非谓语动词不定式高三

非谓语动词不定式高三（共8篇）

非谓语动词不定式高三 篇1

非谓语动词-动词不定式

问题：

1. 动词不定式在句中可以充当哪些成分?

2. 动词不定式有几种时态和语态的变化?

3. 动词不定式和动名词做主语有什么区别?

4. 介词后可以用动词不定式做宾语吗?

5. 哪些动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语时要省略to?

6. 动词不定式可以做哪些状语呢?

7. 哪些情况下常用动词不定式做定语?

8. 做插入语的动词不定式常见的有哪些?

Exercise 1: 判断：下列动词不定式在句中充当什么成分?

1. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.

2. It (the volcano) continued to erupt for the next three days.

3. How amazing it is to see the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago!

4. People started to dig in the area for treasure.

5. It’s hard to imagine how this quiet volcano destroyed the whole city.

6. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum.

7. I was too tired to eat anything we were given.

8. Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD500.

9. I am so excited to be here!

10. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her face.

11. Polly heard it (the stick) hit the step.

12. Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.

13. Would you like to come in and rest for a while?

14. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.

15. The shark bumps you to find out if you are fit to be eaten.

Exercise 2: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I hope ____________ (see) you next week.

2. The car needs _________________ (repair) before we go on a trip to Europe.

3. I am sorry ______________ (give) you so much trouble.

4. Don’t pretend ______________ (work) hard. Just do what you should.

5. She is said ___________________ (write) the novel about New York for years.

6. The room seems _________________ (tidy) up already.

7. The meeting is ______________ (hold) tomorrow.

8. I am happy ___________________ (work) with you for so many years.

Exercise 3: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

9. _____________ (read) aloud is good for your English learning.

10. It’s impossible _______________ (finish) all the homework within two hours.

11. Seeing is _____________ (believe).

12. It’s a waste of time _____________ (argue) with him.

13. It’s no use __________ (discuss) with him since he has made up his mind.

14. It’s important and necessary ________ (master) a foreign language and computer skills.

15. It is my duty __________ (help) you with you English studies.

16. It takes only 2 hours _________ (arrive) in shanghai by bullet train.

Exercise 4: 翻译句子。

17. 我对该干什么感兴趣，而对如何做并不感兴趣。

I’m interested in _________________________________.

18. 他怎么也不去上学。He does everything _______________________________.

19. 我没办法只好放弃这次出国的机会。I had no choice ___________this chance to go abroad.

20. 我没有办法只好依靠自己。 I have got nothing to do ______________________.

Exercise 5:补全句子。

21. 医生劝我多休息。 The doctor advised me __________________________.

22. 我让他们参加我们的讨论。I got them _____________________ in the discussion.

23. 他们在等校长来。They are waiting for the headmaster ______________________.

24. 大家都认为Jack是个勤奋的孩子。

Everyone thought Jack _________________________________.

25. 我们相信它是真的。We believe it ____________________________.

26. 我看见那位女士锁上了门。 I saw the lady ___________________________.

27. 我们没让任何人进来。 We didn’t let anyone ____________________________.

Exercise 6: 用所给动词适当形式填空。

28. His parents died, _____________ (leave) him an orphan.

29. He rushed to the post office only ___________ (find) it was closed.

Exercise 7: 用所给动词适当形式填空。

30. The man __________________(speak) at the meeting now is from America.

31. Do you know the professor _____________(speak) at the meeting tomorrow?

32. He is the professor ______________(invite) to dinner last month.

Key：

Exercise 1: 略

Exercise 2:

1. to see 2. to be repaired/repairing 3. to have given 4. to be working 5. to have been writing 6. to have been tidied 7. to be held 8. to have been working 9. Reading 10. to finish 11. believing 12. arguing 13. discussing 14. to master 15. to help 16. to arrive 17. what to do but not how to do it 18. but go to school 19. but to give up 20. but depend on myself 21. to have some rest. 22. to join us 23. to come 24. to be hardworking 25. to be true 26. lock the door 27. come in 28. leaving 29. to find 30. speaking 31. to speak 32. invited

责任编辑：李芳芳

非谓语动词不定式高三 篇2

明确界定谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别

1 原则一

在一个句子, 一般一个主语应配套一个谓语, (并列谓语除外) , 如一个主语后跟了两个动词, 就应该有一个是谓语动词, 一个应该是非谓语动词, 这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动”

如:我去书店买一些书。在此句中, 只有一个主语“我”, 却有两个动词“去”和“买”, 那么“去”就应该是谓语动词, “买”就应该是非谓语动词

例句:

2 原则二

谓语动词体现的时态, 与时间状语有关

非谓语与时态无关

谓语动词会受时间状语的影响, 体现各种时态

非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响, 与时态无关, 与主语的单复数无关

3 原则三

谓语与非谓语的形式不同, 谓语主要体现十六种基本时态 (含被动) , 而非谓只有三种固定形式 (被动和完成) to do, doing, done

小结:谓语动词的形式有did, does, be doing have/has done had done etc

非谓语动词的形式有to do, doing, done, to be done, being done, having done,

注意:1) doing算做是非谓语而be+doing算做是非谓语

3) 例如:go–went-gone可以轻易区分go和went算谓语而gone属于过去分词是非谓

4) 但是如find-found-found play-played-played类似这样的词其过去时和过去分词一样, 如果你在选项中看到played要从两个方面考虑, A谓语动词过去时B非谓语动词过去分词

4 原则四

谓语动词与非谓语动词的顺序并不是一定有先后的

如

证明:第一句是先非谓后谓语, 而第二句是先谓语后非谓语

1)

There______no bus, we had to walk home.

There______no bus and we had to walk home.

A.was B.being C.be D.to be

答案:B A

解题方法:先看选项, AC是谓语BD是非谓语

第二个题目是并列句, 所以前后是两个句子, and之前的句子缺的就是谓语动词, 又由had决定了是过去时, 所以用was

第一道题目, 前后两部分之间用逗号分开, 所以不是并列句, 所以前一部分是后一部分的状语, 也就不是句子, 所以选非谓语, 用being

2)

The girl______in a red coat is Mary.

The girl is______Mary now.

A.dressed B.dressing C.dress D.to dress

假考非谓语动词、实考谓语动词 篇3

非谓语动词是高考英语中的必考重点内容，同学们在平时的练习中也做了大量的非谓语动词练习，久而久之，同学们容易滋生思维定势，把一些实际上是考查谓语动词的试题也误选为非谓语动词。下面笔者把高考试题中容易误选为非谓语动词但实考谓语动词的类型做个小结，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

类型一：祈使句中的谓语动词

祈使句是省略了主语的一类句子。认清祈使句也是破解选择谓语的重要手段之一。因此，一定要掌握标志性的连词and，or，otherwise及破折号、逗号和冒号的功能。

例1.Mary，______ here—everybody else，stay where you are.(2006全国卷I)

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

解析：从后面的破折号可知，破折号前后是并列分句。Mary之后有逗号，可见不是主语，而是呼语。第一分句是带上了呼语的祈使句，故用动词原形作谓语。答案为A。

例2.There are 8 tips in Dr.Rogers lecture on sleep，and one of them：______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(2004 重庆卷)

A.doesnt go B.not to go

C.not going D.dont go

解析：从句中连词and及标点符号冒号可知，空格处为祈使句。如果此句不是冒号，而是is，则答案为非谓语动词作表语。本题正确答案为D。

类型二：并列句中谓语动词

一个句中通常不能出现两个(或以上)的谓语动词，但是如果句中有连词and，or，but，so等，则可以有并列谓语。

例3： At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and______ down to eat our picnic lunch.

