新编英语教程unit4exe

新编英语教程unit4exe（通用7篇）

新编英语教程unit4exe 篇1

1)The reason why little girl like Barbie very much is that she looks like real people and can be dressed up in a perfect way.2)Man-made objects, though out-numbered by natural objects, play a more and more important role in people’s life.3)The number of man-made object is increasing steeply, compared with the number of natural objects as well as its actual number.4)The little girl of today would gladly use their old Barbie to exchange the new version of Barbie whereas their mother or grandmother would be reluctant to throw away their dolls until they fall-apart simply, because they are too old nothing could be more obvious than the difference between them.5)The societies and people that are used to poverty reject the practice of using one product only for once or a short time and then replace it by a new one.6)It is meaning that less for a man who is fairy old to say that he wants to develop a hobby in this or that form.7)It is sensible that you further develop the hobby;you already have instead of trying to cultivate a new one.8)Taking up a hobby and living a more regularized way of life are the most effective way to save them from their boredom.9)The long hour’s work in the office or factory provides these people with the money so they can live their lives and gives them a strong desire for the simplest pleasure.10)In fact, it is highly likely that those people who take their work as their pleasure are need to divert their effort from work from time to time urgently.11)The ability to do the right thing at the right time is essential to a good leader.12)A leader must be good at exercising his authority(this is a quality that a leader must have)and be able to demonstrate to the people that he does.13)A leader should find out what the people want to do or have, and guide them to achieve it.14)If we are not powerful, determined and brave, we can’t except to find a good leader, no matter how skilled we are in shopping images, we can’t make him to be what he is not, he is only a representative of all of us.15)John Dewey has said seriously that the degree that someone’s behavior can influence the custom is the same as the degree that his body talk can influence his mother tongue.16)The result from a serious study of the custom which is not influence by the outside shows that what Dewey said is just an objective description of the fact.17)If we still think that our culture is superior to those of the people who we regard as uncivilized, underdeveloped or irreligious, the study anthropology must be meaningless.18)We must realized that all the beliefs are based on the same thing, the intangible and should be treated equally along with our own.19)I believe that people in the society high above me are selfless, pure, noble and very intelligent.20)But it is difficult for a man of the working class to improve his social status, especially when he was full of objectives and imaginations 21)It is physically strong, and they profited a lot by exploiting my strength, but I only lived a poor life.22)He was no longer strong enough to make money by selling his strength and had nothing left to him, he had no other choice, but to slide down to the bottom of the society and die there in misery.23)After 100 years, the black people is still suffering in the isolated part of American society, and he feels like an outcast in his own country.24)We can see very clearly that as far as the black people are concerned, America didn’t fulfill its promise.25)We are here to demand the fulfillment of the promises which can guarantee us our freedom and justice.26)This is not the right time to calm down and adopt gradualism, waiting patiently for a solution.

新编英语教程unit4exe 篇2

1 of-词组和双重属格

《教程》将of-词组和名词属格进行了比较, 指出了他们之间的异同。随后, 在第58页又用了这样一句话:“of-词组和双重属格有时可以交替使用, 但意义略有区别。”[1]比较:

1) He is a friend of my father’s. (相当于He is one of my father’s friends.)

2) He is a friend of my father. (相当于He is friendly to my father.)

对于例句1, 同学们理解起来很轻松, 但是对于例句2, 学生们完全是一头雾水, 因为张教授只给出了英文解释, 也没有更多相似或相关的例子加以佐证。若加上以下的语境, 学生便没有了疑问。如对话:

A:Who told you that?

B:A friend of your father’s.

A:If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father.[2]

很显然, 在这样的语境中, “he is not a friend of my father”变得容易理解。

在同一页, 编者又说“在以下场合of-词组和双重属格所表示的意义是截然不同的”, 并且举了两组例子加以佐证:

a portrait of Mr.Brown’s (一张Brown先生画的或收藏的肖像)

a portrait of Mr.Brown (一张Brown先生的肖像)

a criticism of Mr.Hamilton’s (Hamilton先生作的一次批评)

a criticism of Mr.Hamilton (对Hamilton先生的一次批评)

如果只看这些例子和汉语翻译, 很难真正理解这些表达方式的内容, 但是若分两种情况进行解释, 理解起来便十分容易。

1) 当中心名词是表示有一定内容的名词如portrait, picture, photo, painting, printing, drawing等, 而且受双重属格修饰时, 这一结构表示某人所收藏或所画的肖像、图片和照片等, 如:a painting of Mr.Blake’s (Mr.Blake收藏的或画的一张画像) 。但是, 这些名词如果受of词组修饰时, 这一结构表达了肖像、图片和照片等的内容就是某人, 如:a painting of Mr.Blake (Mr.Blake本人的一张画像) 。

2) 当中心词是opinion, criticism, judgment等带有动词含义的“观点性名词”时, 双重属格表示的是主谓关系, of词组表示的是动宾关系。如:an opinion of my brother’s (我哥哥的看法) ;an opinion of my brother ( (别人) 对我哥哥的看法) 。

按照这两种情况, 再回过头阅读上述的两组例子, 读者心中的疑问便立刻烟消云散。

2 完成体与since-分句

《教程》第146页中提到:“带现在完成体的主句常与since-词组或since-分句连用, 表示自从某一‘时点’以来一直存在着某种状态。在一定上下文中, since还可作副词, 出现在句尾。同时还举例:He wrote me last month, but I haven’t heard from him since.”

对于“since还可作副词, 出现在句尾”这句话, 笔者认为过于绝对, 因为since作副词, 除了出现在句尾, 还可以出现在句中其他位置。对此, 笔者查阅了《柯林斯Cobuild高级英汉双解词典》, 找到了例句:About six thousand people were arrested, several hundred of whom have since been released.[3]此句中的since作副词, 但是没有出现在句尾。

另外, 笔者还查阅了《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》, 也找到了since作副词使用的2个例子, 但是都没有出现在句尾:

He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him since.

