《The Whole Earth Catalog》)，这本书可以说是我那一代圣经级的读物。

这本书的作者Stewart Brand，住在离这不远的门洛帕克镇(Menlo Park)。他的生命里充满了诗歌般的写意。当时是60年代末，还没有个人电脑及台式印刷系统。因此，这本书是借助打字机、剪刀及偏光镜完成的。有点像谷歌的平装书，但要比它早35年。这本书充满了幻想色彩，并夹带了许多新奇的事物与想法。

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇4

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼的演讲：Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs， CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios， delivered on June 12， .

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told， I never graduated from college. This is the closest I‘ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.

斯坦福是世界上最好的大学之一，今天能参加各位的毕业仪式，我备感荣幸，我从来没有从大学毕业，说句实话，此时算是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。(笑声)今天，我想告诉你们我生命中的三个故事，并非什么了不得的大事件，只是三个小故事而已。

The first story is about connecting the dots.

第一个故事 关于串起生命中的点点滴滴

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months， but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

退学是我这一生所做出的最准确的决定之一。我在里德大学待了6个月就退学了，但之后仍作为旁听生混了18个月后才终极离开。我为什么要退学呢?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young， unwed college graduate student， and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates， so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents， who were on a waiting list， got a call in the middle of the night asking： “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said： “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

故事要从我出生之前开始说起。我的生母是一名年青的未婚妈妈，当时她仍是一所大学的在读研究生，于是决定把我送给其他人收养。她坚持我应该被一对念过大学的夫妇收养，所以在我出生的时候，她已经为我被一个律师和他的太太收养做好了所有的预备。但在最后一刻，这对夫妇改了主意，决定收养一个女孩。候选名单上的另外一对夫妇，也就是我的.养父母，在一天午夜接到了一通电话：“ 有一个不请自来的男婴，你们想收养吗?” 他们回答：“ 当然想，

” 事后，我的生母才发现我的养母根本就没有从大学毕业，而我的养父甚至连高中都没有毕业，所以她拒绝签署最后的收养文件，直到几个月后，我的养父母保证会把我送到大学，她的立场才有所转变。

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford， and all of my working-class parents‘ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months， I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time， but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn‘t interest me， and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

17 年之后，我真上了大学。但由于少不更事，我选择了一所和斯坦福一样昂贵的大学，(笑声)我的父母都是工人阶级，他们倾其所有资助我的学业。在6个月之后，我发现自己完全不知道这样念下去毕竟有什么用。当时，我的人生漫无目标，也不知道大学对我能起到什么匡助，为了念书，还花光了父母毕生的积蓄，所以我决定退学。我相信车到山前必有路。当时作这个决定的时候非常害怕，但现在回头去看，这是我这一生所做出的最准确的决定之一。(笑声)从我退学那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫无爱好的必修课了，我开始旁听那些看来比较有意思的科目。

It wasn’t all romantic. I didn‘t have a dorm room， so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms， I returned coke bottles for the 5 cent; deposits to buy food with， and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example：

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇5

Steve Jobs’ Outstanding Stanford Commencement Speech in 2005 I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.Truth be told, I never graduated from college.this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.That’s it.No big deal.Just three stories.The first story is about connecting the dots.I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.So why did I drop out? It started before I was born.My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy;do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.She refused to sign the final adoption papers.She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.And 17 years later I did go to college.But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition.After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it.I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.It wasn’t all romantic.I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.I loved it.And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.And we designed it all into the Mac.It was the first computer with beautiful typography.If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward;you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.My second story is about love and loss.I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life.Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.And then I got fired.How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well.But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him.So at 30 I was out.And very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.I really didn’t know what to do for a few months.I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down – that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.I had been rejected, but I was still in love.And so I decided to start over.I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance.And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple.It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.Don’t lose faith.I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.You’ve got to find what you love.And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking.Don’t settle.As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it.And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.So keep looking.Don’t settle.My third story is about death.When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.I didn’t even know what a pancreas was.The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die.It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.It means to say your goodbyes.I lived with that diagnosis all day.Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.I had the surgery and thankfully I’m fine now.This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades.Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die.Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there.And yet death is the destination we all share.No one has ever escaped it.And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life.It is Life’s change agent.It clears out the old to make way for the new.Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking.Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.This was in the late 1960′s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.And I have always wished that for myself.And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.Thank you all very much.

