考研阅读真题英语一

考研阅读真题英语一（共7篇）

考研阅读真题英语一 篇1

Text 4

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.

[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

[A] violated the Constitution.

[B] undermined the states’ interests.

[C] supported the federal statute.

[D] stood in favor of the states.

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

[A] outweighs that held by the states.

[B] is dependent on the states’ support.

[C] is established by federal statutes.

[D] rarely goes against state laws.

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

考研阅读真题英语一 篇2

考研英语阅读理解由A、B、C三部分组成, 本文主要根据历年考研真题重点解析A部分。这部分包括四篇文章, 共40分。A部分几乎囊括了考研大纲所要求掌握的全部词汇和语法, 并且蕴含了出题人的出题思路设计。对这部分进行精析, 就能扼住考研英语问题的咽喉, 最终干脆利落地解决掉它。

一、辅导材料的选择

尽管考研书店充斥着无数辅导材料, 但是我们唯一的复习依据只能是历年考试真题。只有参透真题, 才能既掌握住重点词汇, 又摸清出题思路。另外, 权威专家精心命制的真题质量, 也远非那些粗制滥造的辅导书可比拟。

二、命题原则

命题专家在设计阅读题目时, 总是会以各种方式迷惑考生。以下四种是他们常用的方式: (1) 同义替换。这是出现最频繁的命题原则, 即在正确答案中用原文某个关键词的同义词或近义词替换该关键词, 有时则以和原文意思相同但造句方式不同的词来设计正确答案; (2) 语言抽象和简约。正确答案的文字一般比较抽象和简约, 难度低于文章本身, 过于绝对的选项一般为错误选项; (3) 正话反说。即选项用否定的方式来表述文中用肯定方式所表述的内容; (4) 反话正说。即文中用否定方式来表述一定的内容, 而选项用肯定的方式把同样的意思再表达一遍。

三、主要考点

以下重点考点为出题人的主要出题设计点:

(1) 首尾段和段首尾:中心思想题是英语阅读的一个重要题型, 而文章的主题句和中心思想往往出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句中。

(2) 列举处和举例处:所谓列举是指通过一些标志顺承关系的词汇列出事实和观点, 标志性的词汇包括first, second, first of all, then, in addition等。针对这一考点通常会有两种题型:第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项;第二种是从四个答案选项中选择错误的一项, 即“except”题型。

一般的说明文和议论文都需要一些例子来进行说明和论证, 因此这些例子也成为了考题出处的热点。

(3) 因果关系处:出题者为了考察考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力, 经常会考察其对因果关系的掌握。一般会给出结果, 让考生去寻找原因;或者给出原因, 让考生去寻找结果。

(4) 转折、对比和类比处:文章的转折处是作者体现观点和主题的地方, 作者通常会在转折词之后明确提出自己的观点。因此, 在转折词如but, however, yet等词汇后面出现的内容往往会成为出题点。

(5) 长难句:长难句是阅读理解主要难度所在, 其中包含了同位语、定语和各种从句等。这些句子是试题的重点所在, 也是英语考察的目的所在。

(6) 特殊词汇、数字和年代:考研英语阅读目的之一就是考察学生对一些词汇的理解。解答这类题目的关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文, 从而推断出其意思。

另外, 还有许多考点需要引起注意, 比如:最高级和绝对词汇、特殊标点符号、专有名词等。

四、复习策略

本人把复习策略阐释成“一个中心, 两个基本点”, 即以至少十年的考试真题为中心, 在其基础上掌握词汇和语法以及出题思路两个基本点。首先, 要对精心选出的真题阅读材料进行精读, 掌握材料中的每一个单词和每一种语法, 这是复习之本;其次, 在对真题无比熟悉的前提下, 研究阅读题型, 探索出题人命题思路, 这是复习的技术环节。

