遣词——让你的高考英语作文更具文采

遣词——让你的高考英语作文更具文采

遣词——让你的高考英语作文更具文采 篇1

遣词——让你的英语作文更具文采

历届高考中，大多数学生在英语书面表达方面得分较低，也觉得难以写好。所以为了应试，大部分学生经常把侧重点放在如何“写对”一篇作文上。事实上，英语作文虽然篇幅短小，有容易流于机械的翻译，但方寸之地乾坤大。若我们要求学生在完成书面表达中能避免一些普遍存在的问题，如避免审题不清；单词拼写错误；句子结构不全等问题，且能从大处着眼，注意谋篇布局，遣词造句等方面，摸索出写好作文的一些基本规律，就能写出好的作文，本文将从如何在遣词方面谈谈如何让你的文章更具文采。

一、应用“洋味”单词

俗话说，见微知著，一叶知秋。词汇的选择，处处体现作者的词汇能力和整体的英语水平。因此，要学会使用一些很有“洋味”的单词，相信有助于获得高分。如，表达“不同的旅程”这一词组时，various tours 当然比different trips 更容易给判分老师留下深刻印象。历年高考的许多考场满分作文,都得益于能将一些很有“洋味”的词汇应用得贴切自然,毫不造作,请体会下面得句子中斜体部分的词的效果: 1)Thank you for sharing the time with us.2)The way he views the world is very practical.3)The noise nearly drove me mad.象 access, available, annoyed, confused, cute, contact, essential, exceptional, fascinated, participle, quit, stuff, schedule, terrific, occupy等单词都属于较有“洋味”的词汇,在平时的习作训练中要多加运用。

二、使用词组、习语来代替一些单词

英语中同义词众多，在表达的时候，尽量用短语代替单个的词。例如： 1)I have made up my mind to study English better this term.(同义词：decide)2)I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary.(同义词：don’t know)3)A burning cigarette end resulted in /led to the big fire.(同义词：cause)4)Since my childhood I have been fond of music.(同义词：like)5)We will take the matter into account(consideration).(同义词：consider)英语中有大量习语和谚语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力。考生要在平时的学习过程中不断积累。例如：

1)What she explained doesn’t hold water.她的解释站不住脚。2)Many families struggle to make ends meet.很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。

3)I don’t know why she is always in low spirits.我不知道她为什么总是情绪低落。

4)He turned a deaf ear to what I said.他对我的话一点也听不进去。

5)This sentence doesn’t make sense.这个句子讲不通。6）Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。7）Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。

三、善用小词

在写作中巧用、活用某些小词，常常会起到画龙点睛、四两拨千斤的作用。

1）动词：see, find , have, take, get, strike, run, cover, fail, go, make, manage, keep, stay, do(行，可以), help(有用), work(起作用), count, etc.例如：

① 2005 saw the successful launch of Shenzhou VI in China.② China has a history of more than 5,000 years.③ Saddam Hussin got hanged on the 30th of December, 2006.④ How does Shenzhen strike you? ⑤ I have to earn more than 6,000 yuan if I want to cover my expenses in Shenzhen.⑥ When I received the news that I got the first place, words failed me.⑦ This is how the story goes.⑧ After a few years’ training, she made an excellent teacher.⑨ Mary’s mother asked her to seize time to go over her lessons for the final exam, but it didn’t help.⑨ It is the ability to do the job well that counts.2)名词、形容词、副词、介词等：a must, a hit, a success, a better /best choice /seller, arrival, stay, top, pretty(相当地), terribly, badly, in(时尚的), out(过时的)，beyond, under, on display/on second thought(s), at the news of/at the sight of, etc.例如：

① English is a must for us.② Of all the 2006 films Zhang Yimou’s Curse of the Golden Flower(满城尽带黄金甲)was the best seller.③ I made lots of friends during my stay in France.④ Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in our school.⑤ I am going to find a nice apartment pretty soon.⑥ Doctors were badly needed in that area after the flood.⑦ His lecture is beyond my understanding.⑧ Shenzhen Metro Line 3 is still under construction.⑨ On my arrival I found the front door was open.⑩ At the news of his death I was shocked.四、使用名词表达动词意义