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇6

乔布斯演讲稿乔布斯演讲稿no one wants to die.even people who want to go to heaven don t want to die to get there.and yet death is the destination we all share.no one has ever escaped it.and that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life.it is life s change agent.it clears out the old to make way for the new.right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually bee the old and be cleared away.sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.没有人愿意死, 即使人们想上天堂, 人们也不会为了去那里而死。

但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点。从来没有人能够逃脱它。乔布斯演讲稿也应该如此。因为死亡就是生命中最好的一个发明。它将旧的清除以便给新的让路。你们现在是新的, 但是从现在开始不久以后, 你们将会逐渐的变成旧的然后被清除。我很抱歉这很戏剧性, 但是这十分的真实。your time is limited, so don t waste it living someone else s life.don t be trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other people s thinking.don t let the noise of other s opinions drown out your own inner voice.and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.they somehow already know what you truly want to bee.everything else is secondary.你们的时间很有限, 所以不要将他们浪费在重复其他人的生活上。

不要被教条束缚,那意味着你和其他人思考的结果一起生活。不要被其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心的声

音。还有最重要的是, 你要有勇气去听从你直觉和心灵的指示 它们在某种程度上知道你想要成为什么样子，所有其他的事情都是次要的。when i was young, there was an amazing publication called the whole earth catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.it was created by a fellow named stewart brand not far from here in menlo park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.this was in the late 1960 s, before personal puters and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras.it was sort of like google in paperback form, 35 years before google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.当我年轻的时候, 有一本叫做 整个地球的目录 振聋发聩的杂志，它是我们那一代人的圣经之一。

它是一个叫stewart brand的家伙在离这里不远的menlo park书写的, 他象诗一般神奇地将这本书带到了这个世

界。那是六十年代后期, 在个人电脑出现之前, 所以这本书全部是用打字机,、剪刀还有偏光镜制造的。有点像用软皮包装的google, 在google出现三十五年之前：这是理想主义的，其中有许多灵巧的工具和伟大的想法。stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age.on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might findyourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.beneath it were the words: stay hungry.stay foolish.it was their farewell message as they signed off.stay hungry.stay foolish.and i have always wished that for myself.and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for 和他的伙伴出版了几期的 整个地球的目录 ,当它完成了自己使命的时候, 他们做出了最后一期的

目录。

那是在七十年代的中期, 你们的时代。在最后一期的封底上是清晨乡村公路的照片，在照片之下有这样一段话：保持饥饿,保持愚蠢。这是他们停止了发刊的告别语。保持饥饿,保持愚蠢。我总是希望自己能够那样,现在, 在你们即将毕业，开始新的旅程的时候, 我也希望你们能这样：stay hungry.stay foolish.保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。thank you all very much.非常感谢你们。第二篇：乔布斯演讲稿this program is brought to you by stanford on itunes u at stanford university, please visit us at jobsceo, apple and pixar animationthank m honored to be with you today for your mencement from one of the finest university in the to told, i never graduated from college, and this is the closest i ve ever gotten to a college , i want to tell you three stories from my life.that s it.no big deal.just three first story is about connecting the dots.i dropped out of

reed college after the first six months, but then stay around as a drop-in for another eighteen months also before i really quit.so why did i drop out? it started before i was born.my biological mother was a young unwed graduate student and she decided to put me up for adoption.she felt very strongly that i should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except when i popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.so my parents, who were on a waiting list got a call in the middle of the night asking, we ve got an unexpected baby boy.do you want him? they said, of course.my biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and my father had never graduated from high school.she refused to sign the final adoption papers.she only relented a few months later when

