千字文试题二年级(精选8篇)
千字文试题二年级 篇1
二年级传统文化教案
(千字文)
姓名:刘 秀 云 学校:冯 云 小 学 2013 年 9 月
千字文教案
第1课《天地玄黄》
第一课时
教学目标:
1、识记《天地玄黄》中生僻的字
2、找出韵律,熟读《天地玄黄》并尝试背诵 教学过程:
一、教师有感情、有节奏、有韵味地范读。
天地玄黄(tiān dì xuán huáng),宇宙洪荒(yǔ zhòu hóng huāng)。日月盈昃(rì yuè yíng zè),辰宿列张(chén xiǔ liè zhāng
1、学生看教材认真倾听,标记出生字、新词、难点。
2、结合注释初步感知诵读内容。
3、体会教师诵读的节奏和韵律。
二、结合注释帮助学生理解句子的意思
1、学生结合注释理解意思。
2、全班交流。
3、解析句子。
天地玄黄 宇宙洪荒: 玄,天也;黄,地之色也;洪,大也;荒,远也;宇宙广大无边。
日月盈昃 辰宿列张: 太阳有正有斜,月亮有缺有圆;星辰布满在无边的太空中。昃:读音zè,意为太阳偏西。
4、教师小结。
三、学生练读
1、学生认真跟读。
2、学生自读。
(1)学生自读,教师巡视指导,帮助朗读有困难的学生,及时发现学生朗读中出现的共性问题并随时加以指导。
(2)同桌互读。相互评价优点与不足,通过练习加以纠正。(3)同桌合作读,一人一句。
3、小组交流。
4、指名读,师生针对诵读时是否正确、流利、有感情进行评价。
5、师生共同放声齐读。
四、拓展活动:神奇汉字
五、课外延伸:二十四节气歌。
课下搜集古时描写四时更替、宇宙变化的语句,并交流。
第二课时
教学目标:
1、识记生僻的字
2、找出韵律,熟读并尝试背诵 教学过程:
一、教师有感情、有节奏、有韵味地范读。
寒来暑往(hánl ái shǔ wǎng),秋收冬藏(qiū shōu dōng cáng)。闰余成岁(rùn yú chéng suì),律吕调阳(lǜ lǚ táo yáng)。
二、解释句子
寒来暑往:秋收冬藏:寒暑循环变换,来了又去,去了又来;秋季里忙着收割,冬天里忙着储藏。
闰余成岁:律吕调阳:积累数年的闰余并成一个月,放在闰年里;古人用六律六吕来调节阴阳。
三、学生练读
1、学生认真跟读。
2、学生自读。
(1)学生自读,教师巡视指导,帮助朗读有困难的学生,及时发现学生朗读中出现的共性问题并随时加以指导。
(2)同桌互读。相互评价优点与不足,通过练习加以纠正。(3)同桌合作读,一人一句。
四、小组交流。
1、指名读,师生针对诵读时是否正确、流利、有感情进行评价。
2、师生共同放声齐读。
五、拓展活动
第三课时
教学目标:
1、识记生僻的字
2、找出韵律,熟读并尝试背诵 教学过程:
一、教师有感情、有节奏、有韵味地范读。
云腾致雨(yún téng zhì yǔ),露结为霜(lùjiéwéishuāng)。金生丽水(jīnshēnglìshuǐ),玉出昆冈(yùchūkūngāng)。
二、理解句子意思 云腾致雨:露结为霜:云气升到天空,遇冷就形成雨;露水碰上寒夜,很快凝结为霜。黄金产在金沙江,玉石出在昆仑山岗。
【注释】①丽水:即丽江,又名金沙江,出产黄金。②昆冈:昆仑山。
三、学生练读
1、学生认真跟读。
2、学生自读。
(1)学生自读,教师巡视指导,帮助朗读有困难的学生,及时发现学生朗读中出现的共性问题并随时加以指导。
(2)同桌互读。相互评价优点与不足,通过练习加以纠正。(3)同桌合作读,一人一句。
四、总结
第四课时
教学目标:
1、识记生僻的字
2、找出韵律,熟读并尝试背诵 教学过程:
一、教师有感情、有节奏、有韵味地范读。
剑号巨阙(jiànhàojùquè),珠称夜光(zhūchēngyèguāng)。果珍李柰(guǒzhēnlǐnài),菜重芥姜(càizhòngjièjiāng)。
二、学生练读
1、学生认真跟读。
2、学生自读。
(1)学生自读,教师巡视指导,帮助朗读有困难的学生,及时发现学生朗读中出现的共性问题并随时加以指导。
(2)同桌互读。相互评价优点与不足,通过练习加以纠正。(3)同桌合作读,一人一句。
三、理解字句意思 【注释】①巨阙(què):越王允常命欧冶子铸造了五把宝剑,第一为巨阙,其余依次名为纯钩、湛卢(zhàn lú)、莫邪(mò xié)、鱼肠,全都锋利无比,而以巨阙为最。②夜光:《搜神记》中说,隋侯救好了一条受伤的大蛇,后来大蛇衔了一颗珍珠来报答他的恩情,那珍珠夜间放射出的光辉能照亮整个殿堂,因此人称“夜光珠”。③柰(nài): 果木名,落叶小乔木,花白色,果小。【译文】最锋利的宝剑叫“巨阙”,最贵重的明珠叫“夜光”。水果里最珍贵的是李子和奈子,蔬菜中最重要的是芥菜和生姜。
四、分组比赛背
第五课时
教学目标:
1、识记生僻的字
2、找出韵律,熟读并尝试背诵 教学过程:
一、教师有感情、有节奏、有韵味地范读
海咸河淡(hǎixiánhédàn),鳞潜羽翔(línqiányǔxiáng)。龙师火帝(lóngshīhuǒdì),鸟官人皇(niǎoguānrénhuáng)。
二、学生练读
1、学生认真跟读。
2、学生自读。
(1)学生自读,教师巡视指导,帮助朗读有困难的学生,及时发现学生朗读中出现的共性问题并随时加以指导。
(2)同桌互读。相互评价优点与不足,通过练习加以纠正。(3)同桌合作读,一人一句。
三、理解字句意思
龙师①火帝②,鸟官③人皇④。
【注释】①龙师:相传伏羲氏用龙给百官命名,因此叫他“龙师”。②火帝:神农氏用火给百官命名,因此叫他“火帝”。③鸟官:少昊(hào)氏用鸟给百官命名,叫他“鸟官”。④人皇:传说中的三皇之一。《史记·补三皇本纪》中说:“人皇有九个头,乘着云车,驾着六只大鸟,兄弟九人,分掌九州,各立城邑,共传了150代,合计45600年。
【译文】海水是咸的,河水是淡的,鱼儿在水中潜游,鸟儿在空中飞翔。龙师、火帝、鸟官、人皇,这都是上古时代的帝皇官员。
四、分组比赛背
千字文试题二年级 篇2
2. 卷I答在自行准备的答题卡上;答卷Ⅱ时, 将答案直接写在试卷上。
卷I (选择题, 共70分)
听力部分 (1×20分)
Ⅰ.听句子, 选出句子中所包含的信息。
1. A. pull B. push C. watch
2. A. 8654905 B. 8654095 C. 6854905
3. A. sit down B. look down C. come down
4. A. I was better. B. I was sick. C. I was full.
5. A. The teacher needs help
B. The teacher is in the office.
C. Someone is taking the books to the office.
Ⅱ.听句子, 选出该句的最佳答语。
6. A. All right. B. Me, too. `C. You’re welcome.
7. A. A little, please! B. Tea, please. C. Yes, please.
8. A. That’s true. B. Let’s go. C. Oh, have fun!
9. A. It’s interesting. B. It’s delicious. C. It’s boring.
10. A. It’s sunny. B. I’ll take it. C. I hope so.
Ⅲ .听对话及问题, 选择正确答案。
11. A. A red skirt. B. A white shirt. C. A white skirt.
12. A. To a zoo. B. To a lake. C. To a mountain.