(2005上海卷)

A.sitting B.having sat

C.to sit D.sat

解析：答案选 D。由句中的 and 可知，此句为并列结构，空格处填 sat，与其前的谓语动词 found 并列。

例4.______ straight on and youll see a church.You wont miss it.(2004 湖北卷)

A.Go B.Going

C.If you go D.When going

解析：从句中“and youll see”的暗示可知，前一分句为祈使句，答案选A。

类型三：对话答语中省略主语的谓语动词

在会话中，答语者往往为了突出要表达的主要词语而常常会省略次要的或与前面重复的词语。有一部分考题正是以对话形式出现，在答语中设置空缺。其解题方法是：把答语带入到问语中，如果是对问语的某一部分进行回答或是整个答语的某一部分，则用非谓语动词；而如果根据语境另外出现了一个新句子，只是省略了主语的则要用谓语动词。

例5.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

—______good.(2006 湖北卷)

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

解析：根据语境，答语应该是：It (that we can go skiing on the weekend) sounds good，这是一个省略了主语的答语，应选谓语动词。答案选D。

例6.—What should I do with this passage?

—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005 重庆卷)

A.Finding out B.Found out

C.Find out D.To find out

解析：答案选 C。此题是 You should find out ...的省略。

类型四：句中带有插入语的谓语动词

该类题的设题特点是主语和谓语之间插入其他成分或句子来迷惑考生而误选非谓语动词。

例7.The country life he was used to____greatly since 1992.(2005 山东卷)

A.change B.has changed

C.changing D.have changed

解析：此题容易受插入的定语从句的影响而误选C，但是仔细分析句子结构后可知此题是(that) he was used to作定语，修饰先行词The country life。而主句缺谓语，所以该排除选项C。又因为时间状语since 1992可知时态该用现在完成时；再加上主语是The country life，所以本题正确答案为B。

例8.Professor Smith，along with his assistants，______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(2005 上海卷)

A.work B.working

C.is working D.are working

解析：通过分析句子的成分可知along with his assistant为插入语。本题缺少谓语动词，所以先排除非谓语动词选项B。 又从题意“他们正日以继日的工作”可知时态该用现在进行时；又因为主语是Professor Smith，所以答案C为正确选项。

【巩固练习】

1.______ the website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lot about firefighting.

A.Having searched B.To search

C.Searching D.Search

2.______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A.Give B.To give

C.Giving D.Given

3.To test eggs，______ them in a bowl of water： if they float，theyre bad；if they sink，theyre good.

A.put B.putting

C.to put D.to be putting

4.Ive never seen anyone run so fast—______David go.

A.just watch

B.just to watch

C.just watching

D.just having watched

5.Stanley，______ hello to your nephew.

A.come and say B.comes and says

C.to come and say D.coming and saying

6.Dont stand out there in the cold—______in here and get warm.

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

7.Before you send the letter，______ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A.check B.to check

C.checking D.checked

8.If they dont understand it the first time， ______over it again until they do.

A.go B.to go

C.going D.to be going

9.If youre going on a long car journey， ______sure the vehicles are in good condition.

A.making B.to make

C.make D.having made

10.______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A.Put B.Putting

C.To put D.To be putting

11.______ the road along and youll find his house on the right.

A.Follow B.Following

C.To be following D.Having followed

12.Hoping he would not be seen，Bob rushed in，______ his book and rushed out.

A.picking up B.pick up

C.to pick up D.picked up

13.______ right away or youll miss the first train.

A.Start out B.Starting out

C.To start out D.Started out

14.______ good care of the vegetables so that they can remain fresh.

A.Take B.Taken

C.Having taken D.Taking

15.______ from the top of the building，and youll find the city more beautiful.

A.Look B.To look

C.Looking D.Looked

16.______ some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.

A.Trying B.Try

C.To try D.Having tried

17.Dont be discouraged.______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

A.Taking B.To take

C.Take D.Taken

18.______，so she had to be sent to the hospital.

A.Being ill

B.Her mother was ill

C.Her mother being ill

D.Having been ill

19.______ many times，but he still didnt understand it.

A.Having been told

B.Though he was told

C.To have been told

D.He was told

20.First______ the rice by washing it，then ______ it in boiling water.

A.prepare；cook B.preparing；cooking

C.preparing；cook D.prepare；cooking

21.She cycled too fast round the corner， ______ her balance and______ off.

A.losing；falling B.lost；fell

C.losing；fell D.lost；falling

22.She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later.

A.arriving B.to arrive

C.having arrived D.and arrived

23.______ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour，and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.

A.Driving

B.I was driving

C.Having driven

D.When I was driving

24.______ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.

A.Having given B.Given

C.To give D.Give

25.—Id like to take a weeks holiday. —______it.Were just too busy.

A.Forget B.Forgetting

C.Forgets D.Forgot

26.—Then lets have fish，beef with ____ tomatoes and a soup.OK? —______nice.

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

27.—Each of the students，working hard at ____ his or her lessons，______ to go to ____ university. —So do I.

A.hope B.hopes

C.hoping D.hoped

28.The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A.referred to looks

B.refers to looking

C.referred to looking

D.referring to look

29.—We havent heard from Jane for a long ____time. —What do you suppose______ to her?

A.was happening B.to happen

C.has happened D.having happened

30.The day we had looked forward to______ at last.

A.coming B.come

C.came D.comes

参考答案：

1-5 DAAAA 6-10 AAACA

11-15 ADAAA 16-20 BCBDA

非谓语动词不定式高三 篇4

1. I think you’ll grow him when you know him better.

A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking

2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

3. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.

A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching

4. My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought

5. There have been several new events to the program for the Beijing Olympic Games.

A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

6. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title __ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.

A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given

7. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing

8. When last valuable, those books enjoyed great success.

A. finding B. found C. being found D. to be found

9. How pleased the detective was what his customer told him!

A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. to hearing

10. - I’ll thank you my affairs alone. - I will. It is none of my business.

A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left

11. - Is Bob still performing?

- I’m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

12. in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing

13. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year.

A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

14. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to __ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost

15. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other county in the world.

A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated

17. AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been

18. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.

A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held

19. There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen

20. - What should I do with this passage? - ________ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out

21. in 1963, and in Philadelphia, Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.

A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising

22. - I regret you John has been fired. - I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker.

A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told

23. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered at the party, but not _______.

A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave

24. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity.

A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

25. The parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.

A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept

26. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works.

A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop

27. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain.

A. made B. having made C. making D. to make

28. The result was not made until last Sunday.

A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known

29. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket .

A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing

30. I really can’t understand her like that.

A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

31. While watching television, .

A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rang

32. When _________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

33. Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, ___________.

A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John

34. A remote-controlled bomb explored outside a hotel yesterday, at least 12 people.

A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured

35. in the USA, Louis has now become the 24th largest city.

A. Being the fourth biggest city B. Once the fourth biggest city

C. It was once the forth biggest city D. The forth biggest city it was

36. a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

37. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

38. The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

39. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast -- _ David go.

A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched

40. - English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

- Yes. more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known

41. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing

42. If the project by the end of this year is delayed, the construction will be fined.

A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completing D. completed

43. - We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.

- That’s great! blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given

44. How many of us , say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion.

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended

45. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, away.

A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

46. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars.

A. had B. having C. to have D. have

47. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and down to eat our picnic lunch.

