初二英语下册语法总结

初二英语下册语法总结（精选11篇）

初二英语下册语法总结 篇1

初二下册英语语法总结

表示一般将来时在八年级中我们已经学习了以下几种表现形式：

1.用现在进行时表将来时(表示按计划安排要发生的事件。)

What are you doing this weekend?

I’m playing soccer with Jim.Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow? Yes, we are.2.用be going to do表将来时(表示明确的打算或用来表示必然，很可能发生的事或自然现象。)

It is going to rain this afternoon.We’re going to have a new subject this year.3.用will do表示将来时(表示单纯的将来概念或表示“意愿”。)

I will see you tomorrow.Will you please open the door?

Ask for advice 寻求建议

(1)What shall I do?

(2)Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?

(3)What should he do?

(4)Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice, some pieces of advice)

Give suggestions 提出建议

初二英语下册语法总结 篇2

【关键词】 倒装；全部倒装；部分倒装

在英语中，有时为了强调句子某一部分，或适应一定的语法结构的需要，把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，就构成倒装。我们平时遇到的句子基本都是自然语序，如：主语 + 谓语；主语 + 谓语 + 宾语；主语 + 系动词 + 表语。

采用倒装的目的有两点：

1. 语法结构的需要：疑问句、there be 结构等通常要用倒装句。

There is a pen and three pencils in the box

What are you doing here？

2.修辞的需要：倒装句可以起强调作用，加强语气。

Away went the football fans.

而根据倒装的构成，可将其分为全部倒装和部分倒装。

一、全部倒装（Full Inversion）

全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1.以here， there， out， in， up， down， off， away等方位副词和now， then，thus等副词置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come， go， be， lie， run， rush等。

Here comes the bus Down fall the leaves

There goes the bell Away went the boy

Attention：当主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装。E.g.：

Away he went Out they rushed

Here it is Here you are

2. 当表示地点的介词短语在句首时。

At the foot of the hill lies a small village.

By the side of the road is our school.

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______， one of the ten largest cities in China. （2010年重庆卷，33）

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

3.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常用全部倒装。

“Perfect，” said the teacher.

“Get out，” shouted the manager.

二、部分倒装（Partial Inversion）

就是谓语的一部分， be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，如is / am / are / was / were，do / does / did / have/ has / had，can / could / would / may / will / might 等。

1. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时， 要进行部分倒装，e.g.：

Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

Only in this way can you learn English well.

Only when I got home did I hear of the news.

Attention： only修饰主语或only+状语放在句末时，仍用自然语序，而不用倒装。e.g.

Only Li Hua knows the secret.

You can learn English well only in this way.

Only then ____ how much damage had been caused.（2006 陕西，16）

A.had she realized B. she realized

C. did she realize D. she had realized

2. 表示否定的副词never ， not， seldom， hardly， little， nowhere等以及介词短语by no means， in no way， in no case， at no time， on no account， ， on no condition， under no circumstances（这七个短语均表示“无论如何都不，绝不”，其后不能再出现否定词）等位于句首时。

I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress. （2006年重庆卷，24）

A.the teacher is not satisfied

B. is the teacher not satisfied

C.the teacher is satisfied

D. is the teacher satisfied

3. not until+时间状语（从句）位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back.

→Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework.

→It was not until his mother came back that he finished his homework.

4.在 hardly / scarcely /…when…； no sooner…than 的倒装句中，前倒后不倒。

hardly / scarecly / no sooner后句子的谓语用had done， when / than后句子的谓语用一般过去时，结构为：Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when sb did sth； No sooner had had sb done sth than sb did sth.

（1） Hardly had I fallen asleep when he came in.

（2） No sooner had I reached the station than the train moved.

5. 以关联连词not only...but also…开首的句子前倒后不倒。

Not only did he say so， but （also） he did so.

Attention ：当连接主语时不倒装，谓语动词依据就近一致原则。

Not only he but also his parents like reading.

三、其他特殊的倒装结构

1. 祝愿语

May you succeed！

Long live the People’s Republic of China！

2. However / No matter how + adj / adv.

However difficult the question was， Jack answered it easily.

3. as/ though （虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他。

Although I was tired， I decided to walk on.

→Tired as I was， I decided to walk on.

Though he is a child， he knows a lot.

→Child as he is， he knows a lot.

Although I may fail， I have to work hard.

→Fail as I may， I have to work hard.

Even though he shouted angrily， I didn’t care.