13. A. It’s summer. B. It’s autumn. C. It’s winter.
Ⅳ. 听短文、对话和问题, 选择正确答案。
16. What is Mrs. Li doing when it begins to rain?
A. Talking with others. B. Working in the fi elds. C. Shopping with her friends.
17. How do people feel when they see Mrs. Li?
A. Happy. B. Surprised. C. Nervous.
18. How do animals and men get their food?
A. By drinking water. B. By enjoying air and sunlight. C. By eating plants and other animals.
19. What do the fl owering plants have?
A. Roots, stems, leaves and fruits.
B. Roots, stems, leaves and fl owers.
C. Roots, stems, leaves, fl owers and fruits.
20. How many non-fl owering plants can you see around us?
A. Few. B. No one. C. A lot.
笔试部分 (50分)
V.单项选择 (1×20分)
21. Would you like _________ water?
A. a B. an C. any D. some
22. Mary, keep away from the fi re, _________ you will get burnt.
A. or B. so C. but D. and
23. There are _________ apples in the basket.
A. little B. a little C. much D. a few
24. Can you see the boy _________ on the grass?
A. lied B. lies C. lying D. to lie
25. How does this weather make him _________?
A. feels B. feel C. feeling D. to feel
26. _________ is diffi cult to climb the tall tree.
A. It B. This C. That D. One
27.–My daughter ate a lot of ice cream.
–Yes, _________.
A. so did she B. so she did C. so she was D. so was she
28. Thank you for _________ the show.
A. join B. joins C. to join D. joining
29. Neither he nor I _________ wrong.
A. be B. is C. am D. are
30. Sometimes Kate _________ skating in winter.
A. go B. goes C. going D. gone
31. He has been in China _________ two years.
A. since B. for C. at D. to
32. _________ sleep too late. It’s bad for your health.
A. Do B. Don’t C. Not D. Please not
33. _________ people visited China for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Million B. Millions C. Millions of D. Million of
34. It is not a good place for an animal _________.
A. lives in B. live in C. to live D. to live in
35. When somebody is in _________, you should help him.
A. danger B. dangerous C. safe D. safety
36. –_________ did you stay there?
–We stayed there for about fi ve years.
A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far
37. The sun _________ when we got to the top of the mountain.
A. rise B. rose C. was rising D. is rising
38. –_________ we meet at the park at 7 o’clock?
–OK! See you later!
A. Can B. Shall C. Must D. Do
39. The children _________ the farm tomorrow, aren’t they?
A. visited B. will visit C. would visit D. are going to visit
40. If you __________, you’ll improve yourself soon.
A. study hard B. will study hard C. don’t study hard D. won’t study hard
Ⅵ.完形填空 (1×10分)
41. A. worse B. worst C. better D. best
42. A. on B. at C. in D. from
43. A. a little of B. a few of C. many D. much
44. A. make B. made C. makes D. making
45. A. slow B. slowly C. quick D. quickly
46. A. move B. moves C. moved D. moving
47. A. faster B. higher C. fast D. high
48. A. call B. called C. calling D. calls
49. A. in the front of B. in the middle of C. at the back of D. on the top of
50. A. Another `B. Other C. The others D. The other
Ⅶ.阅读理解 (2×10分)
A
The sun is always shinning. But it can only shine on one side of the earth at a time. When the sun is shinning on one side of the earth, it is night on the other side.
