英文旅游景点介绍

英文旅游景点介绍（精选8篇）

英文旅游景点介绍 篇1

中国著名旅游景点英文介绍

1.The Great wall

The Great Wall, located in northern China, is 6,700 kilometers long and thus known as the “10,000-li Great Wall”.Construction of the wall went on for more than 2,000 years, from 7 th century to 14 th century AD.The wall has become a symbol of both China’s proud historyand its present strength.2.The Palace Museum

The Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing.The imperial palace used by emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building complex in the world.Construction of the Forbidden City started in 1406 and lasted 14 years.24 emperors were enthroned there.3.Zhoukoudian: Home of the Peking Man

Remains of the Peking Man(homo erectus)are located on the Dragon Bone Hill at Zhoukoudian Village, Fangshan District, Beijing.In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered the complete skull of Peking Man.Later, more skull bones as well as stone and bone instruments were unearthed.Peking Man lived 690,000 years ago, during Paleolithic times.Findings indicate that Peking Man knew how to make fires.4.Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum and Terra-cotta Army

Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum is located in Lintong District, 35 kilometers east of Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province.Construction ofthe mausoleum lasted 38 years and involved over 700,000 workers.Over the years, a total of 50,000 important cultural relics have been unearthed.In 1980, two bronze painted horse-drawn chariots were unearthed.They are the largest and most complete bronze chariots and horses discovered so far.In 1974, farmers who were digging a well about 1.5 kilometers east of Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum discovered three vaults containing Qinshihuang’s Buried Legion.The largest of the three vaults contains 6,000 life-size terra-cotta warriors and horses.The collection of warriors is

often dubbed the“eighthwonder of the world”.5.The Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang

Dunhuang Grottoes comprise of the Mogao grottoes, West 1,000-Buddha Cave, and Yulin Cave.The Mogao Grottoes, representative of the three sites, are located 25 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province.Construction of the grottoes began in 366 AD.The well-designed grottoes are a treasure house containing painting, sculptures, documents, and cultural relics.6.The Huangshan Mountain

Located in Huangshan City in southern Anhui Province, the scenic area of the Huangshan Mountain covers 154 square kilometers and is famous for its four wonders: strangely-shaped pines, grotesque rock formations, seas of clouds and hot springs.It also features a natural zoo and botanical garden.7.Huanglong

The Huanglong Scenic Area is located in Songpan County, Sichuan Province.Calcified ponds, beaches, waterfalls and embankments characterize Huanglong scenery.8.Chengde Summer Resorts and Surrounding Temples

Chengde Summer Resort, known as “The Mountain Hamlet for Escaping the Heat”, is located in northern Chengde, Hebei Province.Qing Emperors used to spend their summer days handling state affairs at the resort.Construction of the resort lasted from 1703 to 1792.It is the largest and best-preserved imperial palace outside the capital.Many of the scenic spots around the resort’s lake area mimic famous landscaped gardens in southern China, and the buildings of the Outer Eight Temples feature architectural style of minority ethnic groups such as Mongolian, Tibetan and Uygur.9.Qufu, Confusius’Mansion, Temple and Cemetery

Qufu, in southwestern Shandong Province, was the capital of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 BC)and the hometown of Confusius, a great thinker and educator.Confucius’Mansion was the residence of Confucius’ eldest male descendants for generation.The mansion holds more than 9,000 volumes of archives dating from 1534 to 1948 and many cultural relics, ancient costumes, and utensils.Confucius’ Temple is famous for its 2,000 stone steles and more than 100 portrait stones from the Han Dynasty.Confucius’Cemetery houses tombs for Confucius and his

descendants.10.Ancient Buildings on the Wudang Mountain

The Wudang Mountain, located in northwestern Hubei Province, is a sacred Taoist mountain that is best known as the birthplace of Wudang martial arts.The Gold Hall built on the mountain in 1416 represents advanced architectural styleand building techniques of that period.11.Potala Palace Potala

Palace in Lhasa is situated on Red Hill 3,700 meters above the sea level.The palace was built by Tibetan King Songtsan Gambo in the 7 th century for Tang Princess Wencheng.Potala features the essence of ancient Tibetan architectural art and houses many artifacts of the Tubo Kingdom.12.The Lushan Mountain

The Lushan Mountain, located south of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, is one of the most famous mountains in China.The mountain features beautiful peaks, seas of clouds, waterfalls and historical sites.Bailu Academy is one of Chinese first schools of higher learning.13.The Emei Mountain and Leshan Giant Buddha The Emei Mountain is one of China’s four famous Buddhist Mountains.It is located 7 kilometers southwest of Emeishan City, Sichuan Province.There are 150 temples on the mountain.The mountain features more than 3,000 plant species and 2,000 varieties of animals.Leshan Giant Buddha is located on the east bank of the Minjiang River in Leshan city, Sichuan Province.The Buddha is carved out of a cliff and, being 70.7 meters tall, is the largest sitting Buddha in China.Carving of the Buddha

started in 713 and was completed in 803.The body of Buddha has a water drainage system to prevent erosion.14.Lijiang Ancient City