She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper.[4]

因此, 不能绝对地说since出现在句尾, 笔者认为在前面加上一个“可”字就可避免这一情况。

3 不定式的主动态和被动态

《教程》第234-235页中原文如下:“作名词后置修饰语的不定式可以采取主动态, 也可采取被动态。有时两种语态均可采用, 意义无甚区别。”但随后又写道:“在有些情况下, 用主动态比被动态自然。”

“而在另外一些情况下, 又以被动态为妥。”

那么, 看完这些描述, 读者是否知道何时该用主动语态, 何时该用被动语态呢?这些叙述看似兼顾了主动态和被动态, 却没有指出用主动态和被动态的规律, 学生学起来会丈二和尚摸不着头脑。

其实, 这一用法是有规律可循的, 这些规律在《教程》的例句和课后的习题中都可得到印证。可以参考以下规律:

1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时, 用主动态。如:

I’ve got letters to write tonight.

(to write的逻辑主语是I, I也是该动作的执行者。)

He showed no inclination to leave.

(to leave的逻辑主语是he, he也是该动作的执行者。)

2) 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 用被动态。如:

The cases to be investigated are not to be made public in press.

(to be investigated的逻辑主语是the cases, the cases也是该动作的承受者。)

The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.

(to be discussed的逻辑主语是the question, the question也是该动作的承受者。)

3) 在there be开头的结构中, 不定式的主动态和被动态都可使用。

There is no time to lose/to be lost.

There are quite a few letters to write/to be written today.[5]

但是在一些特殊的例子中用主动态和被动态意义不同, 需引起读者的注意。如:

There is nothing to do.—I’m bored. (表示无事可做)

There is nothing to be done.—We’ll have to buy another one.[6] (表示没办法)

实际上这种结构也是有章可循的, 假如更多地考虑做不定式动作的人, 用主动态, 假如更多地考虑不定式动作本身, 则用被动态。如:

There is no need for you to start so early.

There was no sound to be heard.

笔者认为教材在这一部分的编排有待进一步完善。

4 非限定动词形式——不定式, -ing分词, -ed分词的句法功能

《教程》的第19, 第20讲主要阐述了不定式的结构形式, 带to不定式与不带to的不定式, 不定式符号的省略问题, 不定式符号to与介词to的辨别问题, 以及不定式与形容词, 名词, 动词的搭配关系。第21讲主要涉及了-ing分词与动词的搭配关系。第22讲主要介绍ed分词在名词词组中作前置修饰语以及在句中作主语补足语, 宾语补足语。

纵观这四讲, 除了第22讲讲到了-ed分词的句法功能外, 其余都没有涉及, 这不能不说是这一部分的缺陷。尤其是在第19, 20, 21这三讲的学习中, 同学们学习时感觉教材的编排比较凌乱, 比较松散。无论是什么样的词, 只有放在具体的语境中才能产生实际的意义, 非限定动词也不例外, 下面笔者将就这三类非限定动词的句法功能一一作出简单的描述。这三类非限定动词在句法功能上的一个共同点是都可以作修饰语, 主语补足语, 宾语补足语, 状语。

1) 作修饰语

The question to be discussed at the meeting is quite important.

The question being discussed at the meeting is quite important.

The question discussed at the meeting is quite important.[7]

2) 作主语补足语

My suggestion is to give up smoking.[7]

Our work is serving the people.[7]

She was interested in the story.[7]

3) 作宾语补足语

The manager asked him to work out a plan.[7]

I am sorry I have kept you waiting a long time.[5]

I saw the students assembled in the hall.

4) 作状语

To catch the train, we hurried through our work.

Nor knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.

Compared with developed countries, developing countries have a long way to go.[7]

除此之外, 不定式和-ing分词还可以作主语, 宾语。

5) 作主语

To master a foreign language is very important.[7]

Making friends with her is no easy thing.[7]

6) 作宾语

She managed to accomplish her work in time.[7]

Our teacher suggested going to the reading-room after class.[7]

5 结束语

以上是笔者在使用该教材一段时间以来发现的几个问题, 从教学实际出发, 结合学生们的理解接受情况, 在此斗胆撰文, 以期《教材》在今后的修订中能够更加完善, 如有不当之处, 欢迎《教程》的编者和广大读者批评指正。

摘要：章振邦教授主编的《新编英语语法教程》作为我国大学英语语法教材之一对我国英语教学有着积极而深远的影响。但教材对某些知识点的叙述存着在一定的含糊性, 它在很多情况下, 只列出其然, 而没说明其所以然, 给读者在理解和运用上带来一定的困难。对此, 就of-词组和双重属格, 完成体与since-分句, 不定式的主动态和被动态, 非限定动词形式—不定式, -ing分词, -ed分词的句法功能四个问题展开讨论, 希望能抛砖引玉, 使这部教材更加完善。

关键词：新编英语语法教程,of-词组和双重属格,完成体与since-分句,不定式的主动态和被动态,非限定动词形式

参考文献

[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2013.

[2]马文书.对章振邦《新编英语语法教程》的几点建议[J].大众科技, 2007 (8) :170.

[3]哈珀·柯林斯出版集团.柯林斯Cobuild高级英汉双解词典[M].张柏然, 等, 译.北京:高等教育出版社, 2009:1027.

[4]Hornby A S.牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M].7版.王玉章, 译.北京:商务印书馆, 2009:1411.

[5]罗国梁.实用英语语法精粹[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2008:236, 243.

[6]陈敦金.新编英语语法综合教程[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2006:130.

