高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气教案

高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气教案（精选4篇）

高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气教案 篇1

语 法 讲 解

--虚拟语气

英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。

虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.

If I were you, I would work hard.

2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.

If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.

3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.

P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况

(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)

If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)

（2）省略if的虚拟语气

如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。

If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?

If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.

(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句

有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。

Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.

But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.

He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.

(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。

If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.

If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.

二． 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中

1.主语从句中的虚拟语气

这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。

① 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.

② 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.

③ 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.

It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.

It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.

It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.

2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

① wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：

表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句

表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done

表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形

I wish it were spring all year round.

I wish it would be fine tomorrow.

She wished she had stayed at home.

② 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.

The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.

P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.

3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用

1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：

主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）

主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）

主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）

He talks as if he knew all about it.

She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.

He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.

2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。

It is time that we went home.

P.S.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。

This is the first time that I have been here.

3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。

Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）

Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）

I’d rather he didn’t go now.

I’d rather you hadn’t done it.

4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。

5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’

He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.

（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）

虚拟语气练习题精选

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone

4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

11. _____ today, he _would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

16. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the rain.

A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”

A. have B. will C. do D. had

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide

20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

21.09安徽 But for their help, we ______ the program in time.

A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished

22.09江苏 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.

A . could express. B.. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must have expressed.

23. 09浙江. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.

A. wouldn’t. B. couldn’t. C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

24.09福建. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win. D. would have won.

25.09重庆. ----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?

----She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.

A. shall be. B. should have been. C. must be. D. might have been.

高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气教案 篇2

一、隐含条件的巧设

[考点特征]在虚拟语气的考查中，命题者常常不明确体现主句对应的虚拟条件，而是通过主句和相关连词巧妙隐设在上下文中。

[经典考题]

I forget where I read the article,or I it to you now.

A.will show B.would show

C.am going to show D.am showing

[破解分析]根据上文的语境可知句中or隐含着一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article，故整个句子的意思是：要是我没有忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话，我会现在展示给你看。

二、虚拟信息的预设

[考点特征]在虚拟语气的考查中，命题者常先不明确真实信息，而是通过虚拟结构预设真实语气的时态特点，以增加试题难度。

[经典考题]

—It looks as if he were drunk.

—So it does..

A.He’d better give up drinking

B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C.Health is more important than drink

D.I wonder why he is always doing so

[破解分析]上句It looks as if he were drunk是下句语意的关键预设信息，as if引导的虚拟语气结构表示“他喝醉了”并非事实，只是他的言行举止看似醉了。

三、句式结构的巧变

[考点特征]在虚拟语气的考查中，命题者常利用特殊句式（倒装句等）和其他从句相结合的办法来考查虚拟语气及特殊句式结构。

[经典考题]

—Mary looks hot and dry.

—So you if you had so high a fever.

A.do B.are C.will D.would

[破解分析]原句正常结构应为：if you had a high fever you would look hot and dry，表示与现在事实相反，变为So would you的倒装形式，表示“……也一样”的语意。

四、虚实语气的互动

[考点特征]在虚拟语气的考查中，命题者常选用个别特殊词来体现虚拟与真实语气的交互使用。

[经典考题]

All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he badly wounded and that he at once.

A.should be;be operated on

B.were;must be operated on

C.was;should be operated

D.was;be operated on

[破解分析]insist的宾语从句中有时用should+动词原形，表示虚拟的尚未发生的或尚未成为事实的语气，而若表示的动作已经发生或已经成为事实，则常要用真实语气结构。

五、省略结构的语序

[考点特征]在虚拟语气的考查中，由于省略而形成的倒装句式考生容易忽略句子的特征。

[经典考题]

smoking,he would not have got cancer in the lung.

A.Was he given up B.Had he given up

C.Did he give D.If he gave up

[破解分析]从代入被选项后的句意和主句he would not have got cancer in the lung为表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构，可确定从句应用过去完成时。另外，虚拟条件句中有had,should或were等词时，通常可以省略if，将had,should或were等提前置于句首，形成倒装。

六、英语表达的习惯

[考点特征]在虚拟语气的考查中，命题者常选择涉及英语表达习惯的结构句式。

[经典考题]

—He will come tomorrow.

—But I’d rather he the day after tomorrow.

A.will come B.is coming C.came D.had come

高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气教案 篇3

在这一环节中，教师首先呈现一些虚拟语气的例句，其中包括学生在以前的学习中涉及到的It is time that sb. did sth. 和should + v. 的例子，以及其他大量关于虚拟语气的例句，最好是与学生的学习生活联系密切的例子，让学生读这些句子，同时理解什么是虚拟语气，以及在什么情况下该使用虚拟语气。通过这些例句，加之教师的引导，学生们很容易理解虚拟语气就是“所说的话不是事实或不可能发生，只是一种愿望、假设和对未发生事情的建议”。

在学生理解了虚拟语气的概念后，教师就要提醒学生，如果想要表达一种不能实现的愿望假设，或要建议他人时，就可以使用虚拟语气。然后让学生自己做一些这样的句子。大多数学生都可以做出建议某人做某事或should + v. 的句子，但关于虚拟语气其他语法，学生在时态上就会出现混淆。那么教师就引导学生知道虚拟语气的使用最主要的就是掌握不同情况下的时态。这时学生带着关于时态的疑问，师生进入下一环节的教与学。

