2024年英语专四真题阅读理解答案

2024年英语专四真题阅读理解答案（共6篇）

2024年英语专四真题阅读理解答案 篇1

对于没把握的同学，可以考虑一下捷径θθ,954565870 很不错，记得用联通3G手机或4G，大部分都有信号。

11.A have

12.C to offer

13.B to provide

14.D decide

15.A cultuer

16.B perfered

17.D similar

18.D easy

19.B unapproachalbe

20.D sociable

21.B say

22.B sociabel

23.A young

24.D 25C

26.D role

27.C effects

28.B offer

29.D exercise

30.A features

对于没把握的同学，可以考虑一下捷径θθ,954565870 很不错，记得用联通3G手机或4G，大部分都有信号。

2024年英语专四真题阅读理解答案 篇2

题材选择

从选材来看，此次考试的阅读理解没有选择学术性较强的自然科学类文章，四篇文章可以归为人文和经济两类，而且重在人文，较之去年更加贴近生活。从本次考试所选的题材来看，出题者钟情于选择社会热点、人文科学等考生熟悉的题材，基本上摒弃了以往常会出现的一些比较学术化、专业化的题材。

出题思路

此次考研英语阅读理解的出题者仍然遵循以往的出题思路，该出题思路可概括为四个原则：关键词定位原则、依次而下原则、区域概念原则和同义改写原则。下面我们来逐一解析。

1. 关键词定位原则

所谓“关键词定位原则”，是指出题者在设置题干时会使用一些独特或核心的词汇，这些词汇正是帮助考生寻找答案所在位置的关键词。这些关键词通常包括三大类：①显性关键词，如时间、地名、人名、国家名、阿拉伯数字、特殊符号等明显的线索词；②核心动词；③比较明显的描述性名词等。考生可以利用题干中的这三类关键词迅速回到原文定位，找到答案位置。

2. 依次而下原则

所谓“依次而下原则”，就是出题者所设置的题目顺序与行文顺序相符。考生可以根据这个原则在文中寻找各题目答案的所在位置。也就是说，如果题干中没有出现明显的关键词或信息提示供考生回原文定位时，考生可以利用这个原则来确定该题答案所在的段落。例如，2011年考研英语阅读Text One中的五道题就是按照依次而下原则来设置的：第21题的答案位于原文第一段，第22题的答案位于原文第二段，第23题的答案位于第四段开头，第24题的答案位于第四段后半段，第25题的答案位于原文最后一段。其中，第24题的题干是：“According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?”考生如果能利用题干关键词recordings，同时结合依次而下原则进行定位，便能迅速找到答案位置。

3. 区域概念原则

所谓“区域概念原则”，是指题目设置遵循“一题一区域”的原则，考生只需阅读某一区域的内容便可选出正确答案，其他区域的内容对选择该题答案没有直接影响。这一原则可帮助考生节约答题时间。

4. 同义改写原则

所谓“同义改写原则”，是指出题者设置的正确选项通常是原文相关表达的同义改写。因而，考生在做题时一定要抛开自己的主观臆断，立足于文章本身来对选项进行判断。例如：

27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by _______. (Text Two)

[A] their expectation of better financial status [B] their need to reflect on their private life

[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals

解析：根据题干中的关键词“senior executives’ quitting”，考生可将答案定位在文章第二段第三行“quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post”。通过分析选项，考生可知选项D和答案位置的表达便是同义改写，其中，pursuit是对look for的同义改写, new career goals是对CEO post的同义改写。因而，选项D为正确答案。

题型分析与解题策略

从题型分布上看，此次考试的阅读理解题依旧以细节题为主，一共出现了12道细节题，此外还出现了两道主旨题、一道态度题、一道猜词题、三道推论题和一道例证题。下面就结合本次考试的真题逐一分析各种题型的出题方式和解题方法。

