阅读理解真题考研英语

阅读理解真题考研英语（精选8篇）

阅读理解真题考研英语 篇1

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The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.

What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.

As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.

31.The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen as

[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’s wealth.

[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.

[C]an example of bankers’ investment.

[D]a handsome reward for researchers.

32.The phrase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2) most probably means

[A]the profit-oriented scientists.

[B]the founders of the new award.

[C]the achievement-based system.

[D]peer-review-led research.

33.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.

[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.

[C]legitimate concerns over the new prize.

[D]the demonstration of research findings.

34.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one feel

[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.

[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.

[C]They are the most representative honor.

[D]History has never cast doubt on them.

35.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

[A]acceptable despite the criticism.

[B]harmful to the culture of research.

[C]subject to undesirable changes.

[D]unworthy of public attention.

阅读理解真题考研英语 篇2

从09年6月的大学英语四级考试快速阅读理解题来看, 本次的快速阅读题与去年6月份的快速阅读题在文体上大致相同, 既存在大标题, 也存在小标题, 文章篇幅也大体相当, 但与去年12月份的快速阅读题相比, 有较大差异。今年的快速阅读的题目难度来讲和去年12月份相比应该是有一个下降的程度, 由于去年12月份的快速阅读题难度过高, 段落也比较多, 今年的难度从形式和内容上都回归了常态。第1～7题都相对简单, 基本都可以在原文中找到“信息”, 能在原文中可以直接找到答案的类型。而第8题虽然是填空题, 但从句子意思的理解上来看也是直接信息的转换题。此外, 难度稍大的应该是第9和10题。难在对生词的词义理解上难, 而且形式也要写对;同时, 第10题不能直接在原文中找到现成的答案的, 需要在对文章的理解基础上做出归纳和总结才能做对。下面, 笔者以2009年6月CET4快速阅读理解真题为例进行详细的分析, 并提出具体的解题技巧。

★真题呈现 (保留原题号)

How do you see Diversity

As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company.During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact.She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.

He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said“untrustworthy”, so she decided to off the job to her second choice.

“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person, ”Tiffany confesses.What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a culture misunderstanding.He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避开) your eyes.

“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact;not realizing it was cultural, ”Tiffany says.“I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.”

Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different.As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.

Hire Advantage

At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏见) from the process have a distinct advantage.My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots.A rea estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.

“During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets.The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company.When the real estate market began to change.It was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than other in the same profession.”

Blinded by Gender

Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce.“Though one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias, ”he recalls.“I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.”In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.

“I had a management position open in my department;and the two finalists were a man and a woman.Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.”

Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits and organization’s to tap into the full potential if a diverse workforce.

“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to call candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.”Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make an informed decision based on fairness.”

Year of the Know-It-All

Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops.He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.

“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year.In my ignorance, I assumed he had his date wrong, as the first of January had just passed.when I advised him of this, I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.”

“He patiently waited, and then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off.Not the Western New Year.He explained politely that in this culture the New Year did not begin January the first, and that Chinese New Year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar.Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up.But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.”

“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all”Doug admits.“The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more‘inclusive’to difference.”

A Better Bottom Line

An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well.These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales.“Most of my customers speak English as a second language.One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone.It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service.As a result, our customer base has increased.”

Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone.Diversity is about coming together and talking advantage of our differences and similarities.It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.

When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values.We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.

★答案与解析

1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?

A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.

C) His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.D) His answers to some of her question were irrelevant.

根据文中第一段中“During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact.She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.”可知蒂芙尼在面试她的候选人时她所困惑的是她的候选人在面试时从来就没有眼神的接触与交流。因此, 本题的答案是:A) 。

2.Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from_________.

A) radical stereotypes B) invalid personal bias C) cultural ignorance D) emphasis on physical appearance

根据文中第三段中“what she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidates’different behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding.”可知蒂芙尼对候选人做出错误的判断来自于她对不同文化的错误理解。同时, 选项A) , B) , D) 三项与第三段的意思不相符。因此, 本题的答案是:C) 。

3.What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the passage?

A) Hiring qualified technical and management personal.

B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.

C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.

D) Expanding domestic and international markets.

