艾玛沃特森（精选6篇）
艾玛沃特森 篇1
一、引言
女性主义修辞批评的诞生与发展与女性主义运动息息相关,美国历史上的三次女性主义浪潮“不仅催生了女性主义修辞批评,也为这种批评范式在方法论上的多样性提供了条件”。[1](P9)福斯(Foss)认为“修辞批评的女性主义视角,是对修辞行为进行分析和评价,为男女进行一种特定的定义”。[2]首先,女性主义修辞批评依赖于“社会性别理论”,也就是,“社会性别可以建构”因为“社会文化”是“造成男女不平等的原因”,意在“描写和阐释修辞者如何通过修辞话语建构性别并影响他人”。[1](P10)在分析性别建构的基础上,指出“压迫、支配和歧视”确实存在于修辞话语中,并对其进行“挑战”,达到女性主义修辞批评的目的,改变女性在社会中的生存现状。[1](P12)在实际操作中,主要分为三步,“分析性别的建构”,“发掘修辞如何建构父权”,“发掘修辞如何抗拒父权”。[3]再者,女性主义修辞批评依赖于“语言哲学观”,因为“语言的运作在性别的建构中起了关键作用”,意在“找出那些与性别相关的偏见及其社会蕴涵,揭示性别偏见和社会不公的原因”。[1](P11)
二、文本背景
艾玛沃特森,英国女演员,因主演《哈利波特》系列电影中的赫敏一角而走红。虽年纪不大,但她却一直致力于女性运动。2014 年7 月,她被任命联合国妇女署亲善大使。同年9 月,她在位于纽约的联合国总部发表演讲,拉开联合国女性运动He For She的帷幕,还以此身份访问了乌拉圭,并在该国发表演说,强调女性参政权的重要性。2015 年1 月,在世界经济论坛上就性别平等发表演讲。[4]
“他为她”运动是一项旨在激励男性共同参与争取性别平等的活动。艾玛沃特森作为年轻女性的代表站出来为女性发声是十分适合的。首先,她拥有一定的知名度;其次,她的高学历为她树立了良好的形象;第三,她一直活跃在女性运动中。艾玛沃特森强调女性主义的定义应该是“相信男性和女性应该拥有平等权利和机会。它是性别间政治、经济和社会平等的理论”[5]。
三、性别建构
首先,艾玛沃特森的身份是联合国妇女亲善大使,而她此次演讲的目的是呼吁“结束性别不平等”。[5]她告诉观众“他”才是“他为她”运动中更为重要的因素,而非“她”。她号召更多的男性应该参与到争取性别平等的运动中,而不是认为事不关己。
在艾玛沃特森所进行的女性性别建构中,女性是处于弱势地位的,默默忍受着性别不平等带来的结果。正如她所描述的她与她朋友的经历,她在8 岁时因想在上演的戏剧中担任导演而被认为“专横”;14 岁时开始被媒体报道的某些元素“性别化”;她的朋友在15 岁时因害怕“肌肉发达”开始退出运动队。[5]
艾玛沃特森所构建的男性性别与传统意义上高大的男性形象不同,她关注到的是男性性别中脆弱的一面,指出实际上男性也在接受着性别不平等。第一,在家庭中,母亲的角色被认为远比父亲的角色有价值,尽管孩子的成长需要父亲和母亲的共同参与。父亲在家庭中得不到足够的尊重和重视,这是由男主外女主内这一传统价值标准造成的。第二,男性在不得不面对来自家庭和社会的压力的同时,“自杀成为了20-49岁男性的最大杀手”。[5]对于男性来说,一个被社会所认可的成功男士所要付出的远比想象的多。因此,艾玛沃特森向男性提出“性别平等也与你们有关”,“性别不平等对男性也没有好处”[5]。
男性与女性有各自的优势和劣势,但是女性的劣势在很大程度上被无限放大,因而女性需要为自己的身份而战,展示自己的优势。同时,男性的优势代表着他们的尊严和荣誉,需要他们不遗余力地进行捍卫。其实,“男人和女人都可以敏感”,“男人和女人都可以强壮”。[5]艾玛沃特森从她独特的角度对男性和女性进行性别建构,以此扩大演讲的受众面,一方面呼吁女性继续为她们遭遇的不平等而努力,另一方面更多的是呼吁男性应该站出来为了他们自己支持性别平等。
四、父权的存在和对父权的挑战
“父权”是“主流文化观念”,也是造成“男女性别角色”关系“主体和他者”的原因。[1](P10)“他为她”运动体现了父权的存在。联合国妇女署的存在就是为了尽可能地消除性别不平等,维护妇女权益。艾玛沃特森也在演讲中列举了一些数据和例子,也许需要“75 年”甚至“100 年”才能做到“男女同工同酬”;到“2086 年”,“非洲农村都无法实现所有女孩能接受中等教育”;“1550万”女孩会在未来“16 年”被迫“童婚”。[5]女性的处境依然糟糕,仍然遭受来自父权社会的迫害。
作为父权中心的男性,实则正在遭受着父权的内部崩塌。在艾玛沃特森的演讲中,男性不再是强权的象征,他们也拥有生理和心理上的软弱。与直接呼吁女性站起来为自身权益挑战父权的做法不同,艾玛沃特森将目光聚焦到男性身上,质疑父权社会下的男性形象并不是那么高大,希望男性可以正视自己,由此艾玛沃特森含蓄地挑战了父权,达到此次演讲呼吁男女性别平等的目的。
五、语言分析
