专四作文真题

专四作文真题（通用9篇）

专四作文真题 篇1

2003年专四作文真题：The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

（保持好心情的重要性）——关于身心健康

Direction：

People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family.So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.写作指南：

这是一篇属于给定明确观点型的作文。一般情况下，考题先提出一个话题，并给定了关于这个话题的一种明确的观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点作为文章的中心思想（论点）进行论证。写这类作文的关键在于是否能很好地论证这一明确的观点。

历年类似考题：

2001 Travel Broadens the Mind

2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities

范文：

The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

With the development of modern science, technology and economics, our living standard has reached an ever higher level.But more and more people are living under greater pressure than ever before.As a consequence, people are increasingly suffering from various distortions both physically and mentally.To help out, it is important that everyone keep a good mood today.There are several reasons for my argument.First, a good mood can create high efficiency.When you work with a good mood, you will feel happy and be willing to do some work which used to be boring.On the contrary, a bad mood can make you passive and do things with reluctance.Second, a good mood is beneficial to your health.If you fail to keep a good mood, you will be feeling depressed and fed up, which is apt to cause some psychological diseases.Third, when you have a good mood, other people around you will be influenced.Thus more and more people will feel happy to communicate with you.To sum up, keeping a good mood is very important both for yourself and for the people around you.If you want to have a happy and successful life, please keep a good mood every day.

英语专四考试真题及答案 篇2

There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.

51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .

A.than B.like C.as D.so

52.All the President’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.

A.remain B.remains C.remained D.is remaining

53.’You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,’ I told my friend.

A.could B.should C.must D.can

54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.

A.had received B.received C.should receive D.were receiving

55.Linda was _____te experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.

A. to start B.to have started C.to be starting D.to have been starting

56.She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.

A. must be B.had been C.could be D.must have been

57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.

A.that B.as C.so D.very

58.The comminttee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.

A.arise B.will arise C.arose D.have arisen

59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.

A.had found B.finds C.has found D.would find

60.He would have finished his college education,but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.

A.had had B.has C.had D.would have

61.The research requires more money than ________.

A.have been put in B.has been put in C.being put in D.to be put in

62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction.

A.no more B.not more C.even more D.much more

63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young.

A.being B.would be C.be D.to be

64.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.

A.Looking B.looked C.Being looked D.to look

65.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.

A.will continue B.continued C.continue D.continues

66.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_______forgery.

A.man-made B.natural C.crude D.real

67.She’s always been kind to me CI can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.

A.my back B.my head C.my eye D.shoulder

68.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.

A.extensive B.exclusive C.inclusive D.comprehensive

69.The tutition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families.

A.approachable B.payable C.reachable D.affordable

70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______of the earthquake.

A.consequence B.aftermath C.results D.effect

71.This sort of rude behaviour in public hardly ______a person in your position.

A.becomes B.fits C. supports D.improves

72.I must leave now._______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.

A.Accidentally B.Incidentally C.Eventually D.Naturally

73.After a long delay,she ______replying to my e-mail.

A.got away with B.got back at C.got back D.got round to

74.Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people;they are________available these days.

A.promptly B.instantly C.readily D.quickly

75.In my first year at the university I learnt the _______of journalism.

A.basics B.basic C.elementary D.elements

76.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the ______of 59 percent

A.ratio B.percentage C.proportion D.rate

77.Thousands of _______at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.

A.audience B.participants C.spectators D.observers

78.We stood still ,gazing out over the limitless ______of the dessert.

A.space B.expanse C.stretch D.land

79.Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with.

A.smell B.hear C.sense D.tough

80.Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips.

A.smacked B.opened C.parted D.seperated

PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]

In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

TEXT A

If you like the idea of staying with with a family,living in house might be the answer.Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launderers,are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guest and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity.The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes.If you are lucky,the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and chompanionship .For the less fortune ,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to vistit,and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guest are living under the same roof.

The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing,with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what,and in what proportion.One person may spend hours on the phone,while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with guest , how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace,especially if you are student and want to study?

Conversely,flat sharing can be very cheap,there will always be someone to talk to and go out with,and the chores,in theory,can be shared.

81.According to the passage ,landladies are ________

A.usually strict.

B.always mean.

C.adequately competent.

D.very popular with their guest.

82.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ?

A.Problems of sharing and paying.

B.Differences in living habits.

C.Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.

D.Restriction to invite friends to visit.

83.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?

A.Rent is affordable

B.There is companionship.

C.Housework.

专四作文 篇3

At present, people become more cautious when they meet strangers, let alone to help them.Trust between person is at stake.Offer your idea about such a phenomenon and your suggestions to make a change.On Aiding Strangers

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You are invited to attend a friend’s birthday party.Write a note to your friend, Mike, explaining briefly why you cannot take part in it and give him your best wishes.2.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Nowadays Internet is revolutinizing our globe and greatly facilitating our modern life.As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the Net, including shopping.However, people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.What do you think of it?

Shopping on the Net

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Emerson’s paper ranks on the top and earns fame for the English department.Write a note to him on behalf of the department, expressing the appreciation and good wishes to him.3.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

It is a popular phenomenon that nowadays some houses in China are labeled with foreign names and some traditional Chinese houses are demolished for the new foreign ones.Analyzing the possible reasons and the consequences of such a phenomenon.Foreign Names for Chinese Houses

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You just got recovered from illness.Write a note to your partner, Jason, expressing your appreciation to his care and great help.4.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Job-hunting is a tough challenge to the graduates.Someone says graduation means the coming of unemployment.Provide your opinion on such a phenomenon and give some advice for such a dilemma.Graduation, Synonym of Unemployment?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You have got in trouble in your computer installment.Write a note to your friend, Roger, describe briefly what it is and ask him to give you a hand.5.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Now many universities are asking their students to evaluate their teachers.Many students are excited at this, but some teachers seem to hold different opinions.What’s your opinion?