根据文中第五段中“it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumption.”可知因为随着世界变得越来越小以及工作地点的多样化, 所以, 在经济全球化的进程中有必要不断地更新知识和武装自己。因此, 本题的答案是:B) 。

4.What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?

A) A real estate agency.B) A personnel training company.C) A cultural exchange organization.D) A hi-tech company.

根据文中第六段第二、三、四行“My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots.A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.”可知Mindsets LLC主要是帮助组织和个人明白他们自己的盲点以便有针对性地进行培训。此外, 在后面一句作者还举了一个例子说Mindsets LLC帮助房地产公司的招聘人员阐述了诸如培训所带来的某些差异。所以, 从这里可以判断出Mindsets LLC是个人事培训公司。因此, 本题的答案是:B) 。

5.After one of the workshops, account executive Dale realized that_______

A) he had hired the wrong person.B) he could have done more for his company.

C) he had not managed his workforce well.D) he must get rid of his gender bias.

根据文中第八段“Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diver workforce.Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias, he recalls.I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.In his case, the blindness was not about cultural but rather gender”可知这个account executive Dale在参加完Mindsets LLC的讲习班后意识到他没有注意到人的差异性, 并且在后面作者分析了他的问题说在他这个例子中盲点在这里不是有关文化方面的而是性别的差异。所以, 从这里可以推断出Dale必须改掉他的性别歧视。因此, 本题的答案是:D) 。

6.What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?

A) It as well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’full potential.

C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’diverse needs.

根据文中第十段“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.Dale credits the workshop, because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.”可知Dale认为Mindsets LLC’s学习班有助于他消除偏见, 帮助他从职责、期望等多方面考查候选人, 并以此为基础对候选人做出公正的决定。因此, 本题的答案是:C) 。

7.How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?

A) He told him to get the dates right.B) He demanded an explanation.C) He flatly turned it down.D) he readily approved it.

根据文中第十二段“one of my embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year.In my ignorance, I assumed he had his dates wrong, as the first of January had just passed.when Iadvised him of this, I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates”可知由于文化的差异导致的新年时间上的差异性, 由于Doug不了解这一点, 所以, 当美籍华人要求请假过新年时, Doug说新年时间已经过了, 同时, 他还与那位美籍华人谈了很长一段时间要求美籍华人注意时间。因此, 本题的答案是:A) 。

8.Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.

根据文中第十二段第一、二行“one of my embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year.”可知当他意识到他的假设是错误时他感到很尴尬。因此, 本题的答案是:embarrassed。

9.After attending Mindset’s workshops, the participants came to know the importance of________to their business.

根据文中第十五段a better bottom line小标题下的最后一行“it was not until my boss received Mindset’s training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service.As a result, our customer base has increased.”可知那位老板在参加Mindsets的培训班后说通过培训使她能够理解对客户服务的包容是多么重要啊, 并且由于包容客户的需求, 她的客户也越来越多了。因此, 本题的答案是:inclusiveness。

10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes, wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe betweenus.

阅读理解真题考研英语 篇3

题材选择

从选材来看，此次考试的阅读理解没有选择学术性较强的自然科学类文章，四篇文章可以归为人文和经济两类，而且重在人文，较之去年更加贴近生活。从本次考试所选的题材来看，出题者钟情于选择社会热点、人文科学等考生熟悉的题材，基本上摒弃了以往常会出现的一些比较学术化、专业化的题材。

出题思路

此次考研英语阅读理解的出题者仍然遵循以往的出题思路，该出题思路可概括为四个原则：关键词定位原则、依次而下原则、区域概念原则和同义改写原则。下面我们来逐一解析。

1. 关键词定位原则

所谓“关键词定位原则”，是指出题者在设置题干时会使用一些独特或核心的词汇，这些词汇正是帮助考生寻找答案所在位置的关键词。这些关键词通常包括三大类：①显性关键词，如时间、地名、人名、国家名、阿拉伯数字、特殊符号等明显的线索词；②核心动词；③比较明显的描述性名词等。考生可以利用题干中的这三类关键词迅速回到原文定位，找到答案位置。

