动词的不定式

动词的不定式（精选12篇）

动词的不定式 篇1

在英语学习中, 我们会经常遇到有的动词宾语只能用动词不定式, 而有的只能用动名词, 甚至有极少数的动词宾语即可以用带to的动词不定式也可以用不带to的动词不定式。这些英语的习惯用法如果平时不注意观察, 就会引起使用上的错误, 本人把教材中出现的有关这方面的动词进行了归纳, 供学习时参考。

一、用于动词宾语的动词不定式而不能因于动名词的动词如下这些:

1) fail:The student failedto passtheexam lastterm.

2) promise:Now I promise to send him to schoolevery day.

3) dare:He is the man who dares to say whathe thinks.

4) want:The leader says that he will want tomeet you tomorrow morning.

5) plan:They planned to visit the Great Wall thistime next year.

6) hope:We hope to help the old man everyweekend.

7) offer:The boy often offers to clean the class-room.

8) agree:Atlastmymotheragreedtoseethefilm with us the day before yesterday.

9) learn:His brother has learnt to drive the car.

10) afford:I am afraid that they can’t afford togive you any more help now.

11) hesitate:She hesitates to ask you, but willyou lend her some money?

12) refuse:He had no time so he refused toplay with you.

13) manage:The poorfamily didmanageto sendher to the university with the help of society.

14) decide:Though I failed this time, I still de-cided to try it again.

15) need:Youdon’t needto buy the bookandI will lend it to you.

16) pretend:The man pretended not to see mein the street.

17) wish:Everyonewishestohaveagoodluckyin a new year.

18) expect:Theparentsexpectto gettheirson’sletter every week.

二、用于动词宾语的动名词而不能用于动词不定式的动词有如下这些:

1) prevent:DO you have ability to prevent herdoing that thing?

2) advise:The teacher advised speaking more Eng-lish if you want to learn it well.

3) allow:I mustn’t allow smoking in the classroom

4) admit:Everyone can’t be admitted taking thebooks out of the reading-room.

5) stop:We must never stop making revolution.

6) understand:I can’t understand your uncle’s think-ing such a thing.

7) finish:Tom finished painting the wall when hisfather came into the room.

8) enjoy:Allof usenjoy swimming intheriverexcept her because she dare not swim in the river.

9) miss:Hemissedtomeethisgoodfriendinthe railway station yesterday evening.

10) excuse:Please excuse my troubling your work

11) practice:The students should practice runningevery morning.

12) consider:I can’t consider telling you aboutthis thing.

13) suggest:The doctor suggests practicing more andsleeping less.

14) mind:Would you mind opening the window?

三、即可以用于带to的动词宾语的动词不定式也可以用不带to的动词宾语的动词不定式:

help:Customer’s criticisms help (to) improve the service work of our shops.

动词的不定式 篇2

2、动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。

如: to read a book、to sing at the party。

3、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

带to的不定式结构：

我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want、ask、 tell、hope、 learn、try、decide、forget、remember、like 、 love、 stop、go、come等。

不带to的不定式结构：

1、在固定词组had better之后。

注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth

例如：You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。

2、在let、make、see、 feel、 watch、 hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

例如：I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。

3、在引导疑问句的why not之后。

“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。

例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?

关注动词不定式的完成体 篇3

一、动词不定式的完成体

(1)如果不定式表示的动作是瞬间动作时，它表示一个在现在或过去某时之前已经完成的动作；如果是延续性动词，它表示一个一直持续到现在或过去某时的动作。

A.常见的可接不定式的完成体的有：happen，see，appear，prove，pretend，seem等。例如：

They seem to have experienced a destructive earthquake.他们似乎已经历了一场毁灭性的地震。(表示事情已经发生)

My grandmother appeared to have lived a happy life.我奶奶似乎一直过得很幸福。(她的幸福生活一直持续到现在)

B.常见的可用于“主语 + be said + to have done/been”，相当于主动句“People say that ...”，类似的结构有：be reported /thought/supposed/expected/believed/considered/known等。例如：

Her husband is said to have given up smoking.据说她丈夫已经戒烟了。(戒烟发生在“据说”之前)

The young girl is reported to have served the club for five years.据说那个小姑娘已经在这个俱乐部服役五年了。(不定式表示谓语动作所处的状态)

C.常见的可以接不定式完成体的形容词有：glad，happy，sad，disappointed，satisfied，sorry，surprised等。例如：

Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.对不起，给您添了那么多的麻烦。

We are disappointed to have known that our team lost the game.知道了我们队输了这场比赛，我们很失望。

试比较下面不定式的一般式和完成式的区别：

Im happy to have seen you.见到你很高兴。(分手时说的话)

Im happy to see you.见到你很高兴。 (见面时说的话)

Im sorry to keep you waiting for a moment.对不起，要请你等一会。(说话时还未等)

Im sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.对不起，让你等久了。(说话时已经等了很久了)

(2)be + 不定式完成时态表示本该做或想做但又未做的动作。例如：

You were to have arrived there early that day.__那天你们应该早点儿到那。(但你们晚到了。)