语言也是体现性别不平等的重要方面,因为“性别是语言运作的结果”。[1](P11)在讲述自身与其朋友的经历时,艾玛沃特森用到“专横”(bossy)来概述他人对于她的评价。“专横”的中文解释是“专断强横”,但是这个词却被用在一个8 岁女孩的身上,原因是她想在上演的戏剧中担任导演。导演在一部戏剧中所要发挥的作用显而易见,由一个女孩担任却无法被接受。“肌肉发达”(muscly)则是另一个性别不平等的体现。对于男性来说,“肌肉发达”是阳刚之气的完美展现,但是女性却因为害怕成为男性眼光中的“异类”而退出了运动队。这两个词对于男性来说并非坏事,但是对于女性却是带有贬义色彩的。
六、结语
女性主义修辞批评与女性运动紧密相联,与女性运动共同发展。本文以艾玛沃特森在联合国“他为她”运动的演讲为文本,运用女性主义修辞批评这一范式,认为艾玛沃特森在演讲中重新进行了性别建构,目前女性还是在社会的方方面面遭受着来自父权社会的压迫。与之相对的男性,虽然处于父权的中心,实则也在经历着性别不平等,艾玛沃特森将她的目光扩展到了之前一直置身事外的男性身上,诉说出他们身体以及心理上相同的脆弱之处,由此达到她呼吁男性参与到女性运动中来,一起为性别平等做出努力。
摘要：本文通过应用女性主义修辞批评这一西方修辞批评的重要范式之一,对艾玛沃特森在联合国为“他为她”运动所做的演讲进行分析,以女性主义修辞批评的社会性别理论和语言哲学观为理论基础,阐释艾玛沃特森在演讲中进行性别建构和向父权挑战的过程,以及演讲话语中体现的偏见,从而揭示性别不平等对社会产生的影响。
关键词：女性主义修辞批评,“他为她”运动,艾玛沃特森
艾玛沃特森 篇2
Speech by UN Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson at a special event for the HeForShe campaign, United Nations Headquarters, New York, 20 September
2014 Your excellences, UN Secretary-General, president of the General Assembly, executive Director of UN Women and distinguished guests it is an honour for me tobe here today.Today we are launching a campaign called “HeForShe.”
I am reaching out to you because I need your help.We want to end gender inequality—and to do that we need everyone involved.This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN: we want to try and galvanize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change.And we don’t just want to talk about it, we want to try and make sure that it is tangible.I was appointed as goodwill ambassador for UN women six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating.If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop.For the record, feminism by definition is: “The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.It is the theory of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes.”
I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago.When I was eight I was confused at being called “bossy,” because I wanted to direct the plays we would put on for our parents—but the boys were not.When at 14 I started being sexualized by certain elements of the media.When at 15 my girlfriends started dropping out of their sports teams because they didn’t want to appear “muscly.”
