MBA英语写作万能句

2024-07-05

MBA英语写作万能句（共7篇）

MBA英语写作万能句篇1

小括号内为解释，中括号内部分可有可无

万能模版一（问题解决类）

分析原因：

引入句：

Why does the situation remain unimproved? There are many factors resulting in it.万能原因：

1.Most people haven’t yet realized how serious the problem has become.2.The greatest blame(根结)should be placed on factors such as grossly(=very)inefficient management and [ without a doubt ] corruption.3.Some people do not care whether X may cause damage to property and injury or even death to individuals, but fix their eyes on the profits/benefits they can get from it.4.X is a social trend(趋势).Reversing undesirable social trends will be far from an easy task and will require a dramatic change in attitudes.5.Measures taken to control the problem are not efficient enough to restrain(约束)violators(违规者).6.The main reason is continuing degeneration of social values(价值观)and decline of morality(道德观).7.污染问题：Excessive quantities of X are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry.8.环境问题：With the increase in [the country’s] population, the demand for X is growing steadily/sharply(稳步地/急剧地).分析危害：

引入句：

1.Nobody can deny that X has brought a large number of negative effects and it will continue to do so if nothing is done.2.As everyone sees, this phenomenon produces harmful effects in many aspects.万能危害：

1.X do/does great harm to human health/mental health and social morality.2.The bad effect of X lies in the fact that it can hinder(阻碍)the healthy and smooth development of economy/society [ as well as spoil the mutual trust(破坏相互信任)among people.]

3.It can make people lose faith in the [local] government since they think it is the government’s responsibility to lay a strict control over the problem.4.In many cases, X interfere(干扰)with the normal social order [ and exerts a negative influence on the stability of our society.]

5.Having been hurt by X, some people may hold quite pessimistic(悲观)attitude towards it.Even worse, they may do the same behaviors of hurting others or themselves.6.X causes unfair competition which disturbs the order of the market and hampers(妨碍)the innovation of economic/educational structure.7.环境问题：As these precious resources are not inexhaustible, wasting or polluting them will be a potential threat to human’s future surrival.解决方案：

引入句：

1.It’s time for us to take some effective measures to get the problem into control.2.Considering the seriousness of the problem, it is an urgent thing for us to take certain counter measures to eliminate it.万能措施：

1.We can make the evil nature of X known to all people so that they could consciously(有意识地)guard against it.2.The government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies.3.The government is supposed to lay down rules and regulations to cope with(=solve)the problem.I feel that anyone who violates relevant rules or laws deserves to be punished severely.4.Although there are laws designed to protect us, the number of law enforcers is not sufficient enough.Hence, we should learn to discern between true and false.Only in this way can we defend our legal rights and interests.5.Authorities should strengthen instruction and guidance on people, and more campaigns should be organized to raise people’s awareness(意识)the harm of X.6.We should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous(危险的)alternatives.结束句：

1.Certainly, there are some other cures, which are worth adopting.But if we take measures outlined above, we can ensure a reliable prevention system.全文结句：

1.As far as the future prospect is concerned, I am sure that good results will be achieved in this respect.2.To conclude, it seems obvious that tomorrow will be much better and brighter only if everyone does its part and tries hard to seek solutions for its control.万能模版二（社会现象评论类）

As we can see from the situation, has become a common phenomenon among ________.According to a newspaper survey, about _______ percent of _______, this trend will continue for a while in the future.With regard to this phenomenon, people vary greatly in their viewpoint.Some argue that it’s ____________.They believe that ____________________.They also hold that ___________________.However, there are other people who look at this phenomenon in another way.For them, _________________________.Besides, ___________________.In their beliefs, we should take immediate measures to put an end to the current situation.As a coin has two sides, it’s no exception to the phenomenon ofI’m concerned, _________ should be(encouraged)in our(country).Our government should play an active role in this respect.万能模版三（分析利弊类）

首句：

1.Nowadays, X are/is extremely popular and play a very critical role in the modern society.Taking a look around, you can find numerous examples to mention individually.2.Many people tend to agree with me if I say that X makes a necessity for us to live a happy / decent / comfortable / convenient / interesting life.过渡句：

1.As a matter of fact, many people now resort to the new way, less depending upon the old traditional way.Why? Because X have great influence on the work, study and life of people in modern society.2.The prevalence of X will do good to both the individual and the society.接着深入展开X的好处：

1.It is advisable for people to take advantage of this modern, scientific and technological product X, as it has brought us a lot of convenience.Such as …

2.X is a symbol of freedom.It enables an individual or a family to … , without relying on traditional methods.转折句：

1.However, a coin has two sides.Some of us have began to realize that it is the source of trouble as well.2.Nevertheless, X might bring some negative effects and potential dangers to us.深入展开X的危害：

1.Some people might be so indulged in them/it that they may ignore their own duty.结句：

1.Even so, we can cope with these problems as we always know what we are doing and what we want to achieve.