新编英语教程unit4exe 篇3

关键词：英语教学 影视资料 语法研究

中图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-9795（2013）05（a）-0110-01

1 英语影视视频数据库简介

笔者构建的英语影视视频数据库包括：2.5TB英语影视视频，包含近10000集电视剧，700多部电影。影视视频更新到2012年12月，实时追踪IMDB（The Internet Movie Database）内容，动态更新最新视频。对应英语影视视频数据库，建立了英语字幕语料库，达到1.1亿词，11627个文本文件。

2 英语影视语料在语法研究中的应用

语言规则和语言的实际运用存在一定的差异性，这是人所共知的事实。《新编英语语法教程》（第四版）相较于一些传统的语法教材，更多地采用了描写性的编排，引介了一些较新的表达规则。在使用的过程中，笔者也意识到一些问題。比如，有些表述还不够全面，有些内容尚不够准确。本文利用英语视频语料相应的字幕，力求准确全面地阐释一些涉及英语语言规则和实际运用的表达方式。

《新编英语语法教程》第30页，“……个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用。例如： Cards are not allowed here.”[1]而视频语料显示的情况与其有冲突：

That’s right.Cards is all about knowing the numbers.（The Wire S04E07《火线》）

《薄冰实用英语语法详解》（修订版）只是把cards归于“某些名词以-s结尾，却当单数名词对待”[2]一类。

英语计数时有一特别之处值得关注，所有基数词后都用名词的单数形式。例如：

One potato，two potato，three potato， four.Five potato，six potato，seven potato， more.（The Business《黑帮生意》2005）

One Mississippi，two Mississippi，three Mississippi，game over！（Friday Night Lights S03E04《胜利之光》）

第140页，“但若人称疑问代词紧跟于介词之后，则只能用宾格。例如：From whom did you receive a letter？”[1]《张道真实用英语语法（全新版）》（修订本）[3]和《薄冰实用英语语法详解》（修订版）都是与此相同的表述。不过，视频语料显示，介词后用主格who 的情况很多，有很高的可接受度。

Don’t look.Don’t look.-At who？ （Dance Flick 2009 《跳舞大电影》）

I，I use them to pray.- For who？ （Into Temptation《引诱》，2009）

当然，接受度高和正宗规范并非同一概念。这就是为什么，在不少场合，这种表达被非议的原因：

Hey，I was called down here.By who？ By whom.By Dr.Weaver.（ER S02E02《急诊室》）

To who？To whom. But that’s cool. Everybody makes that mistake.（Dead Like Me S02E04《死神有约》）

副词修饰动词是常识。不过，现在流行一类表达却明显有违该常识。

I was young I couldn’t do good. Now I can’t do bad.（Next Day Air《次日到达》，2009）

Mr Samuels！You did good.（Up In The Air《在云端》，2009）

Good是形容词，修饰动词，显然是有些问题。尽管此类表达接受度挺高，在有些场合还是被诟病的：

So，how you doing over there， Theo Huxtable？/-I’m doing good./- Unh-unh.Superman does good.You’re doing well.You need to study your grammar， son.（30 Rock S01E02《我为喜剧狂》）

And it’s“drive well，”honey，not“drive good.”/-Wait.Don’t drive good？/- Proper English is“drive well.”I want you to drive well.（Post Grad《毕业生生存指南》，2009）

第470页，“为了加强否定的含义……也可以重复否定词never…等结构来实现强调否定。”[1]此处忽视了一类仅有一字之差的表达手段，就其使用频率看，理应提及：

Because they’re never ever what they appear to be.（Bigger Stronger Faster 《更大，更强，更快》，2008）

3 结语

英语影视语料给我们提供的平台，真实地展现了当今英语的使用及其发展变化，对于我国的英语语言研究及学习带来明显的帮助。同时，所有语料都以字幕的形式嵌入原声视频，经过剪辑加工，做成视频片断，可以很好地用于多媒体教学。

参考文献

[1] 章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].4版.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.

[2] 薄冰.薄冰实用英语语法详解（修订版）[M].山西：山西教育出版社，2008.

新编英语教程4练习册翻译答案 篇4

1.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。

Every time he rerurned home from work at midnight,he would tiptoe upstairs ,trying not to disturb his neighbours.2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。

To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour,Mr.Green lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage to the house.4.要不是她的朋友时常鼓励她，帮助她，她将一事无成。

If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friend ,she couldn’t have accomplished anything..5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可是他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这真是令人难以理解的转变。

It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project ,but now he is working hard with zest for its realization.what a battling change!

6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有一种复杂的感情。

Judging from her autobiography,she always had mixed feelings for that pianist.7.她在大厅里候机时与两名美国旅行者攀谈起来，谈到了很多有趣的跨文化方面的问题。

Whiling wating in the lounge for the flight ,he struck up a conversation with two American travellers and touched on many interesting corss-cultural issues.8.这些女孩子都害怕晚上单身一人值夜班。These girls all dread working alone on night duty.9.我不在乎加班工作，我在乎的是在周末尽是做一些无意义的琐碎杂务。

I don’t mind working overtime.what I do mind is working on those insignificant trivial things during the weekend.10.事实上没有人要求他们在开学的第一天去干什么。当他们看到教室里乱七八糟时，便自发地打扫了起来。Actually nobody asked them to do anything on the first day of school.When they saw the classroom in such a mess,however ,they cleaned it spontaneously.Unit2

1.一种莫名的疾病严重影响了他的大脑，使他丧失了全部记忆。

An unknown disease affected his brain so badly that he lost his memory completely.2.聚集在法院外进行抗议的人群并没有对这个太平洋岛国的法官和陪审团产生任何影响。

The protesting crowds outside the courthouse had no effect at all on the judges and the jury of this Pacific island country.3.一个做了亏心事的人听的哦啊每一响声都如同惊弓之鸟。A guilty man apprehends danger in every sound.4.她温柔的声音和慈祥的笑容使屋子里的每个人都感到轻松自在。

Her soft voice and gracious smile put everyone in the room at ease.5.只有当你很好地掌握了各种语体之后才能在各种场合恰如其分地用英语进行表达。

Not until you have a good command of a scale of styles can you speak English appropriately in different situations.6.对现代经济学的一知半解是导致他经营失败的原因之一。

His haphazard knowledge of modern economics was one of the reasons why he failed in his business.7.信赖的总经理很不习惯公司里同事们称呼他的方式。

The new general manager did not feel very comfortable with the way he was addressed by his colleagues in the company.8.无论他作何种努力来改变其在公众心目中的形象，都无济于事。

No matter how hard he had tried ,his efforts to improve his image in the mind of the public proved to be ineffective.9.指挥官从没有想到他的士兵会无视他的命令。

It was the last thing that occurred to the commander that his souldiers would defy his orders.10.作文课的老师认为这些话是陈词滥调，可是它们对学生却又很大的吸引力。

Although the composition teacher considers these expressions nothing but cliches,they appeal very much to the students.Unit 3