When at 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings.I decided that I was a feminist and this seemed uncomplicated to me.But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word.Women are choosing not to identify as feminists.Apparently I am among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men, unattractive, even.Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain andIthink it is right that I am paid the same as my male counterparts.I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body.I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that willaffect my life.I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect as men.But sadly I can
艾玛沃特森联合国演讲
say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights.No country in the world can yet say that they have achieved gender equality.These rights I consider to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones.My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter.My school did not limit me because I was a girl.My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day.These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors that made who I am today.They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists who are changing the world today.We need more of those.And if you still hate the word—it is not the word that is important, it’s the idea and the ambition behind it, because not all women have received the same rights that I have.In fact, statistically, very few have been.In 1997, Hilary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights.Sadly many of the things she wanted to change are still true today.But what stood out for me the most was that less than 30 percent of her audiences were male.How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation? Men—I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation.Gender equality is your issue too.Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society despite my needing his presence as a child as much as my mother’s.I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness unable to ask for help for fear it would make them less “of a man” or less of “macho”—in fact in the UK suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20-49;eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease.I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success.Men don’t have the benefits of equality either.We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes but I can see that that they are and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence.If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive.If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled.Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive.Both men and women should feel free to be strong… It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum instead of two sets of opposing ideals.If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by
艾玛沃特森联合国演讲
who we are—we can all be freer and this is what HeForShe is about.It’s about freedom.I want men to take up this mantle.So their daughters, sisters and mothers can be free from prejudice but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too—reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned and in doing so be a more true and complete version of themselves.You might be thinking who is this Harry Potter girl? And what is she doing speaking at the UN.And it’s a really good question.I have been asking myself the same thing.All I know is that I care about this problem.And I want to make it better.And having seen what I’ve seen—and given the chance—I feel it is my responsibilityto say something.Statesman Edmund Burke said: “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and women to do nothing.”
In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt I’ve told myself firmly—if not me, who, if not now, when.If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you I hope that those words might be helpful.Because the reality is that if we do nothing it will take 75 years, or for me to be nearly a hundred before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work.15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children.And at current rates it won’t be until 2086 before all rural African girls can have a secondary education.If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists that I spoke of earlier.And for this I applaud you.We are struggling for a uniting world but the good news is we have a uniting movement.It is called HeForShe.I am inviting you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself if not me, who, if not now, when.Thank you very very much.艾玛沃特森联合国演讲
今天，我们启动了一项名为“他为她”的运动。
我向你伸出手，因为我需要你的帮助。我们希望终结性别不平等——为此，我们需要所有人都参与其中。
这是联合国同类运动中的第一项：我们希望努力并激励尽可能多的男人和男孩倡导性别平等。而且希望这(性别平等)不只是空谈，而是确确实实的看得见摸得着。
六个月前，我被任命为联合国妇女亲善大使。而随着我谈论女权主义越多，我越发现，“争取女性权益”太容易被当作是“憎恨男人”的同义词。如果说有一件事是我确实知道的，那就是，这样的误解必须停止。
必须郑重声明，女权主义的定义是：“相信男性和女性应该拥有平等权利和机会。它是性别间政治、经济和社会平等的理论。”
8岁时，我开始质疑某些基于性别的假设。我不明白，为什么我想在为家长[微博]上演的戏剧里担任导演，就会被说成“专横”，而男孩们则不会;14岁时，我开始被媒体报道的某些元素性别化;15岁时，我的女性朋友们开始退出各自的运动队，因为她们不希望显得“肌肉发达”;18岁时，我的男性朋友们无法表达他们的感受。
我认为自己是一名女权主义者，这(身份认定)对我来说并不难。但我最近的调查发现，女权主义已经成为一个不受欢迎的词。
显然，我成了那些言辞看起来过于强势、过于激进、孤立、反男性、不吸引人的女性行列中的一员。
为什么这个词如此令人不安? 我来自英国，我认为身为女性，我应该和男性同行获得一样的报酬。我认为我应该自己为自己的身体做决定。我认为应该有女性代表我参与政治，以及我的国家的决策制定。我认为在社会上，我应该和男性获得相同的尊重。但遗憾的是，世界上没有一个国家能使所有的女性都能获得上述权利。
世界上没有一个国家能说，他们已经实现了性别平等。
这些权利，我认为是每个人都该享有，然而(事实是)我只是众多幸运儿中的一个。我的生活是完完全全的特例，因为我的父母没有因为我生为女儿而减少对我的爱，我的学校没有因为我是女孩而限制我，我的导师没有因为我将来可能要生孩子而认为我会走不远。这些影响了我的人，都是性别平等大使，是他们造就了今天的我。他们也许并不知道，但他们是无心的女权主义者。而我们现在，则需要更多这样的人。所以，如果你仍然憎恨这个词——重要的不是这个词，而是它背后的想法和抱负。因为并不是所有女性都能够享有我所拥有的权利。事实上，从统计数据看，真的非常少。
1997年，希拉里克林顿在北京做了一个关于女性权益的着名演讲。很遗憾，很多她希望改变的事实今天仍存在。
我注意到，听众里只有30%是男性。当只有世界上的一半的人参与并融入这场对话时，我们怎么可能做出影响世界的改变?