Should Teachers Be Evaluated by Students?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

A College English Speech Contest is to be held in the city.You want to take part in it.Write a note to Mr.Brown, inquiring the details about the contest and procedure.6.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Career planning is an important step for graduates, and it is of great importance.Offer your idea about it.Some of the tips and potential flaws must be included in your composition.Career Planning

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Your friend Steven has been enrolled by Yale University.Write a note to congratulate him, expressing your happiness and admiration for him.7.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Nowadays tourism is more and more indispensable to people’s life.But which way is a better choice: joining package tour or travelling on your own?

Which Do You Prefer: Joining Package Tours or Travelling on Your Own?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Your friend just failed in a contest and was very sad.Write a note to your friend, Allan, comforting and encouraging him not to lose heart and make further success.8.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

A scholar’s professional ethics is essential to his career and in a sense determines his contribution to the public.What does the professional ethics really mean, and what is its importance to a scholar?

My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scholar

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You are informed that your friend Lily has failed her final examination and is very frustrated now.Write a note to Lily, offering some suggestions and try to cheer her up.9.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Some people argue that athletes, while playing games, should adhere to the principle “Friendship first, competition second”, but others are against this view.They think that “Playing a game is fun when you win.” What is your opinion?

Playing a game is fun when you win

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You have found a book in the dining hall;write a “Lost and Found” note.10.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

More and more adult students are renting flats to live away from campus, and some of them are students lovers.Some students think it unacceptable, but others think it OK.What’s your opinion?

On Cohabitation of Student Lovers

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Write a note to Tom to invite him to see a film with you.11.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Under the one-child policy carried out in China, the “one” generation born between 1978 and 1985 has grown up.Directly affected by the family planning policy of China, whether they feel any loneliness as the only child of the families is being discussed.Does the Only Child Feel Lonely?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Write a “Thank you” letter to Mr.Smith for his recommendation of your competence to the manager of the Medical Company.12.SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Many universities oblige the students to attend the spoken English test.What is your opinion?

Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

专四作文 篇4

There are many factors that can contribute to a person’s success in life。 Whether he is at school or at work， a person is more likely to succeed if he is hard-working， honest， intelligent， responsible， and so on。 But of all the possible characteristics that can affect one’s success， I believe self-confidence to be the most important for the following reasons。

The first reason is that when a person has self-confidence he believes in himself。 He believes that he can and will succeed， and this gives him the courage to try new things。 In order to be successful we must be willing to take some risks， so having self-confidence is very important。 Another reason is that a confident person rarely gives up。 When he fails he tries again and again until he wins。 A final reason is that confident people are not afraid to show off their achievements。 This is not to say that they should brag， but that they should gracefully and confidently accept the pliments of others。 When their achievements are noticed more by others at school or work， they are more likely to succeed。

09年专四作文 篇5

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? China’s economic growth has brought fast development to tourism since 1978.An increasing number of people start to go on traveling, which unavoidably bring harm to the environment.On the one hand, tourism leads to the destruction of ecological balance.Many so called green parks have been built to attract visitors.However, the constructions of those parks need lots of trees because they can be made into artificial chairs, tables or wood house, so tourism also causes the decline in areas of the green land, which adds the risk of floods.On the other hand, tourism causes water pollution.Some places of interest are famous for natural beauty, like some big waterfalls and lakes, but some rude behaviors, such as leaving plastic bags in the water indeed have a bad effect to water.To sum up, I think it is not worth sacrificing environment to develop economic.As citizens, everyone should do their own part to protect our environment.March 27, 2009 Dearly Lily, I have learned from an ad that a schoolboy is looking for a private English-language tutor.I think it is a good chance for you so you can get a part-time job at your free time.Most important of all, you want to be a teacher, your dream.I hope you will take the opportunity and may you succeed.Yours，Rose

英语专四作文高分技巧 篇6

古人云，不战而屈人之兵，很大程度上取决于心理因素。随着考试改革的深入，会有更多，更新，更难的题目，包括作文题目出现，这样就要求我们有处惊不变的能力。即使是出现某种没有预料到的题型，考生也应该及时调整心态、从容不迫地应答。事实上，历史经验证明：题目要求越是高，难度越是大，考生的发挥余地也就越大。挑战和机遇是成正相关的。

2、评分

知己知彼，百战不怠。熟悉老师的评分习惯，对于考生正常、甚至是超常发挥自身水平也十分有益。正常情况下，阅卷老师要领会贯彻考试规定的评分原则，依照文章的结构和语言水平进行评分。然而，除此以外，有“两个基本点”我们也需要给予足够的重视――闪光点和语法点。在一篇出类拔萃的范文中，我们往往可以看到像提问法、谚语总结法、从句、并列句、理由段公式、理由词汇、路线句型、插入语、名词化、和被动语态等等闪光点;而在一篇低分例文中，基本的语言错误则多得数不胜数。

3、审题

磨刀不误砍柴工。在落笔前花两三分钟时间进行构思，既有利于理清行文思路、也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遗憾。尤其是在应对图表类作文时，我们更是要看清图表，牢牢把握各个数据的变化和相互关系，才能够下笔。否则张冠李戴，即使文章本身再不同凡响、语惊四座，也只会竹篮打水、甚至起到适得其反的效果。