1.这个看上去饱经风霜的渔翁伸出他那由于辛劳而布满老茧的双手，开始讲述了他海上生活的艰难历程。Holding out his work-gnarled hands,the old fishman with a weather-beaten face started to tell us about the hardship of his life on the sea.2.小女孩显然受伤不轻。她哭了好几个小时，现在仍在呻吟。

The little girl is apparently badly injured.She’s been crying for hours and she’s still moaning.3.当诺贝尔奖得主由主席陪同走上讲台时，整个大厅顿时爆发出一阵欢呼声和鼓掌声。

As the Nopel Prize winner went onto the platform escorted by the chairman ,the whole hall rocked with cheers and clapping.4.舞会进行到高潮时，舞厅里一片乐曲和歌声。

When the dance party was in full swing ,music and songs swriled all aroud the ballroom.5.不知是何原因，许多大学生又表现出对中国传统戏剧如京剧和越剧的浓厚兴趣。

For reasons that are not quite undersood ,there has been a revival of strong interest in traditional Chinese drama,such as Beijing Opera and Shaoxing Opera,among the college students.6.由于人们成群结队地涌向街头去观看一年一度的节日庆典游行，市中心的交通一度被中断了。

The traffic downtown was held up for a while because croeds of people swarmed into the streets to watch the annual holiday parade.7.当这个小伙子看到心碎了的父母亲时，他为自己给家庭带来这么多麻烦而深感愧疚，他跪在8.她们的面前祈求宽恕。When he say his heart-broken parents,the young man felt so ashamed of himself for causing so much trouble to the family that he went on his knees and begged their forgiveness.8.看到了久别了的儿子下了船，老人激动不已，可出乎意料的是，小伙子却视而不见转身就走。

He was very excited at the sight of his son ,whom he had not met for a long time ,getting off the ship.But it was quite out of expectation that his son pretended not to see him ,and turning his back to his father ,the young man walked off right away.9.这两个邻国结束了长达十年的战争，签署了合约。自那时起，两国的经济交往和双边贸易得到迅猛发展。The two neighbouring countries stopped the decade-long war and signed a peace agreement.From them on ,their economic exchange and bilateral trade developed by leaps and bounds.10.当这位诺贝尔物理奖获得者出现在师生面前，全场一片欢腾。她的演讲不时被震耳欲聋的掌声所打断。As soon as the winner of Nobel Prize of physics appeared before the faculty and students ,the hall broke into a sea of cheers.And his speech was punctuated by deafening clapping.Unit 4

1.除非你在阅读过程中积极思考，否则是不大可能理解逻辑学的文章的。

You are not likely to grasp an article on logic unless you think actively in the course while writing.2.依作者所见，阅读一本好书的最有效的方法之一是在阅读时动手评注。

According to the author ,one of the most effective ways to read a good book is by writing between the lines while reading.3.他全神贯注地投入在一项克隆实验工作上，根本没有察觉到我进入实验室。

He was so absorbed in one of his cloning experimets that he wasn’t aware of my entering the laboratory at all.4.我不认为幸福在于获取自己所需，我认为性欲在于为社会尽责任。

I don’t think happiness consists in obtaining what you need ,I believe happiness consists in doing what you can for socity.5.气压，氧气和温度是宇航员在月球上赖以生存的基本条件。

Air pressure ,oxygen and temperature are among the conditions indispensable to the survival of the astronauts on the moon.6.从某种意义上说，研究生也属于科研人员。

In a certain sense ,postgraduate students are also researchers.7.他宁愿把所观察到的东西，无论大事小事，都用笔记下来，也不愿用脑记，因为他相信这么一句话，“好记性不如烂笔头。

He would rather set down what he has obseved,important or trival ,in his notebook than commit it to his memory ,because he believes in the remark that “The worst pen is better than the best memory”.8.学生原本指望他会解释锐利观察和逻辑思维为何是科学研究必不可少的品质，但是他的一番讲话不仅没有使人明白，倒反而使人更糊涂了。

He was suppose to explain to the students why sharp observation and logical thinking were indispensable qualities to research work ,but his talk was more confusing than clarifying.9.根据他所提出来的外语学习的理论，一个人在精神松弛的状态下学习英语要比在精神集中的状态下学习英语更有效。

According to his theory of foreign language learning ,one can better learn English in a state of relaxation than in a state of concentration.10.计划和列提纲只是写作的前奏曲，一篇论文的撰写还需要经过初稿，修改，编审等环节。

Planning and outlining are only a prelude to writing.Drafting ,revising and editing are necessary steps required of thsis wrting.Unit 6

1.他作为一名著名演员其实并不轻松。他必须不断提高演技以迎接新的挑战。

Being a famous actor ,he actually does not have an easy time of it.He must constantly improve his acting to meet new challenges.2.校报上宣布，国际劳动节的夜晚将举行盛大校友晚会。

As was announced in the universary newspaper ,a grand alumni party will be held on the evening of the International Labour Day.3.激动地孩子们度过了一个未眠之夜，于次日前便拂晓前便起身去海边，满怀希望能见到日出。

After a sleepless night ,the excited children got up before dawn the next day and headed for the sea in the hope that they could see the sunrise.4.这名心理学教授退休后不甘闲逸，开始从事儿童教育游戏的开发工作。

Agter retirement ,the psychology professor,unwilling to live an inactive life ,took to developing educational games for children.5.越来越多的国家通过了严禁任何人在国境线内任意猎取野生动物的法律。

An increasing number of countries have passed the law which forbids anyone to hunt wildlife at will on the territory of their countries.6.看到这些孩子熟练地在因特网上搜去信息，我便想起了我的孩提时代。那是我不知道电脑除了文字处理之外还能做什么。

The sight of the children’s skiilful serch for information on the Internet brought o my mind my own childhood.At that time I had no idea of what else a computer could do besides word processing.7.我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。

I don’t know if it is always the case in the animal world that stronger animals prey upon the weaker ones.8.许多人对他们所居住的城市里雨后春笋地冒出摩天大楼而深感自豪，他们还误以为摩天大楼是现代化的同义词呢。

Many people are very proud of the skyscrapers that have mushroomed in their cities ,with the mistake idea that skyscrapers are the synonym of modernization.9.我不认为这是一起偶然时间。从车子被撞的样子来看，这肯定是蓄意谋杀。