At night, you can see the stars. The stars are in the sky all day. But the light from the sun is so bright that you can’t see them in daytime. When nights come, there is no light, and the stars are bright enough to see. The stars look very small. But some of them are even bigger than the sun. They look small because they are so far away from you. Big things look much smaller when they are far away. The sun is closer to the earth than other stars, so it looks bigger.
51. When it is night, the sun ____________.
A. doesn’t shine B. shines for a short time
C. disappears ( 消失 ) D. shines on the other side of the earth
52. We can’t see the stars in the sky in daytime because ___________.
A. there are no stars there
B. the stars are much smaller than the sun
C. the bright light from the sun makes them not seen
D. the stars come out only at night
53. The stars look small because they ____________.
A. are far away B. are small C. have no light D. are in the sky
54. Small things may look ____________ when they are closer.
A. bigger B. small C. near D. far away
55. The sun looks bigger than other stars because ____________.
A. it’s bigger B. it’s far away in the sky
C. it gives much bright light D. it’s closer to the earth than other stars
B
People’s likes and dislikes are different, so they have different ambitions. Now let’s look at the following characters’ likes, dislikes and ambitions.
56. What does Jim want to be?
A. A worker or a teacher. B. A model or an accountant.
C. A salesman or a detective. D. A doctor or a social worker.
57. Who doesn’t enjoy working in the same place?
A. Larry. B. Anita. C. Jill. D. Maria.
58. Who wants to be a teacher or a nurse?
A. Anita. B. Jill. C. Maria. D. Jim.
59. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Jim likes working nights and weekends. B. Jill doesn’t like being in noisy places.
C. Maria enjoys wearing different clothes everyday. D. Anita really likes doing things with her parents.
60. What does the underlined word“stand”mean in the passage?
A. 忍受B. 站立C. 理解D. 想象
八年级第二学期期中考试
八年级英语听力部分
考生注意:该试卷听力部分共有四道大题。请你听完录音后将所选答案的对应标号填入答题纸上相应的位置。 (停顿5秒……)
现在是听力试音时间。 (停顿5秒……)
W: How do you do?
M: How do you do?
W: What’s your name?
M: My name is Tom.
W: How old are you?
M: I’m 13 years old.
试音到此结束。 (停顿2秒……) 听力测试现在正式开始。
第一题 : 听句子 , 选出句子中所包含的信息 . 下面你将听到五个句子 , 每个句子读两遍。请你听完句子的第二遍朗读后, 从各小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中, 选出包含所听信息的选项。 (每句重复间隔2秒, 每题间隔6秒)
No.1. Let’s push the chair under the desk.
No.2.We can meet on the Internet. My QQ number is 8654905.
No.3. It’s dangerous in the tree. Please come down.
No.4. I went to the doctor and he gave me some medicine.
No.5. Well, I really need someone to take these books to my offi ce.
第二题:听句子, 选出该句的最佳答语。下面你将听到五个句子 , 每个句子读两遍。请你听完句子的第二遍朗读后, 从各小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中, 选出该句的最佳答语。 (每句重复间隔2秒, 每题间隔6秒)
No.6. Thanks for helping me.
No.7. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
No.8. It’s a nice day. I’m going out with Allen this afternoon.
No.9. Why do you like science?
No.10. What’s the weather like today?
第三题:听对话及问题, 选择正确答案。下面你将听到五组对话和问题 , 每组对话和问题读两遍。请你听完对话和问题的第二遍朗读后, 从各小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中找出正确答案。 (每组重复间隔2秒, 每题间隔10秒)
No.11. M: What should I get my sister for her birthday?
W: You can get her a skirt.
M: What a good idea! I could give her a white one.
Q: What will the man give his sister for her birthday?
No.12. M: What fi ne weather! Let’s go somewhere today!
W: Good idea. But where shall we go? The zoo?
M: No. I don’t want to go there. How about boating on the lake?
W: OK. Don’t forget to take your cap and sunglasses.
Q: Where will they go?
No.13. M: What about going out and making a snowman with me, Jenny?
W: Why not? I’d love to. When? Right now? I can’t wait.
Q: What season do you think it is now?
No.14. W: Bill, look at that cup with three legs. It’s strange.
M: Yes, it’s very beautiful. Let me take a picture of it.
W: No. Look at that sign. I don’t think it is allowed here.
M: OK, I won’t.
Q: Which sign did they see?
No.15. M: Would you like something to eat?
W: Yes, please.
M: What would you like, bread or hamburgers?
W: Neither. I only want sandwiches.
Q: What does the woman want to eat?
第四题:听短文, 选择正确答案。下面你将听到两篇短文和五个问题, 短文和问题读两遍。请你听完短文和问题的第二遍朗读后, 根据其意思, 从各小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中, 找出正确答案。 (每组重复间隔2秒, 每题间隔12秒)
下面请听第一篇短文并回答第16—17题。
Mrs. Li is growing vegetables in the fi elds. Soon it begins to rain. Mrs. Li stops working and wants to go back home. Just then she sees her son Xiaohan running to her with something. It is her raincoat! But Xiaohan forgot to bring his own raincoat. They have to go home in one raincoat. Some people are surprised when they see Mrs. Li and four feet. When Xiaohan comes out of the raincoat and says “hello”, they all laugh.
Question No.16. What is Mrs. Li doing when it begins to rain?
Question No.17. How do people feel when they see Mrs. Li?
下面请听第二篇短文并回答第18—20题。
Animals and men get their food by eating plants and other animals. Plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. There are two main kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants have roots, stems, leaves, fl owers and fruits. Almost all the trees around us are fl owering plants. So we can see few non-fl owering plants around us.