Lijiang ancient city, located in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, is an ancient town inhabited mainly by the Naxi minority people.The town was founded in 1127.The roads in the town are paved with colored pebbles produced in Lijiang, and there are many stone bridges and memorial archways built during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Most of the residences are made of earth and wood.Palace murals depicting religious themes were painted during the Ming Dynasty.The traditional Dongba Culture of the Naxi ethnic group

has been preserved in Lijiang.15.Pingyao Ancient City

Pingyao of Shanxi Province was built 2,000 years ago during the Zhou Dynasty.The city wall was renovated in 1370.It is one of China’s earliest and largest county-level city walls.Ancient streets, government offices, markets, stores and residences have been preserved, providing invaluable resources for research on China’s ancient Ming Dynasty county seat.16.Suzhou Gardens

Suzhou in Jiangsu Province is a famous historic and cultural city that is more than 2,500 years old.Suzhou features more than 200 ancient gardens.The small private gardens are especially famous nationwide and reflect architectural styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.17.The Summer Palace of Beijing

The Summer Palace, featuring the best of China’s ancient gardens, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing.The palace was built in 1153 as a temporary imperial palace.It was rebuilt in 1888.The Summer Palace consists of the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake.The Long Corridor, painted with exquisite paintings, was included in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1992 as the longest corridor in the world.The corridor links the area where Empress Dowager Cixi handled state affairs with the residential

and sightseeing areas.18.The Temple of Heaven of Beijing

The Temple of Heaven, built in 1420, is located in southern Beijing.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, emperors came to the temple to worship the God of Heavenand pray for a good harvest.

英文旅游景点介绍 篇2

翻译目的论的基本原则

翻译目的论是从翻译行为的目的性出发提出的一种翻译理论, 是功能翻译理论的主导理论。目的论的主要观点是:翻译是一种有目的的交际行为, 所要达到的目的决定整个翻译行为的过程。这种目的包括译者的基本目的、译文的交际目的和特定翻译策略或者手段要达到的目的。译者应根据译文的预期功能来选择翻译策略, 而不是原文的语言形式和功能。此外目的论翻译理论三原则 (目的原则、语际连贯和忠实原则) 所遵循的首个原则就是“目的原则”。由此目的论摆脱了等值翻译或者对等翻译的束缚, 强调了译者的主观能动性, 对于旅游资料的翻译起着积极的作用和意义。

旅游资料文本和旅游翻译目的分析

旅游资料主要有两个目的:传递信息和诱导行动。因此旅游资料翻译的本质是针对外国游客的实用性解释, 不但要做到推广介绍景点的文化特色, 还要考虑到外国游客文化背景和审美需要, 从而唤起他们的旅游冲动和兴趣。

为了使旅游翻译有的放矢, 译者在翻译前必须充分了解旅游翻译目的。根据目的论, 译者应该在翻译之前制定一份详细的翻译要求, 其中包括: (1) 译文的预期功能。旅游资料的功能就是传播中国文化和吸引外国游客; (2) 译文的预期读者。主要指来华的普通国外游客, 开发旅游资源的商业人士, 了解中国文化的国外学者等; (3) 译文的可接受性和翻译策略。译文和原文都是通过信息牌或旅游手册进行展示和传播, 要求译文简洁、通俗易懂, 符合不同文化背景译文读者的习惯。

石家庄旅游景点翻译错误分析

本文以石家庄市三处景点为例 (正定荣国府、平山西柏坡和国家级自然景区天桂山) , 按照上述的翻译要求及策略, 运用翻译目的论的基本原理对其中的翻译失误做分析。

Nord将翻译失误自上而下发归纳为四个不同层次的类型 (功能性翻译失误、文化性失误、语言性失误和文本特有的翻译失误) 。依据该模式, 本文对搜集到的旅游资料翻译中存在的三种主要类型的翻译失误分析如下:

1. 功能性翻译失误

功能性翻译失误是指会直接或间接地损害译文的预期功能的失误, 可以说它涵盖了译文中所有的翻译失误。产生功能性失误主要是因为译者在翻译过程中忽略了译文的功能或译文的受众。典型的功能性失误有以下几种情况:

(1) 原文中对译文读者无用的信息, 在译文中没有删除或简化。按照目的论的观点, 那些次要信息没有交际价值, 占用文本空间, 影响译文读者对景点的认识和理解。例如,

正定荣国府概况中有这样一段话:

…and invited about 200famous artists such as QiGong, ZhangAiping, HuangQi, and some state leaders such as HuangHua, LiaoHansheng, W a n g S h o u d a o t o w r i t e inscription.

