6月份常考经典题型及应对策略

6月份常考经典题型及应对策略（共4篇）

6月份常考经典题型及应对策略 篇1

常考经典题型即应对策略

个人信息表格题型（form-filling）

选择题型(multiple choice)

问答题型(short answer)

一般单句填空题型(sentence completion)

1.个人信息表格题型（form-filling）技巧点拨

法则一：先看横轴，再看纵轴，有标题顺便看标题

目的：对背景做大概分析

法则二：进入表格，猜题定位

采用上看下看左看右看原则，搜索原则/顺序原则/雷达听力法则/关键词原则 法则三：考点以专有名词出现的时候，首字母就要求大写，因此，表格题在答案誊写时应注意在格式上保持一致

2.选择题型(multiple choice)

要解决选择题型一定要把握住它的核心考查方向：Listening Comprehension 雅思听力选择题运用两种策略：

读题的目的是Keywords（关键词）。可以了解题目的内容，明确听题的侧重点。关键词划分两类：题干中的关键词Question KW与选项中的关键词Choices KW加以对应

首先，名词为关键词：因为在放音中不易发生同意转换；

其次，动词为关键词：动词是非常容易被替换的，因此要做好同意转换的准备。选择题部分对应陷阱

常出错的点：

常常出现在选择题的选项中，即出题人故意把录音中的部分信息作为选项给出，尽量听懂整个句子，而不是仅靠几个单词的对应去判断，只有选项和录音里的信息内容完全符合时方为正确。

3.问答题型(short answer)

问答题目：考察内容：文章关键信息的把握

做题技巧：注意文章的4W和1H.抓语篇信息结构

新信息语义中心 解题中心点已知信息

法则一：划出问题中的已知信息关键词和语义中心—疑问代词

法则二：问题的关键词，指称照应和疑问词找语义关联，找问题的同现关系词汇链，构建主体框架。

法则三：听时，紧扣各题的关键词复现效应

法则四：注意speaker 与问题的关键词是否对应

4．一般单句填空题型(sentence completion)

读题法则一：划出核心词汇；对于总结式填空核心词两种：⑴题目中的核心词汇—空前空后都要划（注意特殊符号）。⑵完整行里的线索词—存在完整句子中 读题法则二：边划核心词边猜题—猜词性词义

题法则三：篇章长，先读首尾两句—主题句、预测文章内容。注意内部逻辑关系—递进关系/因果关系/列举关系/转折关系等

注意事项：⑴小心语法现象；⑵核心词在磁带中出现的顺序

三.经典案例分析

1.Accommodation—场景分析

电话询问具体情况为主，考察以下几个部分

地理位置

Location-near the university/

on the bus line/city center/rural area/not near the center, not near the railway station, far from the bus stop, near the airport, noisy insect haunting …metro/tube/subway/underground

租房类型Type-home stay(family stay/host family)

The hall of residence/

Youth hostel/ student hostel Residential college/dormitory/studio/ Bed-sit/flat=apartment

租房房源－

Student accommodation center

Real estate

Housing coordinator

Housing property

Newspaper

Classified advertisements, friends, Renting

内部设施Inner facility-

Double/twin bedroom/single bedroom/

Lounge=living room/garage/triple room/

Study room/ attic/laundry room/entrance hall=porch

Corridor/balcony/

Separate bathroom/games room

内部家居装修Inner Decoration

Fridge/stereo system/micro-wave oven/fully furnished/Partially furnished /furniture Air-conditioner/ coffee maker/ radiator/cupboard

房东、室友landlord/landlady ,roommate/

Flat mate /dorm mate/housemate

关于租金和押金【 Money ：＄￡ 】

Deposit about damage of property

Rent;rental price(expensive;reasonable)

费用： 水电煤气费用，有时包括电话费、光缆使用费。Including water bill/electricity fee/ cable TV

总称为 utilities

租房要求-Requirement:=request

Pets not allowed/

Non smoking/non drinking Carnivore/herbivore/omnivore

Mutton=lamb/beef/pork /

Food allergy

6月份常考经典题型及应对策略 篇2

阅读理解一直是高考英语试题中的“重头戏”, 它不但分值比重大, 难度也高于其他试题。用于测试的英语短文材料主要涉及科普文章、社会知识、史地知识、生活常识、人物介绍、广告启事等。研究分析其命题规律可以看出, 高考英语阅读理解题主要有以下几种测试题型:

一、事实细节题

“事实细节题”常针对文中某句、某段或某一具体细节内容拟题, 考查考生阅读材料与试题是否细致, 常采用what, who, which, when, where, how或why等问句设题, 不少情况下, 稍加分析就可以在文章中找到答案。解答这类试题, 关键是阅读要细心, 明确题意, 顺藤摸瓜, 在所给的材料中寻找答案来源, 通常采用“排除法”便可得出正确答案。例如:

【原文】There are other nonverbal signals that people should be aware of when they go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers.Americans usually feel comfortable when speaking with someone if the distance between them is about eighteen inches to arm's length.Anything closer makes them feel uncomfortable.

【试题】When talking to Americans, you should know that.

A.putting your thumb up is insulting him or her

B.keeping a certain distance from him or her is necessary

C.have a word of praise for him or her is necessary

D.nodding your head up and down means“That's all right”

【解析】事实细节题。B项答案“keeping a certain distance from him or her is necessary”几乎是本段中的“the distance to maintain between speakers”和“the distance between them is about eighteen inches to arm's length”的再现。所给的四个选项中, 只有B项的内容涉及到说话者之间的“距离 (distance) ”, 因此可以采用“排除法”确定本题的正确答案是B项。

二、词义猜测题

“词义猜测题”主要是针对文中某个陌生单词考查考生对于上下文的理解, 这个单词常采用画底线或使用黑体字的形式。另外, “词语指代”也属这个范畴。解答这类试题时, 首先要在文中找出其所在位置, 然后根据上下文来推测该词的实际含义。通常情况下, 词义理解题可以在紧靠该词前后的句子或另一个词语中找出正确答案。这类试题的常规题干是:

1.What does the underlined word mean?

2.The underlined word in the first paragraph means.

请看实例:

【试题】The underlined word“illustrate”in the last paragraph mean“”.

A.suggest B.object

C.advise D.demand

【解析】词义猜测题。These few examples与that your actions can speak louder than your words之间存在“说明, 表明”的关系, 因此应选择A项。

【原文2】He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war.For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart.Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes.He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.

【试题】The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 6refers to the father's.

A.weak heart

B.taking a shore job

C.failure to return to sea

D.injury caused by a torpedo

【解析】代词指代题。在“For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart.”后紧跟的是“Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes.”, 意思是“母亲说它是由鱼雷引起的”, 说明这个it指代的是“weak heart (心脏衰竭) ”。同理, 紧跟在这个句子之后的“He said it was because of the cigarettes.”中这个画线的it指代的也是“weak heart”。因此本题的正确答案是A项。解答这类试题时, 要仔细阅读和推敲前面的句子, 通常情况下, 代词所指代的就是前面句中提到的那个名词。

三、句意理解题

“句意理解题”主要是针对文中某个句子而设置, 常采用画底线或使用黑体字的形式, 要求考生理解文句中的具体信息和概念。解答这类试题时, 首先要在原文找到该句所在的段落, 结合上下文理解句意。句意理解题通常可以通过理解该段落或上下两个段落内容的意思找到正确答案。这类试题的常规题干是:

1. The underlined sentence means that.

2.What does the underlined sentence really mean?