Question No. 18. How do animals and men get their food?
Question No. 19. What do the fl owering plants have?
Question No. 20. How many non-fl owering plants can you see around us?
千字文试题二年级 篇3
(A)请将下列单词或短语归类。
pencil, sharpener, apple, sofa, broccoli, dresser, tomato, backpack
orange, bookcase, ruler, table, strawberry, chair, banana, carrot
1. Furniture: ____
2. Fruit: ____
3. Vegetable: ____
4. Stationery: ____
(B)请根据句意及首字母提示,补全所缺单词。
1. ——May I have a look at your watch?
——Sure. H____ you are.
2. The red hat is b____. Can you show me a small one?
3. This ruler is short. Do you have a l____ one?
4. Let’s eat h____ food.
5. Mike likes milk, hamburgers and bananas for b____.
6. ——What f____ does your mother like?
——She likes apples.
7. He d____ like eggs for lunch, but he likes chicken.
8. I don’t want to watch TV. It’s b____.
9. Do you have two tennis r____?
10. Tom has a s____ sports collection. He has only three footballs and one baseball.
(C)请根据句意,选择正确的词语填空。
1. I ____(doesn’t, don’t) watch TV every day.
2. Do ____ (you, he) have a notebook?
3. ——Does Mike have a baseball?
——Yes, he ____(does, has).
4. Let’s play ____(a volleyball, volleyball).
5. Can you take these ____(thing, things) away?
6. My backpack ____(is, are) on the bed.
7. My father ____(has, have) two computers.
8. Can I have a look at ____(you, your) watch?
9. ____(Thanks, Thank) a lot for helping me.
10. ____(What, How much) is your phone number?
Ⅱ.单项选择
1. They ____ like eggs for breakfast.
A. aren’tB. doesn’tC. don’t
2. This is Mr. Hu’s watch. Please give it to ____.
A. himB. herC. he
3. ____, where’s the clothing store?
A. SorryB. Excuse meC. All right
4. ——Do you have a ruler? ——____.
A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I amC. Yes, I do
5. ——Is this your pen? ——Yes, ____.
A. it isB. it’sC. is
6. My mother ____ to eat chicken for lunch.
A. not likesB. doesn’t likeC. isn’t like
7. ——What’s in the bag?
——____.
A. Yes, they areB. Some applesC. It’s Tom’s
8. ——Does your sister have a football ____ a baseball?
——She has a football.
A. butB. andC. or
9. ——Is there a backpack on the chair?
——Yes, ____.
A. it isB. it doesC. there is
10. ——Which ____ do you like?
——Basketball.
A. musicB. foodC. sport
Ⅲ.连词成句。请将下列单词按正确的顺序组合成句,并加上适当的标点。
1. I, like, don’t, T-shirt, your.
_________________________
2. do, spell, you, how, it?
_________________________
3. doesn’t, a, blue, have backpack, he.
_________________________
4. color, what, apples your, are.
_________________________
5. books, the, bedroom, in, are, my.
_________________________
Ⅳ.情景交际。请从方框中选出正确答语。
A. My baseball.
B. Yes, they are.
C. No, it isn’t.
D. They’re on the table.
E. It’s on the dresser.
1. Are your keys under the sofa?
2. Where’s your hat?
3. What’s under the bed?
4. Is your ID card on the dresser?
5. Where are your pencils?
Ⅴ.补全对话。请根据对话情景补全所缺内容。
Elena: Do you have bags?
Mr. Smith: __1__. I have bags in all colors.
Elena: __2__?
Mr. Smith: They’re on the desk.
Elena: __3__?
Mr. Smith: Yes, I do. I have all kinds of pens.
Elena: __4__?
Mr. Smith: Yes, they are all in the dresser.
Elena: __5__?
Mr. Smith: My bags? They are in the dresser, too.
Ⅵ.对话组合。请将下列句子重新排列成一段对话。
1. I like oranges very much. How about sports?
2. Do you like soccer?
3. Really?
4. Yes, of course I do!
5. No, I don’t like soccer at all!
6. I like apples and bananas, but I don’t like oranges.
7. I like basketball and swimming.
8. Do you like fruit, Kate?
9. What kind of fruit do you like?
10. Yes, what about you?
Ⅶ.完形填空
I have a beautiful room. The color of the wall is __1__ because I __2__ pink very much. I also __3__ lots of clothes __4__ pink. The TV and video cassettes are __5__ the table. My table is orange and it __6__ like one kind of __7__. My alarm clock, ID card and __8__ are on the dresser __9__ my bed. My bed is __10__ and it is pink, too.
1. A. blackB. pinkC. white
2. A. likeB. drawC. want
3. A. hasB. haveC. sells
4. A. inB. atC. on
5. A. inB. betweenC. on
6. A. watchesB. seesC. looks
7. A. foodB. vegetableC. fruit
8. A. keysB. shoesC. chair
9. A. betweenB. next toC. behind
10. A. relaxingB. greenC. small
Ⅷ.阅读理解
(A)
One day Peter says to his mother, “Mum, everyone in our class says I have a big head.” Then he cries(哭). “Don’t listen to them, my son. You have a beautiful head,” his mother says. “Now, don’t cry. Let’s go to the shop and buy some apples for you.” “But, Mum, where is the bag?” Peter asks. “I don’t have a bag.” “Just use your big hat,” his mother says.
请根据短文内容判断下列各句正(T)误(F)。
1. Peter’s classmates say Peter has a big head.
2. Peter’s mother thinks Peter has a big head, too.
3. They want to go to shop for some vegetables.
4. Peter’s mother has a big hat.
5. Peter really has a big head.
(B)
Zhao Jun is five years old. He likes watching TV. He says that cartoons are very interesting. It is about five o’clock. His grandfather comes back from the hospital. And his parents come back from the same school at about six.