2. 依次而下原则

所谓“依次而下原则”，就是出题者所设置的题目顺序与行文顺序相符。考生可以根据这个原则在文中寻找各题目答案的所在位置。也就是说，如果题干中没有出现明显的关键词或信息提示供考生回原文定位时，考生可以利用这个原则来确定该题答案所在的段落。例如，2011年考研英语阅读Text One中的五道题就是按照依次而下原则来设置的：第21题的答案位于原文第一段，第22题的答案位于原文第二段，第23题的答案位于第四段开头，第24题的答案位于第四段后半段，第25题的答案位于原文最后一段。其中，第24题的题干是：“According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?”考生如果能利用题干关键词recordings，同时结合依次而下原则进行定位，便能迅速找到答案位置。

3. 区域概念原则

所谓“区域概念原则”，是指题目设置遵循“一题一区域”的原则，考生只需阅读某一区域的内容便可选出正确答案，其他区域的内容对选择该题答案没有直接影响。这一原则可帮助考生节约答题时间。

4. 同义改写原则

所谓“同义改写原则”，是指出题者设置的正确选项通常是原文相关表达的同义改写。因而，考生在做题时一定要抛开自己的主观臆断，立足于文章本身来对选项进行判断。例如：

27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by _______. (Text Two)

[A] their expectation of better financial status [B] their need to reflect on their private life

[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals

解析：根据题干中的关键词“senior executives’ quitting”，考生可将答案定位在文章第二段第三行“quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post”。通过分析选项，考生可知选项D和答案位置的表达便是同义改写，其中，pursuit是对look for的同义改写, new career goals是对CEO post的同义改写。因而，选项D为正确答案。

题型分析与解题策略

从题型分布上看，此次考试的阅读理解题依旧以细节题为主，一共出现了12道细节题，此外还出现了两道主旨题、一道态度题、一道猜词题、三道推论题和一道例证题。下面就结合本次考试的真题逐一分析各种题型的出题方式和解题方法。

1. 细节题

细节题是每年考研阅读中题量最多的题型，主要考查考生对文章事实信息的理解和掌握情况，正确答案通常是对原文信息的重述。考生在解答细节题时，可利用上文提到的关键词定位和依次而下原则回原文定位，寻找答案所在位置。例如：

36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring _______. (TextFour)

[A] temporary delight[B] enjoyment in progress

[C] happiness in retrospect[D] lasting reward

解析：根据题干中的关键词Jennifer Senior，考生可将答案位置定位至原文第一段。第一段提到了Senior文章中的一些观点，如：“we need to redefine happiness: …, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition”和“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight”。由此可知，Senior认为抚养孩子带来的幸福是事后回忆起来才能感受到的。因而，此题正确答案应该为选项C。

2. 主旨题

主旨题的询问方式一般是“What is the passage mainly about?”或“What is the best title for the passage?”，该题型重点考查考生对文章主题的理解。主旨题的正确答案一般有以下四个特征：①通常出现在文章的第一段或最后一段，考生应特别注意文章第一段和最后一段中出现转折的地方；②常常包含文中反复出现的词汇，或者是包含文中关键词的同义词或近义词；③具有抽象、概括的特征，所传达的通常不会是文章的局部信息；④一般不会出现意义较为绝对的词汇，如always、never、all等。例如：

35. Which of the following is the text mainly about? (Text Three)

[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media [B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media

[C] Dominance of hijacked media [D] Popularity of owned media

解析：Text Three文章的开头部分是：“While traditional ‘paid’ media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.”由此考生可知，本文的重点谈论对象是alternative forms of media，即与传统媒体相对的新媒体形式。因而，此题正确选项为A。选项B、C、D都只涉及文中某些细节，不能概括文章的主旨。

3. 态度题

态度题通常考查考生是否能够正确理解作者的写作意图或对所论述对象的态度或看法。与主旨题类似，态度题常见的出题位置是文章的第一段和最后一段，尤其是最后一段。考生在阅读文章的过程中要注意感情色彩较浓的词汇所包含的情感态度(尤其是形容词、副词等)和文中出现转折的地方(如出现nevertheless、however、yet等转折词的地方)。例如：

25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ________. (Text One)