在此段译文中, 有大量的名词翻译作为译文的补充部分, 例如名人姓名和电视剧名称。由于文化知识储备上的差异, 大部分名称对于外国游客来说都是陌生的, 没有交际价值。因此无需进行详细描述, 可以简化为如下内容:

…invited about 200 famous artists and some state leaders to write inscription here.

(2) 原文中对译文读者有用的信息, 在译文中反而被删减或简化。这种翻译失误和前一种虽然表现形式相反, 它们都是由于译者在翻译过程中缺乏目的意识造成的。例如荣国府景点英语译文中整段文字简要介绍了荣国府府邸和后院, 但参见其中文版本后发现, 两句话之间遗漏了一条园林的景点信息:府内西侧怡园内四季花亭古香古色, 小桥迂回山水齐备, 宛如一座小巧别致的苏州园林。怡园一部分被省略不译, 损害了译文的信息功能。因此我们可以翻译这句话为:

We also can find the Yi Yuan in the west side of mansion, in which the scenery is complete with a quaint pavilion, small bridge, hills and waters.It just looks like a quaint Suzhou Garden.

(3) 呆板的逐字翻译或字面翻译。翻译过程中有时对具体的词语采用逐字翻译或字面翻译的操作方法;但通过这种方法损害译文的可接受性, 就属于翻译失误。例如, 荣国府景点翻译为例:

宁荣街总长二百米, 占地面积一万五千平方米, 它是参照乾隆南巡图设计的。

Ningrong street in front of rongguo Mansion has 200m long.it cover 15, 000 square meter area, it Design and build according to Qianlong's south cruise.

译文通过逐字翻译产生大量的语法和拼写错误, 影响了译文实现与其功能。作为宣传文化的窗口, 出现这样的语言错误, 不仅使游客质疑工作人员的工作态度和语言能力, 还会影响到该景点的声誉和形象。

2. 文化性翻译失误

文化性翻译失误是一种具体层次上的功能性翻译失误, 是指译文中与译语文化规范和惯例相冲突之处。以天桂山景点的宣传电子书中的译文为例:

在元明时期, 因其有“一夫当关, 万夫莫开”之险固, 被称为“三门寨”, 在其上设立垛口, 驻兵守护。

In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, because the“Man guards the pass, 10, 000 Fumo open”, the risk solid, known as“three village”set up in its crenel, unmaning guard.

汉语原文是典型的汉语写景之作, 然而译文却言之无物 (黑体部分尤其明显) , 表面虽是英语, 深层思维却像汉语, 让译文读者无法理解。实际上旅游英语倾向于简单的语言描述, 记录具体材料和事实。根据目的论, 应以不同的翻译和写作手法去迎合不同文化背景中读者的审美心理和接受习惯。上例可处理为:

In Yuan (1206-1279 A.D.) and Ming (1368-1644 A.D.) Dynasties, crenels and troops were established there to defend Tiangui Mountain which was a military fortress.

3. 语言性翻译失误

语言性翻译失误是一种具体层次上的文化性翻译失误, 是译文中违背译文语言规范的现象。在一些英文旅游宣传网站和宣传册中, 这样的低级错误随处可见。例如:

天桂山是河北省著名的山岳古刹型风景名胜区。

Days Guishan is a famous mountain ancient temple in Hebei Province scenic area.

“山岳古刹”是指险峻山岭和佛教寺庙, 在这里被直译不符合英语表达习惯。因此, “山岳古刹型风景名胜区”应该为“is a famous scenery for mountain and ancient temple”。

对策分析

目的论认为翻译是有明确目的和意图的, 是在译者的作用下, 以原文文本为基础的跨文化的人类交际活动。因此, 译者还应注重民族文化和跨文化交流方面, 有意识地注意这些差异并运用到实际翻译中, 会提高翻译质量, 更符合翻译篇章规范。

第一, 民族文化原则是指不同的民族由于自然和社会环境、思维方式、价值取向等不同, 形成了具有鲜明的地方和民族特色的文化。在旅游资料内容方面, 要注意旅游英语翻译与本土文化的对接, 注重对历史典故和民俗风情的理解和翻译, 这些都是最吸引游客的, 也是旅游翻译的核心。但作为一种文化解码, 旅游文本翻译还要注意在语音、词汇、语法和段落等篇章层次的文化, 这些差异也可能成为旅游文化交际的障碍。

春节英文小介绍 篇3

Introducing Spring Festival

The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. It originated^[起源] in the Shang Dynasty from the people’s sacrifices^[祭品] to gods and ancestors^[祖先] at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.