They have dinner at 6:30. When they sit at table, Zhao Jun puts lots of chicken into his grandmother’s bowl(碗). His grandmother smiles and says, “Thank you, Zhao Jun. My teeth(牙齿) are not good. I can’t eat chicken.”
“Don’t worry, grandma,” says Zhao Jun, “I can eat it instead of (代替) you.”
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
1. Zhao Jun is a ____.
A. girl B. boy C. student
2. Zhao Jun ____ at home.
A. watches TVB. reads booksC. draws cartoons
3. His parents work in a ____.
A. park B. hospital C. school
4. Zhao Jun likes eating ____.
A. chicken B. eggs C. hamburgers
5. The family has ____ people.
A. seven B. five C. six
(C)
Barry is the only child in the family. His grandparents look after him. They love him and he loves them, too. But when they have food, Barry isn’t happy.
His grandfather takes chicken to him. And he says chicken can help Barry to be tall. But his grandmother brings eggs for him. She says eggs can help him to be strong.
The father tells Barry to eat hamburgers and French fries. He says they can make people strong. But his mother says they can only make people fat. She tells Barry to eat a lot of broccoli, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables. There are many vitamins (维生素) in them. A fat boy can’t be a strong boy.
Barry says to them, “I don’t want to eat the food you ask me to eat. I like eating ice creams, apples, bananas, oranges and other fruit.”
根据短文内容,回答下列问题
1. Does Barry have a brother?
_________________________
2. What does his grandfather ask him to eat?
_________________________
3. What food does his grandmother bring for him?
_________________________
4. Do his parents ask him to eat different food?
_________________________
5. What is Barry’s favorite food?
_________________________
Ⅸ.书面表达
请你向同学们介绍你自己,包括:姓名、年龄、班级、学校、家庭情况,以及你最喜欢的学习科目、食品、颜色等。
二年级试题语文测试题 篇4
鼻 巾 育 炎 季 医 武 窜 戏 游
互 爪 关 相 秒 廊 取 激 扯 兽
言 救 死 淋 轮 赶 拜 概 凡 赤
二、基础知识。(65分)
1、看拼音写词语。(10%)
gōng jiàn jiā tíng mào mì xìng fu bá diào
xún luó nài xīn jí xíang jiān yìng yǒng gǎn
2、给下面的字加是偏旁组成新字,再用这个新字组成词。(9%)
3、把下列词语补充完整。(9%)
水山 领先 星月
立求 天日 天地
灯彩 狐虎 心手
4、照样子,按要求写词语。(4%)
①表示节日的词语:春节_________ _______ ________ ___________
②有关动物名称的词:狮子________ _________ _________ _________
5、选择合适的词语填空。(8%)
陆续 连续 继续
早晨,同学们来到学校。
王诚三年被评为“三好学生”。
演算 心算 计算
做口算题目时,我们常常需要。
上数学课时,我们常常在黑板上。
6、填上合适的词,把句子写具体。
①自习课,同学们坐在教室里写字。
②春天,公园里开满了花儿。
③国旗在国歌声中升起。
7、把下面的句子补充完整,并加上标点符号。
①冬冬为什么____________________________
②____________________________多么感人啊
③我最爱看的书是________________________
8、根据课文内容填空。(10%)
①每年春天,天气__________________,湖水________________,一群一群的鸟儿就陆续____________________。它们在这里______________________。________________________。
②慈母手中线,__________________,临行密密缝,____________________。
四年级用--千字文全文 篇5
《千字文》全文 四年级用
《千字文》是中国早期的蒙学课本,相传为南朝人周兴嗣所作。它是四言长文,句句押韵,文笔优美,辞藻华丽,朗朗上口,涵盖了天文、地理、自然、社会、历史等多方面的知识。《千字文》在中国古代的童蒙读物中,是一篇承上启下的作品,它不仅是启蒙和教育儿童的最佳读物,更是一部生动优秀的小百科。
文中1000字本来不得有所重复,但周兴嗣在编纂文章时,却重复了一个“洁”字(洁、絜为同义异体字),因此,《千字文》实际只运用了999字。《千字文》对仗工整,条理清晰,文采斐然,令人称绝;其精思巧构,知识丰瞻,音韵谐美,宜蒙童记诵,故成为千百年蒙学教科书。
千字文全文带拼音
天地玄黄(tiān dì xuán huáng),宇宙洪荒(yǔ zhîu hïng huāng)。日月盈昃(rì yuâ yíng zâ),辰宿列张(chãn xiù liâ zhāng)。寒来暑往(hán lái shǔ wǎng),秋收冬藏(qiū shōu dōng cáng)。闰馀成岁(rùn yú chãng suì),律吕调阳(lǜ lǚ tiáo yáng)。云腾致雨(yún tãng zhì yǔ),露结为霜(lù jiã wãi shuāng)。金生丽水(jīn shēng lí shuǐ),玉出昆冈(yù chū kūn gāng)。剑号巨阙(jiàn hào jù quâ),珠称夜光(zhū chēng yâ guāng)。果珍李柰(guǒ zhēn lǐ nài),菜重芥姜(cài zhîng jiâ jiāng)。海咸河淡(hǎi xián hã dàn),鳞潜羽翔(lín qián yǔ xiáng)。龙师火帝(lïng shī huǒ dì),鸟官人皇(niǎo guān rãn huáng)。始制文字(shǐzhì wãn zì),乃服衣裳(nǎi fú yī shāng)。推位让国(tuī wâi ràng guï),有虞陶唐(yǒu yú táo táng)。吊民伐罪(diào mín fá zuì),周发殷汤(zhōu fā yīn tāng)。
二年级数学试题 篇6
1.1米=厘米70厘米+30厘米=()米
37厘米+5厘米=()厘米23米-8米=()米
2.6个3相加,写成乘法算式是(),这个式子读作()
3.在下面的()里最大能填几?
