常州景点导游词英文

常州景点导游词英文（通用5篇）

常州景点导游词英文 篇1

Friends, hello! Now we already arrived the Huangshan Mountain scenic spot southern region strategic place soup mouth. First introduces the Huangshan Mountain scenery in here to you the survey.

Huangshan Mountain, is located south the Chinese Anhui Province, is the Chinese Nanling sierra the part, entire mountain area approximately 1,200 square kilometers. The Huangshan Mountain mountain system center-section, is Huangshan Mountain’s essence are partial, also Huangshan Mountain scenic spot which must tour on us, area approximately 154 square kilometers. It within the boundaries of Huangshan Mountain city, south neighbour She county, Huizhou area, Xiuning County and Yi Xian, north continually yellow mountainous area; These five counties, the area also all belong to the Huangshan Mountain city jurisdiction.

Huangshan Mountain in Chinese Tang Dynasty before is called the mountain, is the black appearance, because on the mountain the rock blue black is blue black, the ancient gives it such name. The fable we Chinese race’s ancestor shaft Yellow Emperor in completes the area south of Yellow River to unify after industry, founds the Chinese civilization, arrives here to pick the medicine to build up Dan, takes a bath in the hot spring, thus obtains enlightenment the immortal. Tang Dynasty renowned Emperor Ming Huangli the prosperous base extremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten down together the imperial edict in six years, the mountain will change name Huangshan Mountain. The meaning is, this mountain is Yellow Emperor’s mountain. From then on, Huangshan Mountain this name one until now.

The friends, you are not far thousand, even Wan Lidao here, must look at Huangshan Mountain with own eyes the America? Not is must feel a time of life to be joyful? Yes, Huangshan Mountain is certainly beautiful certainly beautiful, may say the day wonderful mountain, can ascend a height to get a broad view it, has a look it with own eyes, truly is a life big happy event. Before the very long long time, in the long geologic history generation, the nature infinite strength, has molded the Huangshan Mountain that certainly beautiful elegant demeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes one fall, is elated.

Huangshan Mountain’s America, first on beautifully in its high peak. Here competes Xiu, Feng Feng expresses admiration, respectively has the characteristic, each charm. The Huangshan Mountain high peak has how many, but also does not have an accurate numeral. In the history successively names has 36 big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years also had 10 famous peaks to be selected “the Huangshan Mountain Will”. This more than 80 mountain peaks high overwhelming majority above the elevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is all highest (1,864 meters), the light goes against is next (1,841 meters), the day all peak rank (1829.5 meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearing outstanding beginning letter peak (1,683 meters), are Huangshan Mountain’s friends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, also calculated.

Under, I “four certainly” separately make again Huangshan Mountain an introduction.

Said Huangshan Mountain “four certainly”, arranges at first working as is the wonderful pine. Yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place? First is wonderfully in it vitality, you saw have had no alternative but to express admiration. Generally said that, every has the earth the side to be able to leave the vegetation and the crops, but the yellow pine is long comes out from the hard yellow hillock rock. Huangshan Mountain everywhere all is growing the pine tree, their long peak, the long sheer precipice, is long in the glen, green and luxuriant, full of vitality. Since 1100, they were split open like this from the rock, the root deep deeply gripped in the rock seam, did not fear barren was arid, did not fear the wind and thunder sleet, natural, unyielding. You can say is not wonderful? Next is, yellow pinus montana also wonderfully in it that unique natural modelling. From generally speaking, yellow pinus montana’s needle short and heavy dense, Ye Senong green, the trunk and branches tune lives, crown flat, appears one kind simply, steady, the vigorous imposing manner, but each pine tree, each pine tree, in the appearance, is mad in the rhyme, also is each every different, all some one kind of unusual America. The people according to them the different shape and the charm, separately gave them to get up has been appropriate from however the elegant interesting name, like received a guest the pine, the black tiger pine, the pine, Long Zhuasong, searches Korean pine, unity pine and so on. They are the Huangshan Mountain wonderful pine’s representative.

The strange stone, is constitutes the Huangshan Mountain beautiful scenery one “certainly”. Everywhere all may see in Huangshan Mountain wonderful shape strange rock, these strange stone appearances infinitely varied, some picture people, some picture thing, some have the reflection certain myth fables and the historical story, lifelike, vivid were all interesting. In 121 famous stones, well-knownness higher some having “fly the stone”, “immortal play chess”, “the magpie ascend the plum”, “the monkey view sea”, “immortal expose to the sun the boots”, “the Penglai three islands”, “the golden rooster are called the fontanel” and so on. These strange stones have are the colossi, some marvelous exquisite; Some independences become the scenery, some are several combinations or with the wonderful pine ingenious knot synthesis scenery. Also a strange stone because watched the position and the angle has changed, the appearance also had the change, has become stone two scenery, if “the golden rooster was called the fontanel” also to call “five old heavens all”, “the magpie to ascend the plum” also to be called “immortal to refer to the road” is moves step trades the scenery the reason. Also some strange factories, looked under the dissimilar condition, can produce cannot association, thus also had the different name, if “the monkey view sea” also is called “the monkey to look peace” then is.

