父亲节英文祝福语(中英文对照)

父亲节英文祝福语(中英文对照)（精选11篇）

父亲节英文祝福语(中英文对照) 篇1

教师节祝福语大全(中英文对照)

中英文：教师节祝福语大全

中英文：20教师节祝福语大全

This small gift is only a tiny token of our gratefulness. We all want to thank you.

这件小小的礼物略表我们的感激之情。我们大家都很感谢您。

I am truly grateful to you for what you have done.

我深深地感激您所做的一切。

Dear teacher, thank you for illuminating my voyage of life with your own light of life. My grateful sentiments come from the bottom of my heart.

老师，感谢您用自己的生命之光，照亮了我人生的旅途，对您我满怀感谢之情。

It is the most appropriate time to show you our thanks.

现在是向您表达感激之情最为恰当的时刻。

You are like a third parent. We all love you and respect you.

您就像我们的家长，我们都敬爱您。

We all like having you as our teacher. You have our respect and gratefulness.

我们喜欢您做我们的老师，我们尊敬您、感激您。

This is Teachers’Day and a time to be grateful to all teachers. This profession deserves the special recognition and respect. There is no more appropriate time than this to honour you and others in your chosen field. You have my eternal gratefulness. H

We are more thankful than we can express.

对您的谢意，我们无法用语言来表达。

You have been a qualified teachers and even better friend. Thank you for all that you have done.

您不仅是一位合格的.教师，更是一位好朋友，谢谢您所做的一切。

Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.

教育不是灌满一桶水，而是点燃一团生命的火焰。

The man who can make hard things easy is the educator.

能使艰难之事变得容易的人是教育者。

Send you our everlasting feeling of gratefulness and thankfulness on this special day.

在这特别的日子谨向您致以我们永恒的感激之情。

A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.

一个教师对人的影响是永恒的。

The whole secret of the teacher’s force lies in the conviction that men are convertible.

教师力量的全部秘密，就在于深信人是可以改变的。

No one deserves a bigger thank you than you. One day is hardly enough to show our gratitude.

没有人比您更值得如此深厚的谢意。仅这一天远不足以表达我们对您的感激之情。

父亲节英文祝福语(中英文对照) 篇2

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国外机场指示牌中英文对照 篇3

机场费 airport fee 出站

国际机场 international airport

国内机场 domestic airport

机场候机楼 airport terminal

国际候机楼 international terminal

国际航班出港 international departure

国内航班出站 domestic departure

卫星楼 satellite

入口 in

出口 exit; out; way out

进站(进港、到达）arrivals

不需报关 nothing to declare

海关 customs

登机口 gate; departure gate

候机室 departure lounge

航班号 FLT No flight number

来自…… arriving from

预计时间 scheduled time (SCHED)

实际时间 actual

已降落 landed

前往…… departure to0

起飞时间 departure time

延误 delayed

登机 boarding

餐厅 restaurant

由此上楼 up; upstairs

由此下楼 down;downstairs

银行 bank

订旅馆 hotel reservation

行李暂存箱 luggage locker

出港、离开 departures

登机手续办理 check-in

登机牌 boarding pass (card)

护照检查处 passport control immigration

行李领取处 luggage claim; baggage claim

国际航班旅客 international passengers

中转 transfers

中转旅客 transfer passengers

中转处 transfer correspondence

过境 transit

报关物品 goods to declare

贵宾室 V. I. P. room

購票处 ticket office

付款处 cash

出租车 taxi

出租车乘车点Taxipick-up point

大轿车乘车点coachpick-up point

航空公司汽车服务处airline coach

租车处(旅客自己驾车)car hire

公共汽车 bus; coach service

公用电话 public phone; telephone

厕所 toilet; lavatories; rest room

男厕 men‘s; gent‘s; gentlemen‘s

女厕 women‘s; lady‘s

迎宾处 greeting arriving

咖啡馆 coffee shop; cafe

免税店 duty-free shop?

邮局 post office

旅行安排 tour arrangement

父亲节英文祝福语 篇4

1、on this special day, i want to say i‘m proud of you,appreciate all you‘ve done for me and i love you.

在这特别的一天，我想说我为您感到骄傲，爸爸，谢谢您为我做的一切，我爱你。

2、you‘ve been father, friend, adviser, all of these and more.