I was to have helped him then，but I was too busy.那时我本想帮他的忙，可我太忙了。(未帮他的忙)

(3)表示“意图，打算”之意的动词如hope，wish，expect，think，suppose，want，plan，agree，mean，try等用过去时，后接不定时完成时做宾语时，表示想做而未做成的事情。这种意义也可用这类词的“过去完成时 + 不定式的一般式”来表达。例如：

We wished to have put out the fire in thirty minutes.(= We had wished to put out the fire in thirty minutes.) 我们本打算半小时就把火扑灭的。(结果没有)

The engineers planned to have removed the temple before the dam was completed.(=The engineers had planned to remove the temple before the dam was completed.) 工程师们决定大坝建成之前把那座寺庙移走。

二、动词不定式的完成进行体

动词不定式的完成进行体表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，并一直在进行着。其结构与不定式的完成体类似。如：

He is said to have been translating Lu Xuns works into English.据说他一直在把鲁迅的作品译成英文。(现仍然在译)

He seems to have been teaching in that school for ten years.他似乎已经在那所学校教了十年书了。(强调继续教)

The kind-hearted millionaire is very happy to have been helping the disabled.那位善良的富翁一直在帮助残疾人，并为此感到非常高兴。(仍在帮助)

We supposed to have been living here till our children grew up.我们原以为可以在这一直呆下去，直到我们的孩子长大。(但我们家搬了)

三、动词不定时完成体的被动式

当主语与不定式的动词有被动关系，且不定式所表示的动作又先于谓语动词动作发生时，动词不定式就要用完成体的被动式。例如：

The book is said to have been translated into many languages.__据说那本书已被译成了多种语言。

The oranges were thought to have all been sold out.人们认为桔子已经全部卖光了。

动词不定式的用法小结 篇4

动词不定式是英语中动词的一种非谓语形式, 即由小品词+动词原形构成, 有两种形式, 一种是不带to的不定式, 另一种是带to的不定式。动词不定式 (含动词不定式短语) 有名词、形容词和副词的作用, 在句子中除了不能充当谓语之外, 可以充当其他任何句子成份。 (注意:有一类谓语动词后只能接不带有to的不定式。)

1.使役性动词。如:have、let、make等, 例:Qoit stop her let her to home.

2.感官动词。如:see、hear、notice、feel、taste、smell等, 例:I heard somebody cry last night.

3.情态动词。如:can、may、must等。例:You can go first.

4.一些固定结构如。Could、do、nothing、but、had、better、would、rather……than等。例:Youid bctfer ask the teacher first.

5.Why和Why not引导的提建议句型:

Why not go there with me at once?

Why do you come here so early?

6.两个不定式被连接在一起时后不定式省去的:

It’s better to do than (to) say.

二、动词不定式的时态和语态

1.动词不定式一般式的主动语态“to+动词原形”除表示现在情况外, 还可以表示将来。例:It’s very nice to see you.

2.动词不定式一般式的被动语态“to be+过去分词”, 例:The old should be treated as a child.

3.动词不定式进行时态, 如:“to be+doing”表示这个动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。例:He seems to be reading English.

4.动词不定式完成时态的被动语态, 形式为“to have been+过去分词, 表示这一动作发生在主语动作之前。例:She seemed to have unclerstood me.

5.动词不定式的完成式的被动语态形式为“to have been+过去分词”。例:It was very angry to have been treated as a child.

三、动词不定式的用法

1.作主语时, 常用it作形式主语 (it无词义) 而将不定式尾后作真正主语。例:To learn English well is very usefull→It’s very usefull to learn English well.注意:It’s+adj+for/of+sb+to do sty中当形容词。如:carefull、clever、kind、good、right、wrong等词时或当sb与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系时用of。例:It’s kind of you to help me.

2.作宾语、动词不定式常在:want、begin、stait、like、forget、ask、learn、decide、wish、hope、agree、refuse、fail、plan等的物动词后作宾语。例:He asked us to do that thing.

注意:动词不定式作宾语时, 可用形式宾语it代替, 不定式后移作真正宾语, 其句型结构为:S+V+it+adj+ (for sb) to do sth.例:I found it hessong to do that thing.

这类作谓语的动词有:think、make、find、feel等。

3.作表语:多用来表示将来的职业或要做的某件事。

例:Her job is to help the patients.

The most important thing is to funisb the book.

4.作定语, 有两种情况

(1) 被修饰成份在意义上是不定式所表动作的执行者, 不定式的动词可以是积极动词, 如果是及物动词就要带上宾语:He is the first one to come.And the last to leave.I saw him vide abike.

(2) 被修饰成份在意义上是不定式的动作的承受者时, 不定式的动词应是及物动词, 如是不及物动词, 其后应加相应的介词。例:He has no pencit to writle with.

总之, 作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词在意义上有主谓关系或动宾关系, 并且不定式放在被修饰的名词之后。

5.作状语

(1) 作目的状语, 表示做该动作的目的:

He came here to see his father.