常州景点导游词英文 篇2

1 江西主要的旅游资源及其对欧美游客的吸引力

(1) 绝特山水。江西境内拥有风光独特的名山名湖, 如庐山、三清山、龙虎山, 中国最大的淡水湖—鄱阳湖等。这些自然资源保护良好, 并且由于旅游设施完备, 对欧美游客有很强的吸引力。

(2) 陶瓷艺术。瓷器是中国的三大特产之一, 千年瓷都景德镇的声名更是享誉海外, 除了它那精美绝伦的各种瓷器, 更让欧美游客感兴趣的是在瓷器背后的文化内涵。

(3) 红色摇篮。说起江西, 很多中国人都会想起井冈山、瑞金等一批在中国革命史上具有重要地位的红色旅游地。但对于大部分普通的欧美游客来说, 这些历史对于他们还是非常陌生, 因此在创作革命景区导游词时要十分注意切入点和取材。

(4) 佛道文化。江西是中国佛教的传播地和道教的发祥地之一, 佛教和道教中很多宗派发源于此, 但一般欧美游客对于东方宗教了解很少, 因此在做导游词创作时应注意用简单而非专业词汇表达宗教含义。

(5) 赣鄱风情。江西拥有丰富独特的民俗风情资源, 这些民俗一定程度上反映了江西人民生活的一个侧面, 对欧美游客是有吸引力的, 在导游词创作时应该注意这方面资料的收集。

2 江西景点英文导游词的创作

从以上对江西旅游资源的分析我们可以得出, 江西旅游资源具有数量多、分布广、类型全等特点, 但这些景区景点在面对游客时, 应该实行“内外有别”, 有针对性的为欧美游客提供导游服务。反映在导游词创作上, 其创作思路很重要, 因为只有抓住欧美游客的心理, 按照他们的习惯和思路去整理创作导游词, 才能对他们有吸引力。

2.1 从审美角度创作导游词

旅游者总是带着自己观赏的“内在的尺度”来欣赏她所接触到的一切景观, 以他的观赏趣味、价值标准等来品评和判断旅游客体的。因此, 导游在进行导游词的创作时必须考虑到旅游者这一“内在的尺度”。由于文化背景、风俗习惯、思维方式以及审美爱好等方面的原因, 欧美国家游客的审美观点和角度与国内游客的差异表现就很大。例如旅游车在江西高速公路上行进时, 我们经常看到广阔的农村景象, 国内游客对于这些景象经常习以为常, 不会在意, 导游此时在车上除了在车上给客人讲些江西概况知识外, 多是以游戏的方式度过, 而这些景象:农田、农民的耕作、水牛、牛棚、收割机……都对欧美游客有着强烈的吸引力, 因为他们国家“农村”的景象是完全不一样的。此时有经验的导游应该准备有关中国农村的话题加以介绍, 但方式不能太过教条。以介绍中国农业政策为例, 如果你仅仅介绍新中国成立后, 中国农业政策经过人民公社制度、家庭联产承包制度以及近几年出台的一系列惠农政策, 不如以一个当地农民这些年生活和观念的变化, 说明中国不同时期农业政策的出台有其历史背景, 但都朝着提高农民积极性和减轻农民负担的角度出发。这样的讲解方式会让欧美游客觉得更加真实, 也更能接受。

2.2 从文化角度创作导游词

不同民族有着各自的历史进程, 在历史的长河中, 不同的传统习俗、文化渊源、地域时空和宗教信仰给其民族语言留下的文化烙印是独特而深刻的。因此, 在创作英文导游词的过程中, 导游必须重视对西方民俗、文化背景及惯用语的掌握。

从文化角度创作导游词, 可以大致从以下几个角度着手:

(1) 生活经验。笔者在介绍江西水稻时, 除了介绍一般水稻的种类、耕作、收割等信息外, 还经常会结合自己平时的生活经验加以说明, 例如联系到自己平时做饭过程中的步骤及其小窍门, 这些都会引起欧美游客尤其是家庭主妇的兴趣。

(2) 节日、庆典。不同地区的节日和庆典代表着中国的文化内涵, 在向欧美游客介绍一些跟节日有关的内容时, 就可以结合西方的节日活动对比介绍, 给他们更直观的感受。例如, 在江西高速上经常可以看到坟墓, 有的上面还插着清明花、盖着花圈, 此时, 欧美游客一般都要询问, 导游趁此可以介绍当地的清明节习俗, 也可延伸介绍七月半的中元节风俗, 民间又称此节为“鬼节”, 此时便可结合西方的“鬼节”——万圣节加以介绍。