您不仅是我的父亲，您还是我的朋友，顾问甚至更多。

3、words can‘t tell how much you mean to us.we wish you happiness on this special day.

我们无法用言语描述您对我们是多么重要，在这特别的`一天，我们祝您父亲节快乐!

4、over the years we have had our differences, but i always love you.

这些年来，虽然我们常有意见不合的地方，但我一直敬爱着您。

5、thanks for holding my hand when i needed it.

谢谢您在我需要的时候伸出援助之手。

6、happy father‘s day to an extraordinary father!i love you so much!

祝我独一无二的老爸父亲节快乐，我非常爱您!

7、i owe all of my skills of fatherhood to you dad. happy father‘s day.

爸爸，我所有的为父之道都来自于您的恩赐。祝您父亲节快乐。

8、i didn‘t realize that being a father would be so difficult. it makes me appreci ate you all the more.

我不知道做一个父亲竟然会这样不容易。这使我更加感激您。

9、now that i am a father, i can see what a good job you did in raising us.

现在我已身为人父。我才知道，您在养育我们时，做得多么好。

10、i didn‘t see what a good father you were to us before, but i do now.

我以前不知道您是一个多么好的父亲，但是现在我知道了。

11、i hope you know how proud i am of you, father.happy father‘s day! happiness always!

爸爸，我希望您能知道我是多么为您感到自豪啊，祝您父亲节快乐，永远快乐!

父亲节祝福语英文版 篇5

爸：为了儿的人生您辛苦了大半辈子！今天是您的节日，儿想对您说：谢谢您，我最亲最爱的爸！

2、Dad： for the son you were laborious spent our life！！！！！！！ Today is you of festival， son want to say to you： thank you， my dearest love dad！

爸爸，今天是父亲节，节日快乐哦。虽然，有时很凶，但是知道你爱我吗？这里祝你快乐，健康！

3、Dad， today is father＇s day， festival happiness， oh. Although， sometimes very fierce， but know that you love me？ Here I wish you a happy， healthy！

也许我总令您操心，惹您生气，但在今天——在父亲节之际，让我对您说：爸爸，其实我很爱您！

4、Maybe I always make you worry， make you angry， but today - in the father＇s day， let me say to you： dad， I love you！

父爱，伟岸如青山；圣洁如冰雪；温暖如娇阳；宽广如江海！老爸，父亲节快乐！永远爱您的女儿！

5、A father， to the invasion as castle peak； Holy like ice and snow； Warm like jiao Yang. Broad such as jianghai！ Dad， happy father＇s day！ Always love your daughter！

每当想起您我就无比的自豪，您时刻在激励我不时奋进。这个特殊的节日里我祝福您，父亲节快乐！

6、When I think about you I would be very proud， you always inspired me in from time to time. In this special holiday I bless you， happy father＇s day！

爸爸，您总是用最平淡最朴素方式去表达您的爱，但您的爱却足够我享用一辈子。祝您父亲节快乐！

7、Dad， you are always in the most is the most simple way to express your love， but I forever love you is enough. I wish you a happy father＇s day！

爸爸，我从没有羡慕过别人的锦衣玉食，因为您给予我的已经足够足够，我为有您这样的父亲而自豪。

8、Dad， I never envy other people＇s extravagant life， because you have given me enough is enough， I am proud to have a dad like you.

一个老男人，居然让我爱得那么坚决、久远、纯粹、无私温暖、深沉、依赖和崇敬！永远爱你，老爸！

9、An old man， let me love so resolutely， long， pure， selfless warm， dark， dependence and devotion！ Always love you， dad！

每当想起您我就无比的自豪，是您时刻在激励我不断奋进。在这个特殊的节日里我祝福您，父亲节快乐！

10、Dad whenever you are my crutch，give me support，give me the direction，gave me strength，let I can walk good future each section of the road.

爸爸，您总是关怀着我，鼓励着我，引导着我！我希望您长命百岁，快乐安康。祝您父亲节快乐！

11、Days maturity， wild boundless hope too slim today； Boundless， building high people can walk with you tonight to rob the bank？ Joint sign： happy father＇s day！

男人：怀念朋友是呼吸，自然而轻松；思念情人是品酒，浓郁而短促；追想父亲却是喝茶，绵长又深厚。

12、Man： miss friend is breathing， natural and relaxed； Miss my lover is a wine tasting， strong and short； Remember my father is a cup of tea， a long and deep.