A. sitting B. having at C. to sit D. sat

48. into use in April , the hotline has meant for residents reporting water and heating sup ply breakdowns.

A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put

49. more about university courses, call ( 920 ) 746 - 3789.

A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out

50. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

51. I don’t want like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded

52. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

53. and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.

A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure

54. The manager, it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making

55. All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas.

A. in order to have received B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received D. so as to receive

56. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun.

A. had B. have C. to have D. having

57. He hurried to the station only that the train had left.

A. to have found B. finding C. found D. to find

58. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

59. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .

A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied

60. Don’t respond to any e – mails __ __ personal information, no matter how official they look.

A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning

61. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16 -year- old boy, saying that he was not the one .

A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed

62. It remains whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.

A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see

63. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.

A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

64. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _ .

A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using

65. He hurried to the booking office only __ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

66. There was a terrible noise the sudden bursts of light.

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

67. football on the playground, the boys felt very happy.

A. Leaving playing B. Left to play C. Left playing D. To leave playing

68. Rather than for help from someone else, how ever difficult the task is, I prefer completing it by my self.

A. to ask B. asking C. ask D. to have asked

69. Which do you enjoy your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?

A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent

70. - My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the interview.

- Now that he wasn’t well prepared, he might as well .

A. not try B. not to have tried C. not have tried D. not to try

71. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before .

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting

72. I must apologize for ahead of time.

A. 1etting you not to know B. not letting you know

C. 1etting you know not D. 1etting you not know

73. To read aloud the English text before breakfast seemed to me a rule .

A. to never break B. never to be breaking

C. never to have broken D. never to be broken

考点小资料(非谓语动词)

I. 介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except / but意为“除了，除去”。

cannot help(choose) but + 动词原形：……不能不……; do nothing but + 动词原形：只做……

There is nothing to do but + 动词原形：……只有做……;have no choice but to do：只有做……

The last bus having gone，I could do nothing but go home on foot.(省略 to)

I cannot choose lint tell him the truth.(省略to) / She could do nothing but leave.(省略抛)

I have no choice but to cry.(不能省略to)

II. 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的。介词。但名词way除外。如：He is not a man to tell lies.(主谓关系)

The boy has a nice pen to write with. / We found a way to solve this problem(in).

通常使用不定式作定语的情况有：(1)不定式表示将来;(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read.(表将来) / She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the Olympic Games.(有序数词修饰) / I have no chance to escape.(修饰抽象名词) / Do you have the ability to read French?(修饰抽象名词)

III. 不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用。如：

He sat down to have a rest.(表目的) / He woke up to find everybody gone.(表结果)

I’m very pleased to hear from him.(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)

He Was too excited to say a word.(表程度) / He is old enough to go to school.(表程度)

◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别：

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性;现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：

The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero.(将要修建的)

The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero.(正在修建的)

The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero.(已经修建了的)“

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?(在谓语之前)

He is a teacher loved and respected by all students.(没有时间性) Listen! The song sung is very popular with the young men.(表正在) / The question to be discussed … is very important.(表将来)

在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉;过去分词表示“感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。如：interesting令人感兴趣的;interested感到有兴趣的

◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：

i. 感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let， make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意：make不能接现在分词作宾补。如：I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now.(表示主动，完成)

I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night.(表示正在进行)

I heard the Chinese song sung many times.(表示被动)

The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shout rest.(不能用make)

注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成和状态。如：

I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(表示状态)

I Was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot.(表示完成)

ii. 动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。如：It is wrong for you to leave the machine running.(主动，正在进行)

The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被动，完成)

My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动，将来)

My workmate left.1eaving all the rest work to be done.(被动，将来)

◆过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别：

i. 一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。如：

Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man.

Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown.

ii. 现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如： Being helped by the teacher，she will learn English well.

Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.

iii. 现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。如：

Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.

Used in this way, the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb.

Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.

◆垂悬分词作状语：垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。如：Searching along the street，it had taken him a long time to find a clinic.(searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人)

Walking or sleeping，this subject is always in my mind.(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)

Using the electric energy，it is necessary to change its form.(using的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)

IV. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语

i. 感官动词后的宾补可以是doing，do，done，being done的结构，其中being done只用于少数动词后面，如 find，smell，feel等。

ii. have somebody do something让某人做某事 / have somebody doing something让某人一直做某事 / won’t have somebody do something不许某人做某事 / have something done使某事被做 / have something doing让……一直做……

iii. catch，smell，keep，set等只能接doing的结构，表示主动和正在进行。

iv. leave somebody doing something让某人一直做某事

leave something undone使某事只做了一半

leave something to be done事情有待于解决

leave somebody to do something让某人做某事，表示将来

v. with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系，表示将来。

with somebody doing something宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行。

with something to do宾补与宾语间是动宾关系，表示将来，动作执行者在句中找得到。

with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系，表示将来，但动作执行者在句中找不到。

with something done宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示完成。

非谓语动词教案 篇5

谓

语

动

词 之 现在分词

教

案

刘黎清

教学目标

1.掌握分词作定语、表语、补足语、状语（时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随等状语的用法）。2.掌握动名词作主语、宾语的用法。

教学重点

动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。

教学难点

1、掌握分词、动名词在句子中的作用

2、分词作定语和状语的异同

3、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式

教学要点

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词作主语、宾语；

2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；

教学步骤

I谓语动词目前学过的有哪些？

1.V/V.S(一般现在时，经常性动作）

2.V.ed

(一般过去时，过去的动作）

3.am/is/are + V.ing(现在进行时，表正在进行）4.was/were + V.ing(过去进行时，过去正在进行）

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般将来时，将来要做的动作）

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(过去将来时，过去某个时间点开始的将来）7.have/has + V.过分（现在完成时，到现在为止已经做了什么）8.had + V.过分（过去完成时，到过去某个点为止已经做了什么）

II非谓语动词有几个？是什么？ 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.过分

III 本课重点V.ing形式 1.做主语

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水难收）

2.做宾语（只能做某些及物动词的宾语）她昨天读完了那本小说。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列动词后多用动名词做宾语

admit(承认）

avoid(避免）consider（思考，认为）mind

miss

escape(避开）practice

prevent resist(抵抗）

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(着手）keep on

excuse(原谅）feel like(想要）

object to(反对）

3.做表语

Her job is teaching math.4.做定语

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做宾补

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做宾补，常放在see, hear, notice, watch，keep，find，feel, look at，listen to, observe(观看）, sense（感觉）, get（让，使）, have（让，使)等词之后

6.做状语

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(时间）

V.ing 做状语时，常表示时间，原因，条件，让步，方式，伴随，结果，目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.这样做可以省很多时间和金钱。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.（主语）2.看到孩子，她禁不住哭了起来。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.（状语，表时间）3.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.（表语）4.他练习写字作为家庭作业。He practiced writing for homework.（宾语）5.你介意做一个关于学校生活的报告吗？

Would you mind giving a report about school life?（宾语）6.拒绝邀请并不总是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.（主语）7.我吃完早饭后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.（状语，表前后时间）8.老师给我们上了一堂写作课。

The teacher gave us a writing class.（定语）9.正在读小说的男孩听到噪音后放下了书。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.（状语和定语）10.如果从山上看，这个公园很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.（状语，表条件）

V Homework

初中非谓语动词最全总结 篇6

非谓语动词总结

一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况

1.动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事；practice doing sth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做某事 2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth.to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献

二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况

1.动词：agree to do同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做……；used to do sth.过去常做某事

