第7单元课文翻译

第7单元课文翻译（通用6篇）

第7单元课文翻译 篇1

Unit7 TextA

是什么造就了奥运冠军? 1 1992年，在法国阿尔贝维尔冬季奥运会上，当克里斯蒂· 山口在冰场上跌倒时，观众席上一片遗憾的声音。这位20岁的运动员获得花样滑冰金牌的希望肯定会因这一失足而化为泡影。但是克里斯蒂站了起来，她灿然一笑，旋转身体，继续表演。她虽然不幸跌倒，但裁判却给她打了近乎完美的分数。她能鼓起勇气，重振旗鼓，获得了金牌，这足以证明她的决心和勇气。

作为美国奥运队及许多运动员的顾问，我目睹了许多像克里斯蒂这样年轻的男女运动员：他们在关键时刻能够挖掘自身，找到发挥潜能的一种力量。他们登上领奖台，不单纯是因为运动才能，还因为他们内在的不屈不挠的意志。

他们拥有梦想。|克里斯蒂·山口6岁时首次穿上溜冰鞋，那时她就想象自己是一名奥运冠军。邦妮·华纳三度代表美国参加奥运会的仰卧滑行小雪橇比赛。她直到上了大学才有自己的梦想。之前，她从未听说过有“仰卧滑行的小雪橇”这种比赛用的雪橇。这两个年轻女子，一旦拥有梦想，就锲而不舍地、勇敢地追求，为了梦想的实现不遗余力。

最重要的是，这些运动员的父母以及周围的人都支持他们的梦想。洛雷塔·道斯16岁的女儿多米尼克是代表美国参加奥运会的第一批黑人女性体操运动员之一。洛雷塔最近告诉记者说，培养一个世界一流的运动员着实不易。在1992年奥运会之前整整一年中，她很少看见自己的女儿。为了离体育馆近一点，女儿和教练住在一块，那儿离家有45分钟的车 程。当有人请她给其他运动员的父母提一些建议的时候，她的回答简单却极具说服力。“相信你的孩子吧，” 她这样说。

这并非意味着每个拥有奥运梦想的孩子都能有朝一日登上领奖台。但是，梦想是通向成功的第一步 —— 哪怕当初的梦想最终让孩子走向另一条不同的道路。

他们满怀激情。优秀运动员们梦寐以求的奥运圣火在他们的内心深处燃烧。他们有强大的动力，不仅要成为最优秀的运动员，还要竭尽全力去实现目标——始终不渝。

正因为如此，已经获得八枚奥运金牌的卡尔· 刘易斯依然筹划在36岁时再度参加1996年的奥运会，同那些年龄只有他一半的年轻人决一雌雄；铁饼运动员艾尔· 奥特，在连续获得四届奥运会的金牌之后，47岁时依然为进入奥运队伍而努力。

游泳健将珍尼特·埃文斯在1988年的汉城奥运会上虽获得三枚金牌，但她表达了同样的心愿：四年后再次夺冠。在400米自由泳项目中，她因毫厘之差与金牌擦肩而过。随后，她完成了800米自由泳项目，这是她一生中最具有心理挑战的一次比赛，结果她夺冠胜出。“我只是想再一次登上冠军的领奖台，”她坦白地说。

他们胸怀大志。|我曾经让一个世界级的运动员猜测一次重大比赛的结果。“我会得第五名，”他说。他果真得了第五名。他本来可以轻而易举地名列第三，甚至是第二，因为另外两名主要对手发挥得不好。

拿他和“弗洛·乔”——弗洛伦斯·格里菲斯·乔伊纳比比 吧。在1998年奥运会前一周的训练中，乔伊纳在日记中写下预计自己百米短跑夺冠的成绩：10.54秒。当弗洛·乔跨过终点线时，刚好是10.54秒。她不仅能够在赛前看到自己夺冠，而且对夺冠的成绩也能作出毫秒不差的预测。

他们从不放弃。| 1992年夏季奥运会有两个让人极度惋惜的特写镜头。在百米跨栏比赛中，本来绝对领先他人的美国短跑运动员盖尔· 德弗斯在跨越最后一道障碍时绊倒在地。但她双膝跪地，极其痛苦地爬完了最后五米，虽然仅获得第五名，但是完成了比赛。

更加令人心碎的是400米半决赛。英国选手德里克· 雷德蒙的一条腿受了伤，跌倒在跑道上。他挣扎着站起来，只见他一瘸一拐地跑起来，显然是决心完成比赛。他的父亲从看台上跑下来，想搀扶他离开跑道，但是这个运动员拒绝放弃比赛。他倚靠着自己的父亲，父子俩蹒跚而行，直到终点，观众的掌声震耳欲聋。

13他们创造运气。|当保罗·怀利在阿尔贝维尔赢得男子花样溜冰比赛的银牌时，除他以外，所有的人都很惊讶。本来有望得奖的几位选手有的受伤了，有的发挥不好。“没有人会想到我能登上领奖台，”怀利说，“但是，之前我拼了命地训练，当最有希望获胜的运动员比赛失利时，我已作好了夺冠的准备。”

我所了解的这些奥运选手，为了那个辉煌的时刻，日复一日、年复一年地埋头苦干。溜冰运动员凌晨四时起身，为的是在溜冰场向公众开放之前挤出几个小时的训练时间。自行车竞技运动员在每天上班前，进行长达几小时的长跑训 练。拳击运动员每天都前往体育馆进行不懈的训练。

奥运会上运气当然重要，这和生活的其他领域一样。当最优秀的单簧管手生病时，屈居第二但是勤奋练习的乐手就有幸获得独奏的机会。这就像在紧急情况下助理销售经理填补老板的位置一样。当然，在这两种情况下，要填补上来的人必须为自己的巨大转机作好准备。在奥运会上——在任何情况下——好运只光顾那些做好准备迎接好运的人。