→Angrily as he shouted， I didn’t care.

Attention：从句的表语是名词时，名词前不加任何冠词； though后面的让步状语从句可倒可不倒。

_______， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. [2007 重庆]

A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound

简要总结：1.全部倒装主要用在以方位副词或地点状语开头的句子中，而部分倒装主要用在否定副词和以下句型中，So / Such…that…；Not only…but also…； Hardly / Scarcely …when…； No sooner…than…（以上句型中前倒后不倒），Not until+状语；Only+状语（而这两个句型中前不倒后倒）。

2. 主语为人称代词时不倒装是针对全部倒装而言的。

3. as引导的让步状语从句和其他的特殊结构既不属于全部倒装，也不属于部分倒装。

三年级下册英语语法总结 篇3

(1)课文应用：How many kites do you see?你看见多少只风筝?

I see 12!我看见12只!

(2)句型结构

问句：How many+可数名词复数(books，kites,apples...)+do you see?

答语：I see+数字.

(3)重点解析

此问句是一个由howmany引导的特殊疑问句，可以用于询问对方看见的物品的数量。

how many意为“多少”，后接可数名词的.复数形式。

初二英语下册语法总结 篇4

snake robot 蛇形机器人

space station 太空站 seem possible 看起来可能 be able to(do)= can 能够

the World Cup 世界杯 2单元

look for 寻找 keep out 不让……进入

in the future 在未来，在将来 pay for 付款

come true(梦想)成为现实 Teen Talk 青少年论坛 go skating 去滑冰 in style 时髦的，流行的 fall in love with… 爱上 out of style 过时的

hundreds of 好几百，许许多多 all kinds of 各种，多种

be free 免费 on the one hand(在)一方面

in 100 years(用于将来时)一百年后 on the other hand(在)另一方面 be in high school 上中学 as…as possible 尽可能…地 live alone 独自居住

=as…as sb can

go swimming 去游泳 get on with… 与…相处，进展 see sb do sth 看见某人做… have a hair cut 理发

over and over again 一次又一次 part-time job 兼职工作 get bored 厌烦 call sb up=ring sb up 打电话给…… space rocket 太空火箭 on the phone 在通话

electric toothbrush 电动牙刷 What’s the matter(with)? 怎么了？ computer programmer 电脑程序员 What’s wrong(with)? 怎么了？ live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 the same as… 与……同样的（书上重要表达）

complain about 抱怨…… will be… 将成为…… argue with… 与……争论

study on computer 在电脑上学习surprise sb 使…惊奇 as a reporter 作为一名记者 borrow from… 向……借 keep a pet 养一只宠物 lend to… 把…借给… during the week 在一周期间 find out 发现，找出

wear a suit(uniform)穿西装（制服）except me 除了我

at the weekend 在周末 do wrong 做错事

on vacation 在假期 under too much pressure 承受太多压力 predict the future 预测未来 take part in 参加

the head of a company 公司负责人 compare …with… 把…和…比较 need to do sth 需要做某事（书上重要表达）

job interview 求职面视 enough money 足够的钱

science fiction movie 科幻电影 write sb a letter 给某人写信 just like… 就像…… a ball game 一场球赛

help with +名词 帮助做某事 talk about… 谈论…话题

make sb do sth 使某人做…… say sorry to… 向…说对不起 It’s easy for sb to do sth 做某事很简单 have a bake sale 卖烤点 wake up 醒来 buy….for….为…买…

get a tutor 请家教 get out of the shower 洗完澡

be popular at school 在学校受欢迎 sleep late 睡懒觉 everyone else 其他每个人 buy a souvenir 买纪念品 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 go into=enter 进入 fail the test 考试不及格 call the police 报警

return= give back 归还 at around ten o’clock 在十点左右 have a fight with… 同…大吵、打架 shop assistant 售货员 give some advice 提建议 the Museum of Flight 飞行博物馆 busy enough 足够忙 take a photo 照相

not…until 直到……才 walk around 四处走走 nothing new 没什么新鲜的 police officer 警官 seem to do sth 好象要做某事 a car accident 车祸 push a lot more 逼得更紧 event in history 历史事件

a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈 in modern history 在现代史上 know about… 知道，了解…… everyday activity 日常活动

find it+形容词 to do sth 发现做某事很… at that time=then 在那时 think for oneself 为自己考虑 ask sb to do sth 叫…做某事 plan the life 计划生活 in silence=silently 沉默地

learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 be born 出生 a bit=a little 一点 have meaning to sb 对…有意义

organized activity 有组织的活动 national hero 民族英雄 by oneself 靠某人自己

after-school club 课外俱乐部 4单元

get over 克服、恢复 3单元

sea level 海平面

come in 进来 Chinese Young Pioneer 中国少年先锋队

World Trade Center(WTC)世界贸易中心 do well in=be good at 在…方面擅长

as…as… 和……一样 pass on 传递 take place=happen 发生 first of all 首先 hear about 听说 report card 成绩单

take off 起飞；脱下 in good health 身体健康 get out 出去，离开 open up 打开

barber shop 理发店 be supposed to 被期待，被要求

run away 逃跑，跑掉 care for 照料，照顾

in front of 在…前面 senior high school 高中

in the front of 在…前部 the Ministry of Education 教育部

walk down the street 沿着街走 be mad at=be angry at 对……很生气 an unusual experience 一次不寻常经历 not…anymore 不再…

Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场 end-of-year exam 期末考试 in space 在太空中 have a favor 帮忙

all over the world 全世界 get nervous 变得紧张

train station 火车站 disappointing result 令人失望的结果（书上重要表达）

copy one’s homework 抄袭作业（书上重要表达）

play party games 玩聚会游戏

have a surprise party 举行惊喜派对 study for the test 为考试复习drinks and snacks 饮料和零食 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 the next day 第二天 ID card 身份证

How is it going? 一切还好吗？ travel around the world 环球旅游 have a hard time with… 对…感到头痛 get an education 受教育 have a big fight 大吵一架 might seem like 似乎好象…… forget to do sth 忘记做…(没做)a dream job 理想的工作

It’s right for sb to do sth 做…是正确的 all over the world 全世界 start a bad habit 养成坏习惯 make life difficult 使生活变得困难

poor mountain village 贫困山区 get injured 受伤

change one’s life 改变…的生活 have a difficult time doing sth 做某事很难 the peking University 北京大学 real friend 真朋友 rural area 农村地区 in fact 事实上

make sb feel sick 使某人不舒服 class party 班会 agree with… 同意…… laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 need to do sth 需要做某事 dye the hair 染发 three times a day 一日三次 past tense 过去时 school dormitory 学校校舍 watch out 留神、小心 outside world 外界

finish doing sth 完成做某事 6单元

volunteer teacher 志愿者老师 by the way 顺便说一句 mother earth 地球母亲 far(away)from… 距离…很遥远 be in danger 在危险之中 run out of 用完，用尽

more than=over 比…多；多于

5单元和1-5单元复习

be interested in… 对……感兴趣 take away 拿走 the Olympic Games 奥运会 make a living 谋生 Hilltop School 山顶学校

around the world 全世界 raise money for charity 为慈善筹钱 all the time=always 总是，一直 a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋 mobile phone 移动电话，手机 go native 入乡随俗

in order to… 为了…… do(try)one’s best 尽某人最大努力 let in 允许进入 go together 相配；调和

remind …of… 使人想起…… let sb know 让某人知道 be hurt badly 严重受伤 inline skating 纵列式溜冰 make money 挣钱 probably=maybe=perhaps 也许

look up to 尊敬 have sth done(过去分词)(请别人)做某事 charity event 慈善事件 polar bear 北极熊

professional athlete 职业运动员 three and a half years 三年半（书上重要表达）

wear jeans 穿牛仔裤（书上重要表达）

take a bus to…… 坐公车去…… collect the stamps 集邮

help sb do sth 帮助某人做…… skating marathon 滑冰马拉松 several=a few 几个 pay a big fine 赔款

be the first one to do sth 第一个做某事 throw away 扔掉 snow globe 雪球 argue about… 为……而争论 anyone else 其他任何人 sell out 卖完

start a club 建立一个俱乐部 five times the price 价格的5倍多 tell sb about… 告诉某人关于某事（书上重要表达）

fly a kite 放风筝 do the dishes 洗碗

music video 音乐录影带 look terrible 看起来很糟糕 talent show 天才表演 move the car 挪挪汽车

Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江省 help…with(名词)帮助某人做某事 colorful history 多彩的历史 finish the task 完成任务