名词替代动词，合理利用名词替代动词，能有效降低句子结构的复杂性，令句子更简洁，同时也能减少在时态上犯错的可能性。

1）His failure in the exam again made his mother very worried.2）On arrival home I found the front door open.3）Living near the airport may lead to people’s loss of hearing.4）No one can enter the office without permission.5）The railway line is still under construction.五、使用形容词（短语）做状语或者使用非谓语动词结构等

通过对历年高考范文的分析，我们可以得到这样的规律几乎每篇范文里，都有至少一个使用非谓语动词结构或形容词（短语）作状语的句子。分词短语可以避免使用谓语动词，打破了“凡是句子一定要用谓语动词”的千人一面的局面。而且它可以表达伴随、原因等不同意义，可以使上下文的衔接更加紧密。1）They returned home, safe and sound.2）Full of fear, I walked in the darkness.3）While walking along the streets I met Jane.4）We started out very early in order to catch the first early bus.5）I arrived home, really exhausted.六、使用表示过渡的连接词

高考“基础写作”的评分标准中特别强调句子间的连贯性。之所以把衔接和连贯作为重要标准来要求，是因为衔接和连贯是构成语篇的最基本条件。常用的连接词有：and, but, so, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, in addition, however, therefore, suddenly, finally, while, also, too, thus, yet等等。例如：

1）He thought he understood the problem;however, he was mistaken.2）They cost a lot of money;thus you should use them carefully.3）I don’t like the dress;moreover, it’s too expensive.4）I was late for the film;what was worse, I left my ticket at home.七、选词独辟蹊径

物以希为贵，词汇的选择也应尽可能做到独辟蹊径。“启程回家”可以说“set off for home”.也可以说“head home”；“取得大进步”可以说“make great progress”,也可以说“make major progress”。两种表达方式虽然各有千秋，但前一种用词稍显刻板，而后一种能用人所不常用之词，在表达上就稍胜一筹。当然，这种遣词造句的技巧不是轻易就可以掌握的。“Rome is not built in one day.”只有平时多读原汁原味的英文材料，食而化之，方可集腋成裘、聚沙成塔。请分析黑体部分被替换后的效果：

1)It will be very interesting.(a lot of fun)2）This word has several meanings.(a couple of)3）the Olympic Games is coming.(around the corner)

八、避免重复使用词汇

有时一篇作文里需要多次使用相同意思的词，这时，表达方式的变换（用不同的单词或词组表达相同的意义）就显得非常重要。如果表达方式过于单一，不免有黔驴技穷之嫌，而丰富的表达方式则可反映出英语应用能力之高和课外阅读量之多。如“喜欢”可用“favorite”、“enjoy”或“be fond of”;“上学”可以说“start school”或“attend school”;“年龄”可以有“by the age of eight”、“at the age of eight”、“at eight”以及“a boy of eight”等多种表达方式。在平时的练习及阅读中，要注意同一有一的多种表达，正如在数理化学习中我们要注意一题多解一样。

九、遣词准确贴切

遣词造句的能力，还取决于对一个单词的内在意义（包括其褒贬义、感情色彩等）的理解和运用。比如，同样都是“农民”，“peasant”一词意味着“粗俗”与“无知”，带有贬义色彩，而“farmer”则不然。

有的同学把“收门票的建议”译成“the advice of entrance fees”,因为他们认为“advice”是“建议”的意思。事实上，“advice”虽然也像“idea”一样可译作“建议”，但其内在意义却是“an opinion you give to help someone”.我们应用“idea”来代替“advice”，才能将这一意义传达到位。不是所有的英语都能找到与之相对应的 汉语表达。只有平时多查字典，领会单词的英语解释，并背诵尽可能多的例句，才能准确全面地理解单词的意义。

十、使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法

比喻性结构新鲜活泼，形象具体，能给读者留下较深刻的印象，具有强大的感染力。例如：

1）The Great Wall runs across China like a huge dragon.2）To finish the work ahead of time, I have been as busy as a bee recently.3）He is a lucky dog.总之，要想在书面表达中得高分，学生除了要有一定的英语基础知识且掌握一些方法或技巧外，更重要的是要重视平时的作文训练，注意以上所分析的一些基本规律及策略的运用，切实提高写作能力。学生有了这样的写作实践，加上课外的广泛阅读以及对优美的、经典的例句的搜集和背诵，那么学生的书面表达就能获得高分。