refuse的用法总结初中

refuse的用法总结初中（共3篇）

refuse的用法总结初中 篇1

过去式: refused

过去分词: refused

现在分词: refusing

refuse的用法：

refuse的用法1：refuse的基本意思是“拒绝”,指由于不情愿或不愿意而对某项要求或事物给予否定的回答或不接受某物或不肯做某事。在口语中, refuse还可接表示饮食的名词作宾语,意为“吃不来…,喝不来…”。

refuse的用法2：refuse可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后可接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,有时也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化成介词to的宾语。可用于被动结构。

refuse的用法3：refuse的主语一般为人,但间或也可用动物或无生命事物作主语。

refuse的用法4：refuse可用于进行体,表示“坚持”。

refuse的用法总结初中 篇2

1、形容词作定语

The little boy needs a blue pen. (little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.) /小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。

2、数词作定语相当于形容词

Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

3、代词或名词所有格作定语

His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

4、名词作定语

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

以上作定语的用法与汉语基本相同, 且定语的位置与汉语也相似, 都是放在修饰词的前面, 我们称为定语前置。在英语中, 更多的是定语后置, 即定语放在修饰词的后面。如:

1、介词短语作定语

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9, and three of 10.

有两个9岁的, 三个10岁的男孩。

2、副词作定语

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

3、不定式作定语

The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。

4、分词 (短语) 作定语

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的。

初中英语主谓一致用法归纳 篇3

一、语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词要用单数形式; 主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。

1. 当and或both…and…连接两个或两个以上名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Tom and Mike are good friends.

Both Lucy and Lily are students.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。

The poet and writer has come. ( 这里的poet and writer指同一个人)

2. 以单数名词或不定代词、动词不定式短语、v + ing 形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数;

Everyone is ready for the math exam.

To see is to believe.

Staying up late is bad for your health.

3. 在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的 A 部分保持一致。

together with,along with或with,besides / but / except + A+ 谓语动词 + 其它,A + as well as,including,rather than,like

如: The women with two children is my aunt.

注意: 主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。

Mr. Smith,followed by his wife and three children,has justarrived.

二、意义一致原则

(一) 谓语动词为单数的情况

1. every…and( every) …; each…and( each) …

no…and( no) …; many a…and ( many a) …连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

Every desk and every chair is made of wood.

Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.

2. one / every one / each / either / the number of 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

Each of the students has a book.

The number of the teachers in our school is 170.

3. clothing,furniture, traffic, jewelery, baggage, equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.

4. news,maths ,physics,politics 等词貌似复数,实为单数的名词作主语,其谓语动词用单数。

Maths is my favorite subject.

5. 当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报刊、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

The New York Times is reading all over the United States.

The United States is the second largest country in the world.

6. 表示时间、距离、重量、价格、度量衡等名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。

Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.

One hundred miles was covered in a single night.

7. 表示“…… 加 ( 减、乘或除) …… 等于 ……”结构作主语、谓语动词用单数形式。

What’s one hundred and one hundred?

Three thousand times two is six thousand.

8. 非谓语动词,名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。

(二) 谓语动词为复数的情况

1. trousers, clothes, glasses, compasses ( 圆 规 ) ,chopsticks,scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

———What color are Jim’s trousers?

———They’re brown.

注意: 当trousers,clothes,compasses,chopsticks前有apair of短语时,谓语动词则用单数形式。

This pair of glasses is Mr. Green’s.

2. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等 s 结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

The Olympic Games are held once every four years.

3. people,police,cattle 等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

The police are looking for the missing child.

4.“the + 形容词”表一类,作主语,谓语动词用复数。

The old are taken good care of.

5. English,Chinese,Japanese 等与 the 连用时表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数。

The English speak English. 英国人说英语。

The Chinese are kind and friendly.

6. a number of / quantities of / a group of + 名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。

A number of students are playing basketball now.

(三) 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

1. 集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government,majority,group等作主语,强调整体用单数,如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词则用复数形式。

My family is a small one with three people.

My family are music lovers.

2. 不定代词由all,most,more,some any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数; 如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。

All of the work has been finished.

All of the people have gone.

3.“half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。

Part of the work has been done by us.

Ten percent of the apples were bad.

注意: population作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

The population of China is 13. 6 billion and 70% of thpopulation are peasants.

4.“none of + 名词”作主语,名词为不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式; 名词为可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。

None of them has / have arrived.

三、就近一致原则

1. 由or,either…or,neither…not… ,not only…but also…等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的主语的名词的单复数保持一致。

Not only he but also I am invited.

Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.

注意: 在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语( 即临近的一个主语) 保持一致。

( 1) You or he__to blame. 你或他有一个要受责备。

( 2)__you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他?

A. is IsB. are AreC. is AreD. are Is

根据以上规则正确答案为C

2. There be 结构或 Here be 结构后跟并列主语,谓语动词be 在数上应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There are two pictures and a map of China on the wall.

There is a map of China and two pictures on the wall.

注意: 由as well as,with,together with,but ,except等构成的短语作主语,谓语动词的数取决于前面的主语。

Mr. Hu together with his friends goes shopping every Sunday.

练习:

一、改错

1. Both paper and ink is used up.

2. Eating too much are bad for your health.

3. This pair of shoes are my brother’s.

4. Each of the boys have a dictionary.

5. Every one of the students in Class Two have two books.

6. I think maths are very difficult to learn.

7. A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.

8. The mother with two children often go to the town.

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

9.__ ( be) everything ok?

10. Nobody__ ( know) the answer to the question.

11. Ten divided by two__ ( be) five.

12. Most of the drinking water__ ( be ) from theBlack River.

13. Not only she but also I__ ( do) morning exercises every day.

14. Either you or she__ ( have) made a wrong decision.

15. The family__ ( be) spending the weekend together.

16. Bread and butter__ ( be) her daily breakfast.

17. The police__ ( be) trying to catch the thief.

Keys:

一、改错

1. is改为are 2. are改为is 3. are改为is

4. have改为has 5. have改为has 6. are改为is

7. has改为have 8. go改为goes

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

9. Is 10. knows 11. is 12. is 13. do