European influence 欧洲风格的影响 clothing store 服装店 in Russian style 俄罗斯风格 order a hamburger 预订个汉堡包 Song Emperor 宋朝皇帝 shop assistant 售货员

western history 西方历史 follow sb around=go after sb 跟着某人转

The more…, the more… 越…，就越…… English-speaking country 说英语的国家

learn about… 学习…… social behavior 社交行为

have problem with… 在…上有问题 be useful to do sth 做某事很有用

be close to… 靠近……

7单元

in all situations 在各种场合下

no problem 没问题 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服 wait in line 排队等候 even if 即使，就算

keep…down 压低声音，使缓和 be with sb 和…在一起

pick up 捡起 It’s better to do sth 最好做某事 break the rule 违反规则 public place 公共场合

take care=be careful 当心，小心 in public 在公共场所里

put out the cigarette 熄灭香烟 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做…

at first(反)at last, finally 首先(反)最终 see sb do(doing)sth 看见某人做… cut in line 插队 give sb a suggestion 给某人提建议

turn down(up)关小(开大)take the suggestion 接受建议 not at all 根本不；一点也不 drop litter 扔垃圾

Would you mind(not)doing sth 你介意(不)…吗？

Could you please(not)do sth 请(不要)…好吗 8单元

turn on/off 开（关）fall asleep 入睡，睡着

right away =in a minute 立刻 give away 赠送，分发

=at once make friends with sb 与……交朋友 at a meeting 在开会 hear of… 听说……

hair stylist 发型师，美容师 the Olympics 奥运会

get annoyed 变得气恼 the Olympic Committee 奥委会 get married 结婚 take an interest in… 对……感兴趣 get mad 变得激动 photo album 相册

get angry 变得生气 rather than… 胜于;(与其)，不如

happen to sb 某人发生某事 make progress 取得进步 these days=now 现在，目前 gone to… 已去某地(途中)too…to… 太…以致于不能… get some exercise 锻炼

give up doing sth 放弃做某事 It takes forty minutes 花了40分钟 give…to… 给某人…… Neither have I=me neither 我也没有(去)stage manner 舞台台风 get to=reach=arrive in(at)到达

native speaker 说本族语的人 take a lesson=have a lesson 上课 learn by heart 用心记住（书上重要表达）

look up(在书中)查询 water park 水上乐园

for a while 暂时，一会儿 space museum 太空博物馆

an 80-year-old grandmother 一位80岁的外婆 take the subway 坐地铁 China Radio International 中国国际广播电台 Mickey mouse 米老鼠（书上重要表达）

Donald Duck 唐老鸭

get sb sth=buy sth for sb 给某人买…… Disney character 迪士尼卡通人物 How about=what about ……怎么样？ theme park 主题公园

Why don’y you do sth? 为什么不做…呢 be themed with… 被冠以…主题 Why not do sth?（同上）walk around 四处走走 special enough 足够特别 Disney Cruise 迪士尼巡游

pot-bellied pig named Connie 取名叫科尼尔的猪 take a ride 搭乘…… eat a lot 吃得多 just like… 就像，正如

keep a pet 养宠物 take different route 走不同线路

pay for=spend for 为……付钱 exchange student 交换生

learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 flight attendant 空中乘务员 improve English 提高英语 language school 语言学校 enter a contest 参加比赛 such as=for example 例如 as well as… 和……一样好 listening skill 听力技巧 age group 年龄组 Southeast Asia 东南亚 win the prize 赢得奖金 take a holiday 度假

encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 have problem doing sth 做某事有困难

have fun with… 做…很有乐趣 foreign country 外国 find out 找出，发现 during the daytime 在白天

find a way to do sth 找到做某事的方法 wake up 醒来，唤醒某人

be awake 醒着的

9单元

natural environment 自然环境 end up 结束 It’s best to do sth 做好做某事 on board 在船上 10单元

have a great time 玩得愉快 look through 浏览

amusement park 娱乐园 come along=appear 出现，发生 tour guide 导游 get along=get on with… 相处

three quarters 四分之三 at least(反)at most 至少(反)最多 Night Safari 夜间野生动物园 have a small talk=chat 闲聊

all year around 全年，一年到头 opening question 开场白问题 roller coaster 过山车 thank-you note 感谢信

(ever)been to… 曾经去过某地 cross the busy street 穿越繁忙的大街 have a wonderful time 过得愉快 show sb around 带某人参观某地 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 show the way 指路

be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事 have a hard time doing 做某事很困难 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make it easy to do sth 使做某事容易 have a family dinner 家庭聚餐 go with sb 同某人一起去 look both side 看两边 win the game 赢得比赛（书上重要表达）

dining room 食堂、饭厅 Franklin Lake 弗兰克林湖 holiday job 假期短工 by noon 到中午之前 review=go over 复习I hope so 但愿如此 opposite word 反义词

wait to do sth 等着做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事

初一英语下册语法 篇5

e.g. I have an interesting book.