复习初期, 就所选择的真题进行模拟考试练习, 并在做题时要严格计时。对答案后, 要思考自己答错的原因。然后精读文章, 找出所有不认识的词, 查出这些单词的意思和用法, 并记在一个专用的单词本上, 从而清楚并丰富自己的词汇量。对长难句进行分析, 要准备一本语法书, 随时查阅以解决语法问题。按照这个程序, 精读十年以上的真题后, 就能基本掌握考研英语所要求的词汇和语法。在前述方法的基础之上, 我们要把重点放在对题干和选项的分析上。考研英语题型主要有以下几种:中心思想题、情感态度题、猜词题、细节题和推理判断题。我们要根据题型进行专题分析, 精心研习以熟悉命题思路, 通过这个办法才能解决看懂阅读文章而做不对题目的问题。

摘要：在考研英语中, 阅读理解和作文是其中最重要的两部分。本文针对阅读理解中的辅导材料的选择、命题原则、重要考点及复习策略进行浅析, 以帮助广大考研者合理规划, 采用正确的复习方法。

考研阅读真题英语一 篇3

Part A：传统阅读

Part A部分主要包括四篇传统阅读文章，笔者将从文章来源、解题原则和题型分析三个方面对这一部分进行讲解和评析。

文章来源

纵观历年考研英语传统阅读部分的真题，考生可以发现，这些阅读篇章通常来源于英美报刊的网站，例如《经济学人》(The Economist)、《新闻周刊》(Newsweek)、《时代周刊》(Time)以及《美国新闻与世界报道》(US News and World Report)等。所选的这些文章一般是近几年发表的，选题多是考生熟悉的人文科学、社会科学等，并不回避社会热点。

在本次考试中，Text 1选自《时代周刊》2011年4月的一篇文章，原文题目为“Herd Mentality”，主要谈论的是从众心理，属于社会生活类文章。Text 2选自Boston.com网站2011年4月的一篇文章，原文题目为“Vermont Yankee Plant’s Owner Must Honor Its Own Promises”，主要谈论的是美国某能源公司违背承诺的事，属于商业经济类文章。Text 3选自《科学家》(The Scientist) 2011年2月的一篇文章，原文题目为“The Evolution of Credibility”，全文围绕科学发现的可信性的证实过程这一话题展开论述，属于科普类文章。Text 4选自《经济学人》2011年3月的一篇文章，原文题目为“Enemies of Progress”，主要讲述了工会阻碍公共部门改革的问题，属于社会生活类文章。

在备考过程中，考生可以从著名的英文报刊网站上选择一些与考试中出现的篇幅相仿(400～500词左右)、话题类似的文章进行阅读练习，提前熟悉文章的语言风格、行文难度、思维逻辑和论述方法，这样在考试时就不会感觉陌生了。

解题原则

在本次的传统阅读部分，考生可以按照以往的解题思路答题：运用关键词定位原则和同义替换原则。下面我们逐一解析。

解题前——关键词定位原则

在解答传统阅读题目时，很多考生喜欢先细读文章，再去看题目，认为只有这样答题时才觉得心里有底。但由于个别词句和段落较难理解，运用这种方法的考生往往会迷失在阅读篇章的过程中，最后的结果是没有抓住文章中的重点信息，答题正确率也不高。在答题前，笔者建议考生先看题目，根据题目中的关键词回原文定位答案区域，即运用关键词定位原则。出题者在设置题干时通常会使用一些关键词，这些词是考生回原文寻找正确答案的线索，可以帮助考生找到答案出处。关键词通常包括明显的段落提示词、专有名词、数字、核心动词、时间等。考生可以利用关键词迅速回原文定位答案区域。例如，此次考试中，Text 2讲述的是新英格兰一家公司购买了核电站后，不遵守核能源的一些相关规定而引发的争议。考生在解答与文章对应的第26题至第30题时，就可以利用reneging on (Line 3, Para.1)、the 2002 agreement、Paragraph 4、the Vermont case、the last paragraph等题干关键词依次而下地将答案信息定位至原文第一、三、四、五和最后一段中。明确了每道题的答案区域之后，考生在解题时就不会再受到其他无关信息的干扰，可以通过仔细阅读答案所在的段落或区域，把原文内容与选项逐一对比，进行解题。