掌心留存你的温暖，血管流淌你的激情，脸庞再现你的青春，眼神继承你的刚毅。唉，活该我是你儿子！

13、Palms retained your warm， flowing blood vessels your passion， and reproduce your youth face， eyes inherit your bravery. Alas， what a suck I am your son！

亲爱的父亲，祝您节日快乐！欢乐就是健康。假如我的祝福能为您带来健康的源泉，我愿日夜为您祈祷。

14、Dear father， I wish you a happy holiday！ Cheerfulness is health. If the source of my blessing can bring health for you， I will pray for you day and night.

您是一棵大树，春天倚着您幻想，夏天倚着你繁茂，秋天倚着您成熟，冬天倚着您沉思。爸爸！节日快乐！

15、You are a big tree， you spring dreams， summer leaning against you lush， you mature， autumn winter leaning against your meditation. Dad！ A happy holiday！

16、一年又一年，风风雨雨。您为了我们呕心沥血，请接受我们对您深深感谢和炙热的爱。

Year after year， ups and downs. You to us， please accept our deeply thanks to you and the hot love.

17、我在你的爱中成长，如今我长大了要用更多的爱来回报你，我最最亲爱的老爸，快乐！

I grow in your love， but now I grow up to use more love to return you， I the most dear old dad， happy！

18、愿天下所有的父亲都能够真正的珍爱天下所有的母亲，成为她们相互支撑的一个臂膀。

Wish all fathers can truly cherish all the mother， become an arms they support each other.

19、每当想起你我就无比的自豪。在这个特殊的节日里我祝福你！父亲我爱你！祝父亲快乐！

Whenever I think of you I am very proud. In this special day I wish you well！ Father， I love you！ I wish a happy father！

20、千里之外，每当我步履沉重时，我总能想起您目光的力量，而前行。爸爸，父亲节快乐！

Thousands of miles away， when I was heavy， I can always think of you the power of the eye， and move on. Dad， happy father＇s day！

21、您是一棵大树，春天倚着您幻想，夏天倚着你繁茂，秋天倚着您成熟，冬天倚着您沉思。

You are a big tree， you spring dreams， summer leaning against you lush， you mature， autumn winter leaning against your meditation.

22、父亲时时都有许多方法逗我开心，父亲总是最关心我的一个，父亲我爱你！祝父亲快乐！

Father always has many ways to make me happy， my father is always one of the most care about me， father， I love you！ I wish a happy father！

23、岁月的流逝能使皮肤逐日布满道道皱纹，我心目中的您，是永远年轻的父亲。父亲节快乐！

Years can make the skin day is full of behing wrinkles， of you， in my mind is always young father. Happy father＇s day！

24、爸爸，妈妈祝你们身体永远健康，天天快乐女儿对爸爸，妈妈的感激是无法言语的，谢谢！

My father， mother， I wish you good health forever happy day daughter for dad， mom＇s gratitude is beyond words， thank you！

25、每当想起你我就无比得自豪，是你时刻在激励我不断奋进。在这个特殊的节日里我祝福你！

老爸，你不仅是家中的经济支柱，也是我们的精神支柱，你是最好的爸爸，祝父亲节快乐！

26、Dad， you are not only economic pillar in the home， also is our spiritual pillar， you are the best dad， happy father＇s day！

爸爸，您在我眼中总是无所不能，再难的事到您面前，都可以解决。您是我心目中的英雄。

27、Dad， you always can do anything in my eyes， it is difficult to imagine the things to you， can be solved. You are my hero.

一个老男人，居然让我爱得那么坚决久远纯粹无私温暖深沉依赖和崇敬！永远爱你，老爸！

28、An old man， let me love so resolutely old pure unselfish warmth deep dependence and devotion！ Always love you， dad！

每当想起你我就无比的自豪，是你时刻在激励我不断奋进。在这个特殊的节日里我祝福你！

29、Whenever I think of you I am very proud， is your time in motivating me to forge ahead. In this special day I wish you well！

父爱如山，爸爸，您是我背后最坚强的臂膀，我爱您！世界上再也没有比亲人的爱更珍贵了。

30、Behind the father， however， dad， you are my most strong arms， I love you！ Don＇t get much more precious than family love in the world.