I don’t think it was an accident ,Judging from the way the car was hit ,it was definitely a deliberate murder.10.掌握好体操技巧需要多年的训练，掌握好英语技能也是如此。

The mastery of gymnastic skills requires years of training.The same is true with the mastery of English skills.Unit 7

1.他们一直在痛苦中等待，直至警察救出了他们被绑架女儿的消息传来。

They had been waiting in anguish until the news came that the police had rescued their kidnapped daughter.2.情绪激动的老人打开儿子从海外寄来的信，他越想控制住发抖的双手，他们发抖的越厉害。

The emotional old man opened the letter his son sent him from overseas.The harder he tried to control his trembling hands ,the more trembling they became.3.虽然他们从狼的口中救出了那头羊，但看到羊全身痛苦地抽搐着，他们感到很难受。

They saved the sheep form the grip of the wolf ,but it hurt them very badly to see the wounded sheep writing in pain.4.他一步不停地跑向火车站，到那里时已经气喘吁吁，满头大汗。

He ran all the way to the railway station without stopping and when he arrived there,he was out of breath with sweat trickling down his cheeks.5.一场突如其来的瓢泼大雨使路人仓皇逃向路边的商店避雨。

A studden dowmpour sent the pedestrians scurrying for shelter in the stores along the streets.6.看到受伤的水牛在狮子的围攻中痛苦地挣扎，猎人出于怜悯开枪将它打死。

Seeing the wounded buffalo struggling in pain under the attack of the lions ,the hunter shot it dead out of pity.7.尽管实验一次次的失败，他们的热情非但没有消失，反而更加高涨。

Althouth their experiments failed again and again ,their enthusiasm ,instead of ebbing away ,was rising.8.他们从未料到新的合作者竟然是个无耻之徒。当再次相见时，他们的怨气和他的鄙视油然而生。It never occurred to them that their new parner was such a mean person.A swelling feeling of rage and contempt rose in them when they met again.9.尽管他做了最好的准备，但一想到将在拳击场上面对那个世界冠军，便不寒而栗。

Although he was well prepared ,he felt an involuntary chill on his back at the thought of fighting in the boxing ring with the world champion.10当大夫告诉他这只是一次小手术，时间不会超过一个小时时，他脸上露出了将信将疑的神色。When the doctor told him that it was only a minor operation that would take no more than an hour ,there was an incredulous look on his face.Unit 8

1.我连汽车都不会开，更不用说飞机了。I can’t drive a car ,let alone fly an airplane.2.北极居住着各族人民。与北极显然不同的是，南极却没有永久性的居民，因为那里的气候不利于人类生存。

The Artic is populated with people of different nationalities ,The Antarctic ,in contrast ,has no premanent residents because the climate there is unfavourable to human survival.3.虽然她在接受心脏手术后自我感觉正常，但是医生却坚持认为她应该隔天去医院检查一次。

Although she felt like a normal person after the heart surgery ,the doctor insisted that she should go to the hospital for examination every other day.4.挂不得他们一场一场地输球，他们已好久没有训练了。

Small wonder they lost the games time and again ,they had been out of training for quite some time.5.我总觉得相当数量的董事会成员会强烈反对我们的改革计划。

I am inclined to think that there will be strong opposition to our reform plan among quite a few board members.6.公司上上下下都认为新来的总经理目光远大，足智多谋，富有竞争意识。

The employees of the company at all levels think of their new manger as farsighted ,resourceful and highly competitive.7.我们不能姑息任何人的有害社会秩序的行为，不管他是谁，不管他来自何处。

No matter who he is or where he is from ,we cannot tolerate anyone’s behaviour that is jnjurious to social order.8.所有那些声称见过神秘野人的人都肯定地认为，野人最显著的特征是巨大的身材。

Those who claimed to have set eyes on the musterious savage in the forst all affirmed that the most distinctive feature of the savage was its huge size.9.关于小岛上饮用水的质量问题，据登岛探险家的报道，岛上的水有一种甘甜清新的味道。

As regards the quality of the drinking water on that small island ,the explorers who set foot on the island reported that it was sweet ,pleasant and refreshing.10.从经济收益方面来考虑，出版学术专著的主要问题在于这类书记的销量较少，平均每次印刷的数量只有数百本而已。

As far as the business porfits are concerned ,the main drawback of the publicationof academic treatises is that they usually do not smell well ,with ad average number of only several hundred copied for each printing.Unit 9

1.我真的怀疑经过处理的饮用水能够提供人类健康所必需的矿物质。

I really doubt if the treated drinking water will truly provide sufficient minerals that are essential to human health.2.灿烂雅文化是如何从地球上突然消失的？这始终是一个难解之谜。

As to how the splendid Maya Culture disapprared all of a sudden from the earth ,it remains a mustery hard to solve.3.当弄清楚是一只大老鼠导致传动系统中断运动时，我们都松了一口气。不久传送系统便恢复了正常运转。When it was made plain that it was a big rat that had caused the breakdown of the transmission system ,we all felt relieved.soon the system was brought to its norml operation.4.当他得知他因年事已高而不能参加这次航天旅行时，他几乎陷入绝望。为了参加这次梦寐以求的旅行，他足足准备了三年。

He was almost driven to despair when he learned that he was considered too old to take part in the space voyage.He had spend three years preparing for this long-dreamed-of trip.5.由于该地区唯一的交通工具是毛驴，这次旅行简直是一场灾难。我们大部分时间都是在驴背上颠簸。大家几乎被炎热的天气和飞扬的尘土所窒息。

The trip turned out to be a disaster ,for the only means of transport available in that area were donkeys.We spend most of our time joggling on the backs of these animals ,almost stifled by the heat and swirling dust.6.他不是一个很受学生欢迎的教授，因为他在讲课时总是走题和拖堂。

He was not a very popular professor among the students because he would invariably wander off his topic during the course of his lecture and drag the class into the time for break.7.这个大收藏家声称，他的收藏品里有几幅价值连城的画，没有人买得起。