()×6<27()<3×74×()<1535>7×()
4.在算式4×7=28中,4是(),7是(),28是()。
5.把下面的口诀补充完整。
八九()()二十四
6.1米=()厘米1米40厘米=()厘米
7.3+3+3+6+3可以改写成乘法算式3×(),也可以改写成6×()。
8.□×□=□×□=24□×□=□×□=36
9.在括号里填上“米”或“厘米”。
床长约2()铅笔长约16()
跑道一圈长400()小明高1()40()
一条黄瓜长20()教室长约8()
10.在○里填上“>”、“<”或“=”,在○里填上“+”、“-”、或“×”。
46+7○8×72×6○3×436—9○5×590厘米○8米
5○8=407○8=156○8=488○5=3
11.一个角有()个顶点,()条边。
12.3个9相加的.和是();3和9相加的和是();
13.一个直角和一个锐角可以拼成一个()。
14.积是18的口诀有()和()。
15.
有()个(),可以写成加法算式(),
也可以写成乘法算式()×()=(),读作()
十说《字频千字文》(一) 篇7
学龄前儿童要不要识字, 已经是个不必再争论的问题。事实是, 现在恐怕没有哪个小孩入学前一个字都不认识。他们通过各种途径和方式, 认识几百字的大有人在, 认识两三千字的也不少见。
4-6岁的学龄前儿童, 口头语言的发展已经为书面语言的发展奠定了良好的基础, 正处在书面语言发展的关键期。错过这个儿童书面语言发展的黄金期, 是对儿童生命的不尊重。抓住这个关键期, 让儿童认识一些常用字, 对孩子的语言、智力的发展, 对减轻入学后识字量大的压力是有益的。
现在看来, 入学前就认识一些字, 已经不仅是家长们的“一厢情愿”。孩子们每日面对各种媒体的“诱惑”, 认识字的愿望也在“与日俱增”, 认识一些字的孩子已经从独立阅读中获得了成长的营养和心灵的愉悦。那么, 学龄前儿童到底认识多少字比较合适呢?
有人主张认识500个基本字, 有人主张多多益善。有些说是“专门为学前儿童编写的识字教材”里面竟然有3000字、4000字、5000字。有的人甚至提出了要“让儿童在一年的时间里, 学会一生常用字”的主张。有的人把这样的识字教材吹嘘成“当今最好的识字教材”。于是, 社会上一些为了兜售他们教材的不负责任的书商, 刮起了一股比识字量的歪风, 似乎儿童识字越多越好。
一个不能忽视的事实是, 儿童接受识字教育的任务应当在学校完成, 而不是在学前。不能因为学前识字有必要, 就取消或取代学校的识字教育, 这既无必要, 更不可能完成一生的识字任务。
识字的目的是用字。认识的字, 也必须在不断应用中加以巩固。对学龄前儿童来说, 字的主要用途不是写什么, 而是阅读社会生活中的各种文字, 或者阅读一些低幼读物。这种阅读是初步的、最简单的, 进行这样的阅读活动, 需要多少字, 需要哪些字, 是为学前儿童编写识字教材必须首先弄清楚的。
本人手中有许多字频表, 尽管这些字频表统计的时间不同、语料的构成不同, 语料的多少有别, 但是在高频段覆盖率相同或接近的情况下, 字量和字种是非常接近的。只要认识500左右字, 就可以读懂文本75%-80%的内容;只要认识1000左右字, 就可以读懂文本90%左右的内容。如果认识了频率最高的500字, 去读文章, 可能会遇到20%-25%的生字, 阅读的困难可想而知。倘若认识了频率最高的1000字再读文章, 可能只会遇到10%左右的生字, 阅读的困难虽然依然存在, 却可以通过上下文语境中的联想和对形声字字义的猜想, 基本读懂文章的主要内容和情节。
再有, 儿童阅读的读物内容与成人是不同的。我手中的一个儿童读物字频统计表告诉我们:只要认识1000个字频最高的字, 就可以认识文章中92.50%的字, 阅读中的文字障碍会变得很小。
另有一项词频统计分析资料告诉我们, 在庞大的语料中, 表示人名、地名、时间等“言语词”占到总词量的93%;而动词、形容词、副词、助词等“语文词”, 则只占到7%。也就是说, 占总词量93%的“言语词”, 在文本中只有7%的覆盖率;而占到7%的“语文词”, 则占有93%的覆盖率。言语词都属于低频词, 语文词则是高频词。所以, 1000个高频字可以构成15000多个高频词, 这些词可以覆盖文本的93%以上。这个资料, 从词频统计的角度证明, 只要认识了1000个高频字, 也就掌握了由这些字组成的一万多个高频词, 阅读儿童读物, 特别是学前读物, 字量的储备是充足的。古代的蒙学课本《千字文》之所以只有1000字, 也是根据古人对常用字的认识和用字经验决定的。