Unit7 TextB

奥林匹克理想的象征

奥林匹克的格言、信条、誓言、圣火、会旗及其会歌——这些都是奥林匹克理想的象征。它们共同体现着奥林匹克运动的精髓，各自都为奥林匹克运动会的精神财富作出了贡献。

奥林匹克格言： 著名的奥林匹克格言“Citius, Altius, Fortius”是拉丁语，意思是“更快、更高、更勇”。但在英语中，这一格言广为认同的说法是“更快、更高、更强”。1894年6月23日，法国教育家米歇尔·布里厄在现代奥林匹克运动会复兴大会的闭幕宴会上首度使用该用语。就在那次大会 上，它被认可为国际奥林匹克运动委员会的正式格言。

奥林匹克誓言：|每一届奥林匹克运动会开幕时，所有的运动员都要承诺将公平比赛，遵守各项奥运规则。在开幕式上一名来自主办国的运动员代表全体运动员宣誓。他手执奥运旗帜的一角，背诵如下的誓言： “我代表全体参赛运动员宣誓，在本次奥林匹克运动会上，我们将尊重并遵守大会各项规则，恪守体育道德，为体育争光，为团体争光。”

该运动员誓言的作者是德·顾拜旦男爵，1920年在比利时安特卫普奥运会上首次被宣读。

奥林匹克信条：|开幕式上，主办国的一个裁判诵读出现在记分牌上的奥运信条： “奥运重在参与，不在于夺冠，就像生活重在奋斗，而不在于成功；奥运的要旨不是已经征服，而是曾经奋斗拼搏。”

尽管奥运历史上表达这一基本精神的措辞屡经变换，上述信条自1972年在慕尼黑奥运会上采用后就一直沿用到今。

奥林匹克圣火：|在希腊神话里，火是神圣的。点燃奥林匹克圣火的传统来自古希腊。古代奥林匹克运动会上，圣火采自奥林匹亚山上的阳光，它一直燃烧到运动会结束。

现代奥林匹克之火是在1928年阿姆斯特丹奥林匹克运动会的开幕式上首次点燃。每隔四年当古老的火焰为新一届奥运会再次点燃时，这个古希腊的遗风得以复活。

奥林匹克会歌：|奥林匹克会歌原本是首诗，由20世纪最著名和最受人喜爱的一位希腊诗人科斯塔·帕拉马斯1893年所作。1896年希腊作曲家斯皮罗斯·萨马拉斯为帕拉马斯的这首诗歌谱曲，同年，这首歌曲首度唱响在雅典举行的第一个复兴后的奥林匹克运动会上。

多年来，许多不同版本的会歌在奥林匹克运动会上演奏和歌唱。1958年国际奥委会最终确定其中的一个版本作为奥林匹克运动会的正式会歌。下面引用的帕拉马斯诗歌不太确切的英文版译文便是自1958年起在每次的奥林匹克运动会上吟唱的英文版会歌。* 古代不朽之神 真善美之父 祈求你降临尘世彰显你的光辉 在这大地上苍穹间 它第一个见证你流芳百世的荣耀 请把活力与生气赐予这些崇高的竞技！把永不凋谢的花环颁赠给优胜者！塑造出钢铁般的意志！放射出玫瑰般的艳丽霞光 筑起一座巨大的神殿 世界各地的人们都来膜拜你，啊！永远不朽的古代之神。

奥林匹克会旗：|开幕式演奏奥林匹克会歌时，会旗冉冉升起。据说皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦在特尔斐掘出的一个祭坛石头上发现了雕刻其上的五环标志的真迹。如今，彩色奥运环是世界上最广泛认可的的标志。

奥运会会旗长2.06米，高60厘米，白底无边，中央有五个圆环。白色的背景象征和平和真理。五个环代表世界的五大洲： ●蓝色代表欧洲 ●黑色代表非洲 ●红色代表美洲 ●黄色代表亚洲 ●绿色代表大洋洲

奥运会会旗象征和平、友好、全球团结和宽容。真正意义在于，它使那些无法在自己国度的旗帜下参赛的运动员有机会一展风采。

奥林匹克的理想使我们日常生活充满生气和活力，而不只是对过去的顶礼膜拜。

第7单元课文翻译 篇2

一、略读课文的课程功能

叶圣陶先生说:“就教学而言, 精读是主体, 略读只是补充;但就效果而言, 精读是准备, 略读才是应用。”“略读原是用来训练阅读的优良习惯, 必须脚踏实地, 毫不苟且, 才有效益。”从叶老的话中, 我们可以清晰地认识到略读课文的课程功能。

1. 精读“主体”的“补充”

“补充”什么呢?简言之, 补充精读课文“主体”的不足。如:人教版六 (下) 第二单元是围绕“中华民风民俗”这一专题编写的。然而, 五千年的中华传统文化源远流长、博大精深;五十六个民族的生活丰富多彩、习俗独特。地区、民族独具特色, 衣食住行各不相同。精读课文《北京的春节》反映的是“节日风俗”, 我们知道除了北京的节日风俗, 还有其他地区的节日风俗;除了“节日风俗”, 还有其他的民风民俗。故除了《北京的春节》外, 教材中还编写了略读课文藏文化的“活化石”《藏戏》;被誉为世界民居奇葩的《各具特色的民居》;反映维吾尔人豪气、豁达、乐观的《和田的维吾尔》。这样, 在文化、民居、人物等方面进行补充, 尽可能全方位地反映“中华民风民俗”。让学生了解一些传统的民风民俗, 吸收民族文化智慧, 感受这些独具魅力的民俗风情中蕴涵的民族文明和传统美德。

2. 精读“准备”的“应用”