During the last ten days before Spring Festival, store owners are busy as everybody goes out to purchase^[购买] necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible^[食用的] oil, rice, poultry^[家禽], fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and all kinds of nuts. What’s more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives are all on the list of purchasing.

Before the New Year comes, people completely clean the inside and outside of their homes. Then they begin decorating^[装饰] their clean rooms with an atmosphere^[气氛] of joy and festivity^[欢庆]. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets^[对联]. Also, pictures of the gods of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off^[避开] evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance^[充裕]. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass.

According to custom, each family will stay up to count down for the New Year on the eve of the Spring Festival. Lighting firecrackers^[爆竹] was once the most typical custom during the Spring Festival. People thought the banging and popping could help drive away evil spirits. Children will get money as a New Year’s gift, wrapped^[包裹] up in red packets. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern^[灯笼] dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is over.

春节是我国民间最重要的传统节日，就像西方的圣诞节一样，这是一家团聚的时刻。春节起源于殷商时期辞旧迎新之际的祭神祭祖活动。

在春节前最后十天，大小商铺生意兴隆，因为人们都忙于置年货。年货包括油、米、鸡、鸭、鱼、肉，还有糖饵果品及各式各样的果仁。除此之外，人们还要准备各种各样的装饰物，为小孩子添置新衣新鞋，以及准备过年时走亲访友、孝敬长辈的礼品。

春节前，人们会把屋子里里外外都打扫得干干净净。然后，他们会把家装饰得充满节日气氛—门的两侧贴上春联，大门前还要贴上门神和财神的画像以避邪迎福，在窗户玻璃上贴上红色剪纸。

英文旅游景点介绍 篇4

【英国留学生就业前景】英文面试自我介绍 英文面试自我介绍范文

在过面试自我介绍这一关时，不管是中文版自我介绍还是英文自我介绍，在紧张的气氛中总会容易出现词语或语法错误的现象。以下有四篇面试英语自我介绍范文，可供参考。

范文一：

I’m very glad to join in the interviw.First,let me introduce myself to you.My name is xxx,I’m 20 years old,I come from Zhe Jiang,and I’m an outgoing girl,I like philosophy and sport.Oh yes,I hope that I can do something for the Beijing Olympics.If you give me the great chance,I won’t let you disappoint.Ok,that’s all.I hope that you are satisfied with me,thank you!各位领导，给位招聘官，大家好！很高兴能参加这次面试，首先让我做个自我介绍，我叫xxx，今年20岁，来自浙江，曾经做过网管的工作，学到了很多东西。我是一个很活泼开朗的女孩，喜欢哲学和运动。这次北京举办奥运会，我很希望能做点什么，如果贵公司给我这个机会，我想我不会让你失望的。简单介绍到这，希望能我今天的表现能令您满意，谢谢！

范文二：

How are you, I call XX.This year is 22 years old.Graduate from XXXX college.The profession is a calculator multimedia.I am one is bright, optimism, there is the person of responsibility.A fondness for plays basketball, computer, listen to music, 海归求职网（）-专注留学生海归求职培训辅导服务

etc..Thankful your company gives me this the opportunity of the personal interview!你好，我叫XX。今年22岁。毕业于XXXX学院。专业是计算机多媒体。我是一个开朗，乐观，有责任心的人。爱好打篮球，电脑，听音乐，等。感谢贵公司给我这次面试的机会！

范文三：

Hello!I ’m XX ,I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company.I’m 22 years old and in good health.After graduation from XXXXa middle school, I have studied IT for many years.I am a better man.Do well in personal responsibility ,I am good at both operating a PC,I like palying basketball.computer and listening to the music.I’m interested in the position.I want very much to be accepted by your company.I’ll work hard if I can be a member in your company.面试英文自我介绍范文四：很高兴做自我介绍，我出生在辽宁，专业是国际贸易，毕业于南开大学，我的兴趣是音乐，读书，尤其是经济类的书。很荣幸应聘贵公司，希望能在贵公司实现我的梦想，希望能给我一次机会，谢谢。

范文四：

I am very happy to introduce myself here.I was born in Liaoning Province.I graduated from Nankai University and majored in International Trade.I like music and reaing books,especially economical books.It is my honor to apply this job.I 海归求职网（）-专注留学生海归求职培训辅导服务

hope I can realise my dream in our company.Please give me a chance.Thank you very much.我很高兴在这里做自我介绍，我是辽宁省出生的，毕业于南开大学，主修国际贸易。我喜欢音乐和读书，尤其是经济类的书。申请这项工作是我的荣幸。我希望我能在我们公司实现我的梦想，请给我一次机会，谢谢。

看过以上的 英文面试自我介绍范文 之后，大家赶紧学起来吧。

医生面试英文自我介绍「中英文」 篇5

【英文版】

Good morning, professors.