4、卷面

先发制人、取得先机。对于像作文这样的主观题而言，考生与阅卷老师从来就犹如搏弈，无形中彼此互动、相互影响。一个考生可以做的，首先是通过卷面给阅卷老师下意识地传达个人信息。用笔的颜色(深蓝色使人心情放松愉快，不过要注意考场用笔规定哦)、粗细(粗线条给人以安全感)，整齐划一的格式(段首或一律顶格或一律空两格)，明了的段落感(每段空一行)，清晰的字数感(一行以十字为宜)，工整的字迹都会给任何阅读者留下深刻的正面印象，从而使考生先发制人、取得先机。

5、注重写好文章的框架

判定一篇英语专四作文好不好，首先看的不是他的句型，词汇，或是论点等。而是段落之间的衔接一定要十分清楚，我们不能老是采用大三段的形式-开头，经过，结尾。我们可以多用用连接词，例如：first of all, moreover, secondly, lastly等，另外可以多分自然段，给考官一目了然的感觉。还有我们可以多看看国外的文章，看看他们的写作模式。

6、句型的多样化

如果一篇文章，从头到尾，永远用的只有一种句型，那么这篇文章一定拿不到高分，我们可以适当的改换一下句型，我给大家一定建议，希望给大家有点帮助。

基本句型包括

Ⅰ.主谓句;Ⅱ. There be;Ⅲ.主系表结构的句子;Ⅳ.被动语态

复杂句型

包括Ⅰ.并列句;Ⅱ.从句(定语，状语，名词性，非谓语)

7、多举例EXAMPLE(重要)

大家不要小看这点，我认为对于写作基础不是很好的考生来说，这点是最重要的。一篇文章如果让你从头到尾都在讲道理，你有这么多话要说吗?而且有时候还不一定说的清楚。那么这时候你就用例子来表明你的观点。我认识一个朋友，可以说她的英语基础很差，但她的文章也拿了6分，我问她怎么写的，她告诉我说就是拼命的举例子。就这点我也曾问过我的外教老师，他曾是IELTS的考官，他说考官欢迎考生多举例子。

延伸阅读：英语专四写作要求和目的

1、测试要求：

能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文。能做到内容相关、充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。考试时间45分钟。

本部分为作答题，要求学生根据题目要求做回答。

2、测试目的：

专四专八高分作文之三大策略篇 篇7

专四专八高分作文的奥秘何在?笔者结合多年的阅卷经验认为，考生务必从以下四点入手，即：内容简单化、结构模式化、语言要包装、考前要强化。

一、内容简单化

内容简单化是考生在构思专八作文时应遵循的原则。考生不论是在练习时还是在考场上都应当牢记这一点。许多考生在作文上败下阵来就是因为花费了大量的时间和精力追求内容的新颖别致。国家考试中心在出专八作文试题时特别注意选择一些弹性不是很大的题目，因为考试作为一种语言测试方式，其重点在于测试考生英语语言水平，它不像出国英语考试，譬如托福、GMAT和GRE这类智商型考试那样测试考生逻辑思辩的能力;如果设置弹性较大的题目，评卷人在评分时就不容易把握。

事实上，专八作文考试的内容并不会给评卷人留下太深的影响，参阅任何一本考试作文指南书的考生都可以发现书中范文的内容不会有太多新意，评卷人评判的是考生的文能力，考生在构思时只要保证自己的内容符合逻辑，能够言之有理、言之成理、切题即可，然后把更多的注意力放在如何追求语言的得体性上;有的考生在考场上绞尽脑汁，想要找出些绝妙的.内容来吸引评卷人的特别关注，结果往往是花费了十分的心思只得到一分的回报，有时反而会弄巧成拙，使评卷人的注意力转移方向，影响得分。

在考场上，笔者认为考生在构思内容上所花的时间不应超过5分钟，在认真读题并将其理解透彻以后，考生可以在试卷题目下方的空白处列一个简短的提纲，用中文即可，以此作为写作过程中内容的提示，在提笔开始写作的过程中就可将重点放在保证语言的流畅得体上，不会因为内容而中断思路。

二、结构模式化

专八高分作文的第二大策略是结构模式化，这也是最核心的一条策略。通览以往的考试作文考题，细心的考生不难发现，专业英语作文考题不仅题目弹性很小，而且题型相结稳定，这就为考生在短期内提高作文分数创造了一个条件，使考生完全可以在考前针对考试中可能出现的题型按照固定的结构模式进行训练。

三、语言要包装

做到内容简单化和结构模式化，考生就已经向专八高分作文的目标迈进了一大步，如果考生还能在语言的细节上下一些功夫，作文的分数就会更上一层楼，这也就是我们接下来要谈的第三大策略：语言要包装。前面我们已经说过，专业英语作文的测试重点是考生的语言能力，因而在语言细节上下一点功夫就可以让考生展示自己的语言修养。

作文中语言的包装主要应从以下六点入手。

首先是语法方面的包装。考生要注意在作文中选取一个中心时态，通常选取一般现在时即可，但在陈述具体例证时要根据不同的情况变换时态。大纲明确要求高分作文的句子要做到多样化，所以最好不要全盘使用简单句，这样会降低文章的层次、复杂句和简单句应在文章中交叉出现，而对一些描述性的例证以及临时想起的内容可以使用简单句。

词汇的包装是个较为艰巨的过程，但单从应试的角度而言，考生可以精选一些高分作文学习，吸取其中的语言营养，对其中的用词进行细致的研究和模仿，在练习时尽量使用范文中一些常用的优秀词汇。