“应用”主要指应用精读中学得的阅读方法和获取的知识经验, 进行独立的阅读实践。人教版六 (下) 第二单元精读课文《北京的春节》, 在阅读知识与能力方面, 有三个非常明显的特点:一是以时间为经线, 以人们的活动为纬线作为全文结构, 其写作特点是表达顺序清楚明白。二是列举了大量的老北京过春节的习俗, 情趣盎然, 学生喜闻乐见, 有的部分进行了详细的描述, 有的部分则一笔带过, 其写作特点是详略得当。三是文章有较多的场景描写, 有较强的画面感, 其写作特点是用词准确, 生动形象。以上三个写作特点应在精读课文中习得, 在后面三篇略读课文中加以应用, 养成阅读的良好习惯。

二、略读课文的教学目标

略读课文的教学目标如何确定?依据是什么?下面我们以知识与能力目标中的“习作表达”为例进行探讨:一是依据单元导语。本单元的导语第二自然段指出:“了解课文表现出来的不同地区、不同民族的民风民俗, 体会作者是怎样写出民俗特点的。”它提示了语文学习的重点, 明确了读写训练点。由此, 我们在单元导语中可以看出, 本单元有一个重要的教学目标是:“让学生进一步了解文章的表达方法, 体会作者怎样谋篇布局, 准确用词, 生动表达, 并在习作中加以运用。”二是依据精读课文。为了达到单元导语中提出的教学目标, 精读课文《北京的春节》依据课文的特点及课后思考题, 可将教学目标定为:“揣摩文章的表达顺序, 体会准确的说明和生动形象的描述及详写、略写的好处。”由此, 后面三篇略读课文的教学目标基本可定为:“学习文章准确的说明和生动形象的描述, 领悟文章的表达方法。”但是, 我们能清楚地认识到:各篇课文的表达特点既有相同点也有不同点。现列表如下:

所以, 略读课文的教学目标, 可依据单元导语、精读课文的教学目标以及略读课文的特点来确定。就教学目标达成过程的性质而言, 精读课文侧重于“学会”, 略读课文侧重于“会学”。

三、略读课文的教学设计

教参中指出:“略读课文教学的大体步骤是:先由学生参照连接语的提示, 独立阅读、思考、交流, 初步体会内容;然后抓住一两个重点问题, 可以是内容的, 也可以是写法的, 引导学生讨论、交流, 在具体的词句学习上, 可不必多作要求。”在以上思想的引导下, 略读课文大体上可作如下设计:

1.“提示”引路, 简化课堂结构

人教版教材在精读课文与略读课文之间, 有一段流畅的文字, 它既自然地把学生的学习由精读课文过渡到略读课文, 又提示了略读课文的学习要求和方法, 使精读课文和略读课文形成一个整体, 更好地发挥了训练阅读、迁移能力和陶冶情趣的功能。如《和田的维吾尔》前的连接语:“提起维吾尔族, 我们眼前便会浮现出他们载歌载舞的情景。其实, 除了能歌善舞, 维吾尔族还有许多饶有兴趣的风俗, 读读下面这篇课文, 想一想课文写了和田维吾尔人的哪些特点, 然后就自己感兴趣的内容和同学交流读后的感受。”以上连接语中, “还有许多饶有兴趣的风俗”, 在主题内容上进行过渡, 让学生想一想有哪些饶有兴趣的风俗呢?接着提示:“课文写了和田维吾尔人的哪些特点?”在文章的内容方面再次进行引导, 让学生自主地理解、概括特点;“然后就自己感兴趣的内容和同学交流读后的感受”。“交流”什么, 怎么“交流”, 是学习方法上的指导, 学生可以交流读后的体会, 也可以交流文章的表达方法、写作特点。这样情感上铺垫, 能力上迁移, 使精读课文与略读课文形成一个整体。教学时引导学生阅读连接语, 带着问题阅读文章, 既能事半功倍, 提高阅读效率, 又能培养学生自主学习的习惯。

2. 抓住关键, 精读课文重点

虽然说略读教学讲究“简”“略”, 但也需要有“精”的部分, 否则略读就成了“泛读”, 效率就低下了。由于受教学时间的限制, 略读课文中需“精”读的点要更突出, 更集中。因此, 我们需要反复斟酌, 寻找准确的着力点, 从而使力气真正花在刀刃上。如《藏戏》一文, 一是要整体感知课文, 明确课文是按事物的不同方面为序, 以“总—分—总”结构安排的:先是用三个排比句概括介绍了藏戏的主要特点;接下来详细写唐东杰布开创藏戏的传奇故事;最后用一句话总结全文, 点明藏戏这一民族戏剧艺术靠师传身授继承和发展。二是可抓住两个方面进行重点教学。其一, 表现主要内容的重点句子。如:“那时候, 雅鲁藏布江上没有什么桥梁, 数不清的牛皮船, 被掀翻在野马脱缰般的急流中, 许多试图过江的百姓, 被咆哮的江水吞噬。”课文中的这段话, 作者用精练准确的语言、生动形象的描写, 再现了当时恶劣的自然环境, 间接歌颂了唐东杰布的高尚品质, 说明他许下宏愿、发誓架桥的思想根源, 也说明艺术源于生活, 根据时代的需要而产生。让学生重点理解这段话, 对感悟后面藏戏的产生和发展打下了坚实的情感基础, 可以作为重点句子加以处理。其二, 体现表达形式的重点句子。对六年级学生来说, 除了阅读文章、理解内容外, 更重要的是学习表达, 特别是略读课文, 此项任务显得更为重要。表达的顺序、表达的方法、语言的风格等等都可以作为重点句子来教学。如:文中“还是从西藏高僧唐东杰布的传奇故事讲起吧”。本句话看似平平常常, 但在全文布局谋篇中起到承上启下的作用。前面总结藏戏的三大特点, 接着用“还是”转折, 介绍了唐东杰布的传奇故事及藏戏的形成。因为唐东杰布是藏戏的创始人、开山鼻祖, 没有唐东杰布就没有藏戏。教学时, 在理解内容与表达形式两个方面抓住重点词句, 以点带面, 层层推进, 提高效率, 把更多的时间让给学生。

3. 课外拓展, 增大课堂容量

高一上册第7单元练习 篇3

1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly， but everyone ____ get out.