my parents promised that i would go to college.this was the start in my life.and seventeen years later, i did go to college, but i naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as stanford and all of my working-class parent s savings were being spent on my college tuition.after six months i couldn t see the value in it.i have no idea what i want to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.and here i was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life, so i decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out ok.it was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions i ever made.the minute i dropped out i could stop taking the required classes that didn t interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.it wasn t all romantic, i didn t have a dorm room, so i slept on the floor in friends

rooms.i returned coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with and i would work the seven miles across the town every sunday night to get one good meal a week at the hare krishna temple.i loved it.and much of what i stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.let me give you one example.reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.throughout the campus every poster every label on every drawer was beautiful hand i have dropped out and didn t have to take the normal classes.i decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.i learned about serif and san-serif typefaces about varying the amount of space between different letter binations, about what makes great typography was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can t capture, and i found

it fascinating.none of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.but ten years later, when we were designing the first macintosh puter, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the mac.it was the firstputer with beautiful typography.if i had never dropped in on that single course in college, the mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally space fonts, and since windows copied the mac, it s likely that no personal puter would have i had never dropped out, i would never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals puter might not have the wonderful typography that they do.of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when i was in college, but it was very very clear looking backwards 10 years later.again, you can t connect the dots looking forward, you can only connect them looking backwards.so you have to trust that the

dots will somehow connect in your future.you have to trust in something, you gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever, because believing that the dots will connect down the road, will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well worn path.and that would make all the second story is about love and loss.i was lucky, i found what i loved to do early in life, woz and i started apple in my parents garage when i was worked hard and in ten years, apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage in to a $2 billion pany with over 4000 employees.we just released our finest creation, he macintosh, a year earlier, and i d just turned thirty, and then i got fired.how can you get fired from a pany you started?well, as apple grew, we hired someone who i thought was very talented to run the pany with me, and for the first year or so, things went well.but when our visions of the

future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.when we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at thirty, i was out, and very publicly out.what had been the focus of my entire adult life gone, and it was devastating.i really didn t know what to do for a few months, i felt that i had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that i had dropped he baton as it was being passed to me.i met with david packard and bob noyce, and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.i was a very public failure and i even thought about running away the valley.but something slowly began to dawn on me, i still loved what i did.the turn of events at apple had not changed that one bit, i d been rejected but i was still in love.and so i decided to start over.i didn t see that then , but it turned out that getting fired from apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.the happiness

of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.it freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life.during the next five years, i started a pany named next, another pany named pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would became my wife.pixar went on to create the world s first puter-aninated feature film toy story , and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.in a remarkable turn of events, apple bought next, and i returned to apple, and the technology we developed at next is at the heart of apple s current renaissance, and lorene and i have a wonderful family together.i am pretty sure none of this world have happened if i hadn t been fired from apple.it was awful-tasting medicine, but i guess the patient needed it.sometime life s going to hit you in the head with a brick, don t lose faith.i convinced that the

only thing that kept me going was that i loved what i did.you ve got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers.your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.if you haven t found it yet, keep looking and don t settle.as with all matters of the heart, you ll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on.so keep looking, don t third story is about death.when i was seventeen, i read a quote that went something like ifyou live each day as if it was your last , someday you ll most certainly be right.it made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, i have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself if today were the last day of my life, would i want to do what i am

about to do today? and whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row, i know i need to change something.remembering that i ll be dead soon is the most important thing i ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.because almost everything, all external expectation, all pride, all fear of embarrassment of failure, these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.remembering what you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already is no reason not to follow your heart.about a year ago, i was diagnosed with cancer, i had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly shower a tumor my pancreas, i didn t even know what a pancreas was, the doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that i should expect to live no longer than three

to six months.my doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors code for prepare to die.it means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you d have the next ten years to tell them in just a few months.it means to make sure that everything is buttoned up, so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.it means to say your goodbyes.i lived with that diagnosis all day.later that evening i had a biopsy, where they stuck on endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.i was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer, that is curable with surgery, i had the surgery and , thankfully , i am fine now.this was the closest i ve been to facing death, and i