[A] doubtful[B] enthusiastic[C] confident[D] puzzled

解析：题干中出现的“the author feels”提示考生该题是态度题。考生可通过阅读文章最后一段来找寻答案。文章的最后一段写道：“Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him (编者注：指Gilbert) as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into ‘a markedly different, more vibrant organization.’ But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.”考生可知，这里的but前的句子是Alex Ross的观点，Alex Ross使用了“a markly different, more vibrant organization”表明其对Gilbert对振兴交响乐团的影响持肯定和有信心的态度。但是在Alex Ross的观点之后，作者使用了一个but、一个问号以及“will not be enough”，这明显体现了作者对Gilbert在振兴交响乐团方面所发挥的影响持怀疑态度。因而本题的正确选项为A。

4.猜词题

猜词题是考研英语阅读中必考的题型，主要考查考生对于文中的某个单词、词组或者句子等的意思的理解和猜测。对于这类题型，考生可以通过上下文的逻辑关系(如并列、转折或因果关系等)来推测相关单词、词组或句子的含义。例如：

28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ________. (Text Two)

[A] approved of[B] attended to [C] hunted for[D] guarded against

解析：在原文中，单词poached所在的句子为：“For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.”而这个句子后面紧接了一个例子，用于论证单词poached所在句所陈述的观点，因此，考生只要理解了这个例子，便能猜出该词的含义。这个例子的重点是后面的引言：“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”这句引言表明，CEO的候选人人选首先是从那些在任的CEO中来寻找，这就暗示着，高级经理人的聘用都是公司通过主动找寻得来。因而，此题的正确选项应为C。

5. 推论题

推论题的题干一般都包含若干标志性词汇，如imply、suggest、infer、show、conclude等，要求考生利用文中的细节和事实，并根据上下文提供的线索进行逻辑分析和推断，最终找到正确答案。考生在解答推论题时需要把握以下几点：①有些题目的推理仅仅是对原文信息的同义改写；②考研英语阅读理解所涉及的推理是最简单的逻辑推理，不会涉及复杂的推理和判断；③解题时应基于原文进行推理，不能根据主观经验臆断。请看下面一道真题：

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______. (Text Two)

[A] top performers used to cling to their posts [B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated

[C] top performers care more about reputations [D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules

解析：根据题干中的提示“from the last paragraph”，考生可直接将答案信息定位至原文最后一段。由最后一段出现的“The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one”以及“The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted”可推断出A为正确选项，即高级经理人们现在可接受跳槽了，但过去是不轻易换工作的。

6. 例证题

例证题要求考生找出文中所举的例子是为了论证什么观点。这类题型的解题方法比较简单，考生一般从例子前后表示总结、说明等的句子中便可找出答案。若例子前出现的是for example、 for instance等词组，那么表总结的句子通常出现在例子前面；若例子后出现的是show、prove等词，那么表总结的句子通常会出现在例子后面。例如：

34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of ______. (Text Three)

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media [B] persuading customers into boycotting products

[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media

考研英语二阅读理解真题题型分析 篇4

分析：综合来说今年的阅读理解符合考研英语二大纲的难度水平，或许有些同学会因为第四篇阅读中出现的一些专业词汇和一词多义现象所难到，但只要静心阅读就不太会出现理解上的障碍。

考研英语阅读四篇文章的出处分别是：《经济学人》的《金钱和幸福》(Money and happiness);《星报在线》的《怎样改善自己的相貌》(How we really rate our looks);《劳伦斯日报》的《科学发现情绪会影响眼泪的化学成分》;《英国卫报》的《综合开支审查可能会扭转房市危机》(Comprehensive spending review could turn the housing crisis around)

同样，考研命题组对这四篇文章都有适当的删减和修改，但并没改变原文意思，考生不用担心会有过难理解的句子出现。从以上分析不难看出，考研英语命题的选材依旧偏向于各大外媒报纸中的经典文章，题材多样且具有趣味性。

这就要求考生在平时的复习的过程中多浏览国外著名报纸以扩展自身的知识面，同时提升自己的阅读能力。针对题源出处的总结问题，考研1号系列考研英语一真题书《考研真相》和考研英语二真题书《考研圣经》，对历年真题的出处都有系统的分析总结。考生可参考这两本真题解析书中的详细分析给自己制定一个合适的课外预读计划，这样循序渐进、长期积累定会有意想不到的效果。

Text 1

原文标题：《金钱和幸福》(Money and happiness)

刊登时间：Jun 22nd

原文节选：WHAT would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house inFloridato collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. The blogosphere is full of advice for this lucky Powerball pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found lucre will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than read “Happy Money” by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.