A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to

2. It took years of planning and saving， but their sea-going vacation ____ at last.

A. was come true B. has come true

C. came trueD. has been come true

3. We went to the ball early ____ get a good rest.

A. so as that B. so that C. in order to D. in order that

4. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning

5. There are wild geese ____ near the lake.

A. livingB. aliveC. liveD. to live

6. E-mail， as well as telephones， ____ an important part in daily communication.

A. play B. have playedC. is playingD. are playing

7. The little boy ____ on the ground， shaking with cold.

A. lieB. layC. laidD. lying

8. ____ the explanation of the book， we can finally understand the meaning of the passage.

A. With the help ofB. Under the help by

C. After the help ofD. By the help with

9. After the war， a new school building was put up ____ had once been a theatre.

A. thatB. whereC. where itD. where there

10. A great number of tall buildings ____ in the past twenty years.

A. have been builtB. has been built

C. were builtD. was built

11. ——Will you attend the meeting this afternoon?

——But I ____ anything about that.

A. hadn’t told B. haven’t been told

C. wasn’t toldD. won’t tell

12. When you read the book， you’d better make a mark ____ you have any questions.

A. with whichB. at where

C. the place whereD. where

13. The book is written in such easy English ____ I can read it.

A. asB. thatC. whichD. what

14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.

A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out

15. It is generally believed that teaching is ____ it is a science.

A. an art much as B. much an art as

C. as an art much asD. as much an art as

Ⅱ.完形填空

My husband and I were talking about possible colors because it was time for painting the kitchen again. The children， sat nearby and suddenly __1__， “Not the measuring stick!”

“No，” I __2__ them in my mother-has-everything-under-control __3__， “Not the measuring stick.”

The measuring stick isn’t a(an) __4__ stick， but the kitchen side of the door between our kitchen and dining room. Along the edge we’ve __5__ each child’s growth by making a mark __6__ his or her height on every birthday. Over the ten years so many colored pens， pencils and markers were __7__ that the door came to be __8__ like an abstract-expressionist painting.

Names and dates show different hand-writing， and I can __9__ by the script(手迹) who measured whom. An eight-year-old brother measured his three-year-old sister， a grandchild measured her grandmother， my husband measured me. At parties， when this door __10__ back and forth frequently， friends stop to __11__ the names and dates. When we ask __12__ they would like to be immortalized(永生)， they usually __13__ sheepishly(羞涩地) and back right up into __14__.

Many of those listed on the door are still __15__ while some have stopped. Some __16__ with us only in memory. When my mother came to see our eldest daughter graduated from university， we __17__ her， too. It was her last visit to our home.

We haven’t decided on the new kitchen __18__ scheme yet， but one thing is __19__: whether we paint the trim curry gold， Chowning’s tavern red or federal blue， the back of the kitchen door will always remain __20__ with lots of names and dates in various colors.

1. A. said B. expressedC. shouted D. begged

2. A. comfortedB. pattedC. toldD. promised

3. A. wayB. voiceC. attitudeD. feeling

4. A. commonB. specialC. exactD. actual

5. A. recordedB. encouragedC. celebratedD. congratulated

6. A. showing B. keepingC. cuttingD. giving

7. A. madeB. takenC. usedD. sharpened

8. A. veryB. unclearlyC. muchD. clearly

9. A. tellB. understandC. knowD. think

10. A. movesB. shakesC. closesD. swings

11. A. observeB. noticeC. readD. recognize

12. A. whyB. ifC. howD. what

13. A. noddedB. admittedC. smiledD. left

14. A. seatB. placeC. tableD. room

15. A. changingB. addingC. puttingD. growing

16. A. stayB. remainC. liveD. work

17. A. lovedB. welcomedC. measuredD. saw

18. A. colorB. formC. design D. size

19. A. known B. popularC. certainD. curious

20. A. redB. blueC. gold D. white

Ⅲ.阅读理解

(A)

Perhaps the most wonderful building put up in the 19th century was the Crystal Palace(水晶宫) which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all the other buildings in the world， for it was one of the biggest buildings of all the time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. Plenty of goods were sent to the exhibition from all parts ofthe world. There was also a great deal of machinery on show. Though in those days， traveling was not as easy as it is today， steamboats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England， they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all， and the money from the exhibition was used to build museums and colleges. Later， the Crystal Palace was moved to the South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.

1. The Crystal Palace was built up ____.

A. in the 1950sB. in the 1900s

C. shortly before 1851D. before 1951

2. People from many countries came to the Crystal Palace mainly to ____.

A. buy goodsB. visit an exhibition

C. travelD. enjoy the Crystal Palace itself

3. What happened to the Crystal Palace in 1936?____.

A. It caught a terrible fire

B. It disappeared suddenly

C. It was moved away to the south of London

D. It was rebuilt

4. The Crystal Palace was famous to all because ____.

A. it is the biggest building in the world then

B. so many visitors had been there

C. it was made of iron and glass

D. it was burnt down at last

5. The writer ____.

A. thought the Crystal Palace very useful

B. sang high praise for the Crystal Palace

C. wanted the Crystal Palace to be rebuilt

D. was one of the visitors who had visited the Crystal Palace

(B)

7th Annual North Texas Jazz Festival

Free Daily Activities

A masterful combination of entertainment and education including 70

of the nation’s premier students jazz groups performing.