解题时——同义替换原则

考生在解题过程中要注意，出题者在设置正确选项时都是以原文内容为基础的，有的是选项直接用原文词句，有的是对原文句式进行了改写，但更多的是运用改写的方法对原文进行了同义替换，以增加试题的难度。因此，考生解题时首先要把握住原文句子的基本含义，然后在四个选项中寻找与原文内容一致的信息。下面我们以本次考试Text 3中的第31题为例进行具体分析。

例：According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its _________.

[A] uncertainty and complexity

[B] misconception and deceptiveness

[C] logicality and objectivity

[D] systematicness and regularity

解析：根据题干关键词first paragraph和the process of discovery，考生很容易在文章第一段中找到该题的答案区域，即原文第一段第二句话：“But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.”通过把原文和四个选项对比，考生可以发现，原文中的ambiguous and complicated与选项A中的uncertainty and complexity属同义替换，所以选项A为正确答案。

但此处笔者要提醒考生注意一点，出题人在设置选项时也会设置一些看似但并非是同义替换的干扰选项，给考生的答题造成一定难度，比如加大或缩小原文所述概念的范围。这就需要考生仔细对照选项与原文，谨慎答题。

题型分析

按照考研英语大纲的要求，传统阅读部分主要考查以下六种题型：细节题、主旨题、猜词题、态度题、推断题、例证题。虽然考查的题型众多，但是笔者提醒考生在备考过程中要分清主次，练习时应以细节题为主，其他题型只要能掌握大致的答题方法即可，因为其他题型的出题量很少。此次考试也印证了传统阅读部分仍以考查细节题为主的出题思路。

细节题主要考查考生对文中事实信息的理解和掌握，是考试中出现次数最多的题型。细节题有难有易，对于较容易的题目，考生可以根据题干关键词回原文定位答案区域，然后根据原文相关句子直接得出正确答案；对于较难的题目，考生需在回原文定位答案区域后，再根据原文内容进行推断，得出正确答案。正确解答这类题的关键是考生要耐心和细心。笔者在此提醒各位考生，备考时一定要把单词和句法复习透彻，以防因不认识个别词或看不清句式结构而导致失分过多。在本次Text 1后所给的五道题目中，前四题均为细节题，只有最后一题为态度题。接下来，我们以Text 1的一道细节题为例来具体分析。

例：In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to ________.

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

[D] produce a long-lasting social effect

解析：根据题干关键词Rosenberg’s book，考生可将该题的答案区域定位至文章第四段第二句：“Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.”通过将原文和四个选项对比，考生可以发现，题干中的fails to是对原文not enough的同义替换，选项A中的probe是对原文exploration的同义替换，原文中的social and biological factors在选项A中原词复现。所以，本题正确答案为选项A。

Part B：新题型

考研英语阅读理解Part B部分主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。该部分题型有如下三种，每年出题者会从中选取一种进行考查。

①选择搭配题(7选5)：出题者给出一篇总长度为500～600词的文章，其中有五处空白，要求考生根据文章内容，从文后所给出的6～7段文字中选择恰当的五段填入原文空白处。

②段落排序题：出题者给出一篇长约500～600词的文章，文章各段落的原有顺序被打乱，要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落(7～8段)重新排序。

③标题对应题：在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6～7个概括句或小标题，分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述，要求考生根据文章内容从中选出最恰当的五个填入文章的空白处。

考研英语阅读理解继2005年开始考查新题型以来，选择搭配题(7选5)被考查的次数最多，段落排序题次之，标题对应题考查次数最少。2012年考研英语阅读理解新题型考的就是选择搭配题(7选5)。对于如何快速、正确地解答选择搭配题(7选5)，笔者建议考生可以遵循以下步骤。