There is nothing serious.

(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。

e.g. This kind of dress is expensive.

(3) 以a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。

e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.

(4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。

e.g. The good news makes us very happy.

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4.初一英语语法总结

人教版七年级下册英语语法 篇6

Unit 1Where is your pen pal from?一般现在时

Unit2Where is the post office?There be 句型

Unit3Why do you like koalas?形容词的用法

Unit4I want to be an actor动词不定式的用法

Unit5I am watching TV现在进行时

Unit6It’s raining!关于天气的日常用语，关于现在进行时Unit7What does he look like?动词Have的用法，描述人的外貌Unit8I’d like some noodles?可数名词和不可数名词的用法Unit 9How was your weekend?一般过去时的用法

（一）Unit10Where did you go on vacation?一般过去时的用法

（二）Unit 11What do you think of game shows不定代词的用法

人教版英语七年级下册语法知识点 篇7

At+钟点 at 7 o’clock

at noon/ at night(during/ in the day)

On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天

on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning

In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上

2. 时间读法：顺读法

逆读法：分钟≤30用past

five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)

分钟>30用to a quarter to ten(9:45)

整点用 …o’clock 7 o’clock(7:00)

3. 3个穿的区别：

wear 表状态，接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等

Put>Dress 表动作，接sb/>

4. from…to…

5. be/ arrive late for

6. 频度副词(行前be后)

Always usually often sometimes

seldom hardly never

7. 一段时间前面要用介词for

for half an hour for five minutes

8. eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper

9. either…or

10. a lot of=lots of

11. it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修饰to do sth)

It is important for me to learn English.

it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修饰sb)

It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.

12. 感叹句：How+adj+主谓!

How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓!

What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!

初二英语作文下册 篇8

我的英语老师不仅外表漂亮，而且很关心学生。

我记得去年冬天，我们正在上英语课。英语老师带着微笑和一件轻便的羽绒服来上课。学生们聚精会神地听，认真记笔记。下课后胡老师一个人拉我出来。她的手慢慢地从口袋里掏出两双花结。结的外环是一只蝴蝶，中间是一只金色的蝴蝶。结的外环是橙色的。我喜欢它，想要它，却不敢认为是为了自己。但谁知道这真的是为了我?真不敢相信。英语老师说要6块钱起的钱。她把它给我是因为她看到我的头上没有像其他女孩一样的结。另一个原因是我对自己的工作负责。

我觉得我像我妈，可是我妈给了我这么漂亮的心结!当我收到这份礼物时，我太高兴了，我以为我不会辜负她对我的期望。我还有这个天赋!就像上个月的教师节，我没有因为家里不富裕而给老师买贺卡之类的礼物，但我一定会得到更好的结果来回报她和母校。

初二下册英语作文精选 篇9

你有集邮(collect stamps)的爱好吗?请谈谈你集邮的历史。如果没有，也可以谈谈你别的爱好，以此为内容写一篇60词左右的短文。

I like to collect many things, such as nice stones, names of movies, books, toys, photos of famous people. But I like collecting stamps best. I have been collecting stamps for five years. When I was very young, my uncle sent me a stamp from Australia. I loved it at once. Since then I tried to collect stamps and fell in love with it. I have more than one hundred stamps. Some were sent by my friends, some were collected by myself; some were from foreign countries, some were Chinese. I like them. Often, I take them out and show them to my friends.

初二年级下册英语作文 篇10

My school life is a lot of fun. I like studying in the classroom with my lovely classmates. We get on well with each other. We play sports and sing together. I often miss my classmates and teachers if I don’t see them for a long time. But sometimes our teachers give us too much homework. Parents and teachers often put great pressure on us.

I wish a happy life in a big city in the future. I will live in a big house with a garden, and drive to work. I will travel a lot in my spare time.