1. 细节题

细节题是每年考研阅读中题量最多的题型，主要考查考生对文章事实信息的理解和掌握情况，正确答案通常是对原文信息的重述。考生在解答细节题时，可利用上文提到的关键词定位和依次而下原则回原文定位，寻找答案所在位置。例如：

36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring _______. (TextFour)

[A] temporary delight[B] enjoyment in progress

[C] happiness in retrospect[D] lasting reward

解析：根据题干中的关键词Jennifer Senior，考生可将答案位置定位至原文第一段。第一段提到了Senior文章中的一些观点，如：“we need to redefine happiness: …, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition”和“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight”。由此可知，Senior认为抚养孩子带来的幸福是事后回忆起来才能感受到的。因而，此题正确答案应该为选项C。

2. 主旨题

主旨题的询问方式一般是“What is the passage mainly about?”或“What is the best title for the passage?”，该题型重点考查考生对文章主题的理解。主旨题的正确答案一般有以下四个特征：①通常出现在文章的第一段或最后一段，考生应特别注意文章第一段和最后一段中出现转折的地方；②常常包含文中反复出现的词汇，或者是包含文中关键词的同义词或近义词；③具有抽象、概括的特征，所传达的通常不会是文章的局部信息；④一般不会出现意义较为绝对的词汇，如always、never、all等。例如：

35. Which of the following is the text mainly about? (Text Three)

[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media [B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media

[C] Dominance of hijacked media [D] Popularity of owned media

解析：Text Three文章的开头部分是：“While traditional ‘paid’ media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.”由此考生可知，本文的重点谈论对象是alternative forms of media，即与传统媒体相对的新媒体形式。因而，此题正确选项为A。选项B、C、D都只涉及文中某些细节，不能概括文章的主旨。

3. 态度题

态度题通常考查考生是否能够正确理解作者的写作意图或对所论述对象的态度或看法。与主旨题类似，态度题常见的出题位置是文章的第一段和最后一段，尤其是最后一段。考生在阅读文章的过程中要注意感情色彩较浓的词汇所包含的情感态度(尤其是形容词、副词等)和文中出现转折的地方(如出现nevertheless、however、yet等转折词的地方)。例如：

25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ________. (Text One)

[A] doubtful[B] enthusiastic[C] confident[D] puzzled

解析：题干中出现的“the author feels”提示考生该题是态度题。考生可通过阅读文章最后一段来找寻答案。文章的最后一段写道：“Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him (编者注：指Gilbert) as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into ‘a markedly different, more vibrant organization.’ But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.”考生可知，这里的but前的句子是Alex Ross的观点，Alex Ross使用了“a markly different, more vibrant organization”表明其对Gilbert对振兴交响乐团的影响持肯定和有信心的态度。但是在Alex Ross的观点之后，作者使用了一个but、一个问号以及“will not be enough”，这明显体现了作者对Gilbert在振兴交响乐团方面所发挥的影响持怀疑态度。因而本题的正确选项为A。

4.猜词题

猜词题是考研英语阅读中必考的题型，主要考查考生对于文中的某个单词、词组或者句子等的意思的理解和猜测。对于这类题型，考生可以通过上下文的逻辑关系(如并列、转折或因果关系等)来推测相关单词、词组或句子的含义。例如：

28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ________. (Text Two)

[A] approved of[B] attended to [C] hunted for[D] guarded against

解析：在原文中，单词poached所在的句子为：“For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.”而这个句子后面紧接了一个例子，用于论证单词poached所在句所陈述的观点，因此，考生只要理解了这个例子，便能猜出该词的含义。这个例子的重点是后面的引言：“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”这句引言表明，CEO的候选人人选首先是从那些在任的CEO中来寻找，这就暗示着，高级经理人的聘用都是公司通过主动找寻得来。因而，此题的正确选项应为C。