It is my great honor to be here for this interview. Thank you very much for giving me the chance! First of all, let me introduce myself. My name is **, 24 years old. I come from Dayao, one beautiful city of Yunnan province. I will graduate from Shanxi medical university in this July, majoring in medical imaging.

I am an easy going boy with broad interests, like playing table tennis, football, travelling and reading. Among them, I like travelling and reading most. Perhaps you are wondering why. Well, travelling makes me be in a good mood all the time. Every time when I am going on a travel, I just feel life is so wonderful. It is travelling that gives me confidence to face ups and downs in life bravely. As for reading, I think the reason is apparent. Owing to reading, I can keep pace with the modern world, which, I mean, includes both life and study field. What is more, reading helps me a lot in study at college.

Since the eollment of college, I have been interested in medicine and determined to be a good doctor. I have been studying hard at all the courses and made a solid foundation of medical knowledge. Five years’ university education gives me a lot of things to learn, a lot of chances to try and a lot of practices to improve myself. It teaches me not only what to study and how to think, but also to see the importance of practical ability. I have done practice as an intern in the second hospital of Shanxi Medical University. During the practice, I found I am very interested in medical imaging, so I choose it as my further study direction. However, I know there is still a long way to go before I become a qualified image doctor. That is the main reason why I am eager for the further education. I believe my diligence will make me study well in this field. If I am given a chance to study medical imaging in this famous university, I will spare no effort to master relative professional knowledge.

At last, I want to talk something about Shanghai. As is known to all, Shanghai, as the second largest city in the world, is one of China’s economic center. The scenery is beautiful and the people here are very friendly. Every year, it attracts a large number of young people to pursue their dreams and build up their careers .And I hope I have a chance to stay here and have a chance to appreciate it ,feel it and love it.

That’s all. Thank you for listening. Thank you very much.

【中文版】

各位教授、老师们，你们好!

我很高兴我能站在这里进行复试，感谢大家给我这个机会。

下面请允许我先自我介绍，我叫赖伟霞，今年21岁，广西玉林市人，我是广西医科大学5年制双语班临床专业的本科应届生，今年7月份即将毕业。

我是一个性格开朗，容易相处的女孩子，我的爱好有：乒乓球、游泳、唱歌，还有写作、学习新的.知识等。我曾经在校女子乒乓球单打比赛中得了亚军。

自从我进入医学院校我就对医学产生了浓厚的兴趣，总所周知，医生能帮助患者除病痛甚至能拯救患者的生命，所以我喜欢医生这个行业，我想成为一名好医生。在5年的大学学习中我认真学习每一门科，为以后的研究及工作打下了一定的基础。在大三学年，我和其他同学一起参加了药学院的未来学术之星实验设计大赛并获得了二等奖。

我在广西壮族自治区人民医院进行了将近一年的临床实习，在实习期间我发现自己对超声科很感兴趣，所以我选择超声作为我的下一个研究方向。

我虽然不是超声科专业的本科学生，但我自学了《超声诊断学》人民卫生出版社 第2版 王纯正 徐智章主编的，我起步是比其他超声科专业的同学晚，个子又小个，但我很勤快，我很努力学习，我是我们学校双语班的学生，我对专业英语有一定的掌握，也许我现在的理论与实践跟其他超声专业的本科生有一定距离，但我相信我很快会赶上大家的。

护士英文自我介绍 篇6

今天能够站在这里参加面试,有机会向各位考官请教和学习,我感到非常的荣幸.希望通过这次面试能够把自己展示给大家,希望大家记住我：我的名字叫黄丹,我是上海交通大学医学院卫生学校的05级毕业生.在生活中我喜欢笑,我总是用微笑去面对生活中的一切,这样的我不仅可以保持自己的平衡还为周围的人带去了轻松与愉快.笑对生活是我的生活态度.我的性格比较开朗,随和。关心周围的任何事,和亲人朋友能够和睦相处,且对生活充满了信心，并尽我所能的帮助需要帮助的人。我的兴趣爱好广泛，我总是能够在各种活动中表现出色，得到观众的热烈掌声。

多年的校园生活及打工经历让我我养成了坚强的性格,这种性格使我克服了学习和生活中的一些困难,也让我改掉了浮躁的性格，不再不知天高地厚。

在医院实习的这3个月里，我越来越喜欢护士这份工作，我也认识到，护士是一个需要大量与人沟通的工作，在病人及家属的反应中我可以很自信的说，在与人沟通这方面我能做的很出色！人和工作的关系是建立在自我认知的基础上的。护士是一个神圣而高尚的职业,它的工作是繁琐且需要很强责任性,它存在的根本目的是为人民服务，如果我有机会被录用的话，我想,我一定能够在工作中得到锻炼并实现自身的价值.同时,我认为我有能力也有信心做好这份工作.希望各位老师可以认可我，给我一个机会。谢谢