同样在引用名人名言时考生也要特别注意：中国人习惯用别人说的话来证明自己的观点，而西方人引用名人名言通常都是为了进行批判性分析，这也是东西方文化上的一大差异，建议考生心意一不要使用名人名言，而应当用自己的逻辑去说服对方。

说到这里自然就引出五一个语言包装的问题：应不应当在作文中作用谚语，大多数考生会觉得这些语言对评卷人而言已是陈词滥调，不应该在他们面前卖弄，事实恰恰相反，非英语国家的考生使用谚语常常会给英语国家的评卷人留下良好的印象，他们认为只有英语功底很扎实的考生才能正确地使用谚语。因此，在对所用表达法把握很大的情况下，考生不妨在作文中写一些地道的英语习语。

专四作文真题 篇8

Nowadays more and more students choose to go abroad after they graduate from colleges and universities.They say that they benefi t a lot from it, though some people argue that there are many hardships and diffi culties.What’s your opinion about it?

Write on Answer Sheet Two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards

You are to write in three parts.In the fi rst part, state specifi cally what your idea is.In the second part, provide reasons to support your opinion OR describe your idea.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to

follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.审题思路

本题是一个观点选择型的题目，就目前大学生在毕业后选择 留学的利弊孰大孰小进行分析。题目可以从以下几个方面入手：

思路1：利大于弊

虽然有困难，但整体上利大于弊，利体现在 ：1.教学软件硬件优异 ；2.有利于将来就业等。

思路2 ：弊大于利

虽然有好处，但整体上弊大于利，弊体现在 ：1.费用昂贵 ；2.文化差异，难以融入其中等。

思路3 ：应具体问题具体分析，因人而异

留学有益，体现参考思路1；

留学也有弊端，体现参考思路2 ；

是否选择留学，应根据个人情况而定。

Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards

There is no denying the fact that studying abroad is a hotly debated2 topic today.As far as I’m，concerned, I believe hardships and rewards coexist and people have to consider it from all sides.引言部分：作者先提出留学是个热门话题，然后说明留学有利有弊应全面综合来考虑。这表明下文将既讲利又讲弊。

Obviously, studying abroad has a number of rewards.In the first place, a student can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which mightnot be available at home.In the second place, he can be exposed to entirely new

ideas and trends.Last but not least, by living and studying in a foreign country, one can improve his foreign language much faster than at home.Nevertheless, as every coin has two sides, studying abroad also confronts one with a series of hardships.For one thing, learning a foreign language is far from an easy thing at the beginning for most people.For another, a completely new environment with different customs and habits may

also be a barrier to overseas students, especially to the young.An added difficulty lies with finance: it can cost a lot to study abroad.主体部分：作者先说有几个显而易见的益处是列举观点时常用的句式。然后用“In the first place,...In the second place,...Last but not least”。nevertheless进行转折，说明留学会让人遇到很多困难。这时列举所用的句式换为“for one thing...for another...”使文章更富有变化。

Therefore, studying abroad should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with10 both benefi ts and troubles.The best policy11, as I see it, is to take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding.Personally，I’d choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.总结部分 ：作者概述上面所列利弊，用“a two-edged sword”来概括再恰 当不过，并提出选择出国留学的标准应该是“take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding”。

亮点回放

1.there is no denying that:“无可否认” ；还可以用undoubtedly，without doubt等更为简洁的表达方式。

2.hotly debated: “被激烈讨论的” ；相当于“heavily/frequently discussed”，但比之要g更地道些。

3.rewards: “奖赏、报酬、报答” ；此处表示“回报”，近义词为“returns”。

4.have access to: “能获得”，access的形容词accessible也经常使用在be accessible to的词组中，注意与之区别。

5.desirable:“令人满意的，称心如意的”，另外它的反义词

undesirable表示

“不尽如人意的”。

6.be exposed to: “暴露在„„之下”，此处还可以用 “be faced with，be confronted with”等。

7.confront sb.with sth.: “使某人遭遇到

（某事）”，此处注意与be exposed to的区别，前者不以人为主语，用主动语态 ；后者以人为主语，用被动语态。

8.far from: “远离”，此处表示

“远非”，相当于never，但语气委婉些。

9.barrier:“障碍”，近义词还有

“obstacle，block，hardship，setback”等。

10.present sb.with sth.: “给某人带来某物”，也可以用

“provide sb.with sth.”，但present 显得更正式些。

专四近义词 篇9

这组词均含有“唤醒，引起”的意思，两者往往可以通用。

rouse

一般作及物动词，有时也可用作不及物动词。

arouse

只作及物动词：

The fire roused the people from their sleep.大火把人们从睡梦中惊醒。

We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation.我们必须唤醒他们起来为自己的解放而斗争。

shake, tremble, quake, shiver, quaver

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

shake

适用范围广，可用于人也可用于物。该词所表示的动作的方向既可以是水平的也可以是垂直的。

tremble

专门用于表示人体轻微、迅速地振动，特别是当人激动、怯懦、寒冷、疲惫时不自觉地发抖。

quake

可用来代替tremble，常表示剧裂震动，如地震等，也可表示人因天气寒冷发抖或因愤怒等强烈情绪而内心震动。

shiver

意为“颤抖，哆嗦”，特指因寒冷或恐惧而打寒战，多用于人。

quaver

有时表示不规则的震动或波动，尤其表示某些具有扰乱结果的震动或波动，它常常强调颤抖，特别是激动的情感对声音与言辞的影响。

To be shaken before taking.(药瓶标签用语)服前摇匀。

Her hands trembled with eagerness as she opened the letter.她拆信时，急得双手发抖。

His accusing hand stiffly extended, quaking in mute condemnation.他那控诉的手僵硬地伸出去，在无声的谴责中颤抖。