请看实例:

【试题】What does the underlined sentence reallymean?

A.It means floods are the most dangerous natural disasters.

B.It means floods may kill most people if they come.

C.It means most people are killed by terrible weather.

D.It means floods are the most dangerous natural disasters related with weather.

【解析】句意理解题。画线句子的意思是“洪水是与天气相关的灾害中的头号杀手”, 因此, 本题应选D项。A项具有极大的干扰性, 但A项说的是“自然灾害”, 洪水只是其中一种, 例如汶川大地震也属自然灾害这个范畴, 故A项并非正确答案。

四、内容排序题

“内容排序题”考查学生的思维连贯能力。这类试题的主要考查形式是“时间排序”和“动作排序”。“时间排序”主要考查考生对故事或事件中发生及进展时间的观察能力;“动作排序”主要考查考生对文章所提到的多个动作先后顺序的观察能力。解答这类试题时, 关键把握好对文章各个细节发生的先后顺序或不同事物或动作特点的观察, 可使用跳读和快速阅读的方法。为节省解题时间, 我们可以首先定位故事或事件发生和结束的时间。采用这种方法, 我们往往可以“一锤定音”, 即使不能一步就判断出正确答案, 至少也可以排除明显错误的选项。这类试题的常规题干是:

1.Which of the following is the correct order to?

2.What's the correct order (for doing) ?

【原文】F.Scott Fitzgerald, born on September24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St.Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.

His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary:“My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”

This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920.Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing.Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922) , a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922) , and a play The Vegetable (1923) .But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world.Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security.Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.

However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed.By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic.During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934.While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol.Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism.

【试题】Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage?

a.He became addicted to drinking.

b.He studied at St.Paul Academy.

c.He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.

d.The Great Gatsby won high praise.

e.He failed to reorder his life.

f.He joined the army and met Zelda.

【解析】内容排序题。从文章和选项内容可以看出, “在圣保罗学院就读”是菲茨杰拉德的人生起点, 而“变得酗酒成性 (沉溺于酒精) ”是他的人生终结, 定位这两点后就可以看出, 正确答案是D项。

五、数据推算题

“数据推算题”属综合检测, 要求考生就文章中提供的数据及文中其他信息进行计算。解答这类试题时, 要注意综合理解数据与其他相关信息的含义, 不能孤立地看待那些数字, 而且还必须排除文中其他数字的干扰。通常情况下, 就计算本身而言, 难度并不是很大, 不能想得太复杂。这类试题的常规题干是:

1.How much money (do they have to pay for the) ?

2.How many people (were interested in) ?

请看实例:

【原文】Ferry fees (Includes Liberty and EllisIslands) :

◆adults:$7;senior citizens:$6;

◆children (age 3 to 17) :$3.

(Lower group rates are available for 25 or more adults)

【试题】If a couple brought their 5-year-old daughter to visit Ellis Island, the ferry fees would be.

【解析】数据推算题。成人票每张$7, 那么夫妇俩的票价应为$14, 他们5岁女儿的票价为$3, 共计便是$17, 因此本题应选择C项。

六、主旨大意题

“主旨大意题”属综合检测, 考查考生对于整篇文章或文章中某一段内容基本观点和阐述内容的整体理解, 检测考生能否依据文章内容理解作者的意图、观点或态度等。解答这类试题时, 理解每段的主题句尤为重要, 抓住主题句, 就不难确定文章的主旨大意或最佳标题。有的文章, 首句能体现主旨内容, 但也有些文章并非如此。要注意首句后是否又有but或however等转折词语, 尤其要注意不能只见树木而不见森林。还有一点也特别重要, 解答这类题只能以原文中作者的观点为依据, 切不能以自己的观点来替代作者的观点。这类试题的常规题干是:

1.What is the main idea of this passage?

2.What does the passage mainly talk about?

3.What does the writer want to tell us?

4.What is the reason forbased on?

5.What does this passage mainly discuss?

6.What's the main purpose of the passage?

7. The best title for this text is.

8.The author's purpose of writing this text is to.

请看实例:

【原文】Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings.What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains?The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival.Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

【试题】What is the reason for exploring spacebased on Paragraph 2?

A.Humans are nature-born to do so.

B.Humans have the tendency to fight.

C.Humans may find new sources of food.

D.Humans don't like to stay in the same place.

【解析】主旨大意题。段首的“Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings.”和段尾的“Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.”表明探索宇宙的主要原因在于人类基因, 因此应选择A项。

七、推理判断题

“推理判断题”属综合检测, 难度较大, 主要考查考生根据文章的某段或全篇内容进行相关的分析、推理、判断和引申能力。解答这类试题时, 要根据文中的客观事实, 在认真思考后进行逻辑推理, 然后得出结论。在这类题中, 有些也并非很难, 在理解文章内容的基础上, 再根据社会常识或生活常识进行分析推理便能得出正确答案。

1.What can you conclude from this passage?

2.Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

5.Which of the following is true EXCEPT?

6.What's the writer's attitude towards?

7. We can infer from the passage that.

8. The author suggests that.

9.In Paragraph 2, the writer uses the example to show that.

10.According to the third paragraph, thethink that.

请看实例:

【原文】In social life, time plays a very important part.In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party reaches them only three or four days before the party date.But it is not true in all countries.In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.

【试题】The author suggests that dinner invitation cards should be sent three or four days before the party date.

A.in all cultures

B.in all countries

C.in some cultures

D.in Latin American countries

【解析】推理判断题。各个国家的风俗习惯不同, 发送请帖的时间自然也就不同, 此为常识, 即使没看懂原文, 甚至不看原文, 本题的正确答案也只可能是C项。

综上可以看出, 解答英语阅读理解试题, 既要注意理解文章中某词、某句、某段的字面含义, 掌握文章中的详细事实与细节, 也要理解作者的态度、观点、意图等, 理顺事实间的逻辑关系, 从而据理分析判断, “挖出”其深层含义。

解答阅读理解题的方法因文而异、因题而异、因人而异。通常情况下, 文章若难, 题目则稍易, 反过来, 文章若易, 题目则稍难。根据文章的不同类型和难易程度, “先看文章后看题”和“先看题后看文章”的方法都是可取的。例如, 如果文章是广告启事类的, 我们可以先看题目, 然后根据题目要求在文中“定位目标”, 这样既可以做到“有的放矢”, 也可以有效节省时间。

下面请看2012年部分省市高考英语阅读理解的解题综合分析。

一2012年湖南卷A篇

What makes a gift special?Is it the price you see on the gift receipt?Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value?What gift is worth the most?