艾玛沃特森联合国演讲
男人们——我希望利用这个机会正式的邀请你们加入。性别平等也与你们有关。因为到目前为止，我看到，我父亲作为家长所发挥的作用被社会所低估，虽然作为孩子，我所需要的他的陪伴和我需要母亲的一样多。
我看到，年轻男性因为害怕自己显得不够“男子汉大丈夫”，从而在承受心理困扰时窘于寻求帮助——事实上，在英国，自杀已经是20-49岁男性的第一死亡原因，比交通事故、癌症和冠心病造成的死亡都多。我看到，男人因为对男性成功的扭曲理解而感到脆弱和不安全。性别不平等对男性也没有好处。
我们并不常谈及男人因为性别刻板印象而入狱，不过我可以看到，事情真是这样。并且当他们自由时，女性的境遇也会自然发生变化。
如果男性不再为了被认可而变得强势好斗，女性也不会再感到被迫逆来顺受。如果男性不再被迫掌控一切，女性也不会再被迫受掌控。
男人和女人都可以敏感;男人和女人都可以强壮„„是时候把性别理解为光谱，而不是南辕北辙的两派。
如果我们不再把对方定义为自己的对立面，而是把对方定义为我们的一员——我们都会更加自由。这就是“他为她”运动所倡导的。这就是自由。
我希望男性负起这个责任。这样他们的女儿、姐妹和母亲都能够拥有免于偏见的自由，同时，他们的儿子也能被允许脆弱和感性——拥有这些他们曾经摈弃的特质，他们才是更真实和完整的自己。
你可能会想，这个从《哈利波特》里走出的姑娘是谁?她在联合国的讲台上做什么?这是一个好问题。相信我，我也问过自己相同的问题。我不知道我是否够格站在这里。我所知道的是我关心这个问题。我希望它能变好。
同时，因为我目睹过那些事情——并且我又有机会——我感到自己有责任说些什么。英国政治家埃德蒙德?伯克曾说：“恶势力要想取胜很容易，只要足够多的、善良的男人和女人们什么都不做就可以了。”
当我为这次演讲感到紧张和疑虑时，我坚定的告诉自己——如果不是我，那又该是谁;如果不是现在，那又该是何时?如果当你面对机会时也有类似的疑虑，希望这些话能对你有所帮助。
因为现实是，如果我们什么也不做，那么女性实现与男性同工同酬需要花上75年，而要我说，这恐怕得花上几乎一百年。1550万女孩会在未来16年被迫童婚。同时，按现在的发展速度，在2086年以前，非洲农村都无法实现所有女孩都能接受中等教育。
如果你相信平等，你可能是我前头说到的那些无心的女权主义者的一员。为此，我为你鼓掌喝彩。
艾玛·沃特森 打破赫敏魔咒 篇3
To date she remains best known for her portrayal of Hermione， the driven student and resolutely loyal witch from the successful Harry Potter series.
But brace yourself for a whole new Emma Watson. There she is in The Perks of Being a Wallflower， all sweet and giddy， speaking with an American accent as Sam， a lost soul trying to find her footing as a high school senior.
The movie was Emma’s first major project after Harry Potter and she chose it precisely because Sam was so different from anyone she’d ever imagined playing.
“It was way out of my ‘comfort zone’. This movie has helped me shake off a lot of the fear and restrictions I put on myself，” she said at the Toronto International Film Festival.
“I’m slowly breaking down the barriers and giving myself permission to be an actress.”
The eight Harry Potter films she starred in have already made her rich and world-famous， but the 22-year-old British actress shares Hermione’s studiousness， having spent two years at Brown University before launching into a busy film schedule.
Yet， for all the worldliness that comes with her Hollywood experience， Emma said that growing up in a bubble of celebrity has left her feeling like a child when it comes to many things.
“There are some parts of me that feel very old， and then there are other parts of me that are probably going through adolescence，” Emma told USA Today.
Most importantly， however， her work ethic is grown-up. She has shot six films in two years—all parts of Emma’s mission to challenge herself by being as anti-Hermione as possible in her post-Potter endeavors.
In Sofia Coppola’s The Bling Ring， she will play a celebrity-obsessed Los Angeles teen who burgles the homes of Hollywood stars with a group of like-minded friends.
And she faces the apocalypse （as herself） at James Franco’s house in the comedy The End of the World.
After a decade as Hermione， Emma aims to give Harry Potter fans a taste of what she is capable of outside the world of witchcraft and wizardry.
“I hope what they can see is that I am able to transform， that there are other sides of me that perhaps they haven’t seen yet， and that they might allow me a little bit of room.” Emma said.
“I mean， just doing American really is different. People have said to me that they keep forgetting it’s me when they see the movie， which for me is more than enough. That’s a success in itself for me， really.”