5. 推论题

推论题的题干一般都包含若干标志性词汇，如imply、suggest、infer、show、conclude等，要求考生利用文中的细节和事实，并根据上下文提供的线索进行逻辑分析和推断，最终找到正确答案。考生在解答推论题时需要把握以下几点：①有些题目的推理仅仅是对原文信息的同义改写；②考研英语阅读理解所涉及的推理是最简单的逻辑推理，不会涉及复杂的推理和判断；③解题时应基于原文进行推理，不能根据主观经验臆断。请看下面一道真题：

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______. (Text Two)

[A] top performers used to cling to their posts [B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated

[C] top performers care more about reputations [D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules

解析：根据题干中的提示“from the last paragraph”，考生可直接将答案信息定位至原文最后一段。由最后一段出现的“The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one”以及“The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted”可推断出A为正确选项，即高级经理人们现在可接受跳槽了，但过去是不轻易换工作的。

6. 例证题

例证题要求考生找出文中所举的例子是为了论证什么观点。这类题型的解题方法比较简单，考生一般从例子前后表示总结、说明等的句子中便可找出答案。若例子前出现的是for example、 for instance等词组，那么表总结的句子通常出现在例子前面；若例子后出现的是show、prove等词，那么表总结的句子通常会出现在例子后面。例如：

34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of ______. (Text Three)

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media [B] persuading customers into boycotting products

[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media

97年英语专四完型填空真题 篇3

throw the ball into the basket.Naismith wrote rules for the game,(36)___ of which, though with some small changes, are still(37)___ effect.

Basketball was an immediate success.The students(38)___ it to their friends, and the new sport quickly(39)___ on.Today,basketball is one of the most popular games(40)___ the world.

26.A.to have come B.comingC.come D.to come 

27.A.between B.duringC.when D.for 

28.A.roused B.heldC.had D.were 

29.A.imitate B.adoptC.adapt D.renovate 

30.A.being B.to beC.been D.were 

31.A.requested B.usedC.required D.took 

32.A.on B.toC.of D.with 

33.A.power B.strengthC.force D.might 

34.A.fixed B.fixingC.that fixed D.which fixed 

35.A.methods B.rulesC.way D.idea 

36.A.few B.muchC.many D.little 

37.A.with B.inC.on D.for 

38.A.defined B.spreadC.taught D.discussed 

39.A.went B.tookC.put D.caught 

40.A.of B.throughoutC.among D.through Keys:a

英语专四：状语从句部分历年真题 篇4

1.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005-51)

A.would beB.will have beenC.wasD.were

2.He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ____ that he paid me back the following week.(2005-64)

A.on occasionB.on purposeC.on conditionD.only if

3.____ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.(1998-51)

A.GivingB.To giveC.GivenD.Being given

4.You won’t get a loan ____ you can offer some security.(1996-41)

A.lestB.in caseC.unlessD.other than

5.____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.(1996-42)

A.HavingB.GivenC.GivingD.Had

6._____ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.(1995-58)

A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since

7._____ their policy can be changed the future for that country will be indeed bleak.(1993-46)

A.Even ifB.UnlessC.Now thatD.As long as

8.We could go to a concert _____ you’d prefer to visit a museum.(1992-49)

A.ifB.becauseC.unlessD.since

9.____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.(2006-51)

A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However

10.____, Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005-52)

A.Although he is a socialistB.Even if he is a socialistC.Being a socialist

D.Since he is a socialist

11.____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.(2003-49)

A.As much asB.So muchC.How muchD.Much as

12.Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.(2002-48)

A.whoB.asC.thatD.like

13._____ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the

difficulties.(2001-46)

A.As long asB.AsC.WhileD.Even

14.Even as a girl, ____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best

teacher.(2001-42)

A.performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissa’s

performances wereC.knowing that Melissa’s

performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing was

15.____ he always tries his best to complete it on time.(1999-51)

A.However the task is hardB.However hard the task is

C.Though hard the task isD.Though hard is the task

16.Much as ____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that

much spare cash.(1999-52)

A.I would have liked toB.I would like to haveC.I should have to likeD.I

should have liked to

17.____ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.(1998-48)