MBA英语写作万能句篇2

作为一个重要的语言输出方式, 英语写作是测试学生综合运用语言能力和认知水平的好方法。然而, 在国内大学英语课堂中, 因为诸多原因, 例如班级人数太多, 写作练习的时间不够, 反馈不够及时, 评价标准太过模糊, 教师语言教学知识技能水平的不一等, 学生的英语写作水平并未得到大幅度的提升。总之, 在传统写作教学反馈模式下, 大学英语中写作教学的效果不尽如人意。

随着科学技术的飞速发展, 人们将目光投向互联网, 教学在线自动评价系统软件应运而生。以教育技术作为基础, 以数据信息量庞大、拥有十分丰富的学习资源为优势, 计算机自动评价系统能够给学生的写作提供及时准确的评价和反馈。这种写作评价方式已经成为未来反馈研究的新方向。本文旨在对计算机自动评价系统的反馈机制做一个研究, 探求其对学生英语写作产生的影响, 为大学英语写作的评价提供参考和启示。

二、句酷批改网

近年来, 计算机在线自动评价软件的开发已经渐入佳境。国外的在线自动评价系统最具代表性的是PEG, IEA, E-rater和Intelli Metric TM等。目前国内开发的针对中国大学生的在线自动评价系统有句酷批改网、冰果英语智能作文评阅系统等[1]。本文以句酷网为例, 探索在线写作自动评价系统给大学英语写作带来的影响。

作为一种新兴的在线自动评价系统和写作辅助工具, 句酷网能够提供作文的诊断性评价反馈, 目前在中国内地的作文自动评价系统市场很受欢迎。学生可以从句酷网网站上既定的作文标题中进行选择, 再上传完成的作品。句酷网运用自身强大的语料库对学生的作文进行诊断, 提供及时全面的评价。利用云计算的功能, 句酷网能对上传的文章立即给予评分, 并在词汇、句子结构等方面给出整体评价。接下来, 句酷网会对参评文章进行逐句指正, 包括单词的拼写错误等。除此之外, 句酷网还会就作文中的选词展开解析, 比如近反义词的讲解、易混淆单词的辨析。相应的, 老师和管理者也有权限对个人、班级、学校甚至更大群体的文集进行审阅。

通过句酷网, 学生可以获得整体评分、诊断性反馈评价、修改意见及其他的学习资源。在使用句酷网的过程中, 学生通过在线自动评价系统的训练, 逐渐掌握写好一篇作文的技巧。

三、对于句酷网的实践研究

笔者采用问卷调查的研究方式, 旨在探索在线自动评价系统对于大学生英语写作能力及自主学习能力的提高是否有帮助。笔者将自己所教的三个英语写作班作为研究对象, 开展了为期一学期的教学实践调查。每两周在句酷网上布置一篇作文, 由句酷网生成相应的作文号。学生登录句酷网后搜索既定的作文号, 并在规定的时间内进行写作、修改、提交。在经过一学期的实践教学之后, 一共有72名学生参加问卷调查。问卷包含五个问题, 主要调查学生对于句酷网的看法。经调查, 有效问卷为70份, 有效率是97%, 结果见下表。

通过一学期的教学实践结果可以看出, 有57%的学生非常喜欢句酷网, 而明确表示不喜欢句酷网的有4.2%, 持中立态度的有12.8%。这对于在线自动评价系统来说是一个很好的现象, 表示学生对于计算机运用到学习中的技术普遍表示赞同。

而且学生对于句酷网能否提高写作水平一致持肯定的意见。第二个问题的结果显示有61.4%的学生认为句酷网对于他们的英语写作帮助很大, 只有1.4%的学生认为句酷网完全没有帮助。这一点也可以从学生写作的成绩轨迹看出, 在使用句酷网的过程中, 学生的作文成绩基本呈上升趋势。

问卷调查的第三个问题是调查句酷网主要在哪方面对学生有积极的帮助, 结果都集中在词汇和语法两大板块。对于大一英语专业的学生来说, 词汇和语法是经常出现问题的地方, 也是教师需要花费大量时间和精力去批改指正的地方[2]。句酷网在这两方面能对学生的写作起到积极的帮助, 这无疑是对老师的解放。然而, 接受调查的学生普遍表示在思想内容和篇章结构上句酷网的帮助并不大, 只有5.7%和8.5%。这个结果从侧面反映出以句酷网为代表的在线自动评价系统的局限性。思想内容和篇章结构相对来说偏向主观, 如果借助软件或器械操作, 则会造成结果有一定的偏颇。所以这方面的批改任务主要在于教师, 需要教师在课堂上多加以疏导贯通, 在批改上多费心力[3]。对于网络评价和教师评价的对比, 在问卷调查的第五点也体现得较为透彻, 学生的倾向性各占一半, 说明学生也认为两种评价各有所长, 这是我们提倡应该将在线评价和教师评价结合在一起运用的原因。