迄今为止，她最为世人所熟知的银幕形象仍是《哈利·波特》系列电影中的赫敏一角，片中的她是勤奋用功的好学生，是果敢忠诚的女巫师。
而现在准备好迎接一个全新的艾玛·沃特森吧！在电影《壁花少年》中，她出演萨姆一角。这是一个甜美、轻浮的高中高年级学生形象，操着一口美式口音，浑浑噩噩，试图寻找自己的立足之处。
该片是艾玛继《哈利·波特》之后出演的首部作品，她之所以选择了这部电影，恰恰是因为萨姆这个人物与她预想的所有角色都不一样。
“这部片子让我跳出了原先的‘自在区’，帮助我摆脱了许多我本身强加给自己的担心和束缚。”她在多伦多国际电影节上表示。
“我正慢慢地清除障碍，准许自己去做一名演员。”
尽管出演过8部《哈利·波特》影片的经历已使得她名利双收，但这位22岁的英国女星继承了赫敏的勤奋好学精神。在投入密集的电影拍摄日程之前，她已在布朗大学学习了两年时间。
不过，虽然在好莱坞的经历让她看惯了许多纷繁世俗，艾玛却表示，在名人的光环下成长，使得自己在面对许多事情时，就像个孩子一样。
“某些方面我觉得自己很老成，而其余方面我则可能还正在经历青春期。”艾玛在接受《今日美国》采访时表示。
而最重要的是，她已树立起自己的职业道德。两年间她拍了六部电影，艾玛全身心的任务便是向自己发起挑战，在《哈利·波特》风潮过后，努力摆脱赫敏的影子。
她将在索菲亚·科波拉执导的《珠光宝气》中出演一个生长在洛杉矶的追星少年，片中她与许多志同道合的朋友一同洗劫了许多好莱坞明星的住所。
而在喜剧《世界末日》中，艾玛·沃特森本色出演，在詹姆斯·弗兰科家中遭遇末日来临。
在做了十年的赫敏之后，艾玛致力于向哈利·波特迷们证明自己在魔法界之外的本领。
“我希望他们能看到，我可以成功转型，我还有许多面是他们之前没有见识过的，也希望他们能给我一点空间。”艾玛说道。
“我的意思是，想要逼真地演绎美式人物真的很不一样。人们对我说，当他们看电影时，已经开始忘记那是我了。这对我来说就足够了。对我而言，这本身真的就是一种成功。”
艾玛沃特森 篇4
关键词：演讲,受众接受,交际修辞
(一)引言
在言语交际方面,以往的学者把更多的注意力投向KL表达者,认为表达者 , 作为话题的主宰者,决定着交际的目的和结果。相对来说,接受者的地位不受重视,被认为处于附属地位。事实上,接受者才是话语建构与表达的真正制约者,修辞活动必须是在人与人的合作下完成的,就是说,仅有表达者是无法完成的。如今,为了更好的交际效果,言语接受者的重要性逐渐凸显,在修辞活动中,接受者的角色是不可或缺的,承担着实现修辞价值的任务。本文借鉴修辞学理论的研究成果,从接受修辞学的视角,尝试归纳接受者在艾玛·沃特森的演讲活动中的重要地位。
(二) 巧取内容 激发想象
修辞作为言语交际活动的审美化,正是在选择中完成价值实现的,从某种意义上讲,选择了一个独特的修辞接受角度,往往是接受成功的一半,艾玛·沃特森则是从接受修辞学的交际修辞的角度出发,探索了交际修辞中内容与语境的关系,将演讲的主要内容定位在女权主义和和谐社会理念上,不失为本篇演讲成功的关键。
艾玛·沃特森的演讲可以说是合时、合地、合宜。首先,为什么说合时?因为现在是相对开放、平等的时代,而非父权至上、男尊女卑的封建社会,毋庸置疑,如果这个演讲发生在父权制社会,那么艾玛·沃特森非但不会得到群众的认可,反而还会被谴责,会被冠以不守妇道、违背传统的骂名。
这篇演讲出现的场合是代表着正义和威严的联合国,那我们不难知道艾玛·沃特森面对的观众都是受过高等教育的知识分子,因此,他们会很容易的接受她的反对性别歧视、男女平等的正义主张。最后是说这篇演讲的合宜性,艾玛·沃特森的一句话来证明合宜性再好不过“if not me,who, if not now, when”.She said: “I was appointed six monthsago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I haverealized that fighting for women’s rights has too often becomesynonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I knowfor certain, it is that this has to stop.For the record, feminismby definition is: “The belief that men and women should haveequal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of the political,economic and social equality of the sexes.In 1997, Hilary Clintonmade a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights. Sadlymany of the things she wanted to change are still a reality today.But what stood out for me the most was that only 30 per cent ofher audience were male. How can we affect change in the worldwhen only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate inthe conversation?”