The prominent collector declared that his collection included some invaluable paintings that no one could afford to buy.8.为了挽救被蝎子所叮的小孩的生命，村民们想方设法减缓毒素产生的作用。

To save the life of the little boy stung by a scorpion ,the villagers used all the means and ways available to reduce the effect of poisoning.9.这座城市举办的一年一度的冰雕节吸引了来自全国的各类人士。

The annnual Ice Sculpture Festival in this town attracted all manner of people from all over the country.10.由于战争和自然灾害，一些国家陷入极度贫困中。联合国的一名官员强调，正因为如此，发达国家应承担责任，为发展中国家的经济发展做出新的贡献。

新编英语教程unit4exe 篇5

New Practical English 2

Unit One

Invitation Etiquette Teaching Objective In “Talking Face to Face”, learn how to invite friends to attend a party or a dance in oral English.In “Being All Ears”, students will fine tune their listening and comprehension skills through exercises relating to inviting people out.In “Maintaining a Sharp Eye”, students will learn how foreign people deal with invitations, when one wants to accept or does not accept.In “Trying Your Hand”, get some practical experience and writing a invitation and a reply to the invitation one gets.Teaching Procedures

Section I Talking Face to Face

1.Warm-up:

Patterns and expressions for talking about invitations: I’d like to invite you to dinner.我想请你吃晚饭。

Why don’t you come and join us for disco? 你为什么不和我们一起跳迪斯科？ It’s very kind of you to invite me.谢谢你邀请我。

How nice of you!Many thanks.你真好！多谢。

I’d love to.That would be great.我很愿意去。太好了！

Oh, dear, I’m afraid I’m busy tonight.Perhaps tomorrow evening? 哦，亲爱的，今晚我很忙。明晚也许可以吧？

Could you make it another time, perhaps next Sunday? 你能改个时间吗，下个星期天怎样？

It’s very kind of you, but you see I’ll have to prepare for my exam.非常感谢，可你知道我得准备考试。

I’m sorry I can’t, but thank you all the same.真抱歉，我不能去。可还是要谢谢你。

2.Introduction of the samples of invitation cards and letters 3.Practice the two dialogues in Follow the Samples 4.Practice dialogues according to the given tasks

Unit 1

New Practical English 2

Thank you.I’ll be happy to come.谢谢．我很高兴接受你的邀请． I’d love to.That would be great.我很愿意去．太好了． Thank you for invitation.谢谢你的邀请． I’d be glad to come.我很高兴前往．

3．Expressions for Declining an Invitation I’d love to, but I can’t come.我很想参加，但是不能来．

Thank you for your invitation, but I don’t think I can make it.感谢你的邀请，但我恐怕不能赴约． Unfortunately, I’m already busy that day.很遗憾，我那天事情太多了．

It’s very kind of you, but you see I’ll have to prepare for my exam.非常感谢，可你知道我得准备考试。

I’m sorry I can’t, but thank you all the same.真抱歉，我不能去。可还是要谢谢你。

Could you make it another time, perhaps next Sunday?

你能改个时间吗，下个星期天怎样？

Sentence Writing

Word Order in a Subordinate Clause 从句的顺序

在写英语复合句时，除了需要注意照应主句与从句的时态、人称、连接词语 等等之外，还应特别致意从句部分的语序。

英语从句经常用疑问词引导，如what, who等，但与疑问词引导的简单问句不同。从句不使用疑问句语序，而使用陈述句语序，即按主语在前、谓语在后的顺序排列。还应注意，因为从句不使用疑问倒装结构，所以一般现在时和一般过去时不再用do, does, did等助动词帮助构成从句结构。

1．常用来引导从句的疑问词有what, when ,where, who, whether, how等，这些疑问词一般仍保留原有的疑问含义。

She wanted to know when my brother had visited Paris.她想知道我哥哥什么时候游览过巴黎。

Could you please tell me where we are going.你能告诉我我们到哪里去吗？

How he plays the trick is a secret.他怎么变这个戏法是个秘密。

2.Whether可以引导主语从句，if 不能引导主语从句，但是两者都能引导宾语从 句。引导宾语从句时，两者都表示“是否”的意思，只是if 后面不能加or not。1）主语从句

Whether he will accept the job is difficult to say.（对）

Unit 1

New Practical English 2

Section IV Maintaining a Sharp Eye Passage I Business Invitation Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1.(Para.1)Although invitations are usually sent through the mail, informal

invitations such as e-mails and phone invitations are becoming

more acceptable.Analysis: such as means “of the same kind, like” and should be followed by

nouns or noun phrases.Translation: 虽然邀请函通常通过信函方式发出，但目前像电子邮件、电话邀请等非正式邀请越来越被普遍使用。

Example: Our discussions were all about issues such as education and climate change.2.(Para.4)It’s also acceptable to include an RSVP notation and your phone

number or address on the invitation for more accurate planning.Analysis: It’s also acceptable to do … means “It’s also good enough to be

received to do …”

Translation: 如果为了使计划更加周密，也可以在邀请函中加上请回复的字样，以及电话号码或联系地址。

Example: It’s acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st.3.(Para.5)If a “Please reply by” a given date is included in the invitation, be polite enough to reply by that date.Analysis: If … is a conditional clause followed by an imperative sentence

Translation: 如果邀请函中包括“请于某日之前回复”的字样，则需要在规定日期前回复。

Example: If you choose to invite your guests by phone, remind them again in writing two weeks before the gathering.4.(Para.6)Never ask to bring a guest unless the invitation states “Mr.Louis Winthorp and Guest.”