爸爸，是您让我拥有了更广阔的天空，是您让我看得更高，更远。谢谢您，爸爸！节日快乐！

31、Dad， is you let me have a broader the sky， is you let me see higher and further. Thank you， dad！ A happy holiday！

一年一度您的日子，在没有我在身边的时候希望也能快快乐乐过每一分每一秒。老爸，辛苦了！

32、Your annual day， without having me around hope can be happy every minute and second. Dad， was laborious！

爸爸，您的教诲孩儿铭记在心，我知道错了，今天是父亲节，您就原谅我吧，祝您父亲节快乐！

33、Dad， child remember your teachings， I know I was wrong， today is father＇s day， you will forgive me， I wish you a happy father＇s day！

爸爸的教诲像一盏灯，为我照亮前程；爸爸的关怀像一把伞，为我遮蔽风雨。祝您父亲节快乐！

34、Dad＇s teacher like a lamp， illuminate the future for me； Father＇s care as an umbrella for my shelter. I wish you a happy father＇s day！

父亲节英文版的祝福语 篇6

恭贺父亲节!

Happy Father’s Day to you.

祝您父亲节快乐!

May all your wishes come true.

愿您美梦成真!

Thanks for holding my hand when I need it.

谢谢您在我需要的时候握紧我的手。

Wish beloved father good health, great happiness and good luck in everything on the coming Father’s Day.

在父亲节来临之际，祝愿敬爱的父亲身体健康，节日快乐，万事如意!

With warm wishes for Father’s Day.

时值父亲节，致以最真挚的祝福!

Wish you a happy Father’s Day and the best of everything.

祝您父亲节快乐!万事如意!

父亲节快乐，亲爱的爸爸，谢谢您为我所做的一切!

Your experience and guidance have always been appreciated.

您的经历和引导，一直让我衷心感激。

Your eyes show sternness, but more kindness and care. Thank you for making me feel important.

母亲节英文祝福语 篇7

Today is your day to relax and let us take care of you. Happy Mother’s Day.

今天是您休息的日子，让我们来照顾您。母亲节快乐。

Roses are red, violets are blue. This card on Mother’s Day is especially for you.

玫瑰是红色的，紫罗兰是蓝色的。这张母亲卡是特别给您的。

You are the best mom that a son ever had.

您是儿子心中最好的妈妈。( 母亲节短信 )

To the world’s number one mom!

给世界上最好的妈妈!

We may not be angels all of the time, but we do appreciate what you do.

我们也许不是一直都像天使那样乖巧，但我们确实感谢您的.教诲。

Thanks for being there, mom. Happy Mothers Day.

谢谢您不断地扶持我。祝您母亲节快乐。

This card comes from the whole family. Happy Mothers Day.

这张卡片是我们全家合送的。祝您母亲节快乐。

We will try to make this your best Mothers Day ever.

我们将努力使今天成为您过得最愉快的母亲节。

On this day we honor you, dear mother.

亲爱的妈妈，我们向您致敬。

Where would we be without you, mom?

妈妈，没有您我们将流落何方呢?

On this day we all sit back and think about how much our mothers do for us.

在这一天，我们将会抽空休息一下，想想妈妈们帮我们做了多少事。

Ive tried many times to tell you, but Ill say it again: I love you mother.

我已经告诉您许多次了，但是我将再说一次：我爱您，妈妈。

Though it is hard to tell you sometimes, I do love you dearly, mom.

虽然有时要告诉您并不太容易，但是我真的非常爱您，妈妈。

I may not often say it, but I do love you.

我也许并不常挂在嘴上，但我真正爱您。

There are little things that I should have said and done to show my gratitude, but it is appreciated what you do.

尽管我为表示谢意所说的和所做的都那么少，但同样也是表达对您所做一切的感激之情。

I dont take the time to tell you this often, but I love you, mom.

虽然我经常没有时间告诉您，但我真的爱您，妈妈。

Sometimes I cry and make you sigh, but you know that I love you so.

有时候我哭泣而使您叹息，但您却知道，我是如此地爱您。

To mother on Mothers Day: Thank you for all of the wonderful things that you h ave done for me.

母亲节给妈妈：谢谢您为我做了那么多奇妙的事。

This card is from all of us. It may not be the greatest, but its from the heart.

这张卡片是我们合送的。它也许不是最棒的，但却是出自内心的。

Mother, I just want to let you know that you are always in my thoughts.