A.Much asB.Much thoughC.As muchD.though much

18._____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.(1997-46)

A.Instead of his contributionsB.For all his notable contributions

C.His making notable contributionsD.However his notable contributions

19.___ the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator, the trade winds cause a flow of water

to the west.(1991-7)

A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.Though

20.The experiment requires more money than _____.(2002-49)

A.have been put inB.being put inC.has been put inD.to be put in

21.Intellect is to the mind ____ sight is to the body.(2001-45)

A.whatB.asC.thatD.like

22.Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ____ to the

professor.(1998-47)

A.as far asB.the same asC.as much asD.as long as

23.Come and see me whenever _____.(1997-48)

A.you are convenientB.you will be convenientC.it is convenient to youD.it will be convenient to you

24.When I arrived at the meeting, the first speaker ___ and the audience ____.A.had finished speaking… were clappingB.had finished speaking… has clapped

C.finished speaking … clappedD.finished speaking…were clapping

25.Barry has an advantage over his mother ____ he could speak French.(2001-49)

A.since thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that

26.She did her work ____ her manager had instructed.(2002-41)

A.asB.untilC.whenD.though

27.–Does Alan like hamburgers?(2003-45)

-Yes.So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.A.forB.asC.toD.so

28.Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone ____ an opportunity to hear

the speech.(2006-56)

A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have

29.It was as a physician that he represented himself, and ___ he was warmly received.(1997-49)

2024年英语专四真题阅读理解答案 篇5

There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftodayDeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopiahas arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No otherspecies fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 yearseven thepast 100 yearsour lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase todescribe those ignorant of evolution: they look at anorganic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond hiscomprehension。 No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us。

15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to thefirst paragraph?

[A]A lack of mates。

[B]A fierce competition。

[C]A lower survival rate。

[D]A defective gene。

16. What does the example of India illustrate?

[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。

[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。

[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。

[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。

17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____。

[A]life has been improved by technological advance

[B]the number of female babies has been declining

[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution

[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution

[B]Ways of Continuing Man s Evolution

[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature

名师解析

15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the firstparagraph?

根据第一段，做男人以前有什么危险?

[A]A lack of mates. 缺少配偶。

[B]A fierce competition. 激烈竞争。

[C]A lower survival rate. 低存活率。

[D]A defective gene. 有缺陷的基因。

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文中第一段提到做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。

16. What does the example of India illustrate?

印度的例子证明了什么?

[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。

富人往往孩子比穷人少。

[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。

自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用。

[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。

中产阶级的人口比部落人口少80%。

[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。

印度是出生率很高的国家之一。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，进化意义上的自杀还有一种方法：存活，但少生孩子。首先现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，几乎没有几名妇女会生15个孩子表明了当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当，再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。其次，印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层人群中，已经失去了80%的效力是为了证明人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了，换言之，自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用。答案应该是[B]选项。

17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolvingbecause____。

作者认为我们的身体已经停止进化，因为____。

[A] life has been improved by technological advance

技术进步改善了人的生活

[B] the number of female babies has been declining

女婴的数量一直在减少

[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution

我们人种已经到达进化最高阶段

[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

贫富差距间的区别正在消失

【答案】 A

【考点】 逻辑关系题。

【分析】 文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束。第三段中指出，在过去的10万年甚至过去的1中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切，机器代表的就是技术，因此我们可以判定[A]是正确答案。

18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

以下哪一个最合适做本文标题?