我曾经编写了四套《字频识字》教材, 编写的实践也证明了1000字是恰当的。当可用字量不足500字时, 为了写好一个句子或短文, 总是因为字的储备不足而力不从心。当字的储备接近1000个高频字时, 写出千字左右的文章都不感到费力, 反而会有如鱼得水般的惬意。
所以, 我主张学前儿童应当学习1000个高频字, 不是因为要编“千字文”才决定学1000字。我们几年的教学实践已经充分证明, 学习1000字不仅是必要的, 而且是可行的。我们的教学实验点大多用半年时间就可以轻松学完并记住这1000字。
教材用字多, 不代表高质量, 也不能决定最终识字的数量。决定高质量的是字种的选择和字量的恰当。学高频字, 少也是多;学低频字, 多也是少。学的多, 记住的少, 谈不上科学和质量;学的不多, 遗忘率低, 才是高效益。
这本教材选定的1000个高频字, 既不是根据成人字频表选定的, 也不是根据儿童读物字频表选定的, 而是从我自己研制的《儿童分级识字量表》中, 按频率和级别的高低选定的。
《儿童分级识字量表》, 是以一个430万字儿童读物的字频统计为基础, 参考近年通用的、有影响的字频统计资料编制而成。按覆盖儿童读物的80%、90%、95%、99%把高频字分为四级。各级字的字量分别是500字、900字、1300字、2300字。《字频千字文》把前500字全部选入, 前900字, 入选890个, 又从三级和四级字中选110字, 共1000字。编写了72句、每句14个字的口诀, 其中用了8个多音字。
《字频千字文》编成后, 请人进行验证统计, 结果显示, 这1000字可以覆盖儿童读物92%的字种, 可以覆盖国家语委核心语料库88.99%的字种。说明这1000字不仅在儿童读物中具有90%以上的覆盖率, 在成人读物中的覆盖率也接近90%。
衡量识字效果如何, 不能以数量的多少作为唯一标准, 还有个质量问题。所谓识字的质量, 不仅包括巩固率, 更包括所识的字的功能和价值, 即用处大小。
二、《字频千字文》按字频安排识字顺序
选择多少字重要, 选择哪些字也重要, 如何安排这些字的学习顺序更重要。一般的识字教材编写, 采用的是“字从文”的做法, 先选课文, 然后指定课文中的某些字为生字, 结合阅读教学进行重点学习。“字”的出现顺序服从“文”的需要。在这样的教材中, 字的出现是被动、“无序”的。
有的识字教材曾尝试以字音为序, 以字形为序和以字义为序, 这些排序方法虽然都有各自的优势, 却都因为找不到字与字之间的内在联系, 排不出能够被人们普遍认可的科学顺序, 因而也不可能产生高质量、高效益。有的识字教材虽然也主张学高频字, 但不是按字频高低的顺序学习, 也不会产生高效益。
识字是为了用字, 什么字用得多, 就先学什么, 什么字用得少, 就后学那些字, 以“字用”为序, 才是识字教学应当采用的顺序。能够表示一个字在一定数量的语料中使用次数的数据叫字频。字频也就是字的使用频率、通用度、熟悉度、稳定度。字频表不仅为我们提供每个字的频率和排序位置, 还提供一定数量的字在语料总量中的累计频率, 即这些字所占的比例, 或叫覆盖面。字的频率和累积频率是建立在科学统计基础之上的, 具有科学性。所以, 只有以字频的高低顺序作为识字先后的顺序, 先学高频字, 后学低频字, 识字教学才能走上科学、高效的轨道。
先学高频字, 后学低频字是字频为序的本质。但是, 它不是按字频序号一个字一个字地进行教学。把以字频为序机械地理解为严格地按频率次序进行教学是不对的。序, 是教学的脉络、线索, 不是教学本身。它属于方法的范畴, 不属于内容的范畴。它是编写、构建教材的方法、思路, 而不是教材描述和表现的对象。这和工序不等于产品是一个道理。
严格地按频率次序进行教学, 没有办法组织起有效的、能激起儿童学习兴趣的教材内容和科学结构。但是, 根据字频表提供的信息, 把累计频率达到某一比例的字作为一个“等级”, 再在这些“等级”内按字频高低排列起来, 形成一个层进式的梯级结构, 是可行的。所以, 按字频排序, 实际上就是先学字频等级高的字, 后学字频等级低的字。从整体上看, 这样做就是体现了先高频、后低频的原则。
根据这样的思路, 我先把字频最高的500字分成两部分。先用字频最高的200字开始编写口诀, 在保证文从字顺和单元内容主题的前提下, 尽可能少地选用其余300字中的字。当前500个一级字使用完之后, 二级字也使用了一部分。以此类推, 直到基本用完前二级 (1000字) 和部分三级字, 完成全部口诀的编写。
《千字文》内容的理解 篇8
关键词:千字文;评析;解读
中图分类号:G622 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1002-7661(2014)01-196-01