This Christmas I was debating what to give my fa-ther.My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked.The message was from my father.My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming, and underneath a poem by William Blake.The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me.My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid.That may even be the reason why I love writing.I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.

I called back.I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift.I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it.As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind.The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe;my dad recited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture.The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream.As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.

Christmas soon arrived.The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.

56.The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was.

A.doing shopping

B.having a debate

C.reading a message

D.leaving for Wyoming

57.The author's inspiration for the gift came from.

A.a photo of a flower

B.a story about a kid

C.a call from the mother

D.a text about Christmas

58.The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 3refers to a poem by.

A.the fatherB.the author

C.William Blake D.Edgar Allan Poe

59.The author made the gift by.

A.searching for the poems online

B.drawing the background by hand

C.painting the letters in three colors

D.matching the words with pictures

60.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To show how to design images for gifts.

B.To suggest making gifts from one's heart.

C.To explain how computers help create gifts.

D.To describe the gifts the author has received.

【文章大意】

什么是最珍贵的礼物?是价值越高就越好吗?不然。作者通过讲述给自己父亲送礼物这件事告诉我们:用“肺腑之言”制作的礼物最珍贵!

【答案详解】

56.C。事实细节题。从第二段第2句的内容可以看出, 作者翻看母亲发来的信息时, 偶然看到了储存在手机里父亲曾发给他的信息, 而正是这个信息的内容使他确定了要给父亲送什么样的礼物, 此时他还没有去“shop”, 与“leave for Wyoming”和“having a debate”也无关, 因此答案是C项。

57.A。事实细节题。题目中的inspiration (灵感) 是第二段中 (The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me.) inspire的名词形式, 定位这一点, 便可知A项是正确答案。

58.D。代词指代题。根据常识可知, 代词it指代其前最近的名词。根据第三段“The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe;my dad recited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well”的内容可以看出, 这个“it”指代的是Edgar Allan Poe写的那首诗。

59.D。事实细节题。题目中的matching the words with pictures是第三段中的“searched online for a background to the words of it.以及after searching I found the perfect picture.”的再现, 表示作者采用的是“图文配”这种形式。

60.B。主旨大意题。第一段设问“什么礼物最珍贵”, 作者的亲身体验是:用“肺腑之言”制作的礼物最珍贵!

二2012年山东卷A篇

The Pacific Island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.

For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.

However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1, 400 to 900.

Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐) on the island.In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.

A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip-mining totally destroys the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.

In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.

Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433, 600, 000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.

56.What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?

A.To seek help for Nauru's problems.

B.To give a warning to other countries.

C.To show the importance of money.

D.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.

57.What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?

A.Rich and powerful.

B.Modern and open.

C.Peaceful and attractive.

D.Greedy and aggressive.

58.The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from.

A.soil pollution

B.phosphate over mining

C.farming activity

D.whale hunting

59.Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?

A.Its leaders misused the money.

B.It spent too much repairing the island.

C.Its phosphate mining cost much money.

D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.

60.What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?

A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair.

B.The leaders will take the experts'words seriously.

C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.

D.The phosphate mines were destroyed.

【文章大意】

太平洋岛国瑙鲁曾经是一个美丽富饶的海岛, 但是, 由于内战和岛上磷酸盐矿的过度开采, 造成现在正面临着一场生态灾难。瑙鲁岛的悲剧提醒其他国家要引以为戒。

【答案详解】

56.B。主旨大意题。第一段Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.表明了作者的写作意图, 认为瑙鲁的故事可以让其他国家从他们的错误中学到一些东西, 即起到“警示其他国家”的作用。

57.C。事实细节题。题目中选项C的“Peaceful and attractive.”就是文中“The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.”及“He called the island Pleasant Island.”等内容的相同表达:瑙鲁以前是一个宁静迷人的海岛。

58.B。事实细节题。第五段中的“Strip-mining totally destroys the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.”表明“瑙鲁岛上的生态灾难是因为对磷酸盐的过度开采造成的”。

59.A。事实细节题。题目中选项“Its leaders misused the money.”是第七段中“Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollar.”的“浓缩”表达。领导人投资的不明智, 加上还要把更多的钱用在个人消费上, 所以导致了财政问题, 即:瑙鲁的领导人滥用了资金。

60.A。事实细节题。题目中选项“The ecological damage is difficult to repair.”几乎是最后一段中“Experts say that it would take approximately$433, 600, 000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.”的原文再现 (尤其是to repair) , 意思是:瑙鲁的生态灾难几乎很难恢复。

三2012年陕西卷B篇

Three Boys and a Dad

Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother.Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favorite TV talk show on his first day off in months.“This will be like a walk in the park, ”he'd told his wife.“I'll look after the kids, and you can go to visityour mom.”

Things started well, but just after eight o'clock, his three little“good kids”—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted“breakfast, daddy.”When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex's head as if it were a drum.Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat (节拍) .Mike chanted“Where's my toast, where's my toast”in the background.Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.

Life became worse after breakfast.Mike wore Randy's underwear on his head.Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants.Nobody could find clean socks, although they were before their very eyes.Someone named“Not Me”had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes.Brad knew the talk show had already started.

By ten o'clock, things were out of control.Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter.Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his color pencils.Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room, but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands.Brad realized that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.

At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre (日托所) .“I suddenly have to go into work and mywife's away.Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes?”The answer was obviously“yes”because Brad was smiling.

49.When his wife left home, Brad expected to.

A.go out for a walk in the park

B.watch TV talk show with his children

C.enjoy his first day off work

D.read the newspaper to his children

50.Which of the following did Randy do?

A.Drawing on the wall.B.Eating apple jam.

C.Feeding the fish.D.Reading in a room.

51.Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help?

A.Because he wanted to clean up his house.

B.Because he suddenly had to go to his office.

C.Because he found it hard to manage his boys.

D.Because he had to take his wife back home.

52.This text is developed.

A.by space B.by comparison

C.by process D.by time

【文章大意】

妻子回娘家去了, 留下丈夫照看三个淘气的小家伙。他原以为这个活儿就好似闲庭散步, 可结果是:家里的一切都乱套了……

【答案详解】

49.C。事实细节题。可以根据第一段第2句“Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favorite TV talk show on his first day off in months.”的内容直接确定。

50.B。事实细节题。选项B可以从第四段第4句“Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room, but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands.”中直接找到。

51.C。推理判断题。通读全文可知, Brad打电话给日托所的原因是他照顾不了三个淘气的小家伙, C项表达的正是这个意思。

52.D。推理判断题。通读全文可以看出“after eight o'clock;By ten o'clock, ;At exactly11:17”是“按时间顺序”进行描述的。

四2012年福建卷C篇

Finally, a cell phone

That'sa phone

With rates as low as$3.75 per week!

“Well, I finally did it.I finally decided to enterthe digital age and get a cell phone.My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind.The phones all have cameras, computers and a global-positioning something or other that's supposed to spot me from space.Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids!The people at the store weren't much help.They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp.And the rate plans!They were confusing, and expensiveand the contract (合同) lasted for two years!I'd almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone.Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touchwith a phone I can actually use.”