从以上可以看出,艾玛·沃特森把演讲重点放在了女权主义上,但是她并没有只是在一味的传达理论,她将她的演讲与希拉里·克林顿在北京作的一场关于妇女权利的著名演讲 (1995年 ) 联系在一起,寻找其共同点,这无疑为她的演讲增加了说服力,同时,她也选择了某个接受角度表达她自己内心的反对性别歧视,主张男女女平等的主张,正如著名主持人于丹所说 :“一人有一人所得,千人有千人所得”,每个人都可以从自己的角度理解艾玛·沃特森的演讲。
(三)选词严谨 句型多样
作为联合国妇女署亲善大使, 艾玛·沃特森的演讲的用词必须是极其严谨且正式的,具有较明显的书面语特征,她代表的不再仅仅是她个人的意愿,而是在发表全世界女性的心声。
在人称代词的选取上,文章中高频率出现的作为第一人称的“I和We”,“I”的使用主要是表达演讲者的个人思想,而“We”使用的奥妙之处就是从听讲者的角度出发,把听讲者拉到了自己的一边,这是演说者所使用的一种语言技巧,这样一来就会使听众感到亲切,更容易赢得听众的支持 ;而且,第一人称特别是第一人称复数的使用可以唤起一种团体意识,使团体内部的差异最小化,例如 :If westop defining each other by what we are not and start definingourselves by what we are—we can all be freer and this is what“HeFor She”is about。该句的第一人称复数代词 :“we”将女性和男性区别开来,唤起了全世界女性的共鸣极其责任感,使演讲具有了强烈的煽动性。
形容词的选用富有感情色彩让句子变得生动形象,演讲属于鼓动性的语言,演讲由于受到听众、场合、传媒等因素的影响,形成了有别于其他语言活动的特色,演讲者通常借助选用恰当的词汇来达到自己的煽动效果,形容词就是这样的手段之一,在艾玛·沃特森的演讲中,在讲述事实、阐明理由、提出见解、抒发情感时她有意选用很多表主观判断和感情色彩的形容词 .
如 :uncomplicated,unpopular aggressive,isolating,unattractive等这些词语不但帮助演讲者准确生动精彩的传达思想,更重要的是给观众以准确、严谨、庄重的感觉,从而吸引听讲者的注意力,更容易说服和打动听众。在艾玛·沃特森的演讲中 , 在语言以及排比句、反复句、问句等句型的选用方面,充分体现了对交际修辞学中的表达方式和接受者的重视。
在演讲中,运用排比,节奏和谐,显得感情洋溢,例如 :When at 14 I started being sexualized by certain elements ofthe press.When at 15 my girlfriends started dropping out of theirsports teams because they didn’t want to appear“muscly.”Whenat 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings.
其排比内容和形式完美的统一,是一种艺术性的语言,是一种诗画的语言,是一种适合于此时此景的审美化语言。生动形象的表达了艾玛的对男女平等和谐社会的渴望,可以说间隔反复的使用排比既突出了思想内容,又增添了语言的韵律美。
巧妙的问句成功地引起听众的注意,启发读者思考,加强作者 想表达的 思想例如 :“Why is the word such anuncomfortable one ?”
问句穿插于整个演讲中,是完全出于对接受者的考虑,艾玛运用问句来给观众一些想象的空间,让大家融入到演讲的气氛中来的同时也能深刻的去考虑这个她所讲的问题,从而接受她的女权主义思想。
绝妙的反复表现了演讲者的强烈深挚的思想感情,起到强调主题、增强旋律美的作用。
I think it is right that I should be able to make decisionsabout my own body. I think it is right that women be involvedon my behalf in the policies and decision-making of my country.I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect asmen。
艾玛·沃特森的演讲中的这段反复是在说“我认为身为女性,我应该和男性同行获得一样的报酬。我认为我应该自己为自己的身体做决定。我认为应该有女性代表我参与政治,以及我的国家的决策制定。我认为在社会上,我应该和男性获得相同的尊重。”这段话可以说是很好的表达了艾玛的女权主义思想,并且也给听读者以深刻的印象,将整个演讲推向了高潮,对平等权利渴望的呼吁,极具号召性。
(四)结束语
艾玛沃特森 篇5
York, 20 September 2014 Your excellences, UN Secretary-General, president of the General Assembly, executive Director of UN Women and distinguished guests it is an honour for me tobe here today.Today we are launching a campaign called “HeForShe.”