还有一个好现象就是学生会认真思考句酷网给的评价和建议, 并在原来作文的基础上进行修改, 这一点在问卷调查的第四点上得到体现。有74%的学生表示每次都会根据句酷网的建议对作文进行修改, 而没有人会忽视句酷网给的修改意见, 这说明句酷网的应用得到绝大部分学生的认可。教师在平常的教学中应该提醒学生引起重视, 让学生坚持在每次句酷网给出批改意见之后对作文进行修改, 养成良好的习惯。通过不断的练习、修改, 再写作、再修改, 直到最后达到自己和教师都满意的效果, 这样写作水平才会有大幅度的提高。

本文采取问卷调查的方式对所任班级一共72名英语专业的学生进行了探访与研究, 发现学生对于句酷网的接受程度还是很高的。在经过一年的句酷网实践应用之后, 学生表示无论是在英语语法还是词汇方面都有较大程度的提高。同时, 句酷网增强了学生自主学习的意识, 即通过句酷网的修改建议自己主动对作文进行修改直到让人满意的地步。就是在这种不断试图提高自己作文得分的过程中, 学生的英语语言应用能力也无意识地得到了锻炼。每次一点提交, 学生立即就会得到作文分数和相关的修改信息, 比起教师评价漫长的等待过程来说, 句酷网有无与伦比的优势。当然, 句酷网也有着其自身的局限性, 在主观倾向性方面的反馈方面, 教师评价的作用不可或缺。所以我们倡导应当将在线自动评价系统和教师评价结合起来, 因地制宜, 合理应用, 才能获得最佳的效果。

摘要：随着科学技术的飞速发展, 计算机网络技术越来越多地应用到传统教学中。在线自动评分系统是基于教学技术理念, 为学生的写作提供自动反馈的一种评估机制。本文以句酷网作为实例, 采取问卷调查的方式研究学生对在线自动评分系统的态度, 以及句酷网对学生英语写作造成的影响。结果表明, 以句酷网为代表的在线自动评分系统可以激起学生的写作热情, 有助于培养学生更高的英语写作水平和更强的英语写作能力。

关键词：英语写作教学,互联网技术,在线自动评价系统,句酷网

参考文献

[1]曾楚辉.句酷批改网在高职英语写作教学中的应用.长春教育学院学报, 2015 (16) :158-159.

[2]刘毅.英语写作教学中在线写作评价系统的应用及其效果——以句酷批改网为例.海外英语 (上) , 2015 (3) :80-81, 95.

高中英语万能写作高分技巧篇3

【关键词】高中英语写作障碍教学策略

【中图分类号】 G633.41 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1674-4772（2013）11-001-01

英语写作很多高中生视若畏途，不知道怎么写。汉语写作很多学生都不过关，这样怎么写出高分的英语作文呢？本人在教学过程中，研究了考官评判的基本技巧后，总结了一些方法。那就是写好开头，收好结尾，这样的英语作文基本可以得高分。怎么写好开头？怎么收缩圆满的结尾呢？就是给出学生万能开头公式和结尾公式。

一、开头万能公式

1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言。有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理！经典句型：A proberb says， “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows， No one can deny that…

2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计。

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey， about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

二、结尾万能公式

1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论。说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！

比如下面的例子：Obviously， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up， in conclusion， in brief， on account of this， thus.更多句型：Thus， it can be concluded that…， Therefore， we can find that…

四级英语作文万能句篇4

《一》段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country“s development and construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another，______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是

由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.5.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.英语四级734条高频词组

1.abide by(=be faithful to;obey)忠于；遵守。

2.be absent from….缺席，不在3.absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉

4.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on

5.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于,富有

6.access(to)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解

7.by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely)安全地，8.of one’s own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地 ,主动地

9.in accord with 与…一致.out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

10.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地

11.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照,根据

12.on one’s own account 1)为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益

2)(=at one’s own risk)自行负责

3)(=by oneself)依靠自己

on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.13.take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去

14.give sb.an account of 说明, 解释(理由)

15.account for(=give an explanation or reason for)解释, 说明.16.on account of(=because of)由于,因为.17.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)

18.accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about)指控,控告

19.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.20.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉

21.act on 奉行,按照…行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理

22.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己适应于

23.adapt…(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new need)改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

24.in addition(=besides)此外, 又, 加之

25.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

26.adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief)粘附;坚持, 遵循

27.adjacent(=next to, close to)毗邻的, 临近的 28.adjust..(to)(=change slightly)调节;适应;

29.admit of(=be capable of, leave room for)…的可能，留有…的余地.30.in advance(before in time)预告, 事先.31.to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32.have an advantage over 胜过.have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

33.take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34.agree with 赞同(某人意见)agree to 同意

35.in agreement(with)同意, 一致

36.ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;…………….ahead of time 提前.37.in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体.2)在谣传中.38.above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是, 最重要的.39.in all(=counting everyone or everything, altogether)总共, 总计