初二英语下册语法总结 篇11

如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。

5.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致： 例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 这就是用英文写成的使用说明。 Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets? 你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗? So far as I know, there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception. 就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会。 6.非限定性定语从句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟们??两个人都在美国工作??每个星期都给她打电话。 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd， 那些公共汽车??大多已经坐满了人??被一群愤怒的人围着。

That tower block, which cost five million dollars to build, has been empty for five years. 那个塔楼空着已经5年了。建它花了500万美元。 Cricket, which I know very little about, is a very popular sport in England。 板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动，我对它知之甚少。 The accounts of the company ,which I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance. 公司的账目是保持平衡的。我一直非常注意这些账目。 7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词)：

关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 说明

when(=at / on / in / during which) 时间名词 时间状语 非正式文体中，有时用that代替关系副词

where(=in / at which) 地点名词 地点状语

why=(for which) 只有reason 原因状语

例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。 The rain came at a time when (=at which) it was not needed. 雨下得不是时候。 This is the computer where (=by/on which) he has stolen top-secret documents. 这就是他用来盗窃绝密文件的计算机。 Here is the place where (=at which) the murder took place. 这就是谋杀发生的地方。

He didn’t give any reason why (=for which) I had been fired. 他没给任何解雇我的理由 This is the house in which (=where) my parents used to live. 这就是我父母以前住过的房子。

注意事项： (1)在非正式场合， that有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”，而且经常全部省略， 如：In all the years that (=when/during which) I was at collage 在我读大学的那些年里 the reason that(=why/for which)he is not happy 他不高兴的理由 The direction(that)(=in which )the heavenly bodies move can’t be changed. 天体运行的方向是不可改变的。 He is unpopular because people don’t like the offensive way (that)(=in which) he talks. 他不受欢迎的原因是他说话的方式让人讨厌。

(2)是用关系代词还是用关系副词： 关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词，一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分;二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因;三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词，这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。 如：This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year. 这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当地点状语) This is the room(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in. 这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当介词宾语，可省略。) This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year. 这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。(充当主语) This is the room (which/that) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party. 这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。(充当宾语，可省略。)

The reason (that /which) he had given was not sound enough. 他给的理由不够充分。(充当宾语，可省略) The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough. 他做那件事的理由不够充分。(充当原因状语)

This is the house where she lives.这是她住的房子。 【比较：This is the house (that/which) she has bought. 这是她买的房子。This is the house that/which I’ve told you is extremely expensive.这就是我和你说过极其昂贵的那幢房子。】

I met him in the year when I was first in Xi’an. 我刚到西安的那年遇到了他。 That is the reason why he did not come that morning. 那就是那天上午他没来的原因。

(3)定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将来时或过去将来时，从句的动作与主句的同时发生，那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 例：Anyone who/that touches the wire will get an electric shock. 任何碰这根电线的人将受到电击。(不用will touch) I would give her anything that she asked for. 她要什么我就给她什么。(不用would ask) The first person who/that opens the door will get a shock. 第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。(不用will open) There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks. 任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。(不用will order)

但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时， 如：Those who will go abroad for training next year will start learning English tomorrow. 那些明年出国受训的人员，将从明天开始学习外语。 注：①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，常用that，而不用which： 例：Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived. 爱迪生是曾经有过的最伟大的发明家之一。 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。 She was the greatest woman that/who has ever lived. 她是曾经有过的最伟大的女人。

②先行词有the same, the very, the first, the last, all, no, the only, much, little, none, any, every等时，常用that, 而不用which： 例：He was the first man that we saw in the village. 他是我们在那个村子里看到的第一个人。 There is little that is interesting. 没什么令人感兴趣。

I still remember the first time that we met. 我仍然记得我们第一次见面的时候。 I’ll do anything (that) I can to help you. 我将尽一切可能帮助你。

Everything that can be done has been done. 能做的一切都做了。 God bless this ship and all who sail in her. 愿上帝保佑此船和所有乘此船航行的人。 All that I can say is thank you very much. 我能说的是(千言万语变成一句话)：非常感谢你。

③当先行词既有人又有物时，用that，不用which， 如：We were deeply impressed by the workers and their working conditions that we had visited. 我们参观过的工人及他们的工作条件留下了深刻印象。

We listened to him talk about the men and books that interested him。 我们听他谈论他感兴趣的人物和书籍。

④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 如：Let’s discuss only such questions as concern us. 让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。 I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。

I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do. 如果他做这件事的方法和我一样，那就奇怪了。 She works in the same office as I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。

She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does. 她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。 He’s wearing the same dress as he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。

This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 I’ve never seen such kind of people as they are. 我从来没见过像他们这样的人。

I’ve never seen such kind people as they are. 我从来没见过象他们这样厚道的人。 I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时，