第一步，快速浏览全文，把握文章大致内容。

考生在阅读新题型文章时，一定要注意文章首段和全文重点词句(一些专有名词、段首句或段尾句)，通过首段和重点词句判断文章的大意。如果考生在短时间内无法掌握文章所讲的要点，理不清文章的整体结构，不知道文章的主旨大意是什么，那最好不要再重新阅读，以免浪费时间，此时建议考生边做题边阅读原文。就2012年的新题型来说，出题者所选的文章内容通俗易懂，结构也比较清晰。文章选自《新科学家》(New Scientist) 2011年7月的一篇题为“How Computers Can Cure Cultural Diabetes”的文章，主要讲的是计算机改变人们被动消费的趋势，属于社会生活类文章。

第二步，利用句间关系解题。

在解题过程中，考生要重点阅读原文空白处附近的句子，并在原文圈定关键的线索词(包括名词、动词、连词、代词等)，最后从各选项中寻找在内容和语法结构上都与原文衔接合理的选项，确定答案。

第三步，回原文检查，验证所选答案。

得出答案后，考生需将答案放回到原文中，通读全文，检查所选答案是否与文章主题一致，从而验证所选答案是否正确。

下面我们以2012年新题型第41题为例来具体分析。

例：The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labor to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 41

考研真题历年英语二阅读 篇4

It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful， provocative magazine cover story， “I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard， Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn‘t seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there， considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it， raising a kid on their “own” (read： with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small， subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience， in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring

[A]temporary delight

[B]enjoyment in progress

[C]happiness in retrospect

[D]lasting reward

37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that

[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.

[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.

[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.

[D]having children is highly valued by the public.

38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks

[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.

[B]are largely ignored by the media.

[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.

[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.

39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is

[A]soothing.

[B]ambiguous.

[C]compensatory.

[D]misleading.

40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.

[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.

[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.

考研英语一作文真题 篇5

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should

1) describe the drawing briefly

2) explain its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)

Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that a mass of graduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future. A variety of choices, such as finding a job, going further education or abroad, and doing pioneering work, lie in front of them.

The implication echoed by this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life：the success of a man is directly related to the choice made by himself. Nevertheless, I cherish a belief that we can not tell whether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decision success will be realized step by step. Although making choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, judged from the personal aspect, persistence functions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work. However, some people, pacing up and down, are not industrious and try to find a short-cut success. In fact, only those who are hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.

考研阅读真题英语一 篇6

（一）翻译真题--中域教育网

46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such

49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic

考研阅读真题英语一 篇7

第二段的写作方法

第二段的具体内容可以包含三个部分：一是图片反映了什么，二是图片所反映的问题为什么会产生，三是问题产生的影响是什么。下面分别来看每一部分怎么写。

1 图片反映了什么

考生在写这部分时注意一点，那就是“以小见大”。比如，2007年的图画内容是射门球员和守门员没自信，考生可将话题内容扩大至当代人/年轻人缺乏自信；2008年的图画内容是残疾人相互合作，考生可将话题内容扩大至当代人需要合作。总结图画反映的主题时，考生要仔细审图，以避免因跑题而失分。比如，2010年的图画内容是“网络的近与远”，这显然是说网络对人际关系的影响：网络看似拉近人际关系，实际让人忽视了现实的人际交流，导致彼此关系疏远。如果考生将主题写成“沉迷于网络”，那就跑题了。

关于“图片反映了什么”这部分，笔者建议考生采取先高度归纳图片主题，再进行具体阐述的写作方法。下面笔者仍以2013年“毕业生的抉择”这道真题为例来讲解。

Step 1：高度归纳，归纳图片反映了……的意义（significance of …）/危害（severity of ...）/影响（impact of …）。

例1：Obviously， the artist aims at reminding college graduates of the significance of choosing the right path after graduation.

显然，这位艺术家意在提醒大学毕业生在毕业后选择正确的发展道路的意义。

Step 2：对含义进行具体化，可以用“当今，越来越……”这个经典句型展开。

例2：There is no denying the fact that college graduates in growing numbers， nowadays， are uncertain about their future development.