2.句型.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人去做某事

asked sb.(not)to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb.(not)to do sth.叫某人去（不要）做某事 follow sb.to do sth.跟随某人去做某事 get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事

warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事

be excited to do sth.对做……感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth.害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to do sth.高兴去做某事 be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事

be sorry to do sth.对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth.对做某事感到惊奇 can’t wait to do sth.迫不急待地去做某事

get/have a chance to do sth.得到一个做某事的机会

It’s + adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样 It’s +adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.It takes sb.some time/money to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）

页 第1百智林教育英语辅导 教案

It’s best for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是最好的 It’s time for sb.to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了

too…(for sb.)to …太……以致不能…… ==not… enough to do prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿……而不愿……（常考）

something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些 Sth.is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易 take turns to do sth.轮流做……

There is no time(for sb.)to do sth.对（某人来说）没时间做某事了 There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.对某人来说没必要做某事 try/do one’s best to do sth.尽力去做某事

三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：

1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词

有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：如：like to do表示想要做某一具体的动作 like dong表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。

2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：

remember to do(记住去做)remember doing(记得做过)forget to do(忘记去做)forget doing(忘记做过)try to do(设法做)try doing(试着做)go on to do(接着做另一事)go on doing(继续做同一事)stop to do(停下来去做)stop doing(停止做)can’t help to do(不能帮助做)can’t help doing(情不自禁做)

四、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况。

1．在感官动词和使役动词后

feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，see，notice，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。

2.助动词或情态动词后：

do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。

3.某些固定句型中

1）Will（Would）you please（not）．．．？请（不要）做某事好吗？ 2）had better最好做某事 3）Why not．．．？为何不做某事

4)would rather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather...than...=would...rather than...。5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。

五．既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。

see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。

see/watch sb.do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事 see/watch sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 hear sb.do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事

hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事

非谓语动词高考考点剖析 篇7

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词 (现在分词与过去分词) 三种形式, 它在句子中可以充当除谓语以外的不同的句子成分, 内容较多, 用法灵活。它既是中学英语中重要的语法项目, 也是高考的必考点。本文拟就最近几年高考对这一考查热点作出剖析, 旨在引领考生把握高考脉搏, 明确考查方向。

一、非谓语动词句法功能中的难点

1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法及区别

在非谓语动词中, 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时, 多用不定式;表示比较抽象的、一般的行为倾向时, 多用动名词。此外动名词作主语通常位于句首;不定式作主语则常置于句末, 把形式主语it放在句首。

【考例1】It's important for the figures regularly. (2011年北京卷)

A. to be updated B. to have been updated

C. to update D. to have updated

解析:根据句法, 句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的不定式, update与for引出的逻辑主语the figures之间构成动宾关系, 所以用不定式的被动形式, 而句中regularly表示经常发生的事, 故用不定式的一般式。句意为:经常更新这些数据很重要。故答案选A。

【考例2】It's no use without taking action. (2011年上海卷)

A. complain B. complaining

C. being complained D. to be complained

解析:本题考查固定句型“It's no use/good doing sth.”, 句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是动名词。根据句意, 没有被动关系, 所以用动名词的主动形式。句意是:只抱怨而不采取行动是无用的。故答案选B。

【考点拓展】

在句型“It is + no use/no good/ useless/senseless/worthwhile/a waste of time doing sth.”中, it 作形式主语, 动名词 (真实主语) 位于句尾作后置主语。

2. 非谓语动词作定语的用法及区别

1) 不定式作定语, 表示将要发生的动作, 通常要放在被修饰的词后, 并且被修饰的名词多为它的逻辑宾语, 但有些不定式只起单纯的修饰作用, 相应被修饰的名词有:表示时间的名词time, moment, week等;表示次序的名词有:first, next, last, only等;其他名词有:ability, need, right, chance, opportunity, promise, plan, way, wish, movement, courage, reason, effort, decision, struggle, intention等。

【考例】This is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. (2010年上海卷)

A. reducing B. to reduce

C. reduced D. reduce

解析:句中we can imagine是定语从句, 前面省略了关系代词that;名词way后接不定式作后置定语, way to do sth.或way of doing sth.表示“做……的途径、方式”。故答案选B。

2) 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生, 与被修饰词是主谓关系。单个的现在分词作定语, 常置于被修饰的名词前面, 被修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语;现在分词短语作定语时, 放在被修饰的名词之后。现在分词作定语时, 它表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后, 一般不能用现在分词作定语, 而改用定语从句或完成式。

【考例】The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010年浙江卷)

A. being weighed B. to weigh

C. weighed D. weighing

解析:根据句法, 句中and连接两个对等成分, 即两个后置定语。动词weigh意为“重达……”, 表示主语children的性质或特征, 应用主动形式, 所以用现在分词形式weighing作后置定语。句意是:交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。故答案选D。

3) 过去分词作定语与被修饰词之间是动宾关系, 即表示被动的动作, 或过去分词表示已经完成的动作。单个的过去分词作定语, 常置于被修饰的名词之前, 被修饰的名词是过去分词的逻辑宾语;过去分词短语作定语, 须置于被修饰的名词之后。

【考例】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011年湖南卷)

A. selecting B. to select

C. selected D. having selected

解析:select是及物动词, 与players之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语。句意是:人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。故答案选C。

3. 分词与不定式作状语的用法及区别

1) 分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式、结果, 其逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致。如果其逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者, 即表示主动关系, 就用现在分词;如果其逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者, 即表示被动关系, 就用过去分词。如果分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前, 表示主动, 用现在分词完成式的主动式, 表示被动, 则用现在分词完成式的被动式。

【考例】Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007年重庆卷)

A. is said to be buying

B. is said to have bought

C. had said to buy

D. has said to have bought

解析:be said后接不定式;根据句意, 分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 即:买鸟这一动作发生在说之前, 因此此处应用不定式的完成式。故答案选B。

2) 在以when, while, before, after, as, until, once, whenever, if, unless, though, although, even if, even though, as though, as if, as, because, wherever 等连词引导的状语从句中, 如果主从句主语一致, 从句中主语可以省略, 从句中的谓语动词用动词-ing形式;如果是be动词, 不表示原因, be动词也省略;如果主句的主语是从句中动词动作的承受者, 则从句中的动词用过去分词。

【考例】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health. (2010年浙江卷)

A. being carried out B. carrying out

C. carried out D. to carry out

解析:if regularly是插入的条件状语从句。根据句法, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, carry out与从句主语proper amounts of exercise之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故答案选C。

3) 不定式作目的状语可位于句首或句中;作结果状语常位于句中;表示出乎预料的结果, 要放在句子后面。

(1) 作目的状语常有:to…, too… to, only to (仅仅为了) , in order to, so as to, so (such) … as to…, enough…to。

【考例】With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank presents for my dad. (2010年全国卷Ⅰ)

A. buy B. to buy

C. buying D. to have bought

解析:根据句意, 空格后的部分是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中用不定式作目的状语。故答案选B。

(2) 表示出乎预料的结果或失望, 要放在句子后面, 常用only/never to。

【考例】He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006年陕西卷)

A. to tell B. to be told

C. telling D. told

解析:根据句法, 用不定式表示出乎预料的结果, 要放在句子后面;tell与主语之间构成动宾关系, 所以用不定式的被动形式。故答案选B。

(3) 表原因

【考例】We were astonished the temple still in its original condition. (2010年辽宁卷)

A. finding B. to find

C. find D. to be found

解析:be astonished后应该跟动词不定式作原因状语。句意是:我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然保持原来的状况。故答案选B。