March 31， 10:30am-2:30pm

Friday Night Performers

UNT One O’clock Band

UNT Jazz Faculty & Singers

For tickets

Call 1888512 or visit frontgatetickets.com

For more information

Visit the festival website ntjazzfest. unt. edu.

LANDMARK THEATERES

(214) 764-9106 (972)444-Film

Buy Tix at Landmark theatres.com

Magnolia 3699 McKinney Ave # 105

*PAN’S LABYRINTH (12:00， 2:20， 4:45) 7:15， 9:40

*THE LIVES OF OTHERS (1:00， 4:00) 7:00， 9:50

The Magnolia will also host the AFI Dallas Film Festival

Friday March 23rd. Sunday April 1st， 2007.

Visit www.afidallas.com for movies and show times

ECKET (NR) (11:15， 2:10， 5:10) 8:15

NOTES ON A SCANDAL(12:00， 2:20， 4:30) 7:00， 9:15

COLOR ME KUBRICK(NR)(12:30， 2:30， 5:00) 7:15， 9:30

THE USUAL SUSPECTS 2:00 Midnight

*=Academy Award Winner

Valid For Saturday， March 24 Only2007 LTC

________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

WORLD’S LARGEST

HONKY TONK

CONCERT CALENDAR

MARCH

30…………JASON BOLAND

31…………CHRIS CAGLE

APRIL

6…………WANE BOLAND

7…………JOHN CONLEE

14…………TRACY LAWRENVE

24…………JOHNNY COOPER

27…………GEORGE THOROGOOD

TICKETS NOW ON SALE!

OPEN DAILY. FAMILIES WELCOME

Parties， Meetings. Team Building Events!

Call Billy Bob’s Group Sales Dept.

www.billybobstexas.com 817.624.7117

BOOT SCOOT

CLUB

RESTAURANT

Open Tues.-Sat. AT 5 PM

Texas Hold Em Poker Tues.-Sat.

Country Western Karaoke

Tues.-Thurs. 8:00 pm

Live Country Music 9:00 pm

Fri. 3/23& Sat. 3/24

The Bill Autry Band

Happy hour Tues.-Fri.5:00-7:00pm

Free Shuffleboard Tuesday-Thursday

www.bootscootandbba.com.

6. What category should the ads in the text belong to?____.

A. Recreation B. MusicC. Sports D. Entertainment

7. The word “Magnolia” in the second ad most probably refers to ____.

A. the name of a movie

B. a theatre showing movies

C. a music band

D. the director of a movie

8. If you want to know more information about Bill Autry Band， you’d better visit ____.

A. www. Afidallas.comB. www.ntjazzfest.unt.edu

C. www. bootscootandbba.com D. www.Billybobstexas.com

9. Those who like movies with Academy Awards are likely to see ____.

A. The Lives Of OthersB. The United Suspects

C. Notes On A ScandalD. Color Me Kubrick

10. Which of the following may you enjoy on April 24?____.

A. 7th Annual North Texas Jazz Festival

B. Pan’s Labyrinth

C. Country Western Cooper

D. Concert held by Johnny Cooper

(C)

To be sure， only children experience some things differently from those with siblings(兄弟姐妹). Many feel more pressure to succeed. In the absence of brothers and sisters， only children are also likely to look more exclusively(独有地) to their parents as role models.

In India， 19-year-old Saviraj Sankpal founded a support group for the tiny number of only children. Among other things， the group does volunteer work to be against the myth(神话) that they’re irresponsible(不负责任的). “People think we’re pampered(娇惯) and spoiled，” says Sankpal， a computer-engineering student. “But I’d like to remind them how lonely it can get.”

Most only children， however， say they wish for brothers and sisters only when it comes to caring for aged， unhealthy parents.

Britain’s David Emerson， author of the book The only child， says that such a person bears terrible burden in having to make all the decisions alone. Emerson knows from experience: after his father died， he chose to move his elderly mother from their family home， where she was vulnerable(易受攻击的) to house breakers， to a new one with more safety. “The move was quite hard on her， and she might feel that I pushed her into it，” he says. “Finally， I am left with that responsibility.”

In the future， more and more only children will likely face similar choices. With working mothers increasing， many families are finding they simply don’t have the time， money or energy to have more than one child. As only children become common， perhaps the world will realize that the accusation(指责) made against them is unfair.

11. It can be inferred from the passage that only children’s parents should ____.

A. found a support group for their only children

B. do volunteer work to help their only children

C. let their only children make all the decisions alone

D. set good examples for their only children

12. Emerson decided to move his elderly mother to a new house because he ____.

A. is the only one who cares about her

B. is worried about her safety

C. wants to share the responsibility with her

D. doesn’t want to leave her alone

13. It is quite usual now for a working mother to ____.

A. spend all her time and money on her only child

B. be responsible for bringing up her only child

C. have and bring up only one child

D. put all her energies on her job

14. The main idea of the passage is that ____.

A. only children are spoiled and irresponsible

B. only children have to face many difficulties

C. most only children want to have brothers and sisters

D. most only children share their responsibilities with their parents

(D)

Most of us are used to four seasons. Each year， spring follows winter， which follows autumn， which follows summer， which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer. But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65，000 and 35，000 years， the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot， with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods， which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods.

A new study from Switzerland， sheds light on(使某事清楚明白地显示出来) where ice sheets(冰川) melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth， rather than just in either northern or southern regions(区域).

This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern(波恩大学). Scientists have long assumed(假设) that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern Hemisphere(半球) during the 30，000-year-long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land， while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.

The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence(证据) of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern Hemisphere that ice melted， there would have been a bigger impact(影响) on ocean currents(洋流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern Hemisphere would have been impossible， too. The only reasonable conclusion， the scientists could make， was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.

It is still a mystery(神秘的事物) as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.