40.after all 毕竟,到底;(not)at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all 只此一次;above all 最重要的;first of all 首先;all in all 大体上说;be all in 累极了;all but 几乎.41.allow for(=take into consideration, take into account)考虑到, 估计到

.42.amount to(=to be equal to)总计, 等于.43.answer for(undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for)对…负责.44.answer to(=conform to)适合,符合.45.be anxious about 为…焦急不安;或anxious for

46.apologize to sb.for sth.为…向…道歉

47.appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力

48.apply to sb.for sth.为…向…申请;apply for申请;apply to 适用.49.apply to 与…有关;适用

50.approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right)赞成, approve vt.批准

51.arise from(=be caused by)由…引起.52.arrange for sb.sth.to do sth.安排…做…

53.arrive on 到达;arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in 到达某地(大地方);

54.be ashamed of(=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth.done)以…

为羞耻

55.assure sb.of sth.(=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向…保证, 使…确信.56.attach(to)(=to fix, fasten;join)缚, 系 ,结

57.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)试图做…

58.attend to(=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after)侍候,照料

59.attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法

60.attribute…to…(=to believe sth.to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果

61.on the average(=on average, on an average)平均

62.(be)aware of(=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.63.at the back of(=behind)在…后面

64.in the back of 在…后部(里面);on the back of 在…后部(外面);be on one’s back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起.65.at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb.at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台

66.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb.in an impolite way)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃

67.behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)

68.be based on upon 基于

69.on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上

70.beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢

71.begin with 以…开始.to begin with(=first of all)首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)

72.on behalf of(=as the representative of)以…名义

73.believe in(=have faith or trust in;consider sth.sb.to be true)相信,依赖,信仰.74.benefit(from)受益,得到好处.75.for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)

76.for the better 好转

77.get the better of(=defeat sb.)打败, 胜过.78.by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时;give birth to 出生

79.blame sb.for sth.因…责备某人.blame sth.on sb.把…推在某人身上

80.in blossom开花(指树木)be in blossom开花(强调状态)come into blossom开花(强调动作)

81.on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机

82.boast of(or about)吹嘘

83.out of breath 喘不过气来

84.in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之

85.in bulk 成批地,不散装的 86.take the floor 起立发言

87.on business 出差办事.88.be busy with sth.忙于某事

be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

89.last but one 倒数第二.90.but for(=without)要不是.表示假设

91.buy sth.for…money 用多少钱买

92.be capable of 能够, 有能力

be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的93.in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens;anyhow)无论如何

94.in case(=for fear that)万一;

95.in case of(=in the event of)如果发生…万一

in the case of 至于…, 就…而言

96.in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)

97.be cautious of 谨防

98.center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on)把某人的注意力集中在…上

99.be certain of(=be sure of)有把握, 一定.100.for certain of(=for sure)肯定地,有把握地

101.by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然

102.for a change换换环境(花样等)

103.charge sb.with …控告某人犯有…

104.in charge of(=responsible for)负责(某事)in the charge of …由…管

105.take charge of(=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)

106.charge…for 因…索取(费用), charge sb.with sth.控告某人犯有…

107.round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping)昼夜不停地

108.comment on 评论

109.commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb.to prison把某人送进监狱;commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来;commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论

110.in common(和…)有共同之处,共用.be common to sb.是与某人所共有的 111.keep company with(=be friendly and go out together)和…要好.112.compare…with … 把…与…比较

113.compare…to… 把…比作…

114.by comparison 比较起来

115.in comparison with(=in contrast to)和…比起来

116.compensate for(=give sth.to make up for)补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb.for sth.赔偿,弥补

117.complain of(or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb.about sth.(or sb.)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)

118.comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.)遵守, 依从

119.conceive of(think of, imagine, consider)想象,设想

120.concentrate on(or upon)集中,专心

121.be concerned with(=about)与…有关

122.concern oneself about with 关心

123.in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点;at the conclusion of 当…结束时;

124.condemn sb.to 判决

125.on condition that(=if)以…为条件, 假如.in that = because因为;now that = since既然

for all that = although 尽管

126.in out of condition(=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit)健康状况好不好.in good(bad)condition处于良好(坏)状态

127.confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth.wrong)承认, 供认;confess to a crime 承认罪行.128.confide in(=to talk freely to sb.about one’s secret)对…讲真心话, 依赖

129.in confidence 推心置腹地;with confidence 满怀信心地;have confidence in 对…有信心

130.confidence in sb.sth.对…的信赖

131.be confident of 有信心;confidential 机密的 132.confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内

133.confirm sb.in 使某人更坚定(信念等)

134.conform to(=be in agreement with, comply with)符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从;2)observe;3)comply with照…办;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做

135.be confronted with(=be brought face to face with)面对, 面临

136.congratulate sb.on 祝贺

137.in connection with(=with regard to)关于，138.be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道