These two academics―she teaches psychology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia; he lectures on marketing atHarvardBusinessSchool―use an array of behavioural research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and palatial homes on remote bluffs. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time―as stories or memories―particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck”. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib―a marketing gimmick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

Text 2

原文出处：星报在线(The Star Online)

原文标题：《怎样改善自己的相貌》(How-we-really-rate-our-looks)

刊登时间：June 29, 2013

原文节选：Some advertising would have us believe that we’re more beautiful than we think we are. In fact, the reverse may be true.

WE HAVE a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing (to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this.

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above-average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving (across the ages and genders) and 85% at getting on well with others C all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own self-esteem. We strut around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a line-up, including versions that had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely-flattering image C which most did C they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.

Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively-doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real, directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.

“I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,” says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.

考研阅读真题英语一 篇5

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.

[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

[A] violated the Constitution.

[B] undermined the states’ interests.

[C] supported the federal statute.

[D] stood in favor of the states.

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

[A] outweighs that held by the states.

[B] is dependent on the states’ support.

[C] is established by federal statutes.

[D] rarely goes against state laws.

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

阅读理解真题考研英语 篇6

来源:智阅网

人们都说，考研真题很重要，可是我们做了好久的题,看了那么多的技巧和方法,可阅读题的正确率，依旧没有提升。平时做练习还好,可一到做真题,就歇菜。很多同学说，现在是基础巩固阶段，不需要做真题。但我们一味的逃避也不是办法啊，早晚得直面考研真题的考验。今天我们就来探索一下考研英语历年阅读真题的来源，制定详细的阅读复习计划，争取一次性通关。

我们每天只知道一味的做题，有想过考研英语阅读真题来源于哪吗？今天我们就追根溯源，寻找历年真题的来源。

2016年考研：

1.2015年4月5日《基督教科学箴言报》

2.2014年11月15日《卫报》

3.2015年7月23日《经济学人》

4.2015年3月26日《美国大西洋月刊》 2015年考研

1.2014年6月4日《卫报》

2.2014年4月28日《华盛顿邮报》

3.2014年7月3日《自然杂志》

4.2014年6月29日《卫报》 2014年考研

1.2013年6月29日《卫报》

2.2013年2月2日《经济学人》

3.2013年6月12日《自然杂志》

4.2013年7月1日《华尔街日报在线》 2013年考研

1.2012年6月21日《商业周刊》

2.2012年6月9日《经济学人》

3.2012年5月23日《科学美国人》

4.2012年6月25日《华尔街日报》

2012年考研：

阅读：

1.2011年3月24日《时代周刊》

2.2011年3月17日《经济学人》

新题型：

2011年7月5日《新科学家》

2011年考研：

1.2007年9月《社评杂志》

2.2009年11月《商业周刊》

3.2010年1月《福布斯》

4.2010年7月9日《新闻周刊》

2010年考研：

1.2008年2月26日《商业周刊》

2.2007年2月《哈佛经济评价》

3.2009年4月《经济学人》

通过上面数据的统计，可以看出80%文章来源于《经济学人》、《商业周刊》、《卫报》、《新闻周刊》，其中大多数文章为议论文和说明文，并且以社科类文章为主。

阅读理解真题考研英语 篇7

一、主语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】

上述例句中画线部分均用作主语。主语是句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词,短语和句子等来承担,通常位于句首。

【温馨提醒】

●当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为了避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。

二、谓语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】上述例句中画线部分均用作谓语。谓语陈述或说明主语的动作或状态,位于主语之后,有人称、数、语态和时态的变化。

【温馨提醒】

●依繁简程度,谓语分为简单谓语(由一个动词或动词词组构成)和复合谓语(由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式或由连系动词+表语构成)两类。

三、表语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】上述例句中画线部分均用作表语。表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态,常位于系动词之后,由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等来充当。

【温馨提醒】

常见的系动词有be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等。

四、宾语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】上述例句中画线部分均用作宾语。宾语表示动作涉及的对象,位于及物动词之后,一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和句子等来充当。

【温馨提醒】

●宾语可分为单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语三种形式。

●不定式、动名词、从句等作宾语且后跟宾语补足语时,常会用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置,采用“动词+it+宾语补足语(adj./n.)(+for sb)+不定式(动名词或从句)”结构。