毋庸否认的事实是，现在有越来越多的大学毕业生不是很确定自己的未来发展方向。

2 写原因：为什么会产生这样的问题？为什么……很重要？

写原因几乎是发表观点时必须用到的手段。即使是中性话题、对立观点题也都需要考生分析其中的原因。考生可以从三个方面来找原因：①参与对象；②外部环境；③对正面话题进行反面假设。

不同话题的参与对象不同，比如就2013年真题来说，大学毕业生对未来迷茫，其参与的对象是毕业生，考生可以从毕业生的角度来寻找原因。但仅仅把思路局限在毕业生身上肯定不全面。考生可以想想，这个问题的产生有没有社会的原因？有没有制度的原因？有没有教育的原因？请看下面这个范例。

例3：Some may blame this phenomenon on the fierce social competition， which makes rewarding employment increasingly difficult to obtain and as a result， graduates hesitate when they have to decide whether they should hunt for a job or seek further study. However， the root cause， I deem， is that schools and families fail to provide students with adequate career development education， by which I mean most college students， if not all， have not set a clear goal during college.

有人可能把这个现象归咎于激烈的社会竞争，因为竞争使得收入不错的工作机会越来越难找，所以毕业生在决定是找工作还是深造的时候就会很犹豫。然而，我认为根本原因是学校和家庭未能给学生提供足够的职业发展教育，我是指，大多数大学生，即使不是所有大学生，都没有在大学期间设立清晰的目标。

那么，常见的外部原因有哪些呢？请看笔者列出的如下关键词，考生在写作时可以从以下这些方面写原因。对于使用什么句型，考生可根据自己的基础而定。

外部原因关键词：progress/advance （of science and technology） （科技）进步；social and economic development 社会经济发展；fierce competition 竞争激烈；improvement in people’s living standards 生活水平提高；purchasing power 购买力；the one-child policy 独生子女政策；the reform and opening-up policy 改革开放政策；（the government’s policies haven’t） been strictly enforced （政府措施没）得到严格执行；lack the awareness of … 缺乏……的意识；lack proper guidance in 缺乏合适的引导；pursue economic interests 追求经济利益；put self-interest first 把个人利益放在第一位。

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就分析原因而言，考生能事先准备好的只有外部原因。但是考生写作时不能直接套用自己事先准备好的句子，而应结合话题作具体的延伸描述，这样才能避免使用模板之嫌。

比如， 2010年写作真题中“文化火锅”的图画反映的是文化交流和融合的主题，考生可以想到“科技发展和改革开放”这一外部原因，但是这还不够，如何作更具体的描述呢？继续想，更直接的原因应该是外国人到中国来的机会增多了，而中国人接触到的西方文化也增多了。考生可以将大的外部原因和更直接的原因结合起来写。请看下面这个范例。

例4：With the advent of an information society as well as China’s implementation of the reform and opening-up policy， foreign friends in ever growing numbers come to visit China or get familiar with Chinese culture through the Internet. Likewise， Chinese people are also widely exposed to various kinds of western culture via various means including travelling abroad， watching movies， reading books and so on. All these conditions promote cultural exchange and integration.

随着信息社会的来临以及中国改革开放政策的实行，有不断增多的外国友人来中国游玩或者通过网络熟悉了中国文化。同样，中国人也通过出国旅游、看电影、看书等各种方式广泛接触到了各种各样的西方文化。所有这些条件都推动了文化交流和融合。

考生在重点分析原因之前往往会用一个原因总起句，比如“这个现象的产生有以下几方面的原因”。对于这类句子，笔者建议考生不要背太复杂的句型，因为太长有凑字数之嫌。但也有考生说：“老师，作文我写不出来……”此时就只能用长点的复杂句来凑字数了。原因总起句提供两个版本供大家参考。

例5：Reasons for such a phenomenon can be listed as follows. （简洁版）

这一现象的产生有如下几个方面的原因。

例6：The reasons for this phenomenon may be complicated， but we can， to a large extent， ascribe it to the following interrelated factors. （复杂版）