139.consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意

140.in consequence(=as a result)结果

141.in consequence of(=as a consequence of)由于…的结果

100个句子记完7000个单词

1.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2.Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2.1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？

3.Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4.Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5.In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6.The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7.It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。

8.With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9.The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。

10.The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11.Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12.Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.12.Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15.Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16.The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。

17.Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18.Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。19.When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。

20.Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。21.Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22.The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.22.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23.Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.23.在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。

24.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.24.大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25.The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26.By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.26.到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27.In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.27.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28.Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.28.Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。

29.Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.29.Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。

30.Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。

31.Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.31.骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32.That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.32.科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。

34.The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35.Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.35.未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36.One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.36.Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。37.Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.37.Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38.The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39.The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。40.Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.40.对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。

41.The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。

42.The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.42.墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。

43.It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。

44.No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。45.Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。

46.According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.46.根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。

47.Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。

48.In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.48.John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。

49.Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.49.父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。

50.The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.50.北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物，但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。

51.Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.51.使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。

52.Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.52.无government主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信government是有害的，没有必要的。

53.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.53.恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

54.The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.54.使用精心挑选的无意义词汇，可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。

55.The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.55.优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成，其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。

56.Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.56.相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。

57.During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.57.十八世纪时，”小乌龟"是迈阿密部落的酋长，该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。

58.Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.58.在竹子的近七百个品种中，有的全长成还不到一英尺，有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。

59.Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse 本地s to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.59.谨慎的航海员在出航前，会研究航向，记录的灯塔的位置，以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。

60.Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.60.在所有的经济作物中，棕榈树得到的研究最少。

61.Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.61.购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展，原因很简单，因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。

62.The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern 无效writer.62.电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。

63.The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic

connective tissues called ligaments.63.人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成，住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的，被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。

64.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the 无效 of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.64.珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度，温度和含盐度的制约。

65.Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.65.尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖，但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。

66.Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.66.鲇鱼不仅可以离开水存活，还可以在岸上短距离移动。

67.Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.67.科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了，但是一些理论推断是地理，气候和海平面的变化造成的。

68.The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.68.主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其他科学的知识。

69.Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.69.雪对农民是一种帮助，因为它保持地层土壤的温度，使种子不致冻死。

70.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.70.历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋，但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。

71.People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.71.史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末，然后加水。

72.Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.72.花通常令人生厌，它挤走不那么顽强的植物，并找来很多害虫。

73.Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.73.大约从公元前七千年开始，在四千年当中，北半球的温度比现在高。

74.When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.74.当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时，农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。75.Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.75.北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多，但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。

76.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.76.水獭啃倒树木，以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。

77.Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.77.长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬，但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬，因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。

78.As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.78.物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。

79.The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.79.根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久，已经成为传统。

80.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.80.因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的，所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。

81.Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.81.电视，这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

82.Television is more than just an electronics;it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.82.电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。

83.Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism------that is the rate for re-arrest------is more than 60 percent.83.更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余，以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。

84.His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.84.他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院，但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕，但私下交流却富有同情和理解。

85.The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair.Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.85.树獭即不讲究卫生，以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔，成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处，变成毛毛虫，并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。

86.Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes.They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.86.人造花卉即可用于科学目的，也可用于装饰目的，它们可以用各种各样的材料制成，臂如蜡和玻璃；其制作如此精巧，几乎可以以假乱真。

87.Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.87.在伊利诺州Argonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果，科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。

88.When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.88.当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后，真正艰难的任务还没有开始；即危险，吃力，需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。

89.Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.89.由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。

90.The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.90.美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民，三十五岁以上，并且在美国居住了至少十四年。

91.Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.91.美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方，对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的，喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。

92.Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.92.石头不会腐烂，所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下来，虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。

93.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.93.昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住；如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护，昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。

94.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.94.确实，他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险，而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。

95.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.95.老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来，老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。

96.I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort.They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.96.我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人，他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。

97.I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.97.每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。

98.It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.98.没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动：一旦有了问题，一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。

99.It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles------or locate flying insects on which they feed.This echo-本地 in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.99.人们已经发现，某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。

英语作文万能句子结尾句篇5

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

不看会后悔的英语四级作文万能句篇6

（一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.。

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they

say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.5.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

MBA英语写作万能句篇7

理工科硕士研究生有发表论文的需求, 也会有在国际学术刊物上发表论文的愿望。而论文的发表, 无论是在国内抑或是国外学术期刊, 都离不开英文写作。即便论文本身的研究具备独特性, 若英语语言表达不准确, 该论文也难入选国际期刊。因此, 提高英语语言表达的整体水平, 是我国研究生实现学术国际化的必要环节。写作作为英语教学中的核心技能, 是研究生英语教学中的重中之重, 而整体写作能力的提高需要从语言能力本身到思维方式等各个层面逐一突破。

中国学生英语写作的句法和文体的语料库研究及实证研究 (白逸欣、蔡宏宇2001;王立非2005;Sun 2010;Wang 2009;Zhang 2012) 表明, 英语流水句是英语学生作文中句法层面数种错误中的主要问题之一。然而, 关于具体应用何种方式帮助学生避免英语流水句, 以及效果如何, 目前仍有待考察。