4. 非谓语动词作宾语、表语和补足语的用法及区别

1) 可以作宾语的非谓语动词只有动名词与不定式。

动名词作宾语常常表示一个概念或习惯性动作, 而不定式作宾语表示具体的、一次性的、个别的或将来的动作。

【考例】I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. (2010年上海卷)

A. find B. found

C. to find D. finding

解析:根据句法, 此题考查固定结构“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”, 表示“做某事有困难”。故答案选D。

【考点拓展】

(1) 只跟动名词的动词和短语有:

appreciate, advise, admit, avoid, can't help, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, keep, mind, practise, pardon, miss, suggest, insist on, consider, risk, imagine, stand, be worth, be worthwhile, feel like, be busy, object to, give up, listen to, pay attention to, be used to (习惯于) , look forward to, stick to, devote to, prefer doing sth. to doing sth. , put off, insist on, set about, give up, what /how about, spend… (in) doing sth., waste… (in) doing sth., have difficult/trouble/problem (in) doing sth., prevent/stop/keep … from doing sth.等。

(2) 只跟不定式作宾语的动词主要有:

agree, decide, expect, hope, want, manage, promise, refuse, wish, choose, long (渴望) , offer, desire, demand, plan, prepare, determine等。

2) 非谓语动词作表语:

动名词作表语, 表示抽象的、一般性的动作;现在分词与过去分词作表语具有形容词的特征, 一般来说是表示心理状态的动词, 其现在分词作表语表示“令人……的”, 其过去分词作表语表示“感到……”;表示具体的动作或有将来含义时, 一般用不定式。

【考例】In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010年福建卷)

A. sticking B. stuck

C. to be stuck D. to have stuck

解析:remain作系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语, 表示主语所处的状态。stuck已经形容词化了, 表示“不能动, 无法移动, 卡住”。句意是:由于火山灰的原因, 四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。故答案选B。

3) 非谓语动词作补足语:

现在分词作补足语, 表示动作正在进行或发生, 被补足的宾语或主语是非谓语动词所表示动作的逻辑主语;过去分词作补足语, 被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语;动词不定式作宾语补足语, 有的动词后接带to的不定式, 有的接不带to的不定式。

【考例1】Listen! Do you hear someone for help? (2010年湖南卷)

A. calling B. call

C. to call D. called

解析:someone与call之间构成主动关系, 根据Listen!可判断此处表示求救这一动作正在进行, 所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故答案选A。

【考例2】Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. (2011年陕西卷)

A. check B. checking

C. to check D. checked

解析:check与her luggage之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意是:在飞机起飞前一小时Claire携带的行李接受了检查。故答案选D。

【考例3】Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (2011年天津卷)

A. to carry B. carrying

C. to be carried D. being carried

解析:permit sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”, 在被动语态中, 应用sb. be permitted to do sth., 其后用不定式的主动式作主语补足语。句意为:旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。故答案选A。

【考点拓展】

(1) 使役动词have的用法:

have+宾语+do/doing/done。

(2) 感官动词的常用结构:

感官动词+宾语+do/doing/done。常见的感官动词有:see, observe, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to等。

(3) 表示“知道”或“认为”的动词believe, consider, feel, know, think, suppose, understand, imagine的常用结构:

动词+宾语+to be/to be doing/to have done。其中to have done 表示先于谓语动作发生, to be doing 表示当时正在发生。

(4) 能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有:

ask, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, request, order, warn, cause等, 表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作, 即表示主动关系, 而且不定式的动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后。

(5) 使役动词let, have, make;感官动词

see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等在主动语态中, 后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 但在被动语态中则要带to。

【考例】The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008年全国卷II)

A. picked up B. picks up

C. pick up D. picking up

解析:assistant与pick up之间构成主谓关系, 所以用主动形式;根据句意, 表示“让某人做某事”, 用have sb. do sth., 用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故答案选C。

二、非谓语动词及其他易错易混点

1.判断逻辑主语的错误

按照英语语言习惯, 非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。如果分词与句子的主语不一致, 分词就应该有自己的主语, 也就是要用独立主格结构。

【考例】Faced with a bill for $10, 000, . (2006年陕西卷)

A. John has taken an extra job

B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken

D. an extra job has been given to John

解析:做本题时, 要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。不要一看到faced就认为主语是分词动作的承受者, 其实本题主语应是分词动作的执行者, be faced with表示“面对”, be动词不表示原因, be动词应去掉, 所以排除C、D项;B项的逻辑意思不符合题意。故答案选A。

2. 独立主格结构中的非谓语动词判断错误

由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语, 加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成, 这种结构通常被称为独立主格结构。这一结构在形式上与主句没有关系, 在句中起状语作用, 相当于一个状语从句, 多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况, 有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。

【注意】

分词作状语, 其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时, 分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。独立结构一般位于句首, 也可放在句尾, 作伴随状语时, 常放在句尾。

【考例1】Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years. (2011年浙江卷)

A. having B. had

C. have D. to have

解析:本题考查独立主格结构。题中没有连词, 无法并存两个句子;some与have之间构成主谓关系, 所以用现在分词。句意为:令人惊讶的是, 蝙蝠是长寿的动物, 有些能活20年左右。故答案选A。

【考例2】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day. (2007年重庆卷)

A. finishing B. finished

C. had finished D. were finished

解析:根据句子结构判断, 此处为独立主格结构。finish与their lessons之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用过去分词表示被动关系。故答案选B。

【考点拓展】

如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前或分词所表示的动作对现在造成影响或结果, 分词应用完成式。

【考例】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March. (2007年山东卷)

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched

解析:根据句子结构判断, 此处为独立主格结构。launch与the most recent之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 并对现在产生影响, 所以用现在分词完成式的被动形式。故答案选B。

3. with复合结构

with复合结构是:with+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。它在句子中可以作状语或定语, 是英语中的一种常见结构。

【考例1】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already for a meal to be cooked. (2010年山东卷)

A. laid B. laying

C. to lay D. being laid

解析:由于lay表示“摆放”, 是及物动词, 与table之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以空格处应用过去分词表示被动, 即用“with+宾语+过去分词”这一复合结构。故答案选 A。

【考例2】— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

— Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (2007年福建卷)

A. filled B. filling

C. to fill D. being filled

解析:根据句子结构判断, 此处为with复合结构。so much work与fill之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 所以用现在分词, 即用“with+宾语+现在分词”这一复合结构。故答案选B。

4. 过去分词与现在分词完成式的被动形式之间的区别

过去分词只表示被动关系或已经完成的动作;现在分词完成式的被动形式除了表示被动关系外, 它所表示的动作是发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

【考例】Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010年湖南卷)

A. struggling B. struggled

C. having struggled D. to struggle

解析:分词的逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系, 非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动作took a position之前, 所以用现在分词的完成主动式。故答案选C。

5. 动名词的复合结构

结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。它的否定形式是:not doing。

【考例1】What worried the boy most was to see his father in prison. (自编试题)

A. his not being allowed

B. his not allowing

C. his not been allowed

D. his being not allowed

解析:根据句法, 此句用动名词的复合结构作was的表语;句中allow与the boy之间构成动宾关系, 所以以动名词的被动形式作表语, 它的否定形式是将not 放在动名词之前。故答案选A。

【考例2】The French guest suggested their country. (自编试题)

A. us visiting B. to us a visit

C. we visited D. us to visit

解析:此句用动名词的复合结构作suggested的宾语, 即用suggest one's doing sth., 此句中用普通格代替了所有格。故答案选A。

6. need, want, require以及deserve 四个动词, 当主语是动作的承受者时, 后面的宾语有两种形式, 即:need/want/require +doing/to be done, 表示“需要 (被) 做”。deserve doing/to be done表示“值得 (被) 做”。

【考例】As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . (2007年陕西卷)

A. need repairing B. needs to repair

C. needs repairing D. need to repair

解析:句子的主语buildings是动作的承受者, 所以need后接动词-ing形式或者不定式的被动形式作宾语。此句的主语是two-thirds of the buildings, 所以谓语动词用复数形式。故答案选A。

7. “疑问词+动词不定式”的复合结构

“疑问词+动词不定式”在句中可作主语、表语或宾语, 不定式应用主动形式。如果句中的疑问词是why, 后接的不定式要省去不定式符号to。

【考例1】He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion. (2009年四川卷)

A. to have B. having

C. have D. had

解析:本句told 后接一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句, 在这个宾语从句中, “疑问词whether +不定式”作宾语从句的主语。故答案选A。

【考例2】 — It's no use having ideas only.