这一现象产生的原因可能很复杂，但是在很大程度上，我们可以将之归结为以下几个相关因素。

3 写影响：有什么好处？有什么危害？

考题中若出现正面话题，比如乐观、努力等，它们的影响其实就是需要乐观、努力的原因，考生可以从原因的角度来写。当然，考生也可以对正面话题进行反面假设，例如在作文中讲讲不乐观、不努力的后果。下面列举一些经典的“影响”表达。

关于“影响”的表达：be favorable/beneficial to/be of （great） benefit to 对……有好处/有益处；have an/a （positive/negative） impact on 对……有（积极的/消极的）影响；put pressure on 对……形成压力；pose a threat to 对……构成威胁；pose （social and economic） challenges to 对……构成（社会和经济上的）挑战；cast a shadow on 对……蒙上阴影；undermine reputation 破坏声誉；lay a solid foundation for 为……打下坚实的基础；serve as a catalyst for 对……起到促进的作用。

笔者建议考生在阐述影响时不要一步到位，而是采取“一句空泛概括+一句具体化阐述”的形式来写。对影响展开具体叙述时，考生可以采用举例、调查、释句、反面假设等方法。这些方法不仅适用于写影响，也适用于写原因。

比如针对2013年真题，考生可以先空泛说明“选择迷茫会对大学生的未来发展留下阴影”，然后再具体阐明“不合理的未来发展规划会影响年轻人学习、求职或工作的能力”。具体如下。

例7：Such a phenomenon undoubtedly casts a pall over young adults’ future development. Considerable evidence indicates that irrational or inappropriate future development plans hinder a young person’s ability to study， find or hold a job.

这样一个现象毋庸置疑会对年轻人的未来发展蒙上阴影。大量的证据表明，不理性或者不恰当的未来发展计划会阻碍年轻人学习、求职或职场能力的发展。

综上所述，一个完整的第二段就可以出来了。

Obviously， the artist aims at reminding college graduates of the significance of choosing the right path after graduation. However， there is no denying the fact that college graduates in growing numbers， nowadays， are uncertain about their future development. Some may blame this phenomenon on the fierce social competition， which makes rewarding employment increasingly difficult to obtain and as a result， graduates hesitate when they have to decide whether they should hunt for a job or seek further study. However， the root cause， I deem， is that schools and families fail to provide students with adequate career development education， by which I mean most college students， if not all， have not set a clear goal during college. Such a phenomenon undoubtedly casts a pall over young adults’ future development. Considerable evidence indicates that irrational or inappropriate future development plans hinder a young person’s ability to study， find or hold a job.

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上述范文的总字数为155词，这说明按照上面的思路写第二段能轻松达到字数要求，考生只需要根据自己的英语实际水平发挥就好，不必面面俱到。这里需要跟考生强调一点，考生在写第二段前，要问自己三个问题：图片告诉了我们什么？为什么会这样？会有什么影响？这三点一定要用简单、明确的中文罗列好关键词，尝试组织成句，并在此过程中思考自己可以用上什么词组和句型，用上哪些自己背过的句子。这一步是考研写作成功的关键。

第三段的写作方法

第三段的写作要求和难度要比前面两段低很多，考生只需做个总结，提一提自己认为可行的改进建议或解决问题的方案即可。考生要清楚的一点是，一个社会问题是不可能三言两语就说清楚怎么解决的，所以，考生在作文后面结合宏观和微观两方面大致写一下建议措施即可。考生在第三段需要做好两个方面：一是写总结句，二是提出建议措施。下面详述。

1 总结句

第三段开篇考生可以写一个总结句。根据正负面话题的不同，考生写作的角度可以不同。

对于正面话题，考生可以强调主题的意义或重要性，请看下面的例句。

例1：It is essential for China to promote cultural development and cultural exchange both nationally and internationally. （2010年“文化火锅”真题）