英语流水句问题, 反映在句法表层, 是标点符号的误用;而其深层次的归因是句间的衔接。英语流水句的产生导致英语文章行文不够严谨、表达欠缺逻辑。避免英语流水句错误, 有助于提高学生对英语断句规则、对标点符号使用规则的认识和应用, 习得句间的正确和有效的衔接, 以此在句法层次上提高作文的整体质量。本文将针对英语流水句问题实施行动研究, 这一研究能帮助学生在写作时减少此类错误, 同时有助于教师对句法方面的教学进行反思。

二、研究对象、目的及研究方法

Lewin (1946) 提出了“行动研究”这一术语之后, 现代行动研究已经进入教育领域。McNiff (1988:6) 指出, 行动研究是在课堂教学中由教师来执行的一系列有计划的具体行动, 旨在改进学生某一方面的问题, 同时在实践中验证理论, 诠释和检验当下的教学理论。教学行动研究的一般步骤是, 发现问题;选择合适的研究手段;收集和分析资料;制订行动计划, 帮助学生在课堂上在研究问题上取得进步;实施计划;观察学生的变化, 反思研究 (McNiff2011:8-9) 。

研究对象是北京某大学硕士研究生一年级中地学专业的一个班级。针对其英语作文中的流水句问题, 笔者于2012年春季学期开展了为期10周的行动研究。研究对象共计38人, 分别有17人和19人通过大学英语六级和四级考试, 2人未通过四级考试。本研究采用的样本是该学期学生完成的7次作文和1次翻译练习。

根据英语流水句样本的特征探寻其产生的原因。遵循行动研究的步骤, 集中对英语流水句进行改正反馈。理工科研究生的专业任务繁重, 用于英语学习的时间有限, 于是, 每周的四节英语课是其英语语言输入的主要来源。因此, 有针对性的语法教学是有必要的。Ellis (1995:89) 指出, “no noticing, no acquisition” (没有注意就没有习得) 。语法教学能帮助学生“注意”到二语中不熟悉或未知的语言特征, 从而最终实现对言语的吸收。

研究步骤如下:第一, 关于英语流水句的课堂教学, 包括什么是英语流水句, 如何修改英语流水句;第二, 在课堂上练习修改英语流水句;第三, 给学生布置课后写作任务;第四, 收集学生的习作;第五, 标注习作中的英语流水句错误, 对收集到的英语流水句进行分析, 对其进行统计归类, 找到出错原因;第六, 根据学生的错误对教学进行反思和调整, 对学生进行采访和个别辅导。

三、结果与讨论

(一) 英文流水句的概念及改正方法

英文流水句可分为两类:融合句 (fused sentences) 和逗号接连句 (comma splices) 。一个句子中如果包含了两个或两个以上的单句, 而句间没有使用任何标点符号进行断句, 这样的句子是融合句, 如 (1b) ;而逗号接连句, 是指断句都用逗号来切分, 一口气说几件事, 中间似断似连, 直到最后一个小句, 如 (1c) 。逗号接连句句间, 参与一个事件过程的不是一个人, 可能有两个甚至多个人, 可能有几个主语或话题。无论是融合句和逗号接连句, 其共同之处是对完整的句子间的界限如何界定有所混淆, 如 (1a) 是完整句。

(1) a.He swam. (单句/独立句/完整的句子)

b.She reads in thesleeps in her bed. (融合句)

c.Jim and Tommy are playing foot ball outside the for get to go home. (逗号接连句)

英文流水句的改正方法有四种。第一, 使用句号断句, 分隔两个或多个完整的句子;如果两个句子间在语意上的关联性很大, 亦可用分号。第二, 使用逗号加上选择七个并列连词 (and, but, yet, so, for, nor和or) 之一来连接两个具有逻辑关联的句子。第三, 用从属连词或关系代词连接两个句子, 使其成为从句。第四, 在句间使用连接副词或连接性副词短语, 增进句间的逻辑关联。例如逗号接连句She reads in the sleeps in her bed可以改为以下几种方式:把逗号改为分号 (2a) 、把逗号改为句号 (2b) 、在逗号后加并列连词and (2c) 、用从属连词while连接两个单句成为状语从句 (2d) 、用连接副词meanwhile连接小句呈现逻辑的显性连接 (2e) .

(2) a.She reads in the sleeps in her bed.