[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution 人类进化中的性别比例变化

[B]Ways of Continuing Man s Evolution 继续人类进化的方式

[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature 自然进化的未来

[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere 人类进化无路可走

【答案】 D

【考点】 文章主旨题。

【分析】 文章中在第一段结尾提到由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了。第二段中说再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。第三段提到但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。 [D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere

难句解析：

1. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but thisratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-oldsthere are twice as many women as men。

【结构分析】本句由三个分句构成。第一个分句是There are about 105 males born for every 100 females，一个there be句型;第二个分句butthis ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity是一个简单句;第三个分句是一个therebe结构。

2. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for naturalselection to take advantage of it have diminished。

【结构分析】本句要注意的是有两个主语，分别是differences between people和the opportunityfor natural selection to take advantage of it。

3. The grand mediocrity of todayeveryone being thesame in survival and number of offspringmeans that naturalselection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to thetribes。

【结构分析】本句的主干是The grand mediocrity means that+宾语从句。其中compared tothe tribes是分词结构作状语。破折号中间everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring是典型独立主格结构做插入语，其中survival和number of offspring都是介词in的宾语。

全文翻译：

做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高。这就意味着男孩到了寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩。更重要的是，又一次自然选择的机会消失了。50年前，婴儿，尤其是男婴，存活的机会取决于体重，过轻一公斤或过重一公斤几乎意味着必死无疑。今日体重几乎没有什么区别。由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了。

进化意义上的自杀还有一种方法：存活，但少生孩子。现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，几乎没有几名妇女会生15个孩子。当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当。再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层中已经失去了80%的效力。

对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束;生物学上的乌托邦已经形成。奇怪的是，这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成身体上的改变，而且没有其他物种充斥着自然中如此多的空间。但在过去的10万年甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西。毫无疑问，我们将记住20世纪的生活方式，尽管对其丑陋之处不得其解，但是，不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远，感到有多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少。

1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案

2.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及解析

3.考研英语阅读理解真题及答案

4.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案

5.考研英语二翻译真题、答案及来源分析

6.考研英语二阅读理解真题题型分析

7.考研英语试题真题及答案（完整版）

8.20考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案

9.考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案

1990年考研英语真题与答案 篇6

The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F.Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide(CO2)that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid(H2SO4).Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter.For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth.It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified.In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.16.Venus is similar to Earth in ________.[A] size and density [B] distance from the sun [C] having atmosphere [D] all of the above 17.The greatest value in studying Venus should be to ________.[A] allow us to visit there [B] understand Earth better [C] find a new source of energy [D] promote a new space program 18.The main idea of this passage is about ________.[A] problems of space travel [B] scientific methods in space exploration [C] the importance of Venus to Earth [D] conditions on Venus Text 2 Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues.Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining.“But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs.However, their presence in the workplace is growing.The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace.Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment.More and more women are going into business for themselves.Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment.It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too.The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold.Some of the changes are immediately visible.For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaner.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made.A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19.The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move ________ *A+ quietly through central Rome.” *B+ violently through central Rome.”

*C+ in a long winding line through central Rome.” *D+ at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”