Affordable plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign (签订) !Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense.Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use?And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone.Best of all, there is no contract to sign, so I'm not locked in for years at a time.The US-based customer service is second to none.And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.

Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order.Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just return it!Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box.If you aren't as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back.Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.

Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www.jitlerbugdirect.com.

63.What made“I”finally think of getting a cell phone?

A.Being stuck by the highway.

B.Being urged by his grandkids.

C.Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons.

D.Being attracted by the friendly return policy.

64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about.

A.$3.75 B.$4.99

C.$14.99 D.$19.99

65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is.

A.its discount price with a free gift

B.its reasonable rate plans without a contract

C.its“global-positioning”system with 911 access

D.its good customer service all over the world

66.The main purpose of the passage is to.

A.tell a customer's story of Jitterbug

B.provide two ways to order Jitterbug

C.give a brief introduction of Jitterbug

D.attract potential customers to Jitterbug

本文是一则构思新颖的广告, 通过所谓的“作者自己”被困在高速路上后决定买Jitterbug手机的经历以及介绍Jitterbug手机特殊之处和订购优惠, 来吸引更多的消费者来购买Jitterbug手机。

【答案详解】

63.A。事实细节题。根据第一个标题中开头的内容“I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone.My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway.”可以确定:是因为“在高速路被困”才产生购买手机的念头。

64.B。数据计算题。根据题目信息, 并综合表格中第一行和第二行的信息可知, 每个月是$19.99, 每个月有4周, 19.99÷4=4.99, 因此本题答案为B项。

65.B。事实细节题。第二个标题后的“Afford-able plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign.”与B项表达的意思相同:购买Jitterbug手机的优点是无需签约。

66.D。主旨大意题。阅读全文, 尤其是文章最后关于“购买手机的优惠条件”等内容表明, 本文的主要目的是通过“作者购买手机的经历、介绍手机的特殊之处、订购优惠条件、介绍联系方式”等来吸引更多的顾客购买Jitterbug手机。

五2012年浙江卷C篇

Two friends have an argument that breaks up theirfriendship forever, even though neither one can remem-ber how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?

First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱) .For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.

Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) :stay calm.Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.

After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution;listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position.Then the two people should change roles.

Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing.This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.

There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom;75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation;and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves.”Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers.In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

50.This article is mainly about.

A.the lives of school children

B.the cause of arguments in schools

C.how to analyze youth violence

D.how to deal with school conflicts

51.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that.

A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime

B.a small conflict can lead to violence

C.students tend to lose their temper easily

D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight

52.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?

A.To find out who to blame.

B.To get ready to buy new things.

C.To make clear what the real issue is.

D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.

53.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that.

A.there was a decrease in classroom violence

B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom

C.more teachers fell better about themselves in schools

D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved

54.The writer's purpose for writing this article is to.

A.complain about problems in school education

B.teach students different strategies for school life

C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools

D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence

在学校里, 同学们之间发生矛盾和冲突在所难免, 本文就这个问题进行了分析, 并提供了一些有效的应对策略。

【答案详析】

50.D。主旨大意题。阅读全文内容后, 我们可以看出文章主要说的是同学们之间不可避免地会发生矛盾和冲突, 以及如何处理校园冲突的方法策略等。

51.B。推理判断题。根据对第二段内容, 尤其是其中“Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.”这个句子的理解可以看出, 一个小小的三明治都可以引起学生发生矛盾, 由此可以推断:一个小小的冲突会导致出现暴力事件。

52.C。事实细节题。第五段第3句“It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.”的意思表明, 学生之所以应该亲自问一问那些问题, 是因为这样便可“弄清真正的问题是什么以及双方试图达到什么目标”, 与C项的“To make clear what the real issue is.”的意思吻合。

53.A。事实细节题。最后一段第2句“64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom;”的意思表明“教室里的身体暴力冲突事件减少了”, 与A项“there was a decrease in classroom violence”的意思吻合。

54.C。主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段, 尤其是该段中的最后一句“Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?”的意思可知, 作者撰写本文的目的是“提倡学校进行矛盾处理教育”。

6月份常考经典题型及应对策略 篇3

☆ 做阅读题必须有四种意识：

1、文体意识：根据文章的不同体裁去答题

2、语境意识：联系文章中心和上下文答题

3、文本意识：坚信一切答案可以在文章中找到，答题不能脱离文本

4、题目意识：注意答在问中，从问题中找命题意图和答题要点和要求，注意按分值答题 ☆做阅读题的流程：

1、速读，确定体裁和中心

2、初看题目，明要求，再通读原文

3、依据要求，确定有效阅读区域，反复斟酌，并作答

4、复查，是否按照要求作答，是否表述明确。

记叙文（散文、小说）阅读常考题型及答题技巧

考点一：把握文章内容，概括文章所写事件

常考题型：阅读全文，概括文章写了关于谁的几件事/一件事。或者“简要概括这篇文章的主要内容” 答题技巧：文段中事例的概括：

①必须包括两个要素：人物＋事情； “谁做了什么”或“谁怎么样“ ②其他要素如：时间（季节、年代）、地点、环境如果有特定意义，也应概括在内。可用这样的模式： “什么人”+“在什么情况下+”“做什么事”+“什么结果”

考点二：品味题目

常考题型：

①为什么以此为题？ ②谈谈你对题目的理解。③试分析题目的作用。

④给文章加（换）题目。答题技巧：文章的标题是“文眼”，统帅全文。它的作用主要有概括主要故事情节、文章的线索、揭示文章的中心、点明写作对象等作用。答题技巧：

（1）先看题目本义：

词语含义 概括内容（点明写作内容如主要事件人物等）（2）再思考深层含义：

中心（主旨）：与中心的关系（揭示了，点明了）

人物：与人物关系（表现人物性格；表明作者情感；是作者感情触发点）结构：线索、悬念 表现手法：象征（3）最后分析其效果：

运用比喻、化用诗词、引用歌词、一语双关等

生动形象、新颖含蓄、言简意丰、发人深思、引起阅读兴趣等（议论文的题目一般点明论点或论题；说明文常点明说明对象或特征）可以从— A内容上 B主题上 C线索D设置悬念上等方面进行品味。

示例：（1）主题上结合中心必答，如象征性的散文题目，也可以这样回答：拟题巧妙，一语双关，本指„„

实指„„，突出主题，耐人寻味。

（2）说明文：用了什么修辞手法，生动形象说明了„„„，点明了本文说明的主要内容，点明了本文说明对象。

考点三：记叙线索及作用

常考题型：这篇文章的线索是什么？

答题技巧：线索种类：物线、事线、人线、感情线、时间线、地点线、见闻线等。线索判断技巧：A看题目，B看议论抒情句，C看多次出现的字眼

作用：线索是贯穿全文的脉络，把文中的人物和事件有机地连在一起，使文章条 理清楚、层次清晰。

考点四：描写的种类及作用

常考题型：某句话或某段采用了什么描写？有什么作用？ 答题技巧：必须了解的几种描写形式

（1）从不同的感觉来描写（视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、触觉）（2）以动衬静，动静结合（3）正面与侧面，直接与间接（4）人物描写的多种方法 种类：一是人物描写：