母亲节贺卡英文祝福语 篇8

尽管我为表示谢意所说的和所做的都那么少，但同样也是表达对您所做一切的感激之情。

I dont take the time to tell you this often,but I love you,mom.

虽然我经常没有时间告诉您，但我真的爱您，妈妈。

Sometimes I cry and make you sigh,but you know that I love you so.

有时候我哭泣而使您叹息，但您却知道，我是如此地爱您。

To mother on Mothers Day: Thank you for all of the wonderful things that you h ave done for me.

母亲节给妈妈：谢谢您为我做了那么多奇妙的事。

Mom,thank you for being you.

妈妈，谢谢您的一切。

You are the one that we love the most. Have a happy Mothers Day.

您是我们最爱的人。祝您有一个快乐的母亲节。

Mom,today you are not to move a muscle. We are all at your beck and call.

妈,今天您连动也不用动一下。我们全体都听您指挥。

Ive tried many times to tell you,but Ill say it again: I love you mother.

我已经告诉您许多次了，但是我将再说一次：我爱您，妈妈。

Where would we be without you,mom?

母亲节的温馨英文祝福语 篇9

轻轻一声问安，将我心中的祝福化作阳光般的.温暖，永恒地留在您眼中、您心中。

2、Mom,I once was a little bird by your side,enjoyed your love and care,and today I send you fragrant flowers.

妈妈，我曾是您身边的一只备受关怀的小鸟，今天它为您衔来了一束芬芳的鲜花。

3、Mom is always the best in the world!If there were not heaven,there wouldnt be earth.If there were not you,there wouldnt be me!Thank you so much for bringing me everything!

世上只有妈妈好，没有天就没有地，没有您就没有我，谢谢您给我带来的一切一切。

4、Mom,I love you,because you gave me life and brought me up.

妈妈，您是给我以生命并抚育我成长的土地，我深深地爱着您。

5、Though it is hard to tell you sometimes,I do love you dearly,mom.

虽然有时要告诉您并不太容易，但是我真的非常爱您，妈妈。

6、This card comes from the whole family.Happy Mothers Day.

这张卡片是我们全家合送的。祝您母亲节快乐。

7、Roses are red,violets are blue.This card on Mothers Day is especially for you.

玫瑰是红色的，紫罗兰是蓝色的。这张母亲卡是特别给您的。

8、There are little things that I should have said and done to show my gratitude,but it is appreciated what you do.

尽管我为表示谢意所说的和所做的都那么少，但同样也是表达对您所做一切的感激之情。

9、Thank you for everything over the years,mom.

妈妈，谢谢您这些年来所做的一切。

10、Today is your day to relax and let us take care of you.Happy Mothers Day.

今天是您休息的日子，让我们来照顾您。母亲节快乐。

11、On this day we honor you,dear mother.

亲爱的妈妈，我们向您致敬。

12、This is the day that we appreciate all the things that moms do for us.Thank you.

在这个日子里，我们感谢妈妈为我们所做的一切。谢谢您。

13、We will try to make this your best Mothers Day ever.

我们将努力使今天成为您过得最愉快的母亲节。

14、We may not be angels all of the time,but we do appreciate what you do.

我们也许不是一直都像天使那样乖巧，但我们确实感谢您的教诲。

15、To the worlds number one mom!

给世界上最好的妈妈!

16、Take good care of yourself.We all love you,mom.

请好好地照顾自己。我们都爱您，妈妈。

17、There may be moms all over the world,but youre the only one that matters to me.

全世界也许到处都有妈妈，但您是我惟一最在意的。

18、I dont take the time to tell you this often,but I love you,mom.

虽然我经常没有时间告诉您，但我真的爱您，妈妈。

19、Sometimes it may not seem like it,but I really do love you.

有时候好像不是这样，但是我真的爱您。

20、Mom,I cant send you a bunch of Carnation cause Im not by your side,but I hope this text-message can tell my greeting.May you can be healthy and happy forever!

母亲节最温馨的英文祝福语 篇10

世上只有妈妈好，没有天就没有地，没有您就没有我，谢谢您给我带来的一切一切。

you did such a sacrifice to give birth to a lovely me, despite losing your attractive figure. mom. you are so great!

您不惜牺牲了您苗条的身材，孕育了一个如此可爱的我，妈妈，您真的很伟大!