She is shivering with cold so that her teeth are chattering.她冷得直哆嗦，牙齿咯咯作响。

The breeze set the flames of the street lamps quavering.街灯在微风中摇曳着。

subject, name, title, topic

subject

意为“题目，主题”，既可以指文章、谈话、演讲等的“主要内容，主要涉及对象”，又可以指文章或演讲等的“具体名称，标题”。subject还可指学科、科目。

name

意为“名字，姓名，名称”，一般只用于人、动物或地方。

title

意为“名称，标题”，一般用于具体印发的作品、书籍。另外，一篇文章的题目如果是印出来了，那么既可以用subject又可以用title,如果在印发之前，就不能用title而要用subject,另外，title还可以作“称号，头衔”讲。

topic

一般译为“话题”，多为谈话、辩论、演讲、作文的题目。

The subject of their conversation was the war.他们谈话的主要内容是战争。

What’s the name of the film?电影的名字是什么?

The title of the article is In Search of Silence.文章的题目是“寻寂”。

Here are some topics for discussion.下面是一些讨论题目。

recall, remember, remind, recollect

这组词都有“(使„)想起”之意。

recall

意为“想起”，强调有意识地去“回忆，回想”，常与can, could等词连用，强调一次性回忆。

remember

表示“想起”，指事物自然地在记忆中出现，不强调努力或意志。

remind

表示“使„想起”，指人受到一定媒介的启发或提醒而慢慢地唤起对往事的记忆，常用在remind sb.of sth.的结构中。

recollect

意为“回想”，指把已经遗忘的事情重新想起，强调回忆过程。

I can’t recall having met him before.我记不起以前曾见到过他。

I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆了。

Your telling me that story reminds me of another.你给我讲的故事使我想起了另一个故事。

She thought back and tried to recollect the exact wording of the letter.她回忆着，试图回想起那封信的准确字眼。

range, reach, scope, compass, scale

这是一组表示“范围”的名词，其侧重点各有不同。

range

代表的是一个可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。

reach

特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离，其比喻含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。

scope

指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围”以及所掌握、控制的“面积”。scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即“眼界，见识”。

compass

在意义上与scope相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力的“界限，范围”。

scale

特指刻度、标度的范围，也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围：

The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鸟飞入了我的视野。

Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把药放到孩子们够不到的地方!

Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗?

Construction is not within the compass of the department.工程建设不属这个部门管辖。

This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade.温度计上有两种刻度，一种是华氏，另一种是摄氏。

shift, move, remove, transfer

这组词均含有“移动，转移”的意思。

shift

含有“轻易地更动”或出于不正当的动机把罪过“转”到他人身上的意思。

move

应用范围很广，其中主要意思是“从一处移到另一处”。

remove

意为“拿开，移动，消除”，强调离开原来的、正常的地方或职位等做一种新的、有时是暂时的安排或改变。该词还含有把不利的东西“取消”的意思。

transfer

意为“调动，移交”，强调从一处转到另一处。

It’s no use trying to shift the blame to anybody else.想把过错推到别人身上是没用的。

Please help me move the desk to the corner.请帮我把桌子搬到墙角。

The obstacle has been removed;the two countries continued their dialogue.障碍已经排除，两国又继续对话。

The head office of the company has been transferred to New York.该公司总部已迁至纽约。

scarce, rare

这组词均含有“稀少的，少有的”的意思。

rare

强调某种东西是很少见到的，或某种现象是很少发生的，具有珍贵、贵重的意味。它的反义词是common。

scarce

形容的事物不一定有珍贵之意，而是指有些东西(通常为日用品)因匮乏或难以得到而变得稀少或缺少。它的反义词是plentiful或abundant。此外，修饰时间表示频率时，则只能用rare,而不能用scarce,此时rare的含义是“不经常发生的”

The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊猫是世界上稀有动物之一。

glimpse, look, sight, view

这组词都有“看，瞥见”的意思。

glance

指看一下或瞥一眼(有意识的)。

His glance silenced the audience, and he began to speak.他环视了一下，听众都不说话了，他便开始讲话。

glimpse

一般指看一眼或一瞥(无意识的)。

She caught a glimpse of her friend in the supermarket.她在超级市场里瞥见了她的朋友。

look

一般用语，表示直接用眼睛看。

Her intent look showed how much she had missed her sister.她的专心的目光说明她是多么想念她的姐姐。

sight

此词与视力和视觉有关，意指察看或视野。

She has lost sight of her dog.她看不见那条狗了。

view

常指视野，视域景色和眼界。

The tower commands a good view of the beautiful city.从这个塔上可以清楚地看到这座美丽城市的景色。

huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, vast

这组词均含有“很大的”的意思。

huge

指体积和数量大得超过一定的标准，可用来形容物体，距离，程度和声音等。

They spent a huge amount of money on that villa.他们花巨款买下了那幢别墅。

enormous

着重指体积庞大，常指硕大无比，令人咋舌的事物。多用来形容形体、数量和程度，有时含有严重、紧急的意思。

The dinosaurs were enormous animals which lived on the earth long ago.恐龙是很久以前生存在地球上的巨型动物。

giant

常指身体，体积，或力量的巨大。

They took giant strides forward.他们大踏步前进。

gigantic

多用于夸张手法，强调某种事物程度的巨大、重大或极为严重，常用于隐喻。

The economy of the country has taken a gigantic leap forward.这个国家的经济有很大的飞跃。

immense

有大到不能计算的意味，常用于形容空间，也可形容程度。

This book was about the early explorers who got lost in the immense Atlantic.这本书讲的是迷失在浩瀚大西洋中的早期探险家的故事。