五、定语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】上述例句中画线部分均用作定语。定语修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征,常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等来充当。

【温馨提醒】

●单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语或从句作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。

六、状语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【温馨提醒】

●不同的状语出现在句子中的位置也不同。

【核心点解读】上述例句中画线部分均用作状语。状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句等来充当,说明时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等概念。

七、补足语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】

上述例句中画线部分均用作补足语。补足语补充说明宾语或主语的行为、状态、身份、特征等,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等来充当。分为宾语补足语和主语补足语两种。

【温馨提醒】

●宾语和宾补之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系,两者构成复合宾语。含有宾补的主动句变为被动句时,宾语补足语就变为主语补足语。

八、同位语核心点

【典例】注意以下例句中画线部分的句法作用。

【核心点解读】

上述例句中画线部分均用作同位语。同位语对句子中的某一成分作进一步的解释、说明或限定,与被其说明的先行词在语法上处于同等地位,一般由名词、代词、数词、从句等来充当。

【温馨提醒】

●当同位关系紧密时,其前后不用逗号隔开;当同位语只作补充解释时可用逗号隔开。

九、小试牛刀

在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

从高考真题,看英语句子成分核心点

1.to be updated。update与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故用不定式的被动结构。

2.to have sailed。sail与其逻辑主语Marco Polo之间是主动关系,且动作已经发生。故用to have sailed。

3.it。此处缺少形式主语。

4.living。try doing sth表示尝试做某事。

5.such。这里是such+形容词+不可数名词+as to结构。

6.making。动名词形式作同位语时,位于同位的名词之后,且用逗号与前面的名词隔开,表示前面名词的内容。

7.rising。现在分词短语作定语修饰smoke。

8.spoken。过去分词短语作定语修饰language。

9.who。who引导定语从句。

10.available。available是avail的形容词形式。

解析阅读理解高考真题 篇8

一、 高考阅读体裁分布特点

A. 从高考对学生阅读能力的要求出发，论说类文章因为理解难度较大，问题设置机制复杂，可用于拔高分层，只适合少量选用，不是出题重点。

B. 广告信息类选文因其所给的信息过于直接，基本是出于让具备基本能力的考生都有分可拿的考虑而设置，因而也不是重点。

C. 故事类和说明类文章难度适中，题目设置选择余地大，是出题人最倾向选择的文体，因而对这两类文章的理解是高考阅读理解拿分的重点。

D. 如果我们可以在轻松拿到信息类题目的分数基础上，稳定中坚部分，即C类的分数，再根据自身情况，尽量争取更多地拿到拔高部分分数，那么阅读理解就不会成为高考英语的绊脚石，而是奠基石。

《新高考》拟选 18篇阅读理解真题，分为四类，按类别进行第一阶段，即基础阶段的讲解。依照从高考试卷中总结出的分类规律，这一专题将从出现频率最高的故事类和说明类开始，然后进入更具挑战性的论说类文章，最后让大家相对轻松地接触新闻广告类，缓解紧张和疲劳。结束后再回到高考真题的具体解析，模拟题与真题结合，方法与操作结合，知识与能力结合，一定能够帮助大家快乐阅读，快乐理解。阅读中理解，理解着阅读。

二、 选文解析

Today, roller-skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, no one had any ideas of roller-skating. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. He liked to make things and play the violin （小提琴）in his free time. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.

One day Merlin was invited to a party. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make an amazing entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought everyone at the party would show much interest if he could skate into the room.

Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.

On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was very surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror（镜子）that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces. Merlin’s idea was so good that nobody forgot his special entrance for a long time. But could he find out a way to stop his roller skates?

1. The text is mainly about______.

A. a strange man

B. an unusual party

C. how roller skating began

D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century

2. People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he______.

A. often gave others surprises

B. was a gifted musician

C. invented the roller skates

D. was full of imagination

3. Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to______.

A. impress the party guests

B. arrive at the party sooner

C. test his invention

D. show his skill in walking on wheels

4. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

A. The roller skates needed further improvement.

B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool.

C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.