Good afternoon that examiners:

英文报刊旅游推介的及物性分析 篇7

1 及物性理论

Halliday (2000) 认为语言三种元功能之一的概念元功能 (ideational function) 包括经验功能 (experiential function) 和逻辑功能 (logical function) , 其中“经验功能反映客观世界和主观世界中所发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点等环境因素, 主要通过‘及物性’ (transitivity) 和‘语态’ (voice) 来体现。及物性是一个语义系统, 及物分析法是一种线形分析, 它关心的是一个过程 (process) 是否涉及参与者 (participant) 和环境成分 (circumstantial element) , 核心是过程。” (胡壮麟, 等, 2005:74-75;张水云, 2002) 根据及物性系统, 可以把人类的经验分成六种不同的过程, 即:

1) 物质过程 (material process) :即做事的过程, 尤其是指“包含了动作本身的过程” (Thompson, 2000:79) 。参与者包括过程的施动者和受过程或环境因素影响的人或物。

2) 心理过程 (mental process) :描述内心世界的思想、喜好、欲望和感受等的过程。一般参与者有:心理活动的主体和客体, 即“感知者”和被感知的“现象”。

3) 关系过程 (relational process) :表示事物之间的关系。它可以分为“归属”和“识别”两大类。这两种过程各自又可进一步分为“内包式”、“环境式”和“所有式”。归属关系过程参与者包括“载体”和“属性”, 识别关系过程包括“被识别者”和“识别者”。

4) 行为过程 (behavioral process) :指生理行为或心理行为, 如呼吸、咳嗽、哭笑、做梦等。一般只有一个参与者即“行为者”且一般是人。

5) 言语过程 (verbal process) :通过讲话交流信息的过程。过程中包括“讲话者” (不一定是人) 、“受话者”和“讲话内容”。

6) 存在过程 (existential process) :表示事物的存在。每个存在过程都有一个“存在物”。 (胡壮麟, 等, 2005)

2 及物性六大过程在英文报刊旅游推介中的体现

经过统计, 及物性六大过程在Living in:Shanghai这篇旅游推介中的数量及比例如下表所示。其中关系过程占了一半的比重, 其次是物质过程, 心理过程、言语过程和存在过程较少, 没有行为过程。

从上述数据可见, 关系过程出现最多, 如在“The city is vast and dense, and the areas that are most popular are ones with a human scale or..., which is a premium in the city.”一句中就出现了多次关系过程。关系过程用于表示事物、人等两者之间的关系, 也表达了专栏作家的评论和自身观点, 和旅游推介的语场相吻合, 即对旅游目的地进行介绍、发表评价并加以推荐。由于本文主要内容是上海的生活和房地产市场, 对没有在中国旅游、居住或者生活的外国人来说, 简单的客观介绍加上作者的评介是最重要的。另外, 文本中的关系过程中以归属类过程居多, 特别是在介绍“What is it known for?” (上海以什么名闻天下?) 和“Where do you want to live?” (你想住在哪里?) 这两个版块中, 出现了很多“内包式归属类关系过程” (如It is the most foreigner-friendly city in mainland China.) 和“环境式归属类关系过程” (如Shanghai, ..., is located where the Yangtze meets the sea.) , 这说明作者不仅从历史起源、风俗文化的角度来介绍旅游地客观状况, 还结合主观感受, 表达个人观点, 这样才能增加游客对旅游地的认识和兴趣, 提高旅游地的吸引力, 方便游客做出选择, 顺利畅快地游玩。

物质过程出现频率也较高, 位居第二, 这也和旅游推介的语域要求是相符的, 因为其整合了旅游地的旅游资源, 为旅游者能做什么提供借鉴。该文本共28个包含物质过程的小句, 其中20个以人作主语, 8个以物作主语。句子中人作主语的名词主要有elite, expats, foreigners, you以及几个人受采访的居住或工作在上海的外国人名字。因为英文报刊旅游版的内容不同于新闻版, 不是以客观、简洁、精练为特色, 而是倾向于通俗、可读性和受益面, 所以其更加主观。因为人具有从众心理, 若加入一些实地调查、采访实录来表明其他人参与的经验, 会使读者觉得更加真实可信, 对旅游推介的目的地更加向往。以物作主语的句子是事物促成了事件的发生, 客观性较强, 所以在英文报刊的旅游推介中较少出现, 该文本中只在开头介绍上海给外国人的印象中有所体现, 如“China’s largest city (by most estimates) conjures a romantic vision of steamer trunks and junk ships making their way across the Yangtze River.”但是这些以物做主语的句子中还含有拟人化成分“making their way across the Yangtze River”以及“...where the Yangtze meets the sea”, 因此, 英文报刊旅游推介的主观性占据主导地位, 这也是西方重视人权的体现。