vast

着重指面积极为开阔，用作比喻时指阅历广、花费大等。

The lion used to live in vast areas of Africa.狮子过去生活在非洲广袤的地区。

flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error

这组词都表示“错误，缺陷”。

flaw

原意为“裂缝，裂隙”，引申为“缺点，漏洞，瑕疵”，表示存在的或出现的某种破坏了完好统一体的因素，强调对完美性或有效性的损害。

defect

意思是“欠缺，不足”，指缺乏达到完善或发挥效用所需要的东西，也常指一般的缺陷。

fault

意思是“缺点，毛病;错误，过错，责任”，一般指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失及责任。

mistake

指由于认识上的缺点而无心犯下的错误。

error

常指违反一定标准而犯的错误。mistake和error虽然常常通用，但在习惯搭配中不能互换。

如：

I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理论中我找不到任何漏洞。

No one is without defects.人无完人。

She always finds fault with me.她总挑我的毛病。

I took her gloves by mistake.我错拿了她的手套。

Every man is liable to err.人人都难免犯错误。

freedom, liberty

这组词均含有“自由”的意思。

freedom

强调不受外界任何限制和约束，或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。

liberty

侧重于从所受的压制或压迫下解放出来。

如：

In some countries, there is no freedom of the press.在一些国家里没有新闻自由。

All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中营里所有囚犯都想得到自由。

repair, mend, fix, remedy

这组词都有“修理”的意思。

repair

意为“修理，修复”，指修理已破旧或损坏的东西，使其恢复原有的良好状况。此外，repair还可引申为“纠正，弥补，治愈”。

mend

意为“修理，修补”，是普通用语，仅指修补磨损的、破裂的、撕毁的小东西，很少用于大件物品。该词可引申为“改善，弥补，恢复健康”。

fix

意为“修理，修复”，和repair同义，两者经常换用，fix常用于美国英语中，口语色彩较浓。

remedy

意为“补救，弥补”，指对已经出现的过失及不满意的现状采取弥补措施，加以补救。

He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎样弥补这个过失。

It’s never too late to mend.改过不嫌迟。

He tried to fix the leaking tap.他试图修漏水的水龙头。

Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。

adequate, enough, sufficient

这组词均含有“足够”的意思。

adequate

强调符合一个客观要求或标准，这个要求或标准可能不太高或不太严格。

enough

侧重份量和数量的足够。是三个词中最普通的。

sufficient

一般用于正式书面语中，且只能放在所修饰的名词前。

如：

His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入满足不了家庭需求。

Do we have enough time for a drink?我们有没有足够的时间喝点什么?

The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.这场雨不足为害。

complete, entire, total, whole

这组词都可作“完全的，全部的”讲。

complete

意为“完全的，完善的”，强调所需要的正常的部分都已具备，达到完备、无可增加的程度。

entire

意为“完全的，完整的”，可用于具体或抽象的概念，用来形容完整的、未被破坏或切割的统一体。其含义侧重物体或概念的本身，强调既不能增加，也不能减少，保持原有完整的意义。该词常用作定语。

total

意为“完全的，全部的”。强调没有任何例外，一切都被统计在内，指金钱、数量、程度等的全部，在表示抽象意义时，可与complete换用，有时也可和entire换用。

whole

意为“整个的，整体的”，强调完整、没有被忽略、遗漏或减少，此时该词和entire语义相似，只是语气稍弱，且多在口语中使用，一般多用作定语。

They own a house complete with furniture.他们拥有一幢家具齐全的房子。

The Complete Works of Tolstoy is on the shelf.《托尔斯泰全集》在书架上。

It took us an entire week to finish the work.完成这项工作花费我们整整一周时间。

He was in entire ignorance of the matter.他对这件事一无所知。

What is the total cost of the new furniture?新家具总共花了多少钱?

The new manager has a total control of the business.新任经理完全掌握公司的控制权。

The different parts were joined to form a whole group.不同的部分连接起来形成一个整体。

The whole book is on how to appreciate poetry.整个书都是关于诗歌欣赏的

aggression, invasion

这组词均含有“入侵”的意思。

aggression

主要指对别国的入侵。

invasion

指持有挑衅、敌对的企图而进行的侵占、入侵、侵犯。

如：

The Chinese government protested strongly against such barbarous aggression.中国政府强烈抗议这种野蛮的侵略行为。

The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties.那次非法搜查是对他们公民自由权的侵犯。

long, wish, desire, hope, expect

这组词都含有“希望”之意。

long

意为“渴望，盼望”，常与for搭配使用，有较强的感情色彩，表示对某一事物抱有热切的“希望”或强烈的“向往”。

wish

作“希望，渴望”讲，是一般用语，常用于表达过去的遗憾，对不可能达到的目标的渴求，此时常为虚拟语气。另外，还可指对别人的祝愿。

desire

意为“希望，渴望”，是正式用语，语气强于wish,指怀着急切的心情，强烈地盼望着达到某种目的，而这种殷切的希望经多方努力是可以实现的。

hope

作“希望，盼望”讲，指人期待或渴望有一定指望的事物，这种期待可能实现也可能实现不了，但常含有充满信心之意。

expect

表示“希望，期待”，指有一定的把握认为某人会做某事并期待着这种可能性的实现。

She longed to go back to the laboratory.她渴望能回到实验室。

What I like is chewing gum.I wish I had some now.我喜欢的是口香糖，真希望我现在有些口香糖。

Have you got everything that your heart desired?你一心向往的东西都有了吗?