20.Which of the following statements is NOT true? [A] There are more women than men in Italy.[B] In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.[C] In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21.About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________.[A] more job opportunities [B] a greater variety of jobs *C+ “equal job, equal pay” [D] both A and B 22.The best title for this passage would be ________.[A] The Role of Women is Society [B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment [C] Women as Self-employed Professionals [D] Women and the Jobs Market Text 3 The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded.As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results: On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children.They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally.84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors.A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs.The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either.Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.23.The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is ________.[A] true in all senses [B] refuted by the author [C] medically proven [D] a belief of the author 24.The survey of bright children was made to ________.[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults *B+ prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years [C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted [D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out 25.Intelligence tests showed that ________.[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy [B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence [C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults [D] when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores Section III: Close Test For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D], choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001.Many books have been written __26__ the future.But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of the word.In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer.In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment.Videophones will bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations.Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work, robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries.Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week.Holidays will get longer;six weeks will be the normal annual holiday.Men and women will retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different too.The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games.More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today;also they will have a much wider variety of food available.There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu.New synthetic foods will form a __34__ part of people’s diets.Foreign travel will __35__;winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper.Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.26.[A] in [B] of [C] about [D] for 27.[A] sense [B] meaning [C] detail [D] implication 28.[A] for [B] of [C] on [D] towards 29.[A] today [B] nowadays [C] present-day [D] present 30.[A] near [B] nearby [C] nearly [D] nearer 31.[A] noise [B] sound [C] tone [D] tune 32.[A] to [B] away [C] off [D] over 33.[A] than [B] as [C] when [D] while 34.[A] usual [B] popular [C] daily [D] regular 35.[A] add [B] increase [C] raise [D] arise Section IV: Error-detection and Correction Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts.These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D].Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)EXAMPLE: You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because *A+ there’s *B] hardly something [C] left.[D] ANSWER: [C] anything 36.Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them.37.We were very much surprised [A] that the [B] village was such [C] long way from [D] the road.38.John’s chance of being elected *A+ chairman *B+ of the committee is far *C+ greater than Dick [D].39.“We have won *A+ a *B+ great victory on *C+ our enemy *D+,” the captain said.40.There are many valuable services [A] which the public are willing to pay for [B], but which does not bring [C] a return in money [D] to the community.41.The law I am referring [A] require that everyone [B] who owns [C] a car have [D] accident insurance.42.“I considered it *A+ a honor *B+ to be invited to address *C+ the meeting of world-famous [D] scientists,” said Professor Leacock.43.He was seeing [A] somebody creeping [B] into the house through [C] the open [D] window last night.44.The reason for [A] all the [B] changes being made [C] has not explained [D] to us yet.45.Even though [A] the children pretended asleep [B], the nurses were not deceived [C] when [D] they came into the room.Section V: Verb Forms Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets.Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)EXAMPLE: It is highly desirable that a new president ________(appointed)for this college.ANSWER:(should)be appointed 46.Buying clothes ________(be)very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.47.They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________(send)to the conference on schedule.48.I must call your attention to the directions.Read them carefully and act as ________(instruct).49.Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________(hear)from you soon.50.I ________(call)to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.51.If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we ________(not have)to pick him up in the boat.52.After twenty years abroad, William came back only ________(find)his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.53.The lecture ________(begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.54.The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________(close)their books unexpectedly.55.A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses ________(have to destroy).Section VI: Chinese-English Translation Translate the following into English(15 points)56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。57.尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。

59.只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。Section VII: English-Chinese Translation Translate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese.(20 points)People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.(61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs.nurture.”

(62)Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.(63)That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists.They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.(64)The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories.(65)Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences.(66)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.The social and political implications of these two theories are profound.(67)In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.(68)Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.1990年标准答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary(15 points)1.[D] 2.[B] 3.[C] 4.[D] 5.[B] 6.[C] 7.[B] 8.[B] 9.[D] 10.[C] 11.[B] 12.[A] 13.[B] 14.[C] 15.[A] Section II: Reading Comprehension(20 points)16.[D] 17.[B] 18.[C] 19.[C] 20.[B] 21.[D] 22.[B] 23.[B] 24.[A] 25.[C] Section III: Cloze Test(10 points)26.[C] 27.[A] 28.[A] 29.[C] 30.[B] 31.[B] 32.[D] 33.[A] 34.[D] 35.[B] Section IV: Error-detection and Correction(10 points)36.[B] controlling

37.[C] such a 38.*D+ Dick’s

39.[C] over 40.[C] do not bring

41.[A] referring to 42.[B] an honor

43.[A] saw 44.[D] has not been explained 45.[B] to be asleep Section V: Verb Forms(10 points)46.is

47.(should)be sent 48.instructed

49.hearing 50.should have called

51.would not have had 52.to find

53.having begun 54.close

55.will have to be destroyed Section VI: Chinese-English Translation(15 points)56.You should check all data the carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.57.Although the experiment is complicated, they are determined to finish it on time.58.All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here.59.Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.60.This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.Section VII: English-Chinese Translation(20 points)61.他们想要说明，为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。

62.在这场争论中，赞成“天性”一方的那些人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。

63.这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。