(3) 宗教信仰。欧美很多游客都信仰基督教, 而在江西很多地方也会看到寺庙或道观。因此客人便会对此提出关于宗教的问题, 客人也经常会好奇很多中国人为什么不信教。导游碰到这种情况, 一方面可就江西的佛道文化做个简单介绍, 同时要认真向他们解释中国的宗教信仰自由。特别注意的是在遇到这样问题的时候, 不要和游客争辩是有宗教信仰好, 还是没有宗教信仰好, 也不要就应该信仰何种宗教而去理论, 因为那样没有结果而且容易引发不快。

2.3 从思维差异角度创作导游词

思维方式是一切文化的主体设计者和承担者, 不同的传统思维方式反映了不同民族的思维特点和风格。欧美游客在思维方式上与国内游客就有很大差异, 因此, 我们在做英文导游词创作时, 应该充分考虑这方面因素。例如, 欧美游客在思维方式上更追求内容的具体和实在, 而对于中国人普遍认同的抽象和意境未必能切身体会。这就要求我们导游在讲解时多给出具体的数字或事例, 比如我们在介绍鄱阳湖为“候鸟王国”时, 应该用一些数据加以说明, 如鄱阳湖自然保护区鸟类达310钟, 国家一、二级保护动物达55钟, 全世界白鹤总数的98%在此越冬等等。

2.4 从艺术角度创作导游词

对英文导游而言, 从艺术角度创作导游词, 语言本身已经形成了一个障碍。例如, 欧美游客由于保护自己的隐私或尊重等原因, 习惯采用较含蓄的表达法。如当他们想上厕所时, 他们通常不会直接表达, 而是说想洗手或用化妆间。而在语言的幽默、节奏和优雅上同样需要推敲和琢磨。

其次, 在导游词的内容上, 我们应该引导游客以一种最佳的方式去欣赏名胜。例如, 我们向欧美游客介绍江西概况时, 可以概括为两种颜色“红色” (红壤多和红色革命) 和“绿色” (森林覆盖率高和绿茶) , 他们也就更好理解了。

以上是笔者针对欧美游客在江西游览时, 英文导游词创作的一些想法, 总之, 在我们做入境接待时, 应该有针对性地创作导游词, 这样才能在一定程度上提高我们的接待水平。

参考文献

[1]尹燕.英文导游词的创作和讲解.北京:中国旅游出版社, 2007.

[2]王忠武.江西导游新编.南昌:江西科技出版社, 2008.

[3]田勇.新赣鄱百景导游词集粹.南昌:百花洲文艺出版社, 2007.

[4]国家旅游局人事劳动教育司编.导游知识专题.北京:中国旅游出版社, 2004.

湖南景点英文导游词 篇3

Called “yunmeng ze”, as the second largest fresh water lake in China. Across offices, two provinces, it is the Yangtze river in the north, the south of hunan, and yuan, Feng four water, so-called “dongting lake” in eight hundred. The meaning of the dongting lake is the celestial abode of fairies and immortals, its scenery is beautiful and attractive. Dongting lake vast circuitous, mountains, its biggest characteristic is outside the lake lake, the lake there are mountains, fishing sail, LuYeQing green, yt, gulls heron safer. The spring and autumn period and the view of four different, change a lot in the same day. The ancients described the “xiaoxiang eight sights” in the moon “dongting”, “pu GuiFan far”, “pingsha fall wild goose”, “fishing village afterglow”, “jiang mu snow”, etc., are now the portrayal of east dongting lake.

All previous dynasties scholars have a passion for the beauty of the dongting lake in the echo. Northern song dynasty famous statesman, strategist and writer fan zhongyan “the yueyang tower”, from the Angle of yueyang tower (down) on the beautiful scenery of the dongting lake change multiterminal, have to do to free, popular. The magnificence of dongting lake, dongting lake magnificent of soft moonlight. Even when the weather getting heavy chardonnay, also give a person the sense of chic, its secret, evoke kid around ska. The dongting lake, white with deserves to be "world monohydrate. To find the scenery pleasing to both the lake, and fun.

Dongting lake is a famous land of fish and rice, its product is extremely rich. A specialty of the lake are mussels, eel, dongting crab, rich fish and other precious tree, and junshan island famous tea, bamboo, phyllostachys aurea, chimonobambusa qundrangularis, solid purple bamboo, mottled bamboo, bamboo and other bamboo products, is also very wide range.