He hoped that his extra effort on the essay would bring him a higher mark.他希望他在论文上作出的特殊努力将会使他得高分。

If I tell you to come, I expect you to come.如果我让你来，我就希望你来。

result, consequence, effect, outcome

这组词均含有“结果”的意思，指事物最后呈现的一种局面。

result

是最普通的用词，用途最广，指很多效果、后果的综合，带有“最后结果”的意味。

consequence

这个词带有贬义，一般表示一种不好的结局，常译为“后果”。

effect

与cause(原因，起因)相对，强调由某种原因直接或立即产生的结果，可译为“效果，效力，作用，影响”。

outcome

常译为“结果，结局”，常指某项活动、比赛或者悬而未决的事情最后见分晓、见输赢。

The net result of our discussions was that she agreed to take this job.我们反复商量的最终结果是她同意接受这份工作。

The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequences.高失业率已经造成了不良的社会后果。

The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.这次广告运动对销售未能起到多大的作用。

There were not many people who dared predict the outcome of the general election.没有人敢预测大选的结果。

prohibit, forbid, ban

这三个词皆为及物动词，表示“禁止”。

prohibit

意为“(通过法律、法令、公告、严正警告)禁止某些事情”，该词应用范围比其他两个词广，其常用结构为prohibit sb.from doing sth.。

forbid

意为“禁止”，是这三个词中最普通的词。如果我们指一般意义上的“禁止某人做某事”，就要用forbid sb.to do sth.。

ban

意为“禁止”，在这三个词中语气最强，指权威机关“正式禁止”，这种禁止可以是正面的，也可以是反面的。ban只以物作宾语，而不能以人作宾语。

The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.法律禁止烟草商卖给儿童香烟。

She had been strictly forbidden to drink beer.严禁她喝啤酒。

Bicycles are banned from the new motorway.自行车禁止通行于新建的快车道。

foretell, foresee, forecast, predict

这组词均含有“预言，预测”的意思。

foretell

意为“预言，预料”，着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。

foresee

强调“预见，预知”，与foretell基本同义。

forecast

强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。

predict

常指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情，可用于各种不同的场合。predict所作的预言有一定的科学性。

The Gypsy foretold that the boy would become a king.那个吉普赛人预言这个男孩将会成为国王。

The difficulties could not have been foreseen.这些困难是无法预料的。

Who can forecast what the outcome of election will be?谁能预测出选举结果?

Economists are predicting a fall in interest rate.经济专家预言利率会下降。

roughly, approximately, about, around

这组词都可表示在距离、时间、数量等方面“接近，大约”。

roughly

意为“粗略，大约”，经常用来代替approximately或about。该词常含有随便、草率的意味。

approximately

作“近于，接近”讲，表示精确程度非常接近某一标准，其误差极小甚至可忽略不计。

about

作“大约”讲，可与approximately互相使用，但它不如前者那样强调对精确度的接近，但它后面的数或量都是明确的，没有“多少不定”的意思，如，不可说“about more than two”。

around

意为“大约”，有时用于非正式场合，可以代替about或approximately

Roughly speaking, I think we are heading for the depression.大体说来，我认为我们正走向萧条。

It was approximately 100°F in the shade.在荫凉处温度约为华氏100度。

There are about 60 people in the room.这房间里大约有60个人。

He went to bed around midnight.他大约半夜才去睡觉。

accumulate, amass

这组词均含有“累积，积聚”的含义。

accumulate

强调一点一点地连续积累，从而积聚成堆。

amass

往往用于价高或量大的积聚。

The accumulated evidence isn’t enough to ensure his conviction.已收集到的证据还不足以给他定罪。

My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。

Fat will be accumulated in your body if you stop doing sports.如果你停止运动，脂肪就会积聚于体内。

A speculator may try to amass great wealth.投机商会想方设法积聚钱财。

assemble, collect, gather

这组词均含有“收集，聚集”的意思。

assemble

指为了一定目的把即将分散的人或物集合为一个整体。

gather

是一般用语，指将分散的东西聚集在一起。用于人时表示“聚集，集中”之意。

collect

与gather通用，指按计划进行收集整理，其对象一般是物，偶尔也用于人，意为“集合”。

Assemble your papers and put them in this file.把你的论文收集起来，放在这个文件夹里。

You must gather the students to your side.你必须把学生团结到你这一边来。

People gathered in crowds on the street waiting for the news of victory.人们成群结队地聚集在街上，等待着胜利的消息。

trust, believe, believe in, confide

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

trust

是“信任”的意思，指信任某人的内在品质、人格、能力等，也可指“信赖”事物。trust后面接不定式的复合结构(trust sb.to do sth.)，表示“放心让某人做某事，相信某人会”。另外，trust后面常跟介词in,也表示“相信，信赖”之意。

believe

后面常接名词、代词或that从句，接that从句时常表示“认为”的意思。

believe in

是“信任，信仰”的意思，常指相信某一理论或信仰某一宗教等，也指相信某事物或某人的更为本质的、内在的东西，或相信某事物的存在。

confide

是指信赖某人以致可以与之倾吐心腹话或内心的秘密。confide作及物动词时，常用在“confide sth.to sb.”;作不及物动词时，后面常与介词in连用，表示信赖某人，对某人讲真话。

A forgetful man should not trust his memory, but should write things down in a notebook.一个健忘的人不应相信自己的记忆力，而该把事情记在记事本上。