— Don't worry. Peter can show you to turn an idea into an act. (2010年辽宁卷)

A. how B. who

C. what D. where

解析:虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用, 但是意义不同。how表示“怎样”, 强调方式;who和what是连接代词, 一般在不定式短语中作宾语, 此句中动词不定式已有宾语, 不再需要宾语, 所以排除;where则强调地点, 与上一句不一致。句意是:“光有想法没用。”“不用担心, 皮特可以教你怎样把想法变为行动。”故答案选A。

【考点拓展】

可用于“动词+疑问词+ to do”结构的动词主要有:decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等。

8. 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

1) 在系表结构中, difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice, dangerous 等词后的不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。

【考例】In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant . (2010年四川卷)

A. to deal with B. dealing with

C. to be dealt with D. dealt with

解析:在形容词pleasant后常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义, 此时不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。故答案选A。

2) to let, to blame, to seek, to decide on通常用主动形式表示被动含义。

【考例】Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one . (2006年安徽卷)

A. blamed B. blaming

C. to blame D. to be blamed

解析:blame表示“应负责任”, 常用主动形式表示被动含义。根据句法, 用不定式to blame作the one的后置定语。故答案选C。

9. 要分清是插入语还是非谓语动词

常见的作插入语的不定式有:to tell the truth, to be short (简单地) , to begin with (首先) , to be sure (自然、当然、果然) , to be honest/frank, to make things worse, to make a long story short, to speak of (值得一提的是) , to be fair, to sum up (概括地说) 等。常见的作插入语分词 (短语) 的有:given (考虑到, 鉴于) , generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from/by, talking of (谈到) , considering (考虑到, 因为是) , putting it mildly (说得客气一点) 等。这些插入语用来修饰全句, 表示说话人的态度, 在句子中作独立成分。

【考例1】 , the pay isn't attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. (2009年浙江卷)

A. Generally speaking B. On the contrary

C. In particular D. To be honest

解析:根据句意, 本句陈述一种事实, 所以用to be honest作插入语。句意是:说实话, 这份工作的薪水不是很诱人, 虽然工作本身很有趣。故答案选D。

【考例2】 the fact that she is still young, she is a remarkable fast runner. (自编试题)

A. Give B. Given

C. Giving D. Gave

解析:given表示“考虑到, 鉴于”, 在句中作插入语, 用来修饰全句, 表示说话人的态度, 在句子中作独立成分。句意是:鉴于她还很年轻这一事实, 她是一名卓越的飞毛腿。故答案选B。

10. 动名词与现在分词作定语的区别

(1) 动名词作定语表示性质或用途。

例1:a developing country=a country which is developing 一个发展中国家

例2:a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping 一个熟睡的小男孩

例3:a swimming pool= a pool for swimming 游泳池

(2) 现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如果是单个现在分词作定语, 应放在被修饰的名词前;如果是现在分词短语作定语, 应放在被修饰的名词之后。

【考例】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. (2011年全国卷I)

A. rose B. rising

C. to rise D. risen

解析:rise是不及物动词, 表示“升起来”, 它和see两个动作是同时发生的, 因此用现在分词作后置定语。句意为:接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。故答案选B。

11. 接动名词与不定式容易误用的几个词

(1) 动名词与不定式都可作宾语且意义相同的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer。

【考点拓展】

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.与prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不做某事”。

【考例】She seems to prefer Korean TV Shows to talking to me. (自编试题)

A. to watch B. to be watching

C. watching D. having watched

解析:此题考查的是prefer doing sth. to doing sth., 表示“宁愿做某事而不做某事”, 而不是单纯地考查prefer doing sth./to do sth.。句意是:她似乎宁愿看韩剧也不愿与我交谈。故答案选C。

(2) 动名词与不定式作宾语意义不同, 不定式指要做而还没做的事, 而动名词则表示已做过的事。这些词有:go on, stop, try, mean, remember, forget, regret等。

① go on to do sth. 接着又做另一件事;go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

② stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事;stop doing sth. 停止做某事

③ try to do sth. 努力做某事;try doing sth. 试一试做某事

④ mean to do sth. 打算做某事;mean doing sth. 意味着/意思是做某事

⑤ remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 (未做) ;remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (做过)

⑥ forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (未做) ;forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (做过)

⑦ regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾 (未做) ;regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (做过)

【考点拓展】

regret to say/tell/inform…表示“遗憾地说/告诉/通知”, 此时只用不定式。

【考例】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone, but she didn't like it and moved back home. (2008年湖南卷)

A. living B. to live

C. to be living D. having lived

解析:根据句意, try后接动名词作宾语, 表示“试着做某事”。故答案选A。

12. 在介词but, except, besides后面的不定式, 如果这些介词前面有do作实意动词的相应形式, 那么不定式符号to则要去掉, 否则不能去掉to。

【考例】The fact is that some people do nothing but the whole programme. (自编试题)

A. to break B. break

C. breaking D. having broken

解析:介词but后可接不定式, 如果这个介词前面有do作实意动词的相应形式, 那么不定式符号to则要去掉。do nothing but do sth.意为“除……以外什么都没干”。故答案选B。

【考点拓展】

have no choice but to do sth.是惯用法, 意为“别无选择只好……”。

【考例】We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no choice but a taxi. (自编试题)

A. to take B. take

C. taking D. taken

解析:介词but后可接不定式, 如果这个介词前面没有do作实意动词的相应形式, 那么不定式符号to则不能去掉。have no choice but to do sth.是惯用法, 意为“别无选择只好……”。故答案选A。

三、如何解非谓语动词类试题

1. 首先判断考查的内容是否是非谓语动词

如果句中的两个动词之间没有连接词, 并且两个动词之间也没有分号或句号, 那么其中一个动词则要用动词非谓语形式。

【考例1】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011年江苏卷)

A. compared B. comparing

C. compares D. being compared

解析:根据句法, 句中没有连词, 且有两个动词, 谓语动词是has caused, 所以compare只能用动词的非谓语形式。结合句意, compare应用现在分词形式, 作后置定语。句意是:最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论, 该调查是比较在两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格。故答案选B。

【考例2】If you have a job, yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. (2010年四川卷)

A. do devote B. don't devote

C. devoting D. not devoting

解析:从句是由if引导的条件状语从句, 主句是一个由and引导的并列句, 即考查“祈使句+and+一般陈述句”。在并列句中, 第一个分句是一个祈使句, 又借助助动词do来表示强调, 而不是考查非谓语动词。故答案选A。