Analysis: Never … unless … is “double negative”, which means “You can bring a guest if the invitation states …”

Translation: 如若邀请函上没有说明“邀请某某先生和朋友”，不要向邀请方要求带同伴。

Example: Some people are never happy unless they are in the limelight showing off.Important Words 1.in advance

before in time 提前

e.g.Can I sign up for this course in advance? Quality Buildings usually hire its temporary workers well in advance as the need arises.2.seminar n.a small class of usually advanced students meeting to study some subject with a

Unit 1

New Practical English 2

Passage II An Invitation Letter

Text-Related Information

This is an informal invitation letter between friends.The tone of this letter is casual.The language is not so formal.This kind of informal invitation letter is often in the third person.For example, “in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.” “and it would be nice if you could come then, too.” But a formal invitation card is usually written in the third person.Text Explanation Para.1 November 2002 My dear Michael，It seems ages since we heard from you — and even longer since you went to work in China.But recently we happened to bump into Charlie Wright at a party, and from him we learnt that you and Lucia will be coming to England over the Christmas holidays.So I am writing straightaway — to make sure this reaches you well before you leave Shanghai — in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.Language Points:

1.Explanation of Difficult Sentences 1)It seems ages since we heard from you Analysis: It seems ages since...means “it seems a long time since...” Translation: 似乎很长时间没有收到你的信了。

Example: It seems ages since I saw you in Shanghai.2)So I am writing straightaway — to make sure this reaches you well before you leave Shanghai — in the hope that it will be possible for you both to spend a few days with us during your stay in England.Analysis: To make sure… is an adverbial of purpose, and in the hope, a prepositional phrase used also as an adverbial of purpose.Translation: 所以我马上写信，好让你在离开上海之前肯定收到这封信 —— 希望你们俩能在英格兰逗留期间和我们一起住几天。

Example: I am sending this card to you today —to make sure you receive it before the Christmas Day.2.Important Words

1)bump into meet somebody by chance 偶然碰到, 偶然遇到

e.g.We bumped into Kate when we were in London last week.She bumped into his tray, knocking the food onto his lap.2)straightaway ad.do without delay, especially it has to be done urgently 马上，立刻

e.g.I’ll come around straightaway with the files.We’d better start work straightaway.Unit 1

New Practical English 2

1.Explanation of Difficult Sentences 1)I am still working for Sanderson’s and liking it well enough — though occasionally pining for the footloose days of long ago.Analysis: Sanderson’s here refers to Sanderson’s company;though is introducing a participle clause pining for...and serving as the adverbial of concession.Translation: 我还在桑德森公司工作，而且工作很称心 —— 虽然偶尔我也渴 望从前自由自在日子。

Example: They are working happily with Kent’s, though sometimes pining for the footloose school days.2.Important Words

1)terrify v.frighten someone severely 威胁，恐吓

e.g.We terrified the girls with spooky stories.He terrified her by jumping out at her from a dark alley.2)pine for v.strongly desire(esp.something which is difficult or impossible to obtain)渴望

e.g.It’s at this time of year that I start to pine for the snow-topped mountains.As a young girl, I always used to pine for a more glamorous existence.Para.5

I’d better stop here now;I’m supposed to be spending this evening writing Christmas cards.Write or phone as soon as you can —— and come!Love from us all!

Yours ever, Richard

新编应用文教程答案 篇6

一、单项选择题：

1、D2、C3、A4、C5、C6、A7、B8、C9、A10、C

二、多项选择题：

1、ABC2、AC3、ABCD4、ABCD5、CD6、BC7、ABC8、ABCD

三、简答题：

1、应用文有那些特点？举例说明。

（一）实用性

（二）政策性

（三）程式性

应用文需要考虑社会实际需要，内容必须符合实际，真实可靠，也不能违反党和国家的方针政策。应用文各种文体都有相对固定的格式，这些格式不能随便更改。

2、学好应用文写作应该从哪几方面下功夫？

（一）要不断提高自己的思想理论修养。如此。才能写出观点正确、鲜明的文章来。

（二）要多读、多行、多练。如果不多读，视野就不开阔，水平就很难提高。多行，就是多实践，多钻研业务。多练就是把写作理论转化为技能。

3、应用文语言的平易性要求是指什么？

就是要求在语言运用上不要求过分形容渲染，不使用曲笔，不能有弦外之音，不要使用生僻难懂的字词，少用或不用修辞手法。

4、行政公文的行文方式有哪几种？

（一）上行文，通常有逐级上行文，多级同时上行文和越级上行文三种方式。

（二）下行文，下行文一般采用逐级下行文和多级下行文的方式。

（三）平行文，其代表性稳重是函，有的通知也可以当作平行文来使用。

5、要写好报告的主体，需注意什么问题？

报告的主体主要写报告事项，要围绕报告的目的和主旨陈述基本事实。如果是工作报告，应先写工作报告的基本情况，然后写成绩和做法及效果，最后写存在的问题和今后的工作设想。如果是情况报告，应先陈述事实，然后分析原因，对事情的认识和处理，最后写解决措施。

6、如何写好新闻的导语？

导语是新闻的核心点，它由最新鲜、最主要的事实或精辟的议论组成。导语的写作要开门见山，直截了当入题。常见的导语写作方法有以下几种？

（1）叙述式导语。通过摘要或概括的方法，简明扼要地反映出新闻中最重要、最新鲜的事实，给读者一个总的印象。

（2）描写式导语。对新闻报道中的主要事实或某个有意义的侧面进行简练的描写，给读者一个生动具体的印象，增强新闻的感染力。

四、分析题：

1、请示和报告有什么区别？为什么不能为“请示报告”？

请示和报告都是上行文，它们的区别主要有以下几个方面。

（1）行文目的不同。请示是向上级机关请求指示、批准、目的是要求上级机关答复。报告是向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关的询问，目的是让上级机关了解情况，不要求上级机关答复。

（2）主送机关数量不同。请示只能写一个主送机关，报告可以在遇到灾情、疫情等紧急情况需多级机关尽快知道时写多个主送机关。

（3）内容不同。请示必须一文一事，问题单

一、篇短，一般只写请示的事项及有关问题。不写工作过程和具体情况，具有请求的性质。报告一般内容多，篇幅较长，侧重于概括陈述情况，总结经验教训，具有陈述性质。

（4）结语不同。请示不能省略结语，报告可以省略结语。

（5）行文时间不同，请示不必须事前行文。报告没有严格的时间限制，通常是在事后行文。

因为写成“请示报告”，就有可能在请示中写报告的事项或是在报告中夹带请示事项，按照《办法》规定，上级对下级的报告不作批复。写成“请示报告”，会造成公文处理的混乱。

2、经济合同的写作要注意哪些问题？

一、要熟悉相关法律法规、方针、政策。

订立合同，必须遵守国家先关的法律法规，不得违反国家有关方针、政策。因此，订立合同的当事人必须熟悉《合同法》、《民法通则》等法律，了解国家的有关政策，以保证自己所订立的合同，不致因违反国家法律、政策的规定而无效。