15. The North Pole is surrounded by land， while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that ____.

A. most of the ice melted in the Northern Hemisphere

B. most of the ice melted in the Southern Hemisphere

C. the North Pole is colder than South Pole

D. the South Pole is colder than North Pole

16. We can infer from the passage ____.

A. the ice can easily just slip into the ocean

B. volcanoes caused the ice to melt

C. melting just in the Northern Hemisphere would have beenimpossible

D. researchers often use the computer models to help their researchwork

17. The scientists are not sure ____.

A. how long the ice age lasted

B. where ice sheets(冰川) melted during the ice age

C. what caused the temperature changes

D. what the earth is made up of

18. Which of the following is the best title?____.

A. A Computer Model

B. Studies Show Ice Melted Equally in the North and the South

During the Ice Age

C. Most of the Ice Melted in the Northern Hemisphere(半球) Duringthe 30，000-year-long Ice Age

D. A Survey Result

Ⅳ.阅读表达

黄石国家公园天气变化快，昼夜温差大，让我们走进下文感受这一点。Yellowstone Weather

Yellowstone National Park is at high altitude(海拔). Most of the park is above 7，500 feet (2，275 meters).

Yellowstone’s weather is unpredictable. In summer， it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month， the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings， especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite， please leave it prepared for possible thundershowers and wind.

A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind， rain， sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing， an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival.

1. What kind of weather does Yellowstone have?

2. What decides Yellowstone’s weather?

3. If you are planning to spend your holidays in Yellowstone National Park in summer， what should you take with you?(不超过8个词)

4. What does the underlined word “readings” refer to?

5. What can be put in the blank with “?” (不超过5个词)

6. Here are some questions on how to ask about the weather elements of a place. Read these questions and fill in a word in each blank according to its first letter.

(1) What is the a____ temperature in your hometown?

(2) How o____ does it rain in your hometown?

(3) What is the d____ season in your hometown?

(4) Is your hometown often s____ by flood?

(5) What are the h____ months in your hometown?

Ⅴ.书面表达

假设你叫李明，是一名中学生，每天上学看到学校四周有许多小商贩(sellers)在卖菜，卖鱼，卖肉等，有的甚至在露天里炒菜。他们都高声叫卖以吸引行人注意。你们在教室里可以听到这些噪音，无法集中精力上课。而且他们把街道的环境弄得很脏､很臭､拥挤不堪。请你写封信给《中国日报》，反映以上情况并希望目前的情况得以改善。

注意:1.词数100左右。2.信的开头已给出(不计入单词总数)。

Dear editor，

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

商务英语翻译教程第7单元教案 篇4

I.学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习，掌握定语从句的翻译方法；了解股市类的专业术语的意义及其翻译。

II.教学时间：4学时 III.教学重难点： 1.定语从句的翻译 2.股市专业术语 IV.教学内容： Section I Text Section II Method and Technique Section III Exercises

V．教学方法与手段：讲授为主，配以师生互动实训，PPT等。VI.教学步骤

一、定语从句的翻译(1)（重点）理解：定语从句的意义及划分

应用：限定性从句和非限定性从句的翻译 限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系较为密切； 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，只是对它加以叙述，描写或解释，并用逗号与之隔开。定语从句 前置译法

后置译法 合成译法

译成状语从句

一主多从式定语从句

定语从句的翻译

限制性定语从句往往要译成“„„的”这种句型的前置定语结构，因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。

也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。前置译法

The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to

graduate and get a job.对于那些只想毕业后找份工作的学生来说, 压力也一样不小。

I think we should be worried about the values that are nurturing the new generation.我想我们应该为培育这下一代的价值理念感到担忧。

A writer’s work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the right place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade the reader or soothe him or amuse him.作家的使命就是不断地锤炼文字 力求做到用词恰到好处，寻求

能够确切表达意思的词，能够说服、安慰或取悦读者的词语。

An eminent American historian, Barbara Tuchman, who has been highly acclaimed for her narrative histories, gained her first significant recognition in 1958.曾以叙事性历史传记闻名的著名美国历史学家，芭芭拉塔奇蔓，在1958年首次得到认可。

My brother’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.我哥哥那富有感染力的打破了沉默。

后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较普遍。有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂，译成汉语前置定语则显得过长，而且不符合汉语表达习惯，这种情况下往往也可以译成后置的并列分句，作进一步的连贯叙述。后置译法

重复英语关系代词或关系副词所表达的含义，必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。

If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果乘火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感觉到从（密歇根）湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城” 的缘故。They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us.他们对我们的要求置之不理，这使我们大家都很气愤。省略英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义，必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。

In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies.We have great differences today.What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences.我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从一开始就以下几点达成共识：过去的一些时期内我们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。但我们之所以走到一起，是因为我们有着共同利益，这些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。将英语关系代词who或which 转译成汉语人称代词或指示代词。

I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of the world morally.我接触到一些孩子，他们不但情感和智力方面在发展，也

开始在道德伦理方面感悟世界。

把原句中的被修饰词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法。英语中的 ‘there be’ 结构就可以采用这种译法来处理。还有一些带有限制性定语从句的英语复合句，如果英语中的主句能够压缩成汉语词组并用做主语，那么定语从句就可以译成谓语结构，从而构成一个独立句。如果主句压缩成汉语词组后用作其它成分，那么定语从句可以译成一个句子。关系代词可灵活处理。合成译法

There was a man who seemed to have the answers, and who was Mr.Robert.有人似乎胸有成竹，他就是罗伯特先生。

March is the month God created to show people who don’t drink what a hangover is like.上帝创造了三月，诣在让那些未曾喝醉过的人们体验沉醉的感觉。The kapok is in blossom that heralds the early spring.木棉盛开，预示着早春的到来。