原文:天地玄黄,宇宙洪荒。日月盈昃,辰宿列张。寒来暑往,秋收冬藏。闰余成岁,律吕调阳。云腾致雨,露结为霜。金生丽水,玉出昆冈。剑号巨阙,珠称夜光。果珍李柰,菜重芥姜。海咸河淡,鳞潜羽翔。龙师火帝,鸟官人皇。始制文字,乃服衣裳。推位让国,有虞陶唐。吊民伐罪,周发殷汤。坐朝问道,垂拱平章。爱育黎首,臣伏戎羌。遐迩一体,率宾归王。鸣凤在竹,白驹食场。化被草木,赖及万方。
盖此身发,四大五常。恭惟鞠养,岂敢毁伤。女慕贞洁,男效才良。知过必改,得能莫忘。罔谈彼短,靡恃己长。信使可覆,器欲难量。墨悲丝染,诗赞羔羊。景行维贤,克念作圣。德建名立,形端表正。空谷传声,虚堂习听。祸因恶积,福缘善庆。尺璧非宝,寸阴是竞。资父事君,曰严与敬。孝当竭力,
忠则尽命。临深履薄,夙兴温凊。似兰斯馨,如松之盛。川流不息,渊澄取映。容止若思,言辞安定。笃初诚美,慎终宜令。荣业所基,籍甚无竟。学优登仕,摄职从政。存以甘棠,去而益咏。乐殊贵贱,礼别尊卑。上和下睦,夫唱妇随。外受傅训,入奉母仪。诸姑伯叔,犹子比儿。孔怀兄弟,同气连枝。交友投分,切磨箴规。仁慈隐恻,造次弗离。节义廉退,颠沛匪亏。性静情逸,心动神疲。守真志满,逐物意移。坚持雅操,好爵自縻。
都邑华夏,东西二京。背邙面洛,浮渭据泾。宫殿盘郁,楼观飞惊。图写禽兽,画彩仙灵。丙舍旁启,甲帐对楹。肆筵设席,鼓瑟吹笙。升阶纳陛,弁转疑星。右通广内,左达承明。既集坟典,亦聚群英。杜稿钟隶,漆书壁经。府罗将相,路侠槐卿。户封八县,家给千兵。高冠陪辇,驱毂振缨。世禄侈富,车驾肥轻。策功茂实,勒碑刻铭。盘溪伊尹,佐时阿衡。奄宅曲阜,微旦孰营。桓公匡合,济弱扶倾。绮回汉惠,说感武丁。
俊义密勿,多士实宁。晋楚更霸,赵魏困横。假途灭虢,践土会盟。何遵约法,韩弊烦刑。起翦颇牧,用军最精。宣威沙漠,驰誉丹青。九州禹迹,百郡秦并。岳宗泰岱,禅主云亭。雁门紫塞,鸡田赤诚。昆池碣石,钜野洞庭。旷远绵邈,岩岫杳冥。
治本于农,务兹稼穑。俶载南亩,我艺黍稷。税熟贡新,劝赏黜陟。孟轲敦素,史鱼秉直。庶几中庸,劳谦谨敕。聆音察理,鉴貌辨色。贻厥嘉猷,勉其祗植。省躬讥诫,宠增抗极。殆辱近耻,林皋幸即。两疏见机,解组谁逼。索居闲处,沉默寂寥。求古寻论,散虑逍遥。欣奏累遣,戚谢欢招。渠荷的历,园莽抽条。枇杷晚翠,梧桐蚤凋。陈根委翳,落叶飘摇。游鹍独运,凌摩绛霄。耽读玩市,寓目囊箱。易輶攸畏,属耳垣墙。具膳餐饭,适口充肠。饱饫烹宰,饥厌糟糠。亲戚故旧,老少异粮。妾御绩纺,侍巾帷房。纨扇圆洁,银烛炜煌。昼眠夕寐,蓝笋象床。弦歌酒宴,接杯举殇。矫手顿足,悦豫且康。嫡后嗣续,祭祀烝尝。稽颡再拜,悚惧恐惶。笺牒简要,顾答审详。骸垢想浴,执热愿凉。驴骡犊特,骇跃超骧。诛斩贼盗,捕获叛亡。布射僚丸,嵇琴阮箫。恬笔伦纸,钧巧任钓。释纷利俗,并皆佳妙。毛施淑姿,工颦妍笑。年矢每催,曦晖朗曜。璇玑悬斡,晦魄环照。指薪修祜,永绥吉劭。矩步引领,俯仰廊庙。束带矜庄,徘徊瞻眺。孤陋寡闻,愚蒙等诮。
谓语助者,焉哉乎也。
评析:
《千字文》根据史书记载,是南朝梁武帝在位时期(502~549年)编成的,其编者是梁朝散骑侍郎、给事中周兴嗣,古人多简称其为《千文》,它在“三、百、千”中虽排在最后成书时间却最早,也是“三、百、千”中唯一确切知道成书时间和作者的一部书。
《千字文》问世1400多年来的历史表明,它既是一部优秀的童蒙读物,也是中国优秀传统文化的一个组成部分,得到了人们的普遍重视和喜爱。
《千字文》在中国古代的童蒙读物中,是一篇承上启下的作品。它优美的文笔,华丽的辞藻,令任何一部童蒙读物都望尘莫及。
《千字文》每4字一句,共250句,一千个字。其中有一字重复,即“洁”字,此字在文中出现两次:“女慕贞洁”、“纨扇圆洁”。
《千字文》行文流畅,气势磅礴,辞藻华丽,内容丰富。但由于时代久远,很多内容已不易理解。现依据清人汪啸尹、孙谦益的说法,对《千字文》的内容作大致介绍。这两人参注的《千字文释义》将《千字文》分为四个部分,称为四章。
第一部分从第一句“天地玄黄”至第三十六句“赖及万方”;
第二部分从第三十七句“盖此身发”至第一百零二句“好爵自靡”;
第三部分从第一百零三句“都邑华夏”至第一百六十二句“严岫杳冥”;
第四部分从第一百六十三句“治本于农”至第二百四十八句“愚蒙等诮”。
最后两句“谓语助者,焉哉乎也”,没有特别含义,将其单列出来。
《千字文》第一部分从天地开辟讲起。有了天地,就有了日月、星辰、云雨、霜雾和四时寒暑的变化;也就有了孕生于大地的金玉、铁器(剑)、珍宝、果品、菜蔬,以及江河湖海、飞鸟游鱼;天地之间也就出现了人和时代的变迁。《千字文》讲述了人类的早期历史和商汤、周武王时的盛世景光,即“坐朝问道,垂拱平章。爱育黎首,臣伏戎羌。遐迩一体,率宾归王。鸣凤在竹,白驹食场。化被草木,赖及万方”。