常州景点导游词英文 篇4

上海2009年导游现场考试景点讲解：玉佛寺英文导游词

Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to visit a famous Buddhist temple---the Jade Buddha Temple.Before visiting the temple, I’d like to say a few words about the religious situation in Shanghai.Our constitution stipulates that every Chinese citizen is ensured the freedom of religious belief.There are four major religions in practice in Shanghai, namely, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity, which is sub-divided into the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church.When it comes to Buddhist temples in China, they are usually classified into three sects, i.e.temples for meditation, for preaching and for practicing Buddhist disciplines.The Jade Buddha Temple is a temple for meditation, and is well-known both at home and abroad.The temple was first built during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, when a monk named Hui Gen went on a pilgrimage to Burma and brought back five jade statues of Sakyamuni.On his way back to Mount Putuo via Shanghai, he left two jade statues here, one in sitting posture and the other, reclining.He had a temple specially built as a shrine for these two statues in 1882.later the temple was partly destroyed by fire and in 1928 a new temple was completed on the present site.Just opposite the temple gate, there stands a giant screen wall.Various designs, such as dragon, phoenix, elephant, crane and peony are carved on it.In Chinese legend, all these things are considered the symbols of fortune, wealth, longevity and auspiciousness.Chinese people used to set up a wall in front of the house so as to keep the evils away.Now ladies and gentlemen, please turn around.Here we can see the temple gate.It is also called the Sanmen Gate, or say, the Gate of Three Extrications.The door in the middle is called the Door of Emptiness, to its right is the Door of Non-phenomenon, and to its left, the Door of Non-Action.Sanmen Gate is also called the Mountain Gate because most famous temples in China are found deep in mountains.But the Sanmen gate does not open except on the first and the fifteenth of every lunar month.Now this way to the entrance.Ladies and gentlemen, the first hall is the Heavenly King Hall.We will use the rear door, please follow me.(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the southern entrance)Here we can find the statue of a fat and smiling monk with bared belly.He is Bodhisattva Maitreya.His smile is so contagious that you will smile with him and forget all your worries.So he is also called the Laughing Buddha.According to Buddhist scripture, he is now practicing Buddhism in the Tusita Heaven.After 4000 years, which is equal to 5.67 billion years on the earth, he will become successor to Sakyamuni under a Long Hua Tree in Hualin Garden.Hence another name the Future Buddha.But this statue we see here is not the real image of Bodhisattva Maitreya, it is just his incarnation..it is said that During the Five Dynasties Period, 1000 years ago, there lived in Fenhua in Zhejiang Province a monk named Qi Ci, who always carried a wooden staff with a cloth sack on his shoulder.He often went around towns and in streets to beg alms.Therefore he became known as “the Cloth Sack Monk”.He always smiled and laughed, looking as happy as ever.When he was dying, he left the message saying that he was the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.So his image is enshrined in the Buddhist Temple as the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.(on the eastern side of the Heavenly King Hall)On the two sides of the hall are enshrined four statues.They are so-called Four Heavenly Kings.In the Buddhist legend, there is in the center of the world a highest mountain called Mount Sumeru.Halfway on it is a mountain called Mount Ghandara with four peaks.On each peak lives a Heavenly King protecting the Buddhist heaven.The first one is the Southern King---King of Developing Merits.His duty is to educate all living creatures and develop king-heartedness.He is holding a sword in his hand which can emit a ray to chop off the enemies’ heads.The one next to him is the Eastern King---King of Protection for Buddhism.He is holding in his hand a pipa, which is somewhat like a guitar.With this pipa, he offers music to the Buddha.Meanwhile this pipa is a magic weapon.It can send out a musical rhythm to defeat the enemy by tormenting brain and causing him to lose combatability.Now ladies and gentlemen, please come over to this side.(on the western side of the Heavenly King Hall)The first one on this side is the Northern King---King of Virtue.He is so called because of his virtue.He is holding a parasol-shaped stela in his hand.The parasol can be opened into a canopy in Buddhist processions.It is at the same time a magic umbrella.Once it is opened in the battle field, the sky turns dark and a wind-storm rises, defeating the enemy with a dizzy spell and then it closes up capturing all the enemies.Next to him is the Western King---King of Far Sight.He observes the world with his penetrating eyes.He is holding a dragon-shaped silk rope.The rope is actually a net, with which he converts people to Buddhism just like catching fish with a net.This dragon also has a magic power.It can spurt water from its mouth and drown the enemy in floods.(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the rear door)The Statue facing the rear door is Bodhisattva Skanda.He is always dressed in armour with a worrior’s club in his hand.Originally he was one of the eight heavenly generals under the Southern King of Developing Merits.Later he has been enshrined here because of his bravery.He is also a god of message, a fleet-foot runner, so when visitors come to the temple, he will immediately report to the Buddha in the Grand Hall.Now ladies and gentlemen, that’s all for the Heavenly King Hall.Please follow me and look out the threshold and the steps.Now we can see a giant tripod in the courtyard.It is actually a giant incense burner.It was donated by some Buddhist laymen who believed that by donating something the Buddha they can help purify the souls of their dead relatives from sins and relieve them from purgatory.Now this is the main hall, known as the Grand Hall or Grand Hall of the Great Sage.It is the main structure in every Buddhist temple, where the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism is enshrined.(in the Grand Hall)Ladies and gentlemen, in the middle of the hall is the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism.On his right is Medicine Buddha and on his left is Amitabha Buddha.Each is seated on a lotus blossom and has a back halo.Sakyamuni’s original name was Siddhartha Gautama.He was a contemporary of Confucius.He was born to a warrior’s family in the Himalayan foothill in ancient India, or say, in present-day Nepal.He spent his youth in great luxury.But he renounced the human world at the age of 29 in search of an ultimate solution to the problems of human sufferings.After six years of spiritual discipline he got enlightened at the age of 35.he spent the remaining 45 years of his life teaching his religion and establishing a community for monks to continue his work.He was entitled “Sakyamuni”, which means “the great sage of the Sakya Clan”.He died at the age of 80.On his chest there is a sign that resembles a swastika but it has nothing to do with Hitler’s fascism because it is in an inverted order.It is actually a religious talisman used in ancient orient, symbolizing the concentration of happiness and auspiciousness.The Medicine Buddha is responsible for the Eastern Bright World.Since he can relieve people of all pains and sufferings, he