D. Merlin got himself into trouble.

Keys: 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C

A. 解题

解答阅读理解题目的过程中，建议大家进入正文前逐一阅读问题，为节省时间不要看选项。走出一个误区：阅读理解只需要理解选文。恰恰相反，有些时候，对问题的阅读和理解直接影响阅读理解的质量。也可以说，理解问题是阅读理解中重要且不可分割的部分。

本文设置四个问题，罗列一下：

1. The text is mainly about______. What is the text mainly about?

2. People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he______.  Why did people think Merlin was a dreamer?

3. Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to______.  What is the purpose for Merlin to put wheels under his shoes?

4. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

题目阅读结束后，我们首先得到的信息是选文中有主要人物Merlin出现，依据“见人更要见事”的写作原则，大胆猜想主要内容是在Merlin身上发生的故事。

其次，从信息传播的角度来看这4个题目，都属于直接问题，亦即问“是什么”类的基础题型，我们只需要根据题目中的关键词确定我们阅读选文时的敏感点即可正确解答题目。

再进行题目细分，我们可以发现，1、4两题属于宏观题，2、3两题属于微观题（细节题）。那么大家完全可以放心大胆地在脑海中只保留对两道宏观题目的宏观注意。主要的注意力集中在两道微观题形成的意象，明确在接下来的选文阅读中我要得到的信息是：

1. 人们为什么称Merlin为dreamer？

2. Merlin把轮子放在鞋下面干什么？

至于宏观题目则应该在理解细节和选项提示的基础上解决，题目4之类的段落大意总结题更可在不确定的情况下快速复读以明确答案。

B. 篇章结构

这是一篇介绍事物起源的文章，注意文章中的时间标志词。首段today与but a long time ago的比对，引出文章的主题句：Before 1750, no one had any ideas of roller-skating. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin.题目1的答案也是从这一段的阅读中即可确定（言外之意）。

从结构上看，这篇选文采用谜面谜底结构，即在首段提示文章主旨，引起读者的兴趣，但并不细化。我们也可据此了解到，在这种结构的文章中，关于main idea的寻找一般都可以关注首段。而后面两段是对文章主旨的细化和深化，和对主题的解释说明。这篇文章用故事揭示轮滑鞋的起源。

C. 段落结构

选文分为三段：

第一段：A but B结构，B为段落重点。

第二段：顺序结构，描述事件发展，注意时间标识的使用——one day，as the day of the party came near。

第三段：顺序结构，继续描述事件发展，并加入细节描写。

D.句子结构

1. Today, roller-skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all.

2. Before 1750, no one had any ideas of roller-skating. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin.

以上两组句子都是转折对比句，重点都在后句。

3. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make an amusing entrance at the party.

内容上，这句话提示了轮滑鞋被发明的契机，虽然题目中没有出现，但是完全可以以轮滑首次出现在什么场合的角度，或者为什么Merlin踩轮滑出现在晚会上的角度来命题。

句式上，时间状语从句+宾语从句。

4. He thought everyone at the party would show much interest if he could skate into the room.

句式上，宾语从句+假设的条件状语从句。

5. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates.

这是一个解释说明结构的对句，后句是对前句的解说。

看到just one problem，要引起大家的警觉，此处完全可以设置成选择题目，用以考查对世界上第一双滑轮鞋存在的问题,阅读者是否接受到准确的信息。

6. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces.

倒装句+独立结构作伴随状语。

E. 词汇扩展

1. enroll-roll-roller

enroll v.登记，使加入

roll n.卷，滚动; v. 滚动，转动

roller n. 滚筒，滚轴

2. skate

figure skating花样滑冰

ice dancing-compulsory dance

ice dancing-original dance

ice dancing-free dance

pairs-short program

pairs-free skating

ladies-short program

ladies-free skating

speed skating 速度滑冰

short track speed skating短道速滑

ice hockey 冰球

curling冰壶

ice skates溜冰鞋

running/roller skating滑旱冰

3. musical instruments 乐器

(1) stringed instruments弦乐器：

fiddle, violin小提琴；viola中提琴；cello大提琴；bass低音乐器；guitar吉他，六弦琴；harp竖琴。

(2) wind instruments管乐器：

mouth organ口琴；flute长笛；saxophone 萨克斯管；trumpet喇叭；oboe双簧管；clarinet竖笛，单簧管，黑管。

(3) keyboard instruments键盘乐器：