I once didn’t cherish your careful instruction, only when you are not with me, I realize you are so valuable to me. mom, I hope you forget my rudeness, and you can be happy and peaceful everyday!

你善意的谆谆叮嘱，我曾不懂珍惜，一旦你不在我身边，我才晓得你对我的可贵。妈妈，希望你大人不记小人过，平安快乐每一天。

no matter how many grey hairs you have because of your hard-working year after year, you are the most beautiful and forever young in my heart! mom, wish you remain young and happy!

辛劳一辈子的您虽已银发如雪，可您在我心目中仍是那么的青春靓丽!妈妈，祝您永远年轻快乐!

诗情画意版：

my soft greeting, bringing my best wish to you. it is like the warm sunshine, filling your eyes and your heart!

轻轻一声问安，将我心中的祝福化作阳光般的温暖，永恒地留在您眼中、您心中。

my happy childhood is in your rough hands and my growing course is in your grey hair.

I miss you, mom, especially on this day!

中英文对照 篇11

随着人们对低油耗、低废气排放、发动机低噪声的需求越来越大，对发动机和燃油喷射系统的要求也越来也高。对柴油发动机燃油喷射系统提出的要求也在不断增加。更高的压力、更快的开关时间，以及根据发动机工况修订的可变的流量速率曲线，已经使得柴油发动机具有良好的经济性、低污染、高动力性，因此柴油发动机甚至进入了豪华高性能轿车领域。达到这些需求的前提是拥有一个可以精确雾化燃油并具有高喷油压力的燃油喷射系统。同时，喷油量必须精确计算，燃油流量速率曲线必须有精确的计算模型，预喷射和二次喷射必须能够完成。一个可以达到以上需求的系统即共轨燃油喷射系统。

共轨系统包括以下几个主要的部分： ①低压部分，包含燃油共轨系统组件。

②高压系统，包含高压泵、油轨、喷油器和高压油管等组件。

电控柴油机系统EDC主要由系统模块，如传感器、电子控制单元和执行机构组成。共轨系统的主要部分即喷油器。它们拥有一个可以快速开关喷嘴的执行阀(电磁阀或压电触发器)，这就允许对每个气缸的喷射进行控制。

所有的喷油器都由一个共同的油轨提供燃油，这就是“共轨”的由来。在共轨燃油喷射系统中，燃油喷射和压力的产生是分开的。喷油压力的产生与发动机转速和喷油量无关。EDC控制每个组件。

(1)压力产生。

燃油喷射和压力的产生是通过蓄能器分离开来。将具有压力的燃油提供给为喷射做好准备的共轨系统的蓄能器。

由发动机驱动的连续运转的高压泵提供所需喷油的压力。无论发动机的转速高低，还是燃油喷射量的多少，油轨中的压力均维持在一定值。由于几乎一致的喷油方式，高压泵的设计可以小的多，而且它的驱动转矩可以比传统燃油喷射系统低，这源于高压泵的负载很小。

高压泵是径向活塞泵，在商用车上有时会使用内嵌式喷油泵。(2)压力控制

所应用的压力控制方法主要取决于系统。

一种控制油轨压力的方式是通过一个压力控制阀对高压侧进行控制。不需喷射的燃油通过压力控制阀流回到低压回路。这种控制回路允许油轨压力对不同工况(如负载变化时)迅速做出反应。

在第一批共轨系统中采用了对高压侧的控制。压力控制阀安装在燃油轨道上更可取，但是在一些应用中，它被直接安装在高压泵中。

另一种控制轨道压力的方式是进口端控制燃油供给。安装在高压泵的法兰上的计量单元保证了泵提供给油轨精确的燃油量，以维持系统所需要的喷油压力。

发生故障时，压力安全阀防止油轨压力超过最大值。

在进口端对燃油供给的控制减少了高压燃油的用量，降低了泵的输入功率。这对燃油消耗起到积极的作用。同时，流回油箱的燃油温度与传统高压侧控制的方法相比得到了降低。

双执行器系统也是一种控制轨道压力的方式，它通过计算单元对压力进行控制，并且通过压力控制阀对高压端进行控制，因此同时具备高压侧控制与进口端燃料供给控制的优势。

(3)燃油喷射

喷油器直接将燃料喷到发动机的燃烧室。它们由与燃油轨道直接相连的短高压油轨提供燃油。发动机的控制单元通过与喷油器结合在一起的控制阀的开闭控制喷油嘴的开关。

喷油器的开启时间和系统油压决定了燃油供给量。在恒压状态下，燃油供给量与电磁阀的开启时间成正比，因此与发动机或油泵的转速(以时间为计量的燃油喷射)无关。

(4)液压辅助动力

与传统燃油喷射系统相比，将压力的产生与燃油的喷射分离开来，有利于燃烧室的充分燃烧。燃油喷射压力在系统中基本可以自主选择。目前最高燃油压力为1600巴，将来会达到1800巴。