is called the Medicine Buddha.He is holding a wheel, which signifies the unremitting effort of converting people to Buddhism just like turning a wheel.Amitabha Buddha is in charge of the Western Paradise.He is holding a golden lotus blossom stand with which he extradites Buddhist believers to the Western Pure Land, therefore he is also called the Buddha of Guidance.In front of the Medicine Buddha is a hollow wooden fish.It is actually an instrument used by the monks to accompany the chanting of their prayers.But do you happen to know why it is in the pattern of a fish? Now let me tell you about it.The monks think that fish is the most diligent animal in the world because it never closes its eyes, therefore the image of the fish is used to advise people that they should practice Buddhism as diligently as the fish.On both sides of the hall stand 20 Heavenly Gods, all protectors of Buddhist laws.They all bend slightly as if they are listening attentively to Sakyamuni’s preaching.The first one on the right side is Brahma, the chief god of Brahmanism in ancient India.It was believed in ancient India that all living creatures in the world, including gods and men, were created by him and he was thus honored as the Great Creator.Next to him is Yamaraja, the God of Hell, who is in charge of the nether world.The fourth one on this side is Goddess of Loving Children.There is an interesting story about her.It is said that before she became a goddess she was a wicked woman.She herself had many children, 500 in all, including 3 sons and 497 daughters.Her favorite child was her youngest son named Ai Nu, now standing by her side.As she always ate the children of other people, Buddha decided to convert her.One day, he hid Ai Nu in a jar.When the woman found her child missing she looked for him everywhere but could not find him.Then Buddha came up to her and said, “If you are worried when your child is missing, what about other mothers whose children you have eaten?” From then on she began to discipline herself and finally became a goddess.This is the Emperor of the Solar Palace, or say the Chinese Apolo, opposite him is the Chinese Diana, the emperor of the Lunar Palace.The last statue on this side is the Dragon King.(at the back of the Grand Hall)Ladies and gentlemen, behind the statue of Sakyamuni there is a giant mural sculpture.In the middle is the statue of Bodhisattva Guanyin.Guanyin was originally named Guanshiyin but later abbreviated into Guanyin because the character “shi” was one of the characters in the Tang Emperor Li Shimin’s name and was considered a forbidden name.Guanyin often takes the image of a goddess in order to convert women to Buddhism.Actually he can incarnate into 32 images to convert people from all walks of life and relieve people from all kinds of sufferings.Any living creature in trouble needs only to recite his name and he will respond to the cry and readily come to help riding on the head of a huge turtle.That’s why he is described as a Bodhisattva of Great Mercy.By her two sides are her two disciples, San Cai the boy and Long Nu the girl.Above Guanyin is a statue of Sakyamuni when he was doing ascetic practices in a forest.A monkey on the right is offering preaches to him and a deer on the left is giving him milk to drink.Now a few words about San Cai, the boy and Long Nu, the girl.It is said that when San Cai was born, a number of treasures came with him, hence his name.By the way, “Can” in Chinese means “wealth”.He was later converted by Bodhisattva Manjusri, the Bodhisattva of Great Wisdom, and went on a pilgrimage to the south in search of teaching.He was going to call on 53 teachers and then met Guanyin, hoping to obtain the guidance to buddhahood.There are altogether 53 statues on the mural sculpture, excluding the 18 arhats.They were all supposed to be San Cai’s teachers.He came to them one after the other.Guanyin was his 27th teacher.Long Nu, the daughter of Dragon King, was a genius.At the age of 8 she often attended lectures by Manjusri.Later she met the Buddha and attained buddhahood.Below are 18 arhats, all disciples of Sakyamuni.According to Buddhist scripture, Sakyamuni asked them to stay permanently on the earth to help convert people to Buddhism.Arhats have three characteristics, namely, they can rid of all worries, they should be supported and offered by all people, and they enter nirvana once for all and never incarnate again.(in the Hall of the Reclining Buddha)Ladies and Gentlemen: in the middle of the hall we can see a jade statue of the reclining Buddha.This is Sakyamuni in his deathbed, or say, entering nirvana.We can see him looking slightly upward and reclining on his right arm.Some may ask why he looks so calm and carefree.It is said that in his entire life-time he had taught 500 disciples, therefore, he felt no worry because he firmly believed that his disciples would carry forward his principles and preach his doctrines to emancipate mankind.This statue, 96 cm long, is carved out of a single piece of jade.It was brought from Burma together with the other statue in sitting posture.The carving was exquisitely done with delicate features and a slender figure, it is considered a rare Buddhist relic, which contributes to Jade Buddha Temple’s reputation.Now ladies and gentlemen, over here we can see four pictures on the wall of the hall which describe the life story of Sakyamuni.The first one, “Tonsure”, describes Sakyamuni having his head tonsured and clothes changed into a monk’s robe when he came a monk at the age of 29;the second, “Enlightenment”, after six years ascetic practice he became enlightened and attained buddhahood at the age of 35;the third, “Preaching”, Sakyamuni is preaching to his first five disciples;and the fourth, “Nirvana”, Sakyamuni entered nirvana at the age of 80.(before entering the Jade Buddha Chamber)Ladies and gentlemen, we are going to visit the last main structure on the axis---the Jade Buddha Chamber.It is located on the second floor.Please do not take pictures or video tape-recording in the chamber.(in the Jade Buddha Chamber)Ladies and Gentlemen, the statue in front of us is the Jade Buddha in sitting posture.Since Buddhism is a leading religion in China, there are a great number of statues of Sakyamuni all over the country, and most of them are made out of stone, clay, or wood, but a jade statue of the Buddha of this size is rare.It is 1.92 meter in height and 1.34 meter in width.The jewels on his head, arms and feet are all genuine ones.They were donated by Buddhist believers.The statue was carved out of a single piece of jade.It is soft in luster, even in color, pure and flawless in texture and exquisite in workmanship.This statue reflects Sakyamuni’s getting enlightened.We can see that his left hand rests on his left knee showing his great determination of deep meditation while his right hand stretches out onto the ground indicating that he had devoted himself to the emancipation of all mankind and this could only be witnessed by the great earth.When monk Hui Gen found the jade in Burma, he had it excavated under the permission of the Burmese King and had the Tibetan artisans carve it into a Buddha Statue, so it is a crystallization of the friendship of different nations.This statue looks life-like, with gentle and soft features and is considered a precious relic of Buddhist art.This is the reason why the temple enjoys a high reputation.In the cabinets on both sides are kept a complete set of Buddhist scripture, Da Zang Sutra, which was block-printed in 1870.this set of scripture covers Sakyamuni’s teachings by moth, Buddhist doctrines, and Buddhist theories.(in the courtyard in front of the Abbot’s Room)