A、正面描写（1）肖像描写（2）外貌描写（3）神态描写（4）动作描写

（5）语言（对话）描写（7）心理描写 作用是：突出人物的性格特征和作品主题。

B、侧面描写 作用是：衬托了人物某种思想感情或某种性格特征。

二是环境描写：

分社会环境描写自然环境描写。重点了解几种描写的作用及答题格式：

①肖像（外貌）描写[包括神态描写]（描写人物容貌、衣着、神情、姿态等）：交代了人物的××身份、××地位、××处境、经历以及××心理状态、××思想性格等情况。②语言（对话）描写和行动（动作）描写：形象生动地表现出人物的××心理（心情），并反映了人物的××性格特征或××精神品质。有时还推动了情节的发展。

③心理描写：形象生动地反映出人物的××思想，揭示了人物的××性格或者××品质。

④环境描写：自然环境描写和社会环境描写

A、自然环境（描写自然景观如人物活动的时间、地点、天气、季节和景物场景）：交代故事发生的时间、地点及人物活动的空间，渲染××环境气氛、烘托人物的××情感、预示人物的××命运、表现人物某性格、推动故事情节的发展；揭示文章主题。

B、社会环境（描写社会状况或者人物活动的场景和周围（室内）的布局、陈设）：交代故事发生的××时代背景、时代特征、社会习俗、思想观念和人与人之间的关系，渲染××环境气氛。衬托人物心情，推动情节发展，深化主题，揭示人物性格和命运产生的原因。

考点五：分析人物形象

常考题型：阅读全文，请概括某人的性格特点(特征）。/简要说说文中的母亲是一位什么样的母亲。答题技巧：

从两个方面入手：

一是通过分析典型事例来理解人物形象；

二是通过对人物描写（外貌描写、动作描写、心理描写、语言描写、肖像描写等）方法的 分析来把握人物的思想性格。要分析直接描写、侧面描写、细节描写。答案可以这样组成：由文中××（言或行）表现该人物××的精神（品质性格思想个性）。

考点六：分析句子或语段的作用

常考题型：请分析某段（某句话）在全文中的作用

答题技巧：评价某语段或某句话在文中的作用，可从内容和结构两方面进行分析。（1）内容上：结合文段（文句）内容概括即可。

点明中心(主旨)、升华主题、画龙点睛、表达了作者的思想感情等作用。（2）在结构上 ：

在文章开头：总领全文、引出下文等作用

在文章中间：承接上文，引出下文 ；承上启下（过渡）；为后文作铺垫、埋下伏笔

在文章结尾：总结上文、照应开头、戛然而止，意味绵长，发人深思、升华主题、卒章点 题，意味深长等

考点七：品味句子或语段

常考题型：结合语境，对下列句子作简要赏析。

答题技巧：最好找词语点评或整体点评：即怎样写、写得怎样和写出什么、给读者怎样的感受或表达了作者怎样的情感或效果。

类型

1、分析某个加点词语的表达效果

对策：（1）了解用词之美：动词形容词精辟准确，把事物说得形象具体；

使用成语，为文章增色；关键词能点明中心。

（2）掌握答题技巧：把握词语的比喻义、引伸义、双关义。如阿来的《词典的故事》中“营业员脸上显出了更多的怜悯，这位阿姨甚至因此变得漂亮起来”。“漂亮”一词就要从它的引伸意义去答题，它不是指阿姨一下子好看起来，而是反映出阿姨的怜悯使我对阿姨产生好感的内心活动

类型2：找出文中你最喜欢的句子，并说说理由。

对策：（1）了解语言美的几种形式及作用 ①修辞之美------修辞要领及作用：

答题套路：这句话运用了XX的修辞手法，生动形象地写出了„„表现了„„。（修辞手法+内容+作用）

注意：在写作时必得结合文章的具体内部实质意义来写，否则就会很空。

附：常见的几种修辞手法的抒发作用

（1）比喻：形象活泼、简洁凝练地描写物质、讲解道理，增强语言的活泼性、形象性、化抽象为具体，使人易于理解。

（2）拟人：付与物质以人的性格、思惟、感情和动作，使物人格化，使之更形象，从而到达形象活泼的效果。

（3）夸张：凸起特征，揭示素质，给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。

（4）排比：条理清晰，节奏鲜明，增强语势，长于抒情，使语言更有表现力，更有气魄。（5）对偶：使句式整洁，结构一致，形式柔美，音韵，互相衬映，互为增补。

（6）重复：强调某种意思，更能凸起文章主题，观点鲜明。抒情强烈，富有感染力。（7）设问：自问自答，引人注意，启发思考。（8）反诘：态度鲜明，加强语气，强烈抒情。

（9）引用：使内部实质意义更真实、准确、深刻、紧密。

（10）对比：形成强烈反差，加强读者的印象，凸起文章的中心。②句式之美------如骈句、长短句、对偶句、也有排比句，还有运用一组关联词语的句子等等。（作用：句式不同，表达的效果就不同。疑问句造成悬念，感叹句便于抒情；反问句加强语气语调引人深思；排比句叠句气势磅礴、层层深入；对偶句铿锵凝练，重复余韵悠然，也可以从灵活多变、富有表现力等方面去品味其妙处）

③哲理之美———形象而含蓄，具有言外之意，富有哲理的句子。这些句子一般在文章的开头结尾。（作用：可以给人以启迪教育作用。）

④内容之美———内容丰富题材新颖又与中心连接紧密的句子。（作用：全面新颖，能很好地为中心服务。）

（2）注意答题格式：我喜欢xx句，因为它xx。

考点八：分析写作手法及作用

常考题型：某段（文）采用了什么写法？有什么作用？ 答题技巧：常见写作手法及作用如下：

（1）象征手法： „„象征„„，表达了„„的情感，增强了文章的表现力。

（2）对比手法 ：通过对比，突出事物或描写对象的特点，更好地表现了文章的主题。（3）讽刺手法。运用比喻、夸张等手段和方法对人或事物进行揭露、批判和嘲笑，加强深刻性和批判性，使语言辛辣幽默。