共轨系统通过引入预喷射或多次喷射可以进一步减少废气排放，也能明显降低燃烧噪声。通过多次触发高速转换阀的开闭可以在每个喷射周期内实现多达5次的喷射。喷油针阀的开闭动作是液压辅助元件助力的，以保证喷射结束的快速性。

(5)控制和调节

发动机的控制单元通过传感器检测加速踏板的位置以及发动机和车辆的当前工况。采集到的数据包括：

① 曲轴转速和转角； ② 燃油轨道的压力； ③ 进气压力；

④ 进气温度、冷却液温度和燃油温度； ⑤ 进气量； ⑥ 车速等。

电控单元处理输入信号。与燃烧同步，电控单元计算施加给压力控制阀或计算模块、喷油器和其他执行机构(如EGR阀，废气涡轮增压器)的触发信号。

喷油器的开关时间应很短，采用优化的高压开关阀和专业的控制系统即可实现。

根据曲轴和凸轮轴传感器的数据，对照发动机状态(时间控制)，角度/时间系统调节喷油正时。电控柴油机系统(EDC)可以实现对燃油喷射量的精确计算。此外，EDC还拥有额外的功能以进一步提高发动机的响应特性和便利性。

其基本功能包括对柴油燃油喷射正时的精确控制，和在给定压力下对油量的控制。这样，它们就保证了柴油发动机具有能耗低、运行平稳的特点。

其他开环和闭环控制功能用于减少废气排放和燃油消耗，或提供附加的可靠性和便利性，具体例子有：

① 废气在循环控制； ② 增压控制； ③ 巡航控制；

④ 电子防盗控制系统等。(6)控制单元结构。

由于发动机控制单元通常最多有8个喷油器输出口，所以超过八缸的发动机需要两个控制单元。它们通过内置高速CAN网络的“主/从”接口进行连接，因此也拥有较高的微控制器处理能力。一些功能被 分配给某个特定的控制单元(如燃料平衡控制)，其功能根据需求情况(如检测传感器信号)可以动态地分配给一个或多个控制单元。

The Common Rail Calls for lower fuel consumption, reduced exhaust-gas emission, and quiet engines are making greater demands on the engine and fuel-injection system.The demands placed on diesel-engine fuel-injection systems are continuously increasing.Higher pressures, faster switching times, and a variable rate-of-discharge curve modified to the engine operating state have made the diesel engine economical, clean, and powerful.As a result, diesel engines have even entered the realm of luxury-performance sedans.These demands can only be met by a fuel-injection pressure.At the same time the injected fuel quantity must be very precisely metered, and the rate-of-discharge curve must have an exact shape, and pre-injection and secondary injection must be performable.A system that meets these demands is the common-rail fuel-injection system.The main advantage of the common-rail system is its ability to vary injection pressure and timing over a broad scale.This was achieved by separating pressure generation(in the high-pressure pump)from the fuel-injection system(injection).The rail here acts as a pressure accumulator.Principle of the Common Rail The common-rail system consists of the following main component groups: ① The low-pressure stage, comprising the fuel-supply system components;② The high-pressure system, comprising components such as the high-pressure pump, fuel-rail, injector, and high-pressure fuel lines.The electronic diesel control(EDC), consisting of system modules, such as sensors, the electronic control unit, and actuators.The key components of the common-rail system are the injectors.They are fitted with a rapid-action valve(solenoid valve or piezo-triggered actuator)which opens and closes the nozzle.This permits control of the injection process for each cylinder.All the injectors are fed by a common fuel rail, this being the origin of the term “common rail”.In the common-rail fuel-injection system, the function of pressure generation and fuel injection are separate.The injection pressure is generated independent of the engine speed and the injected fuel quantity.The electronic diesel control(EDC)controls each of the components.(1)Pressure Generation.Pressure generation and fuel injection are separated by means of an accumulator volume.Fuel under pressure is supplied to the accumulator volume of the common