You compare her with your English women who wolf down three to five meat meals a day;naturally, you find her a sylph(身材苗条的女人).你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃三到五餐肉食，你拿她同她们(英国女人)比，当然觉得她是个苗条仙女了。

有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有着逻辑状语关系，起着主句的原因，结果，目的，条件，让步等状语的作用，翻译时应该按照其语法功能，译成汉语各种相应的复句。译成状语从句

The computer, which seems to

play the role of a human brain，is often called an electronic brain.由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（原因状语）There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong will-power.只要有坚强的意志力，就没有什么坏习惯不能改掉。（条件状语）

The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to that shipwreck.这位女记者想写篇文章，以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。（目的状语）You would have to be careful not to offend the boss, who would give you the sack at any time.你得小心谨慎，不能得罪老板，因为老板随时可以炒你的鱿鱼。（原因状语）

一主多从式定语从句

一主多从式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句一般都较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但同时也要注意其独特之处。Consequently the manor（庄园）was a self-sufficient village that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.因而，庄园是靠农奴经营的自给自足的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活封建教俗集团。（一个并列句）译成定语 接力式顺译

The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Tom, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫汤姆去关，汤姆又叫补锅匠去关，而补锅匠却装做没听见。先综合后分译

Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost, and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature.塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽到处可得的自然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低；而石灰是由煅烧自然界广泛存在的石灰石

得来的。课文例句

But for a stock, it is an ownership certificate, which means that the buyer has become one of the members in possession of the corporation(issuer)’s properties and his share is equal to the face value of the stock he has purchased.而股票则是一种所有权凭证，证明股票购买人已成为拥有公司财产者的股东之一，其占有的份额与其出资购买的股票面值相等。

For a bond, it is establishing a debtor-creditor relationship between the issuer, who should pay on time the bond principal and interest, and the buyers, who will receive such repayment.债券使发行人和购买人之间形成债务人和债权人的关系，发行人应该按时支付债券本金和利息，购买人将获得此款项。

If there are more purchases than sales on it, which render its prince up, it is called “Bull Market”;if on the contrary, it is called “Bear Market”.如果一种股票买入多于卖出，从而使其价格上升，就称为“牛市”；反之，则称为“熊市”。

For example, the U.S.stock markets suffered from the worst one-day crash in modern history on October 19th, 1987, the day which has come to be known as Black Monday.例如：美国股票市场曾遭受了现代历史上最惨重的“一天暴跌”事情发生在1987年10月19日这一天，后来人们称之为“黑色星期一”。

Another is called “Preference Stock”, which is adopted by part of corporations.另一种叫“优先权”，为部分公司所采用。

课文例句 P84 A second reason for the fall-off share trading is a widely held perception of the small investors’ being at disadvantage to the large pension fund institutional investors who account for over half of all market trading value.购买股票者减少的第二个原因是，大家普遍认为，大基金机构投资者占了股票市场一半以上的贸易额，相比之下，小投资者处于不利地位。

二、Stock股市（次重点P80）识记：股市行情的主要专业术语：

stock issuance发行股票，principal本金，face value面值，indemnity补偿，bonus红利，market tone市场行情，bull market牛市（股票看涨），bear market熊市（股票看跌），Dow Jones industrial average道琼斯工业指数，barometer晴雨表，stock value股票值，brokery industrial worker股票经纪人，Common Stock普通股，Preference Stock优先股，distribution（股息的）分配

三、专业知识和练习（一般）识记：关于股市的相关性知识 78 股票

股票是股份公司在筹集资本时向出资人公开或私下发行的、用以证明出资人的股本身份和权利，并根据持有人所持有的股份数享有权益和承担义务的凭证。股票是一种有价证券，代表着其持有人（股东）对股份公司的所有权，每一股同类型

股票所代表的公司所有权是相等的，即“同股同权”。股票可以公开上市，也可以不上市。在股票市场上，股票也是投资和投机的对象。每个股东所拥有的公司所有权份额的大小，取决于其持有的股票数量占公司总股本的比重。股票一般可以通过买卖方式有偿转让，股东能通过股票转让收回其投资，但不能要求公司返还其出资。股东与公司之间的关系不是债权债务关系。股东是公司的所有者，以其出资额为限对公司负有限责任，承担风险，分享收益。股票

（1）不可偿还性。股票是一种无偿还期限的有价证券，投资者认购了股票后，就不能再要求退股，只能到二级市场卖给第三者。

（2）参与性。股东有权出席股东大会，选举公司董事会，参与公司重大决策。（3）收益性。股东凭其持有的股票，有权从公司领取股息或红利，获取投资的收益。股息或红利的大小，主要取决于公司的盈利水平和公司的盈利分配政策。（4）流通性。股票的流通性是指股票在不同投资者之间的可交易性。

（5）价格波动性和风险性。由于股票价格要受到诸如公司经营状况、供求关系、银行利率、大众心理等多种因素的影响，其波动有很大的不确定性。价格波动的不确定性越大，投资风险也越大。股票特点

交易市场

股票的一级市场

一级市场（Primary Market）也称为发行市场（Issuance Market），它是指公司直接或通过中介机构向投资者出售新发行的股票。所谓新发行的股票包括初次发行和再发行的股票，前者是公司第一次向投资者出售的原始股，后者是在原始股的基础上增加新的份额。

二级市场（Secondary Market）也称交易市场，是投资者之间买卖已发行股票的场所。这一市场为股票创造流动性，即能够迅速脱手换取现值。

二级市场通常可分为有组织的证券交易所和场外交易市场，但也出现了具有混合特型的第三市场（The Third Market）和第四市场（The Fourth Market）。