（4）欲扬先抑和先扬后抑。先贬抑再大力颂扬所描写的对象，上下文形成对比，突出所写的对象，收到出人意料的感人效果。

（5）衬托（侧面烘托）手法和正面描写。以次要人或事物衬托主要的人或事物，突出主要的人或事物的特点、性格、思想、感情等。

（6）前后照应（首尾呼应）使情节完整、结构严谨、中心突出。（7）设置悬念能引起读者注意，引出文章的说明内容等。（8）文章开篇的常见写作手法有：

A、可以用诗经里的赋比兴手法。比如说，兴，是先言他物的。B、也可以用引用的手法。如名句、箴言之类的

C、也可以先声夺人，用一系列的排比句，气势强烈„„ D、或是采用题记的方法。显得隽永深刻，又有文采

E、开头用景物描写也不错，渲染你所需要的气氛和基调。F、开门见山。G、倒叙开头

（9）文章末尾的常见写作手法有：

A、抒情议论结尾，画龙点睛，点明主旨。（又称卒章显志）B、出人意料，又合乎情理 C、戛然而止，发人深省

考点九：分析加点词语或句子的含义

常考题型：结合语境，理解下列句子中加点词语的含义。/如何理解某句话的含义。答题技巧：对重要加点词语的考查

所谓的“重点词语”，指的是含有多个义项的词语、在句子中有特定含义的词语、有指代作用的词语、起修饰限定作用的词语等。

1、理解词语的含义

中考对词语含义的考查往往不直接考词语的字面义。解答此类试题应注意以下几点： ①通读全文，把握主旨。其实不单单是做词语含义理解题，做任何题的前提都是把全文仔细阅读一遍，把握住文章主旨再去做题才能有的放矢。

②依据语感揣摩词义，结合上下文，联系语境辨别、验证。同一词语在不同语言环境下有时其含义不同，因此，解释词语含义一定要结合具体的语言环境。如重庆中考试题：揣摩“这个神秘的精灵就完成了一次生命的变异”中加点词语的含义。这里的“变异”是个遗传学术语，但在这个具体的语境中，就只能理解为“蚕由蛹变成蛾的过程”。很明显，联系上下文内容去解释这个词语要容易多了。③结合修辞手法理解词语含义。④结合作者的情感倾向理解词语。

2、理解句子的含义

这类试题一般会选择那些有丰富内涵的句子或结构复杂的句子来设题。如重庆中考试题：如何理解第④段划线句“这只蝶使我的思绪得以穿过虚与实的空间”的含义。这个句子单从字面上我们是无论如何也找不到答案的。

回答这类题应注意：

① 内涵丰富的句子要在联系上下文的基础上，弄清使用了何种修辞手法，用化虚为实的方法理解；结构复杂的句子要采用紧缩的方法，去掉附加成分，抓住主干。② ②句不离段，即参照本段的中心意思去理解句子。如果所考查的句子就是本段的中心句，那么理解了本段的意思，再难理解的句子也能迎刃而解。

③ 根据句子的位置理解句子含义。总结句有总括全段或全文的作用，理解它要从上文找答案；过渡句既总结上文，又领起下文，理解它就要前后结合；起始句总领下文，理解它可先理解下文。

④ 理解句子的修饰、限定成分。修饰、限定成分常常能帮助我们打开理解句子的窗口，从中挖掘出句子的深层含义。

解释句子可采用如下几种方法：

① 借用法：即借用原文中具有相似意义的句子。

② 裁剪法：将分散在文章中有用的句子拼接融合在一起。

③ 压缩法：把和语句有关的大段文字压缩整理，用规范的语言表述出来。

④ 阐释法：有些题目要求结合自己的实际谈理解看法，这要紧扣文章主旨和语段的中心意思去举例子。

考点十：文段（各种文体）中指代词指代对象的判断：

常考题型：文中某句中的“这”指代什么？ 答题技巧：

① 常考的指代词有：这、那、这些个、那些、其他、以上、云云、此„„； ② 通常为往前找前一句或前一段

③ 找到后，将找到的内容放在指代词所在句中读一读，看是不是适合。

考点十一：记叙的人称及作用

常考题型：选文某人称来写有什么好处？ 答题技巧：

（1）第一人称：以“我”的口吻或者角度记叙。确定是笔者本人，作用：便于直抒胸臆，读来有亲和力和真实感。

（2）第三人称：以第三的地位叙述文章中的人物、事件、场景等。作用：不受时空限制，可以从多方面叙述。

（3）注意：有的文章中运用了第二人称代词，一般可能是出现在用第一人称或第三人称的叙述里，实际上仍是站在第一人称或是第三人称的角度写的。作用：可以增强文章的抒情性和亲和力，便于感情的交流。

考点十二：开放性阅读试题

常考题型：

① 要求根据选文材料谈看法、感触感染和启示； ② 结合实际阐述对选文内部实质意义的理解； ③ 对文中的人物进行评说；

④ 根据生活经验，判断好坏，对选文材料谈自己的见解；

⑤ 调动知识的堆集，考查选文材料由内向外的延伸和课本外与内的接合（如理解选文涉及的重要作家作品、作品中的文学典型、著名的句子等）； ⑥ 发挥联想、想象补写有关内部实质意义； ⑦ 对文中的表现手法或美点进行赏析。答题技巧：这种试题实际就是要考查学生对选文内容实质意义或重要句子的感悟能力。要求学生把阅读与生活、阅读与写作、阅读与进修要领、阅读与创新有机地结合起来。

答题套路： 这一类型的题目它都会要求考生“谈谈你的看法”，“你认为„„”只要切合文题要求，所谈内部实质意义言之成理即可得分。

（1）抒发时最好要有标志性语言。在答题时可以用“我认为„„”"比如„„”等标志性语言。先用“我认为„„。”言简意赅地表白自己的观点。

（2）再用“比如”、“例如”之类的词语，运用举例论证或道理论证来支撑自己的观点。这样不仅给阅卷老师留下观点鲜明之感，而且给人以条理清楚，论证有力的良好印象。（3）抒发内部实质意义要紧跟时代步伐，贴近生活实际。（4）要有正确的人生观、价值观。（5）语言要通顺，抒发要流畅

说明文阅读常考题型及答题技巧

考点一：把握说明对象的特征，概括说明内容

常考题型：本文某个说明对象的特征是什么？/简要概括文章说明的主要内容。答题技巧：说明对象的特征的归纳。

① 注意标题中的修饰性词语。如《雄伟的人民大会堂》《巍巍中山陵》，标题中的修饰语就是说明对象的特征。

② 文章的开头部分。如《松鼠》的开头“漂亮”“驯良”“乖巧”即为说明对象的特征。③ 分散在各段中，要求学生抓住最能揭示说明对象的本质的词语进行归纳提取。概括方法:说明中心=说明对象+特征。(对说明中心的概括，语言要简明扼要。)考点二：理清说明顺序

常考题型：本文主要采用了什么说明顺序？/某段的说明顺序是什么？

答题技巧：说明文有三大说明顺序：

空间顺序：按事物的空间位置，即事物的表里、上下、前后、左右、位置和方位等来进行说明。这种顺序多用于说明相对静止的事物、建筑物的结构和介绍参观建筑物的过程之类的文章。多用表空间方位的词语。时间顺序：多用于说明实体事物的建造过程、产品的生产过程、事物的发展演变过程。多用表时间的词语。逻辑顺序：按事物的推理过程及人们对事物规律的认识和运用的顺序去说明事理、布局文章。用于介绍事物的性质、种类、原理功用和解释事理本质。一般为：① 从现象到本质(或从本质到现象)；② 从原因到结果(或从结果到原因)；③ 从特点到用途(或从用途到特点)； ④ 从整体到部分(或从部分到整体)；⑤ 从概括到具体(或从具体到概括)；⑥从主要到次要(或从次要到主要)；