二、 教师引导学生进行观察—分析—讨论，并对虚拟语气的用法做精炼的概括和总结

Step 1 教师呈现最简单的It is very time that sb. did sth.的句式，由于学生对于It is time for sb. to do sth. 的句式非常熟悉，所以It is time that sb. did sth. 也无需多讲，只要学生注意到that从句中谓语动词用过去式就行了。

Step 2 给出大量should + v. 的例子，让学生去观察统计表示同一意义的单词各有几个，学生在教师的引导下不难总结出“一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求”的规律，接下来教师再给出这些词的相关名词后接名词性从句的例子。学生通过观察就会明白这些动词以及相关名词后的名词性从句中都要用should + v.。

Step 3 教师呈现if条件句的例子，让学生分别从现在、过去和将来三个时间观察分析这些例句中主从句的时态。

Step 4 教师呈现含有wish， would rather， if only， as if/though， even if/though的例句，要求学生还是按照现在、过去和将来三个时间观察分析这些例句中的时态，学生不难发现，含有这些词的虚拟语气中，在同一时间段谓语动词的形式是基本相同的。唯独wish表将来时情态动词不用should， 而would rather无论过去还是将来，谓语动词都用过去式。这么总结之后，学生只要记住一条规律，其他的词就都会用了。

Step 5 再次让学生观察在Step 3中所填表格中的主句谓语动词，学生会发现，虚拟语气中的主句谓语实际上只有两种形式，即表现在和将来的should/would/could/might + v. 和表过去的should/would/could/might + have done. 那么教师就给学生补充，当句子中出现otherwise， but for， without和or时，同学们只需观察句子中的时间状语，如果是过去，谓语则用should/would/could/might + have done， 否则统统用should/would/could/might + v. 这样，在虚拟语气中，学生们觉得最难的一点，很顺利地就记住了。

虚拟语气的考查不外乎以上五步所总结的五点，但是这种引导和概括却要求教师自身对于这一部分的内容熟练掌握，深入分析，整合分类，概括总结。然后按照由简到难、从已知到未知的程序来引导。学生们在教师的引导下，从同类的例句中总结出虚拟语气中谓语动词使用的规律，学生们通过自己观察和相互讨论所总结的规律也会记得很牢固。

学生们学习的程度是有差异的，所以在以上总结的环节之后教师一定要给予学生10分钟左右的时间，一方面让学习好的学生整理笔记，在课堂上巩固消化，另一方面，让有疑问有困难的学生有一个向老师和同学提问来消除困惑的机会。以确保更多的同学能够更好地理解和掌握这一重要的语法项目，学会虚拟语气的使用。

三、 教师设置有梯度的练习，使学生对虚拟语气这一部分内容能巩固、应用，最终达到提高英语知识综合应用能力的目标

新课标提倡的认知—观察分析—总结规律—练习提升的语法学习过程的最后一个环节，就是实战演练了。我通常采取的是三步练习法：

Practice 1 填空或选择题

这类练习的设置着力考查虚拟语气中谓语动词的使用，以及使用这样的谓语动词的条件，这类简单的类似于套公式的练习就是要使学生熟练掌握上述所总结的规律，为接下来的应用练习做好铺垫。

Practice 2 汉译英单句翻译

这类练习就有了一定的难度，属于简单的应用能力的培养了。学生通过分析所给汉语，找出该使用哪一类虚拟语气，句子的谓语动词该用什么形式，然后写出结构正确的虚拟语气的句子。

Practice 3 短文写作

考研英语语法解读：虚拟语气 篇4

我们知道由if 引导的条件句有两种形式，一种是真实的条件句，也就说是某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。例如If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile， you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.(.Text1 )(如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。)

另一种就非真实条件句，通过虚拟语气来表达。例如I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.(要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。)在这句话中，假设“不堵塞”，但是真实情况并不是这样，所以用虚拟语气。一般有6种常见的形式：

1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中用一般过去时，主句中用would/could/ should 加动词原形，be 动词的过去式为were.

If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks， you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.(，text 1 )(查看为世界杯和专业队输送人才的.欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一奇怪的现象更加明显。)

2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should +have done .

If he had played last season，however，he would have been one of 42. ( text3 )(如果他打了上个赛季，他将只是42个(最高的人)中的一个)

3)与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句用should do 或 were to do 结构，主句中用 would /could/should 加动词原形。

If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in ‘s World Cup tournament， you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk： elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.(2007 text 1)(如果查看世界杯联赛每个足球运动员的出生证，你很可能发笑一个值得注意的奇怪现象：好的足球运动员都在一年的头几个月而不是后几个月出生。)

4)混合时态的虚拟 指的是主句和从句分别表示两个时态，动词形式依照上述三种形式进行相应的变化。

If he had put all the important files in the safe yesterday， his boss wouldn‘t be scolding him so angrily now.(如果昨天他把所有重要文件都放在保险箱中，他的老板现在也不会这个严厉的说他。)

5)省if将从句中的系动词或助动词提前到主语之前，变成倒装句，考生对这种形式应该理解和掌握。 Had it not for the timely investment from the general public， our company would not be so thriving as it is.( )(如果不是群众投资，我们的公司不会像现在这么兴旺。)

6)用介词或连词表示虚拟。比如with，without， under…condition， but for . And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all， the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber， or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.( text 1 )(如果一只猴子甚至没有用石块就能得到葡萄，另一只猴子就会向研究人员扔石头，或者把石头扔出房间，或者拒绝接受一片黄瓜。)