This is the Abbot’s Room, where the abbot priest lives.It is also a sermon hall where the monks attend lectures by the abbot priest.On the middle wall is hung the portrait of Priest Dharma, honored as the founder of the Chan Sect in Chinese Buddhism.

常州景点导游词英文 篇5

（太原理工大学 外国语学院，山西 太原 030024）

摘 要：导游词在旅游业中有着举足轻重的作用，为了探寻中外导游词的差异，本文以Bhatia广告体裁分析模型中划分的语步为基准，选择了两本由中外作者编写的关于山西的导游词进行分析。对比后发现两个版本的异同点，希望对中文导游词编写有所帮助，以期能吸引更多外国游客，传播山西文化。

关键词：语步结构；导游词；中外；对比分析

中图分类号：H159 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2596（2014）05-0150-05 国家旅游局综合协调司司长张坚钟2011年曾说过，中国已经成为亚洲最大的出境旅游客源国和世界第三大入境旅游接待国，并在形成世界上最大的国内旅游市场。世界旅游组织曾经预测，到2020年，中国将成为世界上第一大旅游目的地和第四大客源输出国。

山西省拥有悠久的历史，丰富的旅游资源和深厚的文化底蕴，作为位居全国第一的国家级重点文物保护单位，享有“中华文明的主题公园”和“古建艺术博物馆”的美誉，深受国内外游客喜爱。近几十年来，越来越多的外国游客慕名来到山西，了解当地的文化的风土人情，这就对涉外导游词的编写带来很大挑战。