考点三：辨析说明方法及作用

常考题型：某段画线句用了什么说明方法？其作用是什么？

答题技巧：常见的说明方法有：下定义、分类别、举例子、打比方、列数字、作比较、作诠释、画图表等。八种说明方法的作用及答题格式如下：

①下定义（这句话运用了下定义的说明方法，用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

②分类别（这句话运用了分类别的说明方法，分类说明了„„，把事物说明得一清二楚，有条理，让读者更清楚）

③举例子（这句话运用了举例子的说明方法通过具体、有代表性的例子，准确具体地说明„„的特征，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。）

④ 打比方（这句话运用了打比方的说明方法将„„比作„„，从而形象生动的说明了„„的特征。）

⑤ 列数字（这句话运用了列数字的说明方法运用列数字，从数量上准确说明了„„的特征。）⑥

作比较（这句话运用了做比较的说明方法把„„和„„比较，具体形象地说明了„„的特征。）⑦ 作诠释：（这句话运用了作诠释的说明方法，对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。）⑧ 画图表：（运用了画图表的说明方法，使读者一目了然，非常直观形象地说明的事物的××特点。）注意：①重点掌握前六种说明方法。②任何一种的说明方法都是为了更好地说明说明对象的特征。③有时候一句话中不止用了一种说明方法，要找全。

考点四：体会说明文语言的准确性

常考题型：某个词语能否删掉？为什么？ /某个加点的词语有什么作用？/能否把某个词换用为某个词？

答题技巧：同其他文体的文章相比，说明文更要求语言的准确，即一定要符合客观实际。说明事物要求在时间、空间、数字、范围、程度等方面都要准确无误。在准确的前提下，语言风格可以平平实实，也可以活泼生动。

表示程度：很，更最，极，十分，非常，格外，相当，比较，稍微，至少 表示范围：都，总共，一共，只，仅，主要

表示时间：已经，曾经，刚刚，将要，常常，老是，终于

表示估计：也许，大概，可能，或许 表示数量：很多，许多，不少，少数 表示语气不肯定：据说

答题格式：某个词语能否删掉？为什么？ 答：①表态（删还是不删）。②定性，某词在程度/状态/性质/范围上加以限制/强调/说明，如：“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞；“大约”“可能”“左 右”等表估计，“多”“有余”等表数量。③若删去，原来什么样的意思就变成了什么样的意思了，与实际/原意不符/,不准确/不严密/不科学。④xx词体现了语言的准确性、周密性、科学性。例：“赵州桥的桥面几乎与河面平行”中的“几乎”能否删去？为什么？某个加点的词语有什么作用？答：准确/生动形象/ 地说明了事物“„„”的特征/事理。能否把某个词换用为某个词？

答：①不可以。②原词的意思或内容。③所换词语的意思或内容。④换了后意思有何改变，与不符合实际。

考点五：说明文的语言品析

常考题型：本文的语言有何特点？

答题技巧：对整篇文章语言的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确平实；B、形象生动 A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对科学小品文类的说明文。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择具体句子为例。

格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了说明文语言准确简明平实/生动形象/的特点，如“„„”一句，就准确（简明平实）/（生动形象）地说明了事物“„„”的特征（事理），考点六：拓展：提出说明文说明的问题的解决办法

常考题型：

①应如何正确看待或防范“„„”﹖请你略作分析。②从上文对“„„”的说明中，你能得到什么启示﹖

③针对文中所提到的“„„”问题，请你提出几条合理的建议。

答题技巧：这种题型的特点是：开放性强，要求针对文中所说明的某种现象或某个问题，提出合理的解决办法或应对措施。解答这种题型的方法有：

① 在原文中寻找答案。作者有时会在文中提出解决问题的具体措施的。我们可以直接摘录这些句子答题。

② 根据问题产生的原因去提建议。在说明文中，一般情况下都会对所说明的某种现象或某个问题产生的原因进行分析，针对这些原因去提建议会更加准确、快捷。③ 依照常识回答。我们依据所掌握的常识回答就可以了。

议论文阅读常考题型及答题技巧

考点一：寻找或提炼论点。

常考题型：在这篇文章中作者提出了什么观点？/ 本文的中心论点是什么？

答题技巧：论点应该是明确的判断，是作者看法的完整陈述。在形式上，它应该是完整的句子。论点不能是疑问句，不能只有一个短语，不能使用比喻。

找准论点的方法：一看题目，二看开头，三看结尾，四看中间，五自己归纳。但它的位置通常在标题和开头，答题时应首先考虑。

考点二：论点的提出方法及作用

常考题型：本文开头引用名言或某个故事或某种生活现象有什么作用？

答题技巧 ：议论文常见开头的形式及作用

总体上说，议论文开头提出论点的方式分为两大类： 直接式，即开门见山，提出中心论点。

间接式，从故事、名言、工作生活中的某一现象等引出论点。考试时基本上是考查间接提出中心论点的作用。基本作用分析如下： ①针对现实中某种现象（或事例或观点）进行分析，然后提出论点（或提出论题），作用：引出中心论点；论点具有很强的现实针对性。（常考）

②引用名言提出论点或论题，作用：引出中心论点；名言又是证明论点的道理论据。（常考）③由某个故事或事例引出论点或论题，作用：引出中心论点；故事和事例又是证明论点的事实论据；激发读者的阅读兴趣。（常考）

④用生动的比喻引出论点，作用：引出论点；激发读者的阅读兴趣，又能把抽象的道理形象化，便于读者接受。（了解）

⑤用设问提出问题，作用：引出论点（或论题）；引起读者思考。（了解）

考点三：归纳概括论据及作用

常考题型：某段举了那些事例？有什么作用？ 答题技巧：议论文的论据有两种类型：事实论据和道理论据，它们的的作用都是证明中心论点或分论点。概括论据的基本模式是：谁+干什么+结果怎样

考点四：补充论据。

常考题型：结合平时的积累，请你再举一个例子或名言来证明作者的某个观点。

答题技巧：这是近年来常见的题型，看起来要求比较宽泛，但补写的论据也要求典型，有代表性，说服力强。要答好这类题，需要平时留心生活，多读书多积累。①补充事实论据时，要选择真实而典型的事例，概括叙述，紧扣论点。所选事实和观点要统一，否则就失去了事实论据的说服力。②补充道理论据时，要引用具有权威性的名言警句、诗文名句或格言、俗语等。引用时要完整准确，不可张冠李戴，不可断章取义。③如果有字数要求要遵守，不可超过字数规定。

考点五：辨析论证方法及作用

常考题型：某段主要运用了什么论证方法？运用这种论证方法有何作用？ 答题技巧：主要从两方面进行考查：（1)辨析论证方法。常用的论证方法有：举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证、对比论证(2)分析论证方法的作用。

举例论证：使论证更具体、更有说服力。答题格式：使用了举例论证的方法，举„„（概括事例）证明了„„的观点，从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。