中国积极在国内外推进文化发展与交流是十分必要的。

对于负面话题，考生可以强调负面现象急需解决。请看下面两个例句。

例2：Such a problem calls for joint efforts made by government， mass media and educators. （适合各类社会性负面话题，比如环境污染、盗版、不尊老等）

解决这样的问题有赖于政府、大众媒体和教育者的共同努力。

例3：Accordingly， the most pressing matter of the moment is to help students set their goals for their own future. （2013年“毕业生的抉择”真题）

因此，当务之急是帮助学生树立自己的未来目标。

2 建议措施句

总结句之后，考生可以写建议措施句。对于正面话题，比如乐观、持续努力等，考生可以写如何做得更好。

例4：For one thing， Chinese people should be more open-minded to absorb the cultural essence of different countries， regardless of whether they are developed countries or not. For another， people should also keep in mind that only by preserving and carrying forward traditional Chinese culture can we maintain its glamour on the world stage. （2010年“文化火锅”真题）

一方面，中国人民应该更加开放地吸收包括各个国家的文化精髓，而不在意它们是否是发达国家。另一方面，人们应该时刻铭记，我们只有坚持保护并传承中国传统文化，中国文化才能在世界舞台上绽放光芒。

对于负面话题，考生需要提供解决问题的建议措施，很容易找写作思路。

例5：In my humble opinion， schools and families ought to help students weigh the advantages against the disadvantages of each decision. As for our government， it should make efforts to expand employment and issue favorable policies to support creative and enterprising students who want to start their own business. （2013年“毕业生的抉择”真题）

以我的浅见看来，学校和家庭要帮助学生权衡每个决定的利弊；对于政府来说，应该努力扩大就业并且颁布支持性政策鼓励有创造力和事业心的大学生创业。

写完总结句和建议措施句，第三段就搞定了。不过，在实际的写作过程中，考生遇到的最大问题是想不到和提不出建议措施。前面讲过，事物产生的原因有内因（参与对象）和外因（社会环境），那么提建议措施同样可以从这两个角度出发。参与对象因话题而异，但是社会环境能够改善的地方就那几个方面，不同的话题都能用上，只是在用的过程中一定要和话题结合，不然就会显得空洞、无内容了。常见的关于外部环境改善的出发点有四个方面：政府、公民意识、媒体和学校宣扬、社会风气和氛围。下面列出各个方面的关键词。

1. 有问题找政府：our/local government 当地政府；department concerned 相关部门；make rules and regulations 制定规则与政策；take measures 采取措施；carry out a campaign 发起运动；punish sb. who does sth. 惩罚做某事的人；advocate sth. 提倡某事；warn sb. about sth. 就某事对某人进行警告。

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2. 公民的意识要提高：raise/enhance people’s awareness of sth. 提高公民在某方面的认识；take a correct attitude toward sth. 对某事采取正确的态度；adopt a positive attitude towards sth. 对某事采取积极的态度；establish a positive/scientific outlook on sth. 对某事报以积极/科学的态度。

3. 媒体和学校的宣扬：mass media 大众媒体；schools 学校；educators 教育者；convey instructive information about … to … 就某事向……传达有指导性的信息；instruct sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事；bring people’s attention to sth. 使人们关注某事；remind sb. of sth. 就某事提醒某人；popularize sth./the notion that … 宣传某事或某种观念。

4. 社会风气和氛围：The whole society should forge a wholesome atmosphere to … 整个社会要对……形成健康的氛围；Sth. should be advocated in our society 某事应在社会得到提倡；Sth. should be publicized 某事应得到宣传；cultivate social trends of encouraging sth. 形成鼓励某事的社会风气。

综上所述，对于2013年真题，第三段可以这样写。

Accordingly， the most pressing matter of the moment is to help students set their goals for their own future. In my humble opinion， schools and families ought to help students weigh the advantages against the disadvantages of each decision. As for our government， it should make efforts to expand employment and issue favorable policies to support creative and enterprising students who want to start their own business.