以上两个过程总共占80%以上。但是不管是在关系过程还是在物质过程中, 作者的主观能动性都得到了充分发挥, 是旅游推介中作者引导读者特征的体现。

相比较, 其它过程的比例低很多。其中言语过程是与主题相关的受采访的外国人的叙述实录, 包括两位在上海经营房产公司的执行董事Catherine Lee和创始人Brent Beisher和一位移居中国的Taylor Mork, 他们以亲身经历为基础, 分析了上海的房地产市场信息和生活特点。他们是作者撰写文本的信息来源, 因为他们大多提供的是正面信息, 作者引用他们的话语来为自己的推介提供论据。其它三个子过程中, 只有两个存在过程, 主要是出现在直接引语中, 是别人的话而非作者的叙述。存在过程客观性也较强, 所以作者很少使用。心理过程与存在过程一样, 也是出现在直接引语中, 多是关于个人情感, 如“want to”“like to”, 而如果作者直接使用这些词在旅游推介的叙述中, 个人喜好性表达得过于强烈, 会让对旅游地的态度摇摆的游客产生反感心理;没有行为过程的原因主要是因为它多用于指个人的生理活动, 而这和旅游推介的主要内容差别过大, 旅游推介主要是把个人放到旅游地这个环境中加以描述, 看看个人能从旅游推介地得到什么, 而非个人本身脱离环境的各项活动。

3 结束语

英文报刊旅游推介具有自己独特的特色, 从及物性理论视角来分析这一文本是切实可行的。在旅游推介中, 关系过程最多, 主要用于表达作者的观点附带一些客观介绍;物质过程次之, 但主语多为人, 是作者描述其他人在旅游过程中的经历以激起潜在游客的兴趣。言语过程是作者为了加大推介力度而采取的真人话语实录方法, 扩大正面信息的来源。其他过程较少且多体现在言语过程中。因此, 一篇像Living in:Shanghai这样成功的旅游推介文章具有以下几个特点:1) 充分发挥作者也就是推介人的主观能动性, 最大限度地挖掘旅游地的特色;2) 以主观评介为主, 以客观介绍为辅, 拉近与潜在游客的距离, 提高旅游地的吸引力;3) 但是在推荐中避免过于强烈地表达主观喜好, 而可以借助第三方的正面观点来表达, 这样既增加说服力, 还表现出作者尊重他人观点、以读者为主的态度。

摘要：以功能语法中及物性理论为基础, 对BBC旅游版宜居系列文章之一的Living in:Shanghai进行分析, 探讨英文报刊旅游推介在文本及物性方面的特点, 以及如何从及物性角度达到旅游推介的效果。

关键词：及物性,英文报刊,旅游推介

参考文献

[1]Halliday M A K.An introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd ed) [M].London Amold, Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[2]Flint S.Living in:Shanghai[N].2011-10-05.http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20111004-living-in-shanghai/1.

[3]Thompson G.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[4]胡壮麟, 朱永生, 张德禄, 等.系统功能语言学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2005.

英文旅游景点介绍 篇8

关键词：旅游景区 标识语翻译 规范化研究

中图分类号：G642 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-9795（2013）05（a）-0082-01

1 调查方法与结果

为了进一步了解黑龙江省景区标识语英文翻译的规范化状况，为黑龙江省旅游景区英文标识规范研究提供科学依据，提高旅游服务质量及国际化水平，为海内外游客提供便利的旅游环境，提升黑龙江省旅游整体形象，促进黑龙江省经济社会发展，自2011年8月起，本课题组历时三个多月的时间，以实地调查的形式，深入哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江、大庆等重点旅游景区，调查中英标识语使用情况。实地调查前，调查组教师仔细研究各省市旅游标识翻译规范；调查中，用手机和数码相机对近千条的中英文标识语进行拍摄和存档，共收集不规范标识语数十条。

调查发现，黑龙江省重点旅游景区标识语的英译状况整体是好的，多数译文对海外游客起到了很好的引导作用。但由于缺乏统一的参照标准以及翻译水平的参差不齐，各旅游景区均存在标识语翻译不规范、以汉语拼音代替英语、标识语无英文翻译、景区英语宣传资料少、翻译质量差等问题。

2 问题分析

标识语英文翻译不规范。常见的问题主要可以归纳为以下几点：语言失误，具体是指拼写错误、大小写错误、语法错误、用词不当、译名不统一等；语用失误，是指中式英语、死译硬译、译文累赘、文化不对等、语言礼貌蜕变等；政府部门、管理部门和市民对标识语翻译不规范不够重视所导致的错误。例如：