引用论证：如引用名人名言、格言警句、权威数据，可以增强论证的说服力和权威性；引用名人逸事、奇闻趣事，可以增强论证的趣味性。答题格式：使用了引用论证的方法，通过引用„„证明„„的观点，使论证更有说服力（或更有趣味性，吸引读者）

对比论证：作用就是突出强调。答题格式：使用了对比论证的论证方法，从正反两方面进行论述，将„„和„„加以比较，突出强调了„„的观点。比喻论证：可把道理讲得通俗易懂，容易被人接受。使论证更加生动形象，更利于读者明白。答题格式：使用了比喻论证的论证方法，将„„比作„„，证明了„„观点，从而把抽象深刻的道理阐述得生动形象，浅显易懂，易被接受。

注意：有时一段文字中不止一种论证方法，答题时要找全。

考点六：分析论证思路或过程

常考题型：请分析某段的论证过程。/作者是如何证明论点的？

答题技巧： 议论文的结构有：并列式结构、对照式结构、层进式结构、总分式结构。这一题型的答题技巧：（1）要点出文段的论点是什么。（2）要答出论据是什么（3）用好连接词。（4）答案要准确、简练、通顺。答题格式是：（1）先（正反两方面）举出**事例或者道理论据.然后得出什么结论（或证明什么观点）（分——总）。（2）首先提出什么观点，接着用**事例（从正反两方面）或者道理论据进行论证.最后得出**结论（或说明了**的道理）（总——分——总）。

考点七：分析关键词语、句子或语段的含义及作用。

常见题型：文中某句话的含义是什么？/某个词语的意思是什么？/某个词语能否去掉？ 答题技巧：分析关键词语、句子或语段的含义及作用。答这类题时①要联系文章内容，尤其是要联系文章的中心论点；②要结合语境，结合上下文揣摩其具体含义。分析作用时，首先要找出论点，其次确定本段在文中地位，然后分析其对论证论点的作用(更严密、更有权威性、更有说服力)。如果考查的是在结构上的作用，通常情况下是起承上启下的过渡作用。加点词语有什么作用？

思路：①确定、回答词语在语境中的（表层）含义；②词语对表达中心或阐明观点的（深层、比喻或引申）作用；这类题主要考语言的准确周密性和形象生动性。词语顺序是否可以颠倒？答题思路：①解释词语的含义；②阐明词语之间的时间或事理程序的先后顺序，强调其先后顺序或层次性。文中加点的词语能否删除？为什么？

答题技巧：①不能。②这个词文中的意思是***.③删除后的意思是***.④这样表达不严谨.语言不严密.使论证缺少说服力。

考点八： 结合生活阅历和自身实际评价作者观点.或谈谈自己个性化的阅读启迪和感悟

常考题型：对文中的某个观点你怎么看？/你如何看待某个说法？

改写句子的常考题型 篇4

● 主动语态与被动语态的转换

【例句】

1.Many workers built this factory in .

This factoryby many workers in 2001.

【正确答案】was built

【规律分析】这部分要求熟悉被动语态的构成——不同时态下系动词be的变化形式。

2.He asked me，“Where are you going？”

He asked me.

【正确答案】where I was going

【规律分析】这部分要求了解直接引语与间接引语。二者互变时要注意：人称的变化;时间表示法的变化;指示代词的变化;一般疑问句中疑问词的变化;特殊疑问句中语序的变化规则等。

● There be句型的变换

【例句】

3.The room is empty.

There is in the room.

4.What can I do for you？

anything I can do for you？

【正确答案】3.nothing4.Is there

【规律分析】这部分要求了解 there be 句型的基本结构，注意系动词be在不同语境下的变化形式。

● It引导的形式主语句子与其他句型的转换

【例句】

5.He spent 4 hours in doing his homework yesterday.

It took him 4 hours his homework yesterday.

6.It seems that they like pop music.

They to like pop music.

【正确答案】5.to do6.seem

【规律分析】这部分要求了解代词it在句子中的各种用法。it在英语中是个相当活跃的.代词，它可以作形式主语、形式宾语和引导强调句等。

● 一些习惯用法的不同表示法

【例句】

7.They have studied English for 20 years.

They began to study English 。

8.He went to the class at 9 o’clock.

He didn’t go to the class 9 o’clock.

【正确答案】7.20 years ago8.until

【规律分析】这部分要求掌握英语中一些习惯用法的表达方式。在改写句子时，要求用不同的句型或不同的词表达出相同的意思。

● 词或词组间的互换

【例句】

9.He spent 20 dollars buying this book.

He20 dollars this book.

10.She does well in English.

She is English.

【正确答案】9.paid.。.for10.good at

【规律分析】这部分考查同义词或词组的替换。有些词虽然意义相近或相同，但往往在用法和结构搭配上有区别，考生应尤其注意。

● 句子与词组间的互换

【例句】

11.We’re always busy with our work.

We seldom have 。

12.The boy is very young. The boy can’t understand it.

The boy isyoung understand it.

【正确答案】11.free/spare time12.too.。.to

【规律分析】这部分要求掌握一些惯用词组的用法，同时注意句子和词组间的互换往往会使得句子结构改变。

● 形容词、副词比较级等基本句型的转换

【例句】

13.Don’t forget to bring your book！

to bring your book！

14.My mother is not in/at home.

My mother is.

【正确答案】13.Remember14.out

【规律分析】这部分要求掌握一些基本的反义词，然后通过否定反义词的方法达到肯定的目的。

● 反义词

【例句】

15.I don’t think maths is as interesting as English.

I think maths is English！

16.Of all the boys in the class， John runs the fastest.

John runsany other boy in the class.

【正确答案】15.less interesting than16.faster than

【规律分析】这部分要求考生熟悉一些形容词、副词比较级的基本句型，如：not as （so）+原级形式+as;比较级形式+than.。.;最高级形式+.。.in（of）。..

● 词形的派生

【例句】

17.The teacher told us to be careful when we did our exam.

The teacher told us to do our exam.

【正确答案】17.carefully

【规律分析】这部分要求考生掌握一些基本的构词法。词汇学习中构词法是最重要的方法之一。通过加前缀或后缀的方法可使一个词改变词义或词性。考生应能根据句型，将某个词语变为所需要的形式。

● 从句的变换

N 主从复合句与并列句的相互转换

【例句】

18.Hurry or you will be late for school.

you don’t hurry， you will be late for school.

N 从句与从句的相互转换

【例句】

19.He came only after the meeting was over.

He didn’t comethe meeting was over.

N 从句和不定式的转换

【例句】

20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.

The box isheavy for melift.

【正确答案】18.If 19.until20.too……to…….

【规律分析】这部分要求考生了解常见复合句的主句与从句间的关系，掌握复合句从句引导词的用法以及一些起连接作用的词组的用法。

● 用连接词合并两个简单句

【例句】

21.Jane couldn’t sing well. I couldn’t sing well， either.

JaneI could sing well.

【正确答案】21.Neither.。.nor.。.