hope it s the closest i get for a few more decades.having lived through it, i can now say this to you with a bit more certainly than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept, no one wants to die, even people who want to go to heaven, don t want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share, no one has ever escaped it, and that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life, it s life s change agent, it clear out the old and make way for the new.right now, the new is you.but someday, not too long from now, you will gradually bee the old, and be cleared away, sorry to be so dramatic, but it s quite true.your time is limited, so don t waste it living someone else s life.don t be trapped by dogma which is living with the results of other people s thinking.don t let the noise of others opinions drawn out your owner inner voice.and most important is

have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.they somehow already know what you truly want to bee, everything else is secondary.when i was young, there was amazing publication called the whole earth catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation.it was created by a fellow named stuart brand not far from here in menlo park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch, this was in the late sixties, before personal puters and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras, it was sort of like google in paperback form, thirty-five years before google came along, it was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great motions, stuart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalogue, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue, it was the mid-seventies, and i was your age.on the back cover of their final issue, was a

乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼演讲稿 篇7

只上6个月大学就退学为什么还能成功？被自己创办的公司开除为什么没被击垮？经历死去活来之后对人生又会有何改变？我荣幸地在世界上最好的大学的毕业典礼上讲话，但是我从来没大学毕业。我只上了6个月的学就休学了。说实话，只有这次才是我几十年来离大学毕业最接近的一次。

今天，我只说三个故事，不谈大道理。

人生成功，在于“系统整合”

人生的成就是善于把点点滴滴的事情串联起来思考。我为什么不等大学毕业？这要从头说起。

17岁时，我上大学了。但是我无知地选了一所学费几乎跟斯坦福一样贵的大学。六个月后，我看不出念这个书有多大价值，也不知道念这个大学能对我有什么帮助。而且我为了念这个书，最后会花光父母这辈子的所有积蓄。所以我决定休学，相信船到桥头自然直。当时这个决定看来相当荒唐，可是现在看来，那是我这辈子做过的最好的决定。

我的肄业生活一点也不浪漫。我完全靠着捡可乐瓶子过活。每个星期天晚上就得走七里的路绕过大半个镇去印度教的神庙吃顿好饭。但我不断地追寻我的好奇与直觉，去关心外界的事物，后来这些都成了无价之宝。举例来说，当时里德学院有着全美国最好的书法大师，在整个校园内的每一张海报上，以至每个抽屉的标签都是大师们美丽的手写字。因为我休学了，没有什么课程能上，于是我就跑去学书法。书法的美感、历史感与艺术感是科学所无法捕捉的，我觉得它很迷人。

我没预期过学的这些东西能在我生活中起些什么实际作用。不过十年后，当我在设计第一台麦金托什电脑时，我想起了当时所学的东西，所以把这些东西都设计进了麦金托什电脑里，这是第一台能印刷出漂亮文字的计算机。如果我沉溺于课本里，麦金托什电脑可能就不会有多重字体跟变间距字体了。

在学校里你是不可能预先把点点滴滴学到的东西串在一起的，惟有未来再回顾时，你才会明白那些点点滴滴是如何串在一起的。

所以你得相信，你现在所体悟到的一点一滴的东西，将来会连接在一块。你得信任这些零零碎碎的东西，直觉也好，命运也好，生命也好。总之，是它让我的人生不同于别人。

反败为胜，在于执着去爱

我很幸运能在年轻时就发现自己爱做什么事。我20岁时，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸妈的车库里开始了苹果计算机的事业。我们拼命工作，苹果计算机在十年间从一间车库里的两个小伙子扩展成了一家员工超过4000人、市价20亿美金的公司。在那之前一年我们推出了最棒的作品：麦金托什电脑，而我才刚迈入人生的第30个年头。但不幸的是，我被炒了鱿鱼。