二、合同条款要完备、明确。

合同条款是合同的主要内容，通过具体的条款，当事人的权利义务得以定型。因此，每项条款都要订得具体、完善，力求做到定义严谨、界定精确、责权分明，不能使用内涵不清或交叉、多义的概念。合同是一个有机的统一的整体，在注意条款完备的同时，还应保持条款之间前后的衔接一致，不能前后矛盾，在执行时无所适从。

（三）文字严谨、标点符号规范。

合同的语言表达要求用词确切，规范严谨，切忌使用含混不清，模棱两可或易产生歧义的文句。语言不规范，双方责任不明，容易产生纠纷，不利于合同的履行。标点符号的正确使用，在合同中也十分重要，一个符号的错用误用，往往结果谬以千里。

3、市场预测报告与市场调查报告有什么区别？

市场预测报告和市场调查报告，都是随着商品经济的发展应运而生的应用文体，两者都属于调查报告的范畴，既有联系又有较大的差异。

1、反映的对象不同。市场预测报告以过去和现在为基础，着重反映的是市场的未来变化和趋势，而市场调查报告反映的重点是市场的过去和现状。

2、写作目的不同。市场预测报告着眼于未来，在调查的基础上，通过对材料的归纳、分析、推理、判断，得出对未来的一种结论，为企业提供决策依据，使企业赢得生产和经营管理的主动权。市场调查报告一般是了解过去，认识现状，总结经验，发现问题，用以调整策略，从而指导生产和经营活动。

新编英语教程unit4exe 篇7

关键词：《新编基础声乐教程》,音乐学专业,声乐教学

2013年4月,由湖南人民出版社出版的《新编基础声乐教程》正式发行,这是湖南城市学院“21世纪地方本科院校应用型音乐人才培养规划教材”的成果之一,也是新时期我校音乐学专业的一次革命性教学技术改革的开始。

改革至今,我校音乐学专业声乐教学已取得非常大的影响和骄人的成绩。从教学内容、课堂气氛到课后练习与课外实践等方面,都与以往有了翻天覆地的变化。在校生的学习氛围得到更好的发展,学习效率得到进一步的提升;毕业生的综合素质以及就业率都得到了很大的提升。通过近两年的基于《新编基础声乐教程》的教学实践与摸索,不单在音乐学专业取得了一定的成绩,在音乐表演以及全校公共选修课的课程上,该教材也帮助许多学生得到了声乐演唱及教学上的进一步提升。这里,着重对音乐学专业的声乐教学进行一个系统的阐述。

一、精心的教材分析和教学设计

地方本科院校音乐学专业声乐教学目的,简单说来是:培养适应时代发展需求,具备一定的声乐理论基础、教学能力以及舞台演唱能力,为社会输送更多非专业的声乐爱好者和专业的声乐教师、演唱者,为推广和普及我国传统声乐文化、融合发展国外优秀声乐文化而努力奋斗。

《新编基础声乐教程》主要是针对音乐学专业《基础声乐》课程的,教学对象为大一、大二的学生,课程为5-8人一节的小组课。基于本书,我们的教学设计有步骤的分为两个学年,四个学期。每个学期都由四个部分组成,分别是:歌唱的基本常识、歌唱发声训练、教学曲目简介以及声乐讲座。而在相同的教学内容中,又细化了一些原则:第一学期以中国外著名艺术歌曲为主;第二学期以传统民歌和创作歌曲为主;第三学期以多种形式的演唱为主:齐唱、合唱、重唱和表演唱相继出现;第四学期以儿童歌曲、戏剧戏曲、歌舞表演以及音乐游戏为主。声乐讲座分别介绍了声乐发声基本知识、中外著名歌唱家教育家以及中外声乐发展概况。每个学期根据教学目的要求不同,进行针对性的教学教案设计。

二、教学内容的创新

1.必须保证教学主线不变。作为声乐课程的教学,基本的发声训练是基础,不过,应当有一定的创新。改革后,以《新编基础声乐教程》为教材,有针对性的,根据教材中所列举的练声曲进行教学,该书有69条发声练习,可以很好的满足学生的学习需求。集体练声,根据学生不同声部进行分组练习,练习的曲目及音高也不一样,这样能更好的满足每个学生学习的需要。

2.在练声之后,对歌曲演唱计入了更多的演唱形式,丰富学生的声乐演唱知识、增长学生的专业知识。

之前提到,每个学期的教学曲目和曲目演唱形式都呈现出多样式发展。从中外艺术歌曲到齐唱、合唱,再到儿童歌曲和戏剧戏曲的演唱,几乎涵盖了声乐演唱各个领域。这也就是对学生综合素质和全面的专业素质的培养。如此多的教学曲目表演形式,可以让学生在获得知识的同时,更加自信并有效的面对以后所要从事的行业。

以儿童歌曲为例:我们在大二第二学期进行儿童歌曲的教学,旨在让学生能了解以后他们中大部分人所要面对的群体——中小学学生,他们必须在通过教师对他们进行儿童歌曲教学的过程中,不断揣摩和学习,找到更加适合自己的教学方式。在教学中,教师可以要求每个学生轮流担任声乐教师,其他学生充当中小学生,进行模拟中小学音乐课教学,通过一两个例子举一反三,还可以用人教版中小学音乐教材做辅助,让学生更加早的进入角色,完全可以在大四实习之前更加早的投入到声乐教学中来。这样,我们就达到了培养适合社会发展的中小学教师的目的。

3.声乐讲座的引入。其中涵盖了声乐发声技巧、中外声乐家、声乐教育家以及中外声乐发展概况等。声乐讲座的引入,能更好的达到理论联系实际的目的。学生对声乐理论知识的了解是有必要的,这就让声乐演唱和教学有章可循。讲座的内容涵盖面较广,学生能更加清楚声乐艺术的历史及未来的发展方向。通过声乐技巧的讲座,能使学生更加准确的使用声乐教学用语,更好的起到文化传承与发展的作用。

三、结语