为了吸引广大国内外游客前往山西观光旅游，市面上出现了许多版本的山西中文导游词。然而与之不协调的是，相对应的英文版本较少，仅有的几个版本也没有统一的编写标准，大部分英文版是中文导游词的对应翻译。在介绍景点的表达形式上仅局限于文字表述，缺乏多样性。在内容编排上，未能全面考虑到外国游客的文化背景和旅游需求，只是对景点历史和现状的一些介绍。在信息的提供上着重于景点介绍，没有涉及气候，食宿，语言，周边环境等情况的介绍，略缺乏实用性。

一、涉外导游词及Bhatia广告体裁分析模型中的语步划分

涉外导游词，即导译文本，通过对景点的介绍，希望能吸引潜在游客的注意，激发他们旅游的欲望。它作为让外国游客了解中国的一个重要的窗口，内容丰富，涉及领域广泛，对导游词的编写有着较高的要求。目前对于导游词的研究不在少数，但多数围绕景点名称、标识语、段落语句等进行分析: 刘锋，陈春梅，李珊珊、徐桂英，倾向于对文本内容或具体翻译方法进行分析:吴俊辉，尚宏等，很少有学者从体裁分析领域进行研究，从宏观上分析语篇的语步。本文旨在通过对中外导游词语步的分析，来发现中外作者在编写导游词时各自所采用的语步。

Bhatia提出语篇不是固定不变的使用模式，即使是同一种体裁，内在结构和语言风格特点都还是在一定范围内产生变化和差异的。语步分析是体裁分析的一个重要方面，利用语步结构分析某种特定的体裁，对构建新语篇，了解语篇的内在宏观结构有很大作用。Bhatia将旅游广告结构分为以下九个语步：（1）标题，（2）确定目标市场，（3）证明产品或服务：说明产品或服务的重要性、需要；建立某一市场，（4）详述产品或服务：进行标识，描述，阐述产品/服务的价值，（5）产品认可，（6）名人/特定使用者的认可（代言），（7）进行诱导，（8）压力策略，（9）寻求反馈。

导游词作为旅游广告的亚体裁，虽然两者不完全等同，但导游词的语类结构应是在旅游广告语步的基础上形成的。因而以上旅游广告结构的九个语步，可以为导游词的语步分析提供较大范围的参考。

二、中文导游词基本语步及其定义

Bhatia将广告旅游结构划分的9个语步，确定了旅游介绍的总体结构框架。作为旅游广告亚体裁的景点导游词，其语步也应相应从属于广告旅游结构的语步。中外导游词虽然属于同一种体裁，但在语篇的布局上肯定会有所区别。下表是对《走遍山西——著名景点导游词示范》一书中的山西景点的英文介绍进行的语步分析。这本书共有22篇景点介绍，涵盖了云冈石窟，五台山，晋祠，平遥古城，皇城相府等省内著名景点。在参考Bhatia了对广告旅游结构的语步划分，分析了书中每一篇景点介绍的布局后，作者归纳总结出书中每一篇景点介绍都包含的语步：

从上表可以看出，《走遍山西——著名景点导游词示范（中英文版）》中的景点导游词都由5个语步构成，顺序分别为：1.H 标题，2.IH历史介绍，3.H亮点，4.O & I具体信息介绍，5.CE历史/游客/名人/权威机构的认可。且每一篇介绍都着重于第二、四和五语步的介绍，即关于山西某一景点历史的回顾、具体情况的介绍和一些名人或相关部门对该景点的认可。

三、英文导游词语步及定义

Lonely Planet China一书中介绍了北京、天津、河北、山东、山西、上海、香港等中国各省市及地区的主要景点。本论文选取书中关于山西省的景点介绍进行分析。书中同样介绍了云冈石窟、五台山、榆次老城、乔家大院、平遥古城、碛口等主要景点。通过对书中21篇山西主要景点介绍的归纳总结，作者发现其中每一篇景点介绍都包含有表2中的6个语步：

从上表可以发现，Lonely Planet China中由Daniel Mc Crohan编写的山西景点导游词有6个基本语步，顺序依次为：1.H 标题，Headline 2.IH历史介绍Introducing History，3.M 地图maps，4.H亮点Highlight，5.O & I具体信息介绍Orientation and Information，6.CI咨询信息Consulting Information Daniel侧重于介绍第三、五、六语步，也就是重视地图带给游客直观的视觉效果，不局限于文字这一种表达方式。同时，具体信息的提供，以及除了景点介绍外，还提供了类似气候、交通、食宿等与之相关的咨询信息，帮助潜在游客出行前了解目的地和周边环境。

四、中外导游词的语步分析比较

为了找出中国人写的导游词与国外导游词的异同点，将以上两张表进行比较分析，见表3。

对比中外导游词的语步，可以发现，中英文导游词都有标题，历史介绍，具体信息介绍和亮点这四个语步，从两者的四个相同语步可以看出： 1.H(标题)作为目的地的名称很重要，这一语步为潜在游客提供景点的索引信息。通过提供目的地的名称，可以让潜在的游客快速获取信息，在短时间内了解景点的相关资料。