（1）拼写错误。齐齐哈尔明月岛景区一处宣传牌子上“Vace coures（跑马）”把Race Course错拼为Vace coures。

（2）大小写错误。齐齐哈尔龙沙公园景区一处宣传牌子上“Welcome To Longsha Park（龙沙公园欢迎你）”，把to错写为To。

（3）用词错误。镜泊湖景区的一处 “Shopping area（商亭）”，把Shop Kiosk错用为Shopping area。

（4）译名不统一。在森林植物园、东北虎林园和龙沙公园不同的景区中，相同的“厕所”分别使用了“W.C”和“Lavatory”，“厕所”的常用英文单词有“toilet，water closet（WC）”，WC词义本身与toilet区别不大，但是从修辞上说，前者给人的印象是简陋、不太卫生，而后者不但有洁净、舒适的感觉，而且还可以在里面梳妆打扮。toilet这个词来源于法语，就连法语“香水”一词（eau de toilette）也和toilet有关，可见还是很有高雅的感觉。因此应统一为“Toilets”。涉及性别时，男洗手间和女洗手间统一为Men’s Toilet和Women’s Toilet。

（5）单复数错误。哈尔滨游乐园景区 “TICKETS OFFICE（售票亭）”，把Ticket Office/Tickets错译为TICKETS OFFICE。

（6）表达方式不统一。在镜泊湖国家地质公园同一景区中，相同的“吊水楼瀑布”用了不同的表达方式，一处英文用了“Diaoshuilou Waterfall”，另一处用了“The Howering Mansion Falls”；“瀑布”的英文单词waterfall，falls，cataract和cascade。waterfall是瀑布的通称，常常简化为falls。cataract大瀑布，通常指大的垂直的waterfall。Cascade小瀑布，多用于大瀑布的一个分支，有的是天然的，有的是人造的。因此，根据上述单词的用法，应将“吊水楼瀑布”统一为“Diaoshuilou Waterfall”。北方森林动物园景区内的标识语中，相同的“大象馆”用了不同的表达方式，一处英文用了Asian Elephant Building：另一处用了Elephant Building，还有一处用了Building of Elephant，根据英语表达习惯，一般用Elephant House比较合适，因此，应将表达方式统一为Elephant House。

（7）词语搭配错误。齐齐哈尔和平广场的宣传牌子上“Brief Introduction of Peace Square（和平广场简介）”，把Brief Introduction to Peace Square错误搭配为Introduction of。

（8）死译硬译。东北虎林园的一个“Public Lavatory（公厕）”，把Toilet 硬译为Public Lavatory。

（9）译文累赘。龙沙公园的一处标识牌，将简单化的Please Keep off the Flowers（爱护绿化 请勿践踏），累赘复杂地翻译为CHERISH FLOWER AND GRASS TO CARE ABOUT FUTURE。

造成以上翻译失误的原因主要有四点：译者缺乏基本语言素质而导致错译；缺乏对目的语文化背景及中西方两种文化差异的理解而引起的语用失误和社交用语失误；制作者的态度和责任心不强，如：校对不仔细、印制粗心或者没有作统一要求而导致拼写错误；政府职能部门缺少必要的监督管理从而导致不规范的标识牌堂而皇之的竖立在景区内。

3 建议

经过以上的实例分析与翻译错误归类后发现，任何错误的或不规范的（不地道、有歧义的）翻译不仅不能为外国游客提供正确有效的信息，反而会给国外游客带来误解和不便，甚至可能影响他们对于黑龙江省旅游景区的印象。因此，课题组提出以下建议：

（1）加强对标识语专题调研。建议有关部门组织水平较高的翻译者根据黑龙江省各景区的功能要求，参照国外旅游景区标识语和国内此方面研究的相应成果，编制《黑龙江省旅游景区标识语英文译法规范》统一规范标准，为黑龙江省旅游业的标识系统提供较为权威的英译标识语的范本，使标识语统一化、规范化和信息化，从而更好的实现其服务功能、教育功能和信息传播功能。

（2）加强对规范标识语的管理。建议由相关部门专门负责景点中英文标识语规范问题，按照《黑龙江省旅游景区标识语英文译法规范》标准，负责中英文标识语的监督、审查，分批、分期对现有的不规范的景区标识语进行清理和更换，对没有英文翻译的标识语进行补充，以其使用统一规范的中英文双语或中外文多语形式的标识语。

参考文献

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[2]吴珏.常熟旅游景区标识语英译存在问题及对策研究[J].学理论，2011（9）：226-227.

[3]高睿，鲍月玲，陈梅.河南省旅游景区标识语英译现状调查分析[J].成功（教育），2011（7）：230-231.

[4]陈新仁.当代中国语境下的英语使用及其本土化研究[M].北京大学出版社，2012，2.