rail ready for injection.A continuously operating high-pressure pump driven by the engine produces the desired injection pressure.Pressure in the fuel rail is maintained irrespective of engine speed or injected fuel quantity.Owing to the almost uniform injection pattern, the high-pressure pump design can be much smaller and its drive-system torque can be lower than conventional fuel-injection systems.This results in a much lower load on the pump drive.The high-pressure pump is a radial-piston pump.On commercial vehicles, an in-line fuel-injection pump is sometimes fitted.(2)Pressure Control The pressure control method applied is largely dependent on the system.One way of controlling rail pressure is to control the high-pressure side by a pressure-control valve.Fuel not required for injection flows back to the low-pressure circuit via the pressure-control valve.This type of control loop allows rail pressure to react rapidly to changes in operating point(e.g.in the event of load changes).Control on the high-pressure side was adopted on the first common-rail systems.The pressure-control valve is mounted preferably on the fuel rail.In some applications, however, it is mounted directly on the high-pressure pump.Another way of controlling rail pressure is to control fuel delivery on the suction side.The metering unit flanged on the high-pressure pump makes sure that the pump delivers exactly the right quantity of fuel rail in order to maintain the injection pressure required by the system.In a fault situation, the pressure-relief valve prevents rail pressure from exceeding a maximum.Fuel-delivery control on the suction side reduces the quantity of fuel under high pressure and lowers the power input of the pump.This has a positive impact on fuel consumption.At the same time, the temperature of the fuel flowing back to the fuel tank is reduced in contrast to the control method on the high-pressure side.The two-actuator system is also a way of controlling rail pressure, which combines pressure control on the suction side via the metering unit and control on the high-pressure side via the pressure-control valve, thus marrying the advantages of high-pressure-side control and suction-side fuel-delivery control.(3)Fuel Injection.The injectors spray fuel directly into the engine’s combustion chambers.They are supplied by short high-pressure fuel lines connected to the fuel rail.The engine control unit controls the switching valve integrated in the injector to open and close

the injector nozzle.The injector opening times and system pressure determine the quantity of fuel delivered.At a constant pressure, the fuel quantity delivered is proportional to the switching time of the solenoid valve.This is, therefore, independent of engine or pump speed(time-based fuel injection).(4)Potential Hydraulic Power.Separating the functions of pressure generation and fuel injection opens up future degrees of freedom in the combustion process compared with conventional fuel-injection systems;the injection pressure at pressure at present is 160 MPa;in future this will rise to 180 MPa.The common-rail system allows a future reduction in exhaust-gas emissions by introducing pre-injection events or multiple injection events and also attenuating combustion noise significantly.Multiple injection events of up to five per injection cycle can be generated by triggering the highly rapid-action switching valve several times.The nozzle-needle closing action is hydraulically assisted to ensure that the end of injection is rapid.(5)Control and Regulation.The engine control unit detects the accelerator-pedal position and the current operating states of the engine and vehicle by means of sensors.The data collected includes:

① Crankshaft speed and angle;② Fuel-rail pressure;③ Charge-air pressure:

④ Intake air, coolant temperature, and fuel temperature: ⑤ Air-mass intake: ⑥ Road speed, etc.The electronic control unit evaluates the input signals.In sync with combustion, it calculates the triggering signals for the pressure-control valve or the metering unit, the injectors, and the other actuators(e.g.the EGR valve, exhaust-gas turbocharger actuators, etc.).The injector switching times, which need to be short, are achievable using the optimized high-pressure switching valves and a special control system.The angle/time system compares injection timing, based on data from the crankshaft and camshaft sensors, with the engine state(time control).The electronic diesel control(EDC)permits a precise metering of the injected fuel quantity.In

addition, EDC offers the potential for additional functions that can improve engine response and convenience.The basic functions involve the precise control of diesel-fuel injection timing and fuel quantity at the reference pressure.In this way, they ensure that the diesel engine has low consumption and smooth running characteristics.Additional open-and close-loop control functions perform the tasks of reducing exhaust-gas emissions and fuel consumption, or providing added safely and convenience.Some examples are:

① Control of exhaust-gas recirculation;② Boost-pressure control;③ Cruise control;