2. 判断应用何种非谓语动词

在判断出要选择非谓语动词以后, 就要分析非谓语动词在句中充当什么成分。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语;动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语;现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作状语、定语、补足语和表语。同时还要注意动词是及物动词、不及物动词还是系动词:如果是不及物动词, 它没有过去分词形式, 所以就不能用过去分词;如果是系动词, 也不能用过去分词。从时间关系上看, 不定式表示将要发生的动作, 现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作, 同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成, 尤其是表示有明显先后关系的完成。从主动与被动来看, 不定式和现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动, 同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动, 不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来, 现在分词的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表进行。

【考例1】More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people's concern over food safety. (2011年重庆卷)

A. to raise B. raising

C. to have raised D. having raised

解析:根据句意与句法, 空档在句中作目的状语, 所以用不定式。raising是现在分词表示伴随动作;to have raised所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前;having raised表示动作先发生;to raise作目的状语, 事情还没有发生, 所以将要“制作更多的电视节目”。故答案选A。

【考例2】Do you wake up every morning energetic and ready to start a new day? (2011年湖南卷)

A. feel B. to feel

C. feeling D. felt

解析:wake up作句子的谓语, 句中没有连词, 所以feel只能用非谓语形式。feel是系动词, 不能用过去分词;结合句意, 这里应用现在分词feeling作伴随状语。故答案选C。

3. 根据题中情景, 判断出非谓语动词的时态和语态

考查非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系, 若为主动关系, 用主动式;若为被动关系, 用被动式。此时要特别注意, 过去分词本身就表示被动。非谓语动词 (不定式、动名词和现在分词) 的完成式主要表示非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作所表示的动作之前, 因此做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。

1) 动名词一般有时态和语态的变化, 通常有下表中的几种形式 (下面以do为例) :

【考例1】I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (2009年陕西卷)

A. to take B. to be taken

C. taking D. being taken

解析:remember 后接动名词, 表示“记得做过某事”;主语与take之间构成被动关系, 所以用动名词的被动形式作宾语。故答案选D。

【考例2】I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention when we talked on the phone. (2008年江西卷)

A. to promote B. having been promoted

C. having promoted D. to be promoted

解析:根据句意, promote与主语之间构成动宾关系, 所以应用被动形式;mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语, “被提拔”这一动作发生在谓语动词mention所表示的动作之前, 所以用动名词的完成式的被动形式。故答案选B。

2) 关于分词时态与语态的变化

常见的分类方法是:过去分词没有时态、语态变化, 而现在分词既有时态变化又有语态变化。其变化如下:

【考例1】 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (2011年四川卷)

A. Offer B. Offering

C. Offered D. To offer

解析:offer sb. sth.表示“ (主动) 提供某人某物”。offer与Andy之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作状语。故答案选C。

【考例2】At the beginning of class, the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom. (2007年全国卷II)

A. opened and closed

B. to be opened and closed

C. being opened and closed

D. to open and close

解析:动词open, close与desks 之间构成动宾关系, 所以用被动形式;根据句意, 动作当时正在进行, 所以用现在分词进行时的被动形式作后置定语。故答案选C。

【注意】

现在分词一般式表示泛指的时间, 与谓语动词同时进行或紧密相连的动作;现在分词完成式表示发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作。

3) 动词不定式时态和语态的变化

【注意】

如果不定式的动作正在进行或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生, 这时不定式就要用进行式;如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前, 则要用完成式。

【考例】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. (2011年上海春招)

A. to work B. to be working

C. to have worked D. to have been working

解析:根据句意, “做过木匠”这一事件发生在谓语动词is thought所表示的动作之前, 所以用不定式的完成式, the few movie stars与work as之间构成主谓关系, 所以用不定式完成式的主动形式。故答案选C。

巩固性练习:

1. — What made your skin look so terrible?

—to the sunlight for a long time.

A. Because it was exposed

B. After being exposed

C. Being exposed

D. Exposed

2. What do you think of the idea Mr. Smith put forward the production cost?

A. to reduce B. reducing

C. reduced D. to reducing

3. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they need to them quickly and cheaply.

A. deliver B. delivering

C. delivered D. to deliver

4. The fruit fresh in his fruit stand sells well.

A. looking B. looked

C. look D. to be looked

5. for nearly 90 hours, three girls who had no access to any food and water for two days were rescued at last.

A. To be buried B. Being buried

C. Having been buried D. Having buried

6. their final medical check, the astronauts boarded their spacecraft.

A. Received B. Being received

C. To receive D. Having received

7. Finding her car stolen, .

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

8. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place for living.

A. to have played B. to play

C. to be played D. to be playing

9. Exciting as its special effects are , there is too much violence in the film.

A. to watch B. to be watched

C. watching D. being watched

10. The project by the end of 2012, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 2, 500, 000 users.

A. being accomplished

B. accomplished

C. to be accomplished

D. having been accomplished

11. After the terrorist attack last month, anyone at the airport heavy bags, bottles of liquid, or whatever, could be stopped and questioned by the police.

A. seen carrying

B. seen carry

C. seen to carry

D. seen to be carrying

12. himself in carrying out an experiment, he can't spare time to look after his children.

A. Occupied B. Occupying

C. Having occupied D. Having been occupied

13. global energy safety, all the countries have been called on to take joint efforts.

A. Having ensured B. Ensuring

C. To ensure D. To have ensured

14. When the office, I found the naughty boy beside my desk, trembling.

A. entered; standing B. entering; stood

C. entered; stood D. entering; standing

15. We all know that, , the nuclear radiations in Japan will get worse.

A. not if dealt properly with

B. if not properly dealt with

C. if dealt not properly with

D. not if properly dealt with

16. With so many workers off, the British government knew it was time that it had to do something.

A. to lay B. to be laid

C. laid D. laying

17. Almost all of his time experiments, he has no time to visit his parents.

A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

18. As a journalist you should first decided what events before you make some interviews, thus unnecessary trouble.

A. to report; avoiding

B. to be reported; avoiding

C. reported; to avoid

D. to report; avoided

19. her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag behind her.

A. Seeing; flying B. Seen; flown

C. To see; to fly D. Seeing; was flying

20. Nuclear radiation is said the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.

A. being B. to be

C. to have been D. that it is

参考答案与解析:

1. C 根据句法, 问句中what在句中作主语, 而A、B、D三个选项不能充当主语, 所以可用动名词作主语。此句是一个省略句, 可补为:Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time made my skin look so terrible.

2. A 根据句法, 句中Mr. Smith put forward是个定语从句, 修饰前面的名词idea;用不定式作后置定语, 或用of reducing the production cost修饰idea。句意是:你觉得史密斯先生提出的削减生产成本的理念怎么样?