交易市场 优先股

优先股相对于普通股。优先股在利润分红及剩余财产分配的权利方面优先于普通股。

（1）优先分配权。在公司分配利润时，拥有优先股票的股东比持有普通股票的股东，分配在先，但是享受固定金额的股利，即优先股的股利是相对固定的。

（2）优先求偿权。若公司清算，分配剩余财产时，优先股在普通股之前分配。注：当公司决定连续几年不分配股利时，优先股股东可以进入股东大会来表达他们的意见，保护他们自己的权利。

普通股

普通股是指在公司的经营管理和盈利及财产的分配上享有普通权利的股份，代表满足所有债权偿付要求及优先股东的收益权与求偿权要求后对企业盈利和剩余财产的索取权。普通股构成公司资本的基础，是股票的一种基本形式。目前，在上海和深圳证券交易所上进行交易的股票都是普通股。

课后练习答案 I.短文翻译

1)9月17日，行人从位于纽约时代广场的纳斯达克股票市场走过，那天股市以跌幅达7%收盘，这是继9月11日被劫持的飞机撞塌世贸中心大厦以来首次开盘。2)上海证券交易所开张迄今15年，这个中国首家资本市场目前已覆盖全国，并开始与国际股市接轨。上海证券交易所是一个世界股市有史以来成长最快的资本市场。从2010年至2020年，上海证券交易所将成为全球最大的股票市场之一。3)纽约证券交易所是由21位董事会来经营，其中10位从证券业选举产生，10位从非证券业中挑选产生，还有一位是由董事们选举的董事会主席。纽约证券交易所不拥有证券，不买卖股票，也不影响它们的价格，它只提供一个集中的地方以供其成员买卖证券。

2.（1.1）在普通法中，代理法涵盖了本人与第三者及本人与代理商之间的关系。

（1.2）代理法则决定了本人与第三方和本人与代理商之间的内部关系通常由合同来调节。

（2.1）通常，被代理人明令取消代理人资格或宣布断绝双方关系，代理人宣布断绝双方关系或双方同时终止合同，将被认为废止代理合同。

（2.2）在意大利，如果企业没有倒闭，那么与企业有关的商业行为的代理权将不被终止。

课文译文Unit Seven

股票

当今，公司为扩大其生产和经营而需要一大笔资金，但他们自身财力远远不够，所以，发行股票正好弥补其资金的缺口。

股票主要是通过专门的市场来发行，这和发行债券的方法相似。购买股票的人是向发行公司，即股票发行者提供资金以获得股票。但是，股票发行人和购买者的关系却与债券发行人和购买者的关系明显不同。债券使发行人和购买人之间形成债务人和债权人的关系，发行人应该按时支付债券本金和利息，购买人将获得此款项。而股票则是一种所有权凭证，证明股票购买人已成为拥有公司财产者的股东之一，其占有的份额与其出资购买的股票面值相等。此外，股票是无期限的，因此股票购买人不能半途退股，要回资金，除非他把股票在二级市场上转卖，或者在企业濒临倒闭时向公司提出索赔要求。他每年只能从所投资的股票产生的利润中收取股息和红利。

股票在一级市场发行和在二级市场自由买卖后，其价格就将脱离原票面价格而随市场的行情上下浮动。如果一种股票买入多于卖出，从而使其价格上升，就称为“牛市”；反之，则称为“熊市”。

例如：美国股票市场曾遭受了现代历史上最惨重的“一天暴跌”事情发生在1987年10月19日这一天，后来人们称之为“黑色星期一”。道．琼斯工业指数，这一受到广泛关注的股票价格晴雨表，下跌了508点，这意味着损失达整个股票市值的24%以上，合计5000亿美元。这一危机比1929年股票市场大跌落还要严重些。1929年股票暴跌标志着30年代大萧条的开始。但是1987年的这次股票暴跌并未导致同样的经济衰落。然而，灾祸还是有一些的。25000名股票经纪人，也就是买卖股票的人或对买卖股票进行咨询的人失业了。经纪人这一行业的衰落主要是由于华尔街小投资者的撤出，他们购买的股票比以前少了。经济编辑巴里．伍德告诉我们，股票跌价一年之后，美国私人投资者仍非常谨慎。曾有5300万美国家庭直接或间接地购买公司股票。这些公司在美国主要证券交易所做股票交易。现在拥有股票的家庭已减少到3800万户左右。越来越多的投资者转向有固定利息的国家债券和银行存款。其他投资者则把钱投放在家中添置资产，改善

第7单元课文翻译 篇5

我的孩子们在迅速地成长。女儿今年16岁了，儿子已经在读初中了。由于他们长大了，我们的房子似乎就变小了。因此我们想在庭院拍卖上卖掉我们的一些东西，然后把所得的钱款捐给儿童之家。

我们已经从我们的卧室里清理出很多的东西。我们决定各自卖掉五样我们不再使用的东西。我的儿子开始时觉得特伤心。尽管他已经长时间不玩他的那些旧玩具了，但是他还是想要留下它们。比如说，自他四岁时起拥有的一套火车和铁轨玩具，他差不多每一星期都玩它，直至他大约七岁大。而且他也不想失去他的玩具猴。他小时候每一天晚上都与它相伴而眠的。我女儿更通情达理一些的，虽然她对放弃某些玩具也感到难过。

必修一第二单元课文翻译 篇6

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example:

British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?

American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。请看看这个例子：

英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？

美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢？实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。开始，英格兰人在大约公元450年到1150年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，不像我们现在说的英语。后来，大约在公元800年至1150年之间，英语慢慢变得不那么像德语，因为统治英格兰的那些人开始是说丹麦语，后来说法语。这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。所以到17世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何时候都丰富的词汇。1620年一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了18世纪的时候，一些英国人还被带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始在这两个国家使用。

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后到19世纪的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很大 的变化：先是塞缪尔?约翰逊编写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚?韦伯斯特出版了《美国英语词典》。后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特的个性。