自己创办的公司怎么会炒自己鱿鱼？

事情是这样的：当苹果计算机成长之后，我请了一个我以为在经营公司上很有才干的家伙来，他在头几年也确实干得不错。可是因为我们对未来的愿景和追求不同，很不幸，最后只好分道扬镳。但董事会站在他那边，公开炒了我鱿鱼。就这样，曾经是我整个成年生活重心的东西一夜就不见了，令我一时愕然，走投无路。

随后几个月，我实在不知道要干什么好。我成为了公众面前一个非常负面的示范。我甚至想要离开硅谷。但是渐渐地，我发现：我还是喜爱着我做过的工作，苹果事件的经历丝毫没有改变我热爱的事业。我被人家否定了，但是我一直爱着的事业没有否定我，所以我决定一切从头开始。

怎么也想不到，当时我认为最倒霉的事情——被苹果计算机开除，现在看来是我所经历过最好的，也是最幸运的事情。失落的沉重心情被从头做起的轻松感所取代，一切对我都不是约束，让我自由进入这一辈子最有创意的年代。

接下来五年，我开了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又开了一家叫做Pixar的公司，我跟它们谈起了“恋爱”。Pixar接着制作了世界上第一部全计算机动画电影：《玩具总动员》，现在已是世界上最成功的动画制作公司。然后，它们阴差阳错地让苹果计算机买下了，我又回到了苹果。我们在NeXT发展的技术居然成了苹果计算机后来复兴的核心。在事业如日中天之时，我也有了个美妙的家庭。

我敢肯定，如果当年苹果计算机没开除我，就不会发生这些事情。这副药虽然很苦，可是它成为苹果计算机这个“病人”起死回生的神药。有时候，人生会遇到别人用砖头打你的头，但你不要丧失信心。我确信，只要爱我所做的事情，未来就会是美好的，关键在于你能找出你爱的事业。

工作将填满你的大半人生，惟一获得真正满足的方法，就是做你相信是伟大的工作，而惟一做伟大工作的方法，是爱你所做的工作。如果你还没找到这些事，继续找，别停顿。尽你全心全力，你知道你一定会找到。

死而无憾，在于以我为主

我的第三个故事，关于死亡。

当我17岁时，我读到一则格言，终生不忘。这句格言是：“把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会轻松自在。”这句话影响了我一辈子。在过去33年里，我每天早上都会照镜子，自问：“如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要干些什么？”每当我连续多天都是一个“没事做”的答案时，我就知道我必须下决心变革了。

提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中下重大决定时，所用过最重要的“工具”。在面对死亡时，几乎每一件事，包括所有期望、所有名誉、所有困窘或失败的恐惧，都一下子消失了，只有最重要的东西才会留下。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入“自己有东西要失去”这一陷阱最好的方法。人生不带来，死不带去，没什么道理不去做顺心而为的事。

一年前，我被诊断出癌症。我做断层扫描时，在胰脏上清晰地看到一个肿瘤。在这之前，我连胰脏是什么都不知道。医生告诉我，那几乎可以确定是一种不治之症，我大概活不到三到六个月了。医生建议我回家，好好跟亲人们聚一聚。这是医生对临终病人的标准建议。这话表示，让我在这几个月内把我几十年想要讲的话都讲完。同时，也表示让我把要做的重要事情安排妥当，让家人尽量轻松些。总之，我要跟家人说再见了！

那天晚上，我做了一次切片，从喉咙伸入一个内视镜，从胃进肠子，插了根针进胰脏，取了一些肿瘤细胞出来。他们给我打了麻醉剂，不醒人事，但是我妻子在场。她后来跟我说：当医生们用显微镜看过那些细胞后，大夫和护士都哭了！因为那是非常少见的一种可以用手术治好的胰脏癌！我接受了手术，康复了。

这是我最接近死亡的一次经历，希望这是最后一次。经历此事之后，我感觉比以前对死亡的抽象理解深刻多了。我现在告诉你们我对死亡的认识：

没有人想死。即使是那些想上天堂的人，也想活着上天堂。但是死亡是每个人最终的结局，没有人逃得过。这是注定的结果，因为死亡是人生最棒的发明，是生命转化的媒介。