3. C 句中they need是个定语从句, deliver与information之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

4. A look是系动词, 不能用被动形式, 所以用现在分词充当后置定语。

5. C bury是及物动词, 与three girls之间构成动宾关系, 所以应用被动形式;此外, bury所表示的动作发生在谓语were rescued这一动作之前, 所以用现在分词完成式的被动形式。

6. D receive是及物动词, the astronauts 与receive之间构成主谓关系, 所以用现在分词;此外, receive所表示的动作发生在boarded这一动作之前, 所以用现在分词的完成式。

7. D 句中用了finding her car stolen, 所以可以推测, 句子的主语应是分词动作的执行者, A项不符合逻辑, 所以答案选D。

8. B 用不定式作后置定语, 常用不定式的主动形式, 修饰其前的名词role。

9. A 此句是由as引导的让步状语从句, Exciting as its special effects are = though its special effects are exciting ;在形容词exciting后常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义, 此时, 不定式所表示的动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。故答案选A。

10. C accomplish是及物动词, 与the project之间构成动宾关系, 所以要用被动形式。时间状语by the end of 2012表示将来的时间, 所以用不定式表示将要发生的动作, 故此题用不定式的被动形式的一般形式。

11. A see是及物动词, 与anyone之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语;根据句意, 表示“看见某人正在干某事”, 所以seen后应用现在分词作补足语。故答案选A。

12. B occupy oneself in doing sth.表示“使自己忙于做某事”, 相当于be occupied in doing sth.。主语与及物动词occupy之间构成主谓关系, 所以用现在分词作状语。注意Occupying himself in carrying out an experiment= Occupied in carrying out an experiment。

13. C 根据句意, 在句中作目的状语, 所以用不定式;ensure所表示的动作不是发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 所以用不定式的一般式。

14. D 从句是由when引导的时间状语从句, 从句中的主语应与主句主语保持一致。主语I与及物动词enter之间构成主谓关系, 所以第一空用现在分词。the naughty boy 与不及物动词stand之间构成主谓关系, 所以第二空用现在分词作宾语补足语。故答案选D。

15. B 所考查部分是个插入的由if引导的条件状语从句。deal with与从句主语the nuclear radiations之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词, 它的否定形式应在非谓语动词前加not;此部分可补为:if the nuclear radiations are not properly dealt with。

16. C 此题考查with的复合结构。根据句意, 表示已经发生了的动作, lay off与workers之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作原因状语。

17. B devote是及物动词, 与almost all of his time之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语;devote time to…是个固定短语, 其中的to是介词, 所以其后要用动名词。

18. A 第一空考查不定式的复合结构作decided的宾语, 即用“疑问词+不定式的主动形式”;而句中thus是副词, 不是连词, 表示前面句子的内容所产生的结果, 表示主动关系, 所以第二空用现在分词。

19. A see是及物动词, the little girl与see之间构成主谓关系, 所以第一空用现在分词作状语, 表示伴随的动作;句中没有连词, 第二空考查的是独立主格结构, 分词有它自己的主语her schoolbag, fly在本句中作不及物动词, her schoolbag与fly之间构成主谓关系, 表示正在进行的动作, 所以用现在分词。

20. C be said后应接不定式, 再根据时间状语over the past few months, 要用完成式, 故本题应用不定式的完成式。

非谓语动词 篇8

A. woreB. were wearing

C. having wornD. wearing

2. If you haven’t finished the project， then it’s better to be left ___ .

A. being unmentionedB. to be unmentioned

C. unmentionedD. to have unmentioned

3. “Things ___ never come again！” I couldn’t help talking to myself.

A. lostB. losing

C. to loseD. have lost

4. ___ from the top of the city tower， it looks more beautiful.

A. SeenB. To see

C. Having seenD. Seeing

5. Do you think it any good ___ with him again？

A. to talkB. talking

C. to talkingD. having talked

6. Walking and running are the oldest and excellent ___ exercise for all ages.

A. shaping bodyB. body shaping

C. body shapedD. shaped body

7. When we saw the road ___ with snow， we decided to spend the holiday at home.

A. blockB. to block

C. blockingD. blocked

8. Many buildings in the city need repairing， but the one ___ first is the library.

A. repairedB. being repaired

C. repairingD. to be repaired

9. Alexander tried to get his work ___ in the medical circles.

A. to recognizeB. recognizing

C. recognizeD. recognized

10. There is a river ___ around our school.

A. to runB. run

C. runningD. to be running

11. The question ___ now at the meeting is on environment.

A. is discussedB. discussed

C. being discussedD. is being discussed

12. Have you ever changed an answer on a test， only ___ out later that your first answer was the right one？

A. to findB. finding

C. have foundD. to have found

13. After she finishes the project， she’ll have nothing ___ .

A. to be worrying aboutB. to worry about

C. worry aboutD. being worried about

14. ___ the best in a science competition， the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $ 21， 000.

A. To be judgedB. Judged

C. Having judgedD. Judging

15. A few yards down Colson Street， she caught sight of a figure ___ in the opposite direction.

A. to hurryB. to be hurrying

C. hurryingD. having hurried

16. ___ the whole passage， he got a general idea of it.

A. ScanningB. To scan

C. ScannedD. Having scanned

17. William Beebe， one of the first men ___ the depth of the sea， died in 1962.

A. exploringB. having exploring

C. exploredD. to explore

18. ___ twice a year， whether it is a car or a bus， is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

A. ExaminingB. Examined

C. Being examinedD. To examine

19. The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing ___ have attracted the government’s attention.

A. solvingB. solve

C. to solveD. solved

20. On stepping into the classroom， she found the desk ___ with something unknown.

A. coveredB. covering

C. being coveredD. to be covered

21. The comments the expert made ___ stockmarket bothered him greatly.

A. concerningB. be concerned

C. concernedD. to be concerning

22. He went over all his notes in such a short time， ___ for the next day’s examination.

A. preparingB. was preparing

C. to be preparedD. being prepared

23. The firefighters rushed into the ___ house， three of whom were caught in it.

A. burningB. burnt

C. being burntD. to be burnt

24. There， in the corner， sat three girls， ___ .

A. talkingB. were talking

C. to talkD. talked

25. With no agreement ___ ， the leaders will spend another two hours discussing the problem.

A. being reachedB. reaching

C. reachedD.to be reached

26. It is reported that women graduates are 50% more likely than non-graduates ___ childless throughout their lives.

A. remainedB. remaining

C. remainD. to remain

27. Which do you prefer， ___ your weekend， playing computer games or watching TV？

A. spendingB. spend

C. being spentD. to spend

28. ___ to catch the early bus， we had to wait another 30 minutes instead.

A. FailB. Failed

C. To failD. Having failed

29. Sichuan Province， ___ in southwest China， is one of the largest provinces in China.

A. locatedB. locating

C. to be locatedD. is located

30. What worried the child most was ___ to visit his mother in hospital.

A. not his being allowedB. his being not allowed

C. his not allowingD. his not being allowed

31. The woman admitted ___ someone else’s credit card.

A. having usedB. used

C. to useD. to have used

32. The way Della thought of ___ enough money was to sell her beautiful hair.

A. gotB. getting

C. to getD. get

33. Why not bring along some skincare cream？ ___ to sunlight will surely burn your skin.

A. ExposedB. Being exposed

C. Having exposedD. To have exposed

34. ___ to the people， Mary was respected and loved by almost all the people who knew her.

A. DevotingB. Devoted

C. DevoteD. To devote

35. The students are forbidden， unless they have special passes， ___ after 11 pm.

A. to be stayed outB. to stay out

C. staying outD. being stayed out

36. The construction laws have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways， ___ them more resistant to quakes.

A. madeB. to make

C. makeD. making

37. ___ the Ming Dynasty， the Ming Imperial Tombs has a long history.

A. Dated back toB. Dating back to

C. To date back toD. Date back to

38. Of the 2000 investors ___ last month， 90% was found lacking in financial knowledge.

A. surveyedB. been surveyed

C. to be surveyedD. being surveyed

39. — Can the project be finished as planned？

— Sure. ___ it completed in time， we’ll work two more hours a day.

A. To have gotB. To get

C. GettingD. Having got

40. She didn’t remember ___ him before.

A. having metB. have met