2.JP(阐释目的地历史和今天的重要性或地位)这一语步，通过事实的陈述，证实景点的资格或地位。而且一般是以描述性的口吻,不加以夸大的成分。3.DP（具体信息介绍）是语步中最为重要的，其目的在于介绍景点的特色信息，例如背景，地点，历史，特质等等。两个版本的导游词都花了相当大的篇幅在这一语步上，为潜在游客详细地介绍景点的情况。

4.H（亮点）这个语步两个版本的导游词都有采用，这是为了更好地让游客在短时间之内了解目的地值得游览的一些景点。

两个版本有四个相同语步，但排列的顺序不同，可以看出中外导游词编写上的侧重。中外导游词都有H（亮点）这一语步，中文导游词将其放在第三的位置上，而英文导游词则在介绍H（亮点）前加入了M（地图），放在了第四的位置，可见外国人更注重表达方式的多样和地图对游客的吸引作用。正如Beasley & Danesi说的：作者在旅游手册中使用的图片/地图，对潜在顾客的消费行为起到了一种促进作用。有了地图上的标注和解释，潜在游客可以一目了然地找到后文中会介绍的重点推荐景点。

当然，中英文导游词也有差异，主要表现在以下两个方面：

（1）中文导游词多出了：历史/游客/名人/权威机构的认可这一语步。中文导游词中出现的CE新语步，即重视历史/游客/名人/权威机构的认可，反映出中国人较高的不确定性规避程度。这是根据Greet Hofstede 著名的“文化五维度理论”得出的。Hofstede对各国的文化特征进行了研究分析，他将国家间文化的差异归纳为五个不同的维度，其中的不确定性回避指数（Uncertainty Avoidance Index）反映出了一个国家对于不确定性和模糊的容忍程度。有着高不确定性指数的国家信赖权威，避免分歧和不确定。通过建立形式规则，为他们的成员提供安定感，相信完全的事实和经验的获得。中国人倾向于相信事实和前人的经验，最小化不确定因素带来的可能性，历史/游客/名人/权威机构的认可会增加他们去景点的动力，减少对未知或不熟悉景点的不确定感。

这一独特的新语步，可以以较为简洁，直接而有效的方式，让潜在游客快速了解景点优势，并在短时间内决定是否去该地游览。

（2）英文导游词中地图和咨询信息这两个语步也是中文导游词中所没有的。

CI咨询信息，提供关于目的地的相关信息，如景点及周边景点，当地气候，食宿，语言，交通，景点票价，开放时间，电话，电子邮件和旅游建议等。

在中文导游词中没有这一语步，这会对想要进一步了解景点的外国游客带来不便和困惑，不能及时了解当地的情况或是和旅游部门联系。因此，相比DP（具体信息介绍），CI这个语步更完善，更为实用和必要。

M地图这一语步也是外国导游词的一大特色，每个目的地都附有各自的地图。外国导游词在每个景点介绍一开始都有地图，提供目的地景点及周边的主要路线，强调景点，交通工具及特色食宿的位置等。地图加文字说明，可以更好地吸引潜在的外国游客，在没去旅游之前熟悉景点及其周边地区，为他们出行提供了方便。中文导游词没有这一语步，在介绍方式和景点及吸引游客方面略显单一。

相比之下，外国导游词的这两个新语步，更能满足游客对景点信息的需要，中文导游词可以借鉴。

五、总结

作者以Bhatia语步分析模型为基准，就中英导游词的语步各自进行了分析，同时也将两个版本的语步进行了对比分析。从中发现，中外导游词在介绍景点时，总体上是相似的，有四个语步相同，三个语步不同。

中文导游词中出现的CE新语步，是由于中国人有着较高的不确定性规避程度。通过提供历史/游客/名人/权威机构的认可，有利于证实景点的资质/优势，从而证明景点值得去，并且赢得潜在游客的信任。这一外国导游词没有的语步可以保留，给外国游客以了解景点的新视角。

而英文导游导游词中出现的M和CI这两个新语步，地图和咨询信息，反映出外国则更注重对实用信息的提供。对于旅游目的地进行额外信息的提供，如当地地图，气候和环境，失色，交通，票价和景点开放时间，建议等，为潜在的游客提供了足够信息，方便他们出行，特别是那些乐于自助游的外国游客。

中文导游词中若加入地图和咨询信息这两个新语步，可以更好地迎合潜在国外游客对信息的需求，通过提供必要、全面的旅游资讯，帮助他们了解景点情况，吸引他们前来参观游览。

中外文化上的差异必然会在导游词的编写上体现出来，对语步选择产生影响。本文通过对比中英导游词语步的异同，意图为中文导游词的编写提供一点参考，增强山西景点对外国游客的吸引力，了解当地风土人情，以吸引更多地外国游客了解山西，传播山西文化。注 释：