(二) 两类英文流水句出现率变化

W1表示第一周, 依此类推。第二和第四周的任务是改正原稿语言错误, 重新列出提纲, 并围绕前一周的主题进行写作;第八周的任务是将中文流水句翻译成英语的练习, 因此这三周的数据没有进行统计。从第六周起, 课堂教学和练习中加入如何使用从属连词、关系代词和连接副词来连接小句组成从句的内容。如图1所示, 面临英文流水句修正方法的多种选择, 学生的错误率有所回升, 但保持在10%以下。从图1还可以观察到:第六周以后, 融合句的错误率虽然有所回升, 但幅度较小, 且之后基本持恒。原因在于融合句是一个句子里有两个或更多的主语却没有关系代词和从属连词连接的句子。这种错误容易识别, 学生在识别以后自己能够改正。而逗号接连句在这个时期回升幅度较大且在接下来的三周持续走高, 从收集到的样本来看主要原因在于学生把连接副词和词组从属连词当成了并列连词来用, 应该用句号时用了逗号。连接副词在数量上众多, 要记住它们的意思及用法, 学生是需要花点工夫和时间的。相较之下, 学生在第一周到第五周学习的如何通过用分号和句号避免英文流水句, 及用逗号加上and等并列连词来修正英文流水句的方法更易掌握。因此, 学生能较快地减少这些方面的错误。

在完成把中文流水句译成英语这一练习后, 学生在最后一周的期末写作任务中错误率降至5.8%。整个写作练习中英文流水句错误率大幅降低并趋向稳定是在第五周之后发生的, 学生在这之前已经做了3次改错练习。而且, 在针对中文流水句教师进行讲解、学生进行英译练习之后, 其错误率降至最低。可见, 问题的解决需要教师讲解和学生进行改错练习相结合的方式进行, 效果最好。另外, 开始时融合句和逗号连接句的错误率相当, 但随着介入手段的引入, 比较之下逗号接连句更不易改正。

(三) 英语流水句的特征

1. 小句间的逻辑关系

通过对整个过程中收集到的英文流水句进行小句间的逻辑结构分析, 发现最常见的小句间逻辑关系是并列 (32%) , 顺序 (25%) 和对比 (23%) 关系。在面对这三大关系时, 学生将它们处理成融合句和逗号接连句 (其中逗号接连句居多) 。此外还有因果关系 (19%) 和条件关系 (1%) 。随着课堂讲解和练习的实施, 条件关系的英文流水句就不再出现了, 而且因果关系的英文流水句也逐渐减少了。

通过分析学生将汉语流水句翻译成英语的练习, 笔者总结出学生所采用的策略。其中, 使用最多的是在小句间添加关系代词合成关系从句 (33.2%) ;其次是利用并列连词组成并列句或顺序递进句 (31.6%) ;再次是组成一组单句串 (22.3%) ;最不受欢迎的策略是用连接副词或短语连接各小句 (11.2%) , 呈现句间逻辑关系。同时, 在这次练习中, 学生译出的逗号接连句占14.8%。由此可见, 即使学生已经学习了修改英文流水句的方法, 在面对中文流水句的翻译时还是不能完全理清流水句小句间的逻辑关系, 并正确使用并列连词、关系代词或是连接副词连接小句。

2. 小句间主语相同或相关联

无论是融合句和逗号接连句, 英文流水句中较为显著的一个特征是受到小句间主语的牵绊, 它们要么主语相同, 要么前一小句的宾语是后一小句的主语;抑或两个小句的主语在上下文中有关联, 呈现从属关系。举例如下:

(3) a.It rocked in May followed by reaching a low in June at 2.5%and rised*moderately in July reached a low in November at 4%and escalated in last two months. (共享主语“it”) 1

b.America parents raise the children to be independent from*them, they start to do part-time jobs at young age. (前一小句的宾语是后一小句的主语)

c.Both of Jan Hendrik Schon and Hwang Woo Suk were involved in fabricated datafallen. (后一小句的主语与前一小句主语相关)

3. 小句间由连接副词/连接副词词组连接

小句由表示逻辑关系的连接副词连接, 但标点使用不当。这类英文流水句的小句间逻辑关系大多是并列、顺序和对比关系, 如例 (4) 是用连接副词表示时间顺序的融合句。

(4) The sales increased steadily in February the sales dropped swiftly and reached a low in march.

学生习作中的英文流水句中, 出现频率较高的连接副词和短语表示并列及顺序递进关系的, 如also、in addition、moreover、what’s more和for example;表示时间和次序的, 如then、finally、last、after和first等序数词;表示对比关系的, 如however、in contrast、instead和on the other hand。

(四) 产生英文流水句的原因

1. 对英文完整句子概念与标点功能的认识不清

学生对英文中完整句子的概念及标点的功能不清楚, 导致不用任何标点断句或者误用逗号的错误。这是学生写出英文流水句的主要原因之一。例如, 英文流水句中出现由五个或更多单句构成的逗号接连句, 甚至整个自然段的几个句子之间用个逗号分隔, 只在最后一个句子的末尾用句号。出现这一状况说明, 学生认为只要语意是相关联的, 表达同一个语义的小句间就应该使用逗号断句。而这一认识是错误的, 原因是学生不清楚什么是英文完整句子这一概念。通过教师在课堂上讲解什么是完整句, 如何使用分号、句号或逗号加并列连词的方法修改英文流水句, 并辅以学生对其做相应的练习, 学生写作中的融合句大量减少, 由单句机械堆加而产生的逗号接连句数量也有所降低。在本研究的后期阶段, 学生习作中的此类错误并不多见。