I am reaching out to you because I need your help.We want to end gender inequality—and to do that we need everyone involved.This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN: we want to try and galvanize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change.And we don’t just want to talk about it, we want to try and make sure that it is tangible.I was appointed as goodwill ambassador for UN women six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating.If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop.For the record, feminism by definition is: “The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.It is the theory of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes.”
I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago.When I was eight I was confused at being called “bossy,” because I wanted to direct the plays we would put on for our parents—but the boys were not.When at 14 I started being sexualized by certain elements of the media.When at 15 my girlfriends started dropping out of their sports teams because they didn’t want to appear “muscly.”
When at 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings.I decided that I was a feminist and this seemed uncomplicated to me.But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word.Women are choosing not to identify as feminists.Apparently I am among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men, unattractive, even.Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain and I think it is right that I am paid the same as my male counterparts.I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body.I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life.I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect as men.But sadly I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights.No country in the world can yet say that they have achieved gender equality.These rights I consider to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones.My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter.My school did not limit me because I was a girl.My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day.These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors that made who I am today.They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists who are changing the world today.We need more of those.And if you still hate the word—it is not the word that is important, it’s the idea and the ambition behind it, because not all women have received the same rights that I have.In fact, statistically, very few have been.In 1997, Hilary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights.Sadly many of the things she wanted to change are still true today.But what stood out for me the most was that less than 30 percent of her audiences were male.How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation? Men—I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation.Gender equality is your issue too.Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society despite my needing his presence as a child as much as my mother’s.I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness unable to ask for help for fear it would make them less “of a man” or less of “macho”—in fact in the UK suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20-49;eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease.I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success.Men don’t have the benefits of equality either.We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes but I can see that that they are and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence.If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive.If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled.Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive.Both men and women should feel free to be strong… It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum instead of two sets of opposing ideals.If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by who we are—we can all be freer and this is what HeForShe is about.It’s about freedom.I want men to take up this mantle.So their daughters, sisters and mothers can be free from prejudice but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too—reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned and in doing so be a more true and complete version of themselves.You might be thinking who is this Harry Potter girl? And what is she doing speaking at the UN.And it’s a really good question.I have been asking myself the same thing.All I know is that I care about this problem.And I want to make it better.And having seen what I’ve seen—and given the chance—I feel it is my responsibility to say something.Statesman Edmund Burke said: “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and women to do nothing.”
艾玛沃特森 篇6
爱上小魔女，爱上赫敏·格兰杰
“赫敏·格兰杰”这个名字赋予了艾玛·沃特森不一样的人生。10年的时间，艾玛给了赫敏鲜活的生命，书中傲娇、机灵的赫敏也伴着艾玛一点点长大，成为才貌并举的淑女。
2009年，也就是艾玛9岁那年，《哈利·波特与魔法石》开始选角。在数千人的竞争中，艾玛·沃特森脱颖而出。艾玛身上有着跟赫敏一样的自信与傲娇。她在看过原著之后，笃定地认为这个角色非她莫属，“因为我们太像了，我甚至没办法看着别人来扮演她。”诚如她所言，那个披着一头卷发，眼神透露出聪明、坚定和倔强的赫敏，就是艾玛·沃特森。
从9岁到20岁，是一个女孩生命中最为重要的时段，对于艾玛而言，这10年她在赫敏的故事中成长。书中的赫敏从痴迷魔法、一心求学的小女孩，渐渐在友情的陪伴和追求真理的历练下成长，也曾情窦初开，也曾为情所困，但也在最后收获了自己的爱情。10年，7部电影，伴随而来的是声名大噪和片场单一、艰辛的日日夜夜。这对于一个成年人来说都是巨大的挑战，更何况是年轻的艾玛。如果说《哈利·波特》系列的前几部中，艾玛还是在本色出演，但从第4部开始，艾玛开始理解人物、体味演技，渐渐磨练自己。漫长的拍戏过程也令艾玛的学业受阻，但是要强如她，还是在拍戏间隙认真补课、完成作业。而当《哈利·波特》曲终人散之时，她潇洒地剪去一头赫敏式标志长发，迈入布朗大学，坚定地开启艾玛·沃特森的学霸之路。
请叫我学霸
历经闪光灯和欢呼的洗礼，重归平淡似乎是一件极其艰难的事情，太多的人迷失于纸醉金迷，太多的年少成名难逃江郎才尽。当艾玛·沃特森剪去长发，正式与赫敏告别之后，她所面临的，便是这样一个抉择。
凭她的名声，足以在影视圈混生活，凭借《哈利·波特》的酬金，她一生都可以安逸生活。然而，她却倔强地选择了一条才女加学霸的道路，因为她自信，自己的人生不该只有赫敏般的美貌，还应该有才智和灵性。于是，她考入了布朗大学开始自己的学生生涯。布朗大学，历来是名流汇集之所，其中也不乏聚光灯下的明星。但是艾玛还是很难被当做一个普通的学生，她在课堂上的表现总是备受关注，她总要付出加倍的努力，来证明自己的入学并非名气。
平淡、安静并非是一件容易的事。步入校园的她，也常常被人偷拍。大家都在关注这个备受瞩目的女孩是否会在自由的大学生活中“变坏”，甚至稍显性感的着装都会被贴上“堕落”的标签。毕竟，太多年少成名、最终难以把握自己走向深渊的前例。甚至有新闻传出她在布朗大学受到同学的排挤，难以继续学业……但是最终，她还是以全优的成绩从布朗大学闪亮毕业。
这些与鲜花名利相伴而生的杂音，并未掩盖她真正的声音。相反，她担负起聚光灯下人所应该肩负的责任，用自己的声音，为女人发声。
关注的影响力
关注，对于明星来说是个双刃剑。无数的私生活被放大，但又同时带来了财富和名利。艾玛·沃特森曾经深受这种关注的困扰，但后来，她将这种关注变成了一种力量。她用自己的身份和影响力，关注社会问题。很多人不解为何小魔女不好好演戏，偏偏关心起了政治和社会问题，而艾玛·沃特森清楚自己的能量和目的，她不仅仅是屏幕上摇曳的花瓶，还拥有自己的一番社会责任。
2014年，艾玛·沃特森出现在公众视野中的方式着实令人震惊。在联合国妇女署召开的议会上，她将头发简单挽起，一身白色风衣，大气而干练地发表自己的演讲He for She，呼吁性别平等。她掷地有声地呼吁女性权益，她用自己的经历来陈述性别平等和女性权利的重要意义。她还正式向男性发出要求，请他们不要置身事外，与女性一起来结束性别歧视。艾玛自身的影响力，使得这篇演讲被更多地人所倾听和了解，这就是关注的力量。此时，人们才恍然大悟，这个曾经倔强聪明的小魔女已然有了自己独立的思想和追求，她将用自己的方式，走不一样的人生。
作为常春藤盟校布朗大学的人道主义人士，艾玛致力于联合国妇女署亲善大使工作，并会作为联合国妇女署促进性别平等的倡导者。“我们非常高兴和荣幸能与艾玛合作”，联合国妇女署副秘书长兼执行主任姆兰博·努卡说，“我相信，艾玛的智慧和激情，使联合国妇女署的信息会在全球范围内影响更多年轻人。”
艾玛希望前往孟加拉去了解“公平贸易”的不同之处。达卡（孟加拉国首都）制衣工居住的贫民窟条件非常恶劣，但这些女工利用制作衣服赚取的工资让自己和孩子维持生存的现实令她印象深刻。
除此之外，艾玛·沃特森还主持达
沃斯经济论坛性别平等报告会，创办女权读书会，采访诺贝尔最年轻的和平奖获得者、巴基斯坦女孩马拉拉，对话作家贝尔·胡克斯，点亮纽约帝国大厦，宣布息影一年专注读书与个人发展……
“我给自己的任务是每周读一本书，然后为了我的读书会，每个月会额外再读一本。”她原本打算花一年的时间好好做性别研究，但随后发现从阅读与他人交流中，自己已获得甚多，所以之后想依循这样的方法继续学习，也想多倾听别人的看法。她剪去长发，绽放干练女性魅力；奔走各地，呼喊平等女权主义。
此时的她，比之银幕上的她，更具有感染力和魅力，也更令人尊重。但是，“天生丽质难自弃”，艾玛·沃特森也从未想过放弃自己的演艺之路。
我的名字是艾玛·沃特森
银幕内外，艾玛都在努力摆脱“赫敏”的名字，寻求自己的生命和名字。当然，她年轻耀眼、潜力无限。长大了的艾玛容貌更加出众，她带着几分清新，却因智慧而透露出犀利。她酷爱红唇，俏皮却又别具风情，女神范儿十足。
她从未放弃影视之路，电影《殖民地》《美女与野兽》《圆圈》中，艾玛都有尚佳的表现。尽管2016年，她宣布息影，但是她的影响力却依旧稳健。当她与哈里王子偷偷约会的传言流出之时，艾玛的回应充满霸气：“不是嫁给王子才能够成为公主。”她有美貌、有才华、有思想、有担当、有智慧，她就是艾玛·沃特森。