You can’t trust him to do anything right.你什么事也别指望他能做好。

She didn’t trust in her son’s ability to look after himself.她不相信儿子有能力照顾自己。

I find it impossible to believe a single word you say.我发现你的每句话都难以置信。

Is he really coming? I can hardly believe my ears.他真的要来吗?我简直不敢相信我的耳朵。

I don’t believe in his honesty.我不相信他诚实。

They don’t believe in ghosts.他们不相信有鬼神。

She confided her trouble to her friend.她把自己的烦恼告诉了朋友。

refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

refuse

是表示“拒绝”这一概念的最普通的用词，语气比decline强，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意味。refuse作及物动词时，后面常常接名词或代词表示被拒绝的对象，跟不定式表示拒绝做某事。作不及物动词时，refuse可单独使用。

reject

意为“拒不接受，不采纳”，语气比refuse更强，强调抛弃、丢弃，有时可翻译为“抵制，驳回”。

该词还常常表示由于客观条件不符合规定的标准而遭到拒绝。reject后通常只接名词或代词。decline

常常翻译为“辞谢，婉言谢绝”，指有礼貌地、语气委婉地拒绝，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或请求等。

deny

常常作“否认，否定”讲，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句。另外，deny也可作“拒绝给予”讲，这时多接双宾语，即用在deny sb.sth.结构中，并且可以与refuse互换，不过语气要比refuse更坚决。

repel

指“拒绝接受”，甚至含“抵制”的意思，语气比reject强。

It is the stupid who refuse to be taught by mistake.只有蠢人才拒绝从错误中吸取教训。

The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant.病人的身体对心脏移植有排斥反应。

She declined to have lunch with us, saying that she wasn’tfeeling well.她说身体不适而婉言谢绝与我们共进午餐。

He doesn’t dare to deny the charges, does he?他不敢否认这些指控。

embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confuse, bewilder

这组词皆有“使„困惑”的意思，都可作及物动词，常以无生命的词作主语;以有生命的词作主语时，常用被动语态。

embarrass

指“使„困惑，使„窘迫，使„为难”，含有令人不快、为难和内心混乱的意味。

puzzle

意为“使„迷惑”，指某一复杂的事件或困难难于被理解。

perplex

指“使„疑惑”，和puzzle同义，但比puzzle更为庄重，还含有“使„杂乱，使„疑虑，使„不安，使„不知如何决定”的意思。

confuse

指“使„混乱，使„糊涂”，强调使人因混淆而不知所措。

bewilder

“使„混乱，使„着慌，使„发愣”，语气最重，表示糊涂到无法思考的地步。

It embarrasses me even to think about my foolish behavior.哪怕是想一想我愚蠢的行为，我都感到困窘不安。

Her illness has puzzled all the doctors.她的病把所有的医生都难住了。

I have been puzzling my brains about this question for weeks now.对这个问题我已经苦苦思索了几个星期了。

His strange behavior had greatly perplexed her.他奇怪的行为使她大为困惑。

We were perplexed to learn of your decision.我们听说了你们的决定，感到困惑不解。

They asked so many questions that they confused me(that I got confused).他们问了我很多问题，把我都给弄糊涂了。

Don’t confuse Austria with(and)Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。

She was bewildered to find them gone.发现他们已经离去，她愣住了。

choose, select, pick out

这组词皆有“选择”之意。

choose在这三个词中是最常用的，可以表示进行一般的“选择”，有时也可以表示“决择”，它较侧重意志和判断。

select和pickout 而select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中作出选择。

select比 pick out 更为正式，select通常指经过慎重考虑而作出的选择select和choose有时可以通用，主要不同在于：choose往往指以个人的好恶或对个人是否合适为标准来“选择”，而select则更加强调被“选择”的事物在客观上的优劣。

choose有“选定之后就要坚持从事”的意思，而select则没有此意，例如在选择一生的职业、事业及爱人等时，只能用choose而不能用select。

choose一般指在两者之间作出选择，有时也可指在三者之间作出选择。

The samples are for you to choose from.这些样品供你挑选。

Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from model workers.出席大会的大多数人是从工人模范中挑选出来的。

The couples decide to choose gardening as their profession.这对夫妇决定选择园艺作为他们的职业。

Mary spent three hours picking out a red skirt at the store.玛丽花了三个小时在店里挑了一条红裙子。

energy, force, power, strength, vigor, might

这组词都有“力”的意思。

energy

有“力，力量，精力”之意，原是物理学用语，其含义是“能”的意思，用于人时，指人的能力、精力。

force

有“力，力量”和“势力，武力”之意，指运用或发挥出来的力量，着重“力”产生的效果，即使人或物克服阻力，按要求的方向运动，达到一定目的。

power

有“力量，能力，权力”之意，含义广泛，可指内存的或外来的、具体的或抽象的力，可引申为“势力，政权”。

strength

有“力量，体力”之意，指人或物内部存在的力量，除指人身体的力气外，还可指感情、意志、记忆、判断等能力，指物时可指法律、风俗、文笔以及舆论等的力量。该词一般做不可数名词。

vigor

有“活力，力量”之意，侧重生命的活力或生命本身内在的力量，可指“精力，干劲”等，是不可数名词。

might

有“力量，威力”之意，指强有力的、强大的、超人的力量，是不可数名词。

The work took me a lot of energy.这工作花费了我很多精力。

The old man pulled the wagon with all his force.老人用尽全力拉货车。

The man has strong desire for power.这人渴望拥有权力。

These two boys are equal in strength.这两个男孩力气相等。

It is patriotism that gives the vigor of her writings.是爱国主义精神使她的作品充满生命力。