2. 母语负迁移

英语和汉语两种语言存在句子结构上的差异。Nida (1982:12) 指出, 中英两语在句子结构上有着很大区别, 英语的句子结构为“形合”结构, 句间的逻辑关系通过连接词表达, 这些连接词是“形合”结构的外显形态标志;而汉语句间结构是“意合”却“形散”的, 句间的逻辑关系往往通过内部逻辑实现, 没有明显的形合标志, 因此在中文里会出现流水句, 在中文句法规则下, 流水句不是错误。吕叔湘 (1979:27-28) 认为, 流水句事实上是复合句, 句间结构松散, 许多地方可断可连。此外, 汉语是主语脱落型语言而英语不是。这些差异是导致英语作文里出现流水句的根本原因。

蔡芸 (2002) 指出, 英文写作中流水句受母语的影响来自三个方面:中文断句规则、语篇连接特点和汉语话题结构的影响。这些在研究样本中也有体现。总之, 学生之所以会在英文写作中运用中文里的句法规则, 是因为没有完全掌握英文断句、句法和语篇连接手段, 甚至对什么是单句这样的基础语法的概念都不清楚。大部分学生表示, 他们写的英语作文更多的是翻译, 而不是英语思维的直接结果。因此, 学生只有认识到母语与目标语在句子结构上的差异, 才能避免因为顺译造成的中文句子结构向英语的迁移。因此, 在本次行动研究中, 笔者选择从基础概念入手, 让学生先了解了英文的句法规则然后再引导学生认识中英语法差异, 效果良好。

3. 并列连词与连接副词用法的混淆导致的标点误用

英语中句子的逻辑结构明晰, 通常使用连接词来实现句间的有效衔接, 因此习得如何在写作中正确使用连接词是英语写作的必修章节。学生能够在语义上正确使用连接词, 但是在区分由此所产生的句子结构上的差异有一定难度。

如果两个句子由七个并列连词之一衔接, 那么在并列连词之前可用逗号、分号或句号, 如 (5a) 所示。用连接副词或词组衔接的两个句子, 在连接副词前应用句号或分号, 如 (5b) 所示。

(5) a.Daniel likes ice-cream, but his mother does not want him to have too much sweet stuff.

b.Daniel likes ice-cream.However, his mother does not want him to have too much sweet stuff.

(五) 避免英文流水句教学中应注意的问题

在引导学生避免英文流水句的过程中, 让学生了解英汉语句法结构上的不同, 英语的标点使用规则, 连接副词、从属连词的用法是教学与练习中的必要环节。同时应在此过程中避免矫枉过正。个别学生为了避免英文流水句过度使用并列连词, 就在一句话中多次使用并联连词来延续同一话题或多个话题。虽然不算错误, 但是这样的句子长而缺乏变化, 属于臃赘的句子 (rambling sentences) , 如 (6) 所示, 不利于多样性的表达方式的使用。

(6) From 2003, it showed an obvious drop, and the decrease reached at5%in 2007, but it rise*to 16%in2008, so the recruitment trend is not stable, and maybe the educators in our country are not sure about the decisions in recruitment.

也有学生采用更为保守的手段来避免英文流水句, 即只写简单句, 形成单句串, 如 (7) 所示。这样做虽然在句法上保证了准确率, 但是不利于学生丰富写作句法。同时, 有的学生有过度避免使用逗号的倾向, 从而写出了句子片段, 又造成了另一个句法层面错误。这些都是在避免英文流水句的过程中会出现的副作用。

(7) Only mistakes can lead to discovery or progress.The statement is true.Some people agree.Some people disagree.I think mistakes can make progress.But it is not the only way. (单句串)

四、结语

对于成年学生而言, 他们已经在常年的学习中养成了思考与写作的习惯, 教师要对学生普遍存在的、反复出现的错误加以关注并帮其改正。本文首先确定英文流水句在学生作文习作中的比例, 并根据英文流水句样本的特征探寻其产生的原因。遵循行动研究的步骤, 通过引入教学和练习设计了减少英文流水句的具体教学环节。通过教学、集中对英文流水句的改正反馈、改正作文中流水句练习和流水句的英译练习等手段提高学生对英文流水句的认识, 确实提高了学生对英文流水句的注意程度, 从而减少英文流水句在学生写作中的出现频率。同时, 学生习作中关系从句的使用有所增加, 这表明本研究有助于促进学生在写作中使用多样性的表达方式。但由于行动教学的时间有限, 样本偏小, 教学效果有待进一步检验。学生的语言水平、英语阅读的多寡和写作的练习频率都有可能会影响对英语句法和中英文句法结构差异的认识, 今后研究将对此做更深入的分析。

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