(2) 作原因状语:用在某些作表语的表情绪的形容词之后, 说明产生这种情绪的原因, 例:I’m sorry to hear that……

常用的这类形容词有:sorry、happy、pleased、angry、clever、polite、foolish、wrong、saynised等。

(3) 作结果状语

(1) only+不定式用来表示未预料到或令人沮丧的结果。例:Ihurriecl to his house only to fird he was out.

(2) 形副+enough+不定式, 意为“只能……”来表示肯定的结果:He’s old enorgh to go to school.

(3) too+形副+不定式“有太……, 都不能……”之意, 有否定的意思:You ane too yourd to understand this.

(4) So……as+不定式结构, 只表示结果。

He struck the snake so as to breack it’s back.

(5) 有些动词不定式在不及物动词后或在及物动词的宾语后面, 可作结果状语:They lived have to see the river.

(4) 动作不定式也可跟在部分作表语的形容词后作状语, 例:He is easy to get on with.

(5) 部分动词后面用不定式和动名词作宾语均可, 但意义上有差别, 要区别对待, 这样的动词有stop、rememhen、forget、help等。

(6) 名词+短语“疑问句+不定式”这种结构, 在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语, 相当于一个从句, 例:

She asked her mother when to go home.

Her to do the work is easy to decide.

动词的不定式 篇5

动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

一、不定式的形式：

主 动 被 动

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing /

完成式 to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing /

否定式：not /never + (to) do

二、不定式的句法功能：

1.作主语：

eg.)To make a speech here is an honor.

To lose heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，如上两句可用如下形式：

It is an honor to make a speech here.

It means failure to lose heart.

常用结构：

It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.

It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.

(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)

Eg.)It’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English.

It is foolish of you to make such a mistake.=You are foolish to make such a mistake.

2.作表语：

eg.)Her wish is to become a novelist.

He appears to have caught a cold.

不定式一般紧跟在系动词如be, seem, remain, appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.

eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.

有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。

Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them.

What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.

如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.

Eg.) The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.

比较:

A组: Sth.+be +不定式(作表语)---表示主语的具体内容

Sth.+be +不定式(作表语)---表示时态(将来时)

Eg.)He is to tidy up the room.

His plan is to tidy up the room.

B组:动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别:

1. 一般情况下,区别不大,可通用

eg.) Seeing is believing.

=To see is to believe.

2. 动名词表示的动作较抽象、或是习惯性的, 而不定式表示某次具体的动作.

Eg.)My job is typing papers.

My job now is to type these papers.

3.作宾语：

A. 动词+ to不定式

常见动词: hope, wish, long, want, refuse, pretend, promise, agree, aim, decide, expect, offer, fail, plan, learn, manage, intend, desire, etc.

eg.) I longed to become an artist.

He helped (to) bring up the orphan.

B.动词+(间接宾语)+疑问词+ to不定式

常见动词: know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, understand, find out, etc.

eg.) I don’t know what to say to comfort her.

The farmer showed us how to milk the cow.

C.动词+ it+宾语补足语+( for sb.)+ to不定式：

常见动词:find, consider, think, make, feel, etc.

eg.) Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

I think it important for you to recite some English articles.

D.介词but, except后可接to不定式作宾语。

注意句中谓语或非谓语部分含有do，那么不定式可省去to

eg.)Seeing the room crowded, I had no choice but to stand in the dark.

Seeing the room crowded, I could do nothing but stand in the dark.

4.作宾语补足语：

A. 动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式

常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, persuade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc.

eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.

They are waiting for the school bus to come.

B. 动词+宾语+不带to的不定式

常用动词: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三让); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看) ;help (半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc. 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.

Eg.) I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

比较: I saw him crossing the road.

He was seen _____the road.

I saw him carried downstairs.

He was seen ____ downstairs.

5.作定语：(考点集中在动词不定式与被修饰词的逻辑关系的判断上)

A.与被修饰名词构成动宾关系：

Eg.) I have a meeting to attend.

He found a good house to live in. (如果不定式是vi，其后应有适当的介词.)

如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：

eg.)He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

注意如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式就用被动语态表示。比较:

I am going to the post office, for I have a letter to post.

I am going to the post office, do you have any letter to be posted?

B. 与被修饰名词构成主谓关系：

Eg.)He is the right person to do that job.

He is the first to get here.

注意不定式+介词修饰名词也可以转换成介词+关系代词（whom或which）+不定式。

Eg.) Mary is a nice companion to travel with.

Mary is a nice companion with whom to travel.

I got a piece of paper to write on.

I got a piece of paper on which to write.

C．说明所修饰名词的内容：

Eg.) We have made a plan to finish the work.

Jane expressed a wish to earn her own living.

6.作状语：

A.表目的：

Eg.) He worked day and night to pay off the debt .

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

To save money, every means has been tried. (×)

To save money, he has tried every means. (√)

= He has tried every means in order to/so as to save money.

= In order to save money, he has tried every means.

B.表结果：

Eg.)I visited him only to find him out.

Would you be so kind as to tell me the way to the garden Hotel?

His behavior is such as to make his friends angry.

The patient is strong enough to walk about.

too…to…结构

Eg.)It’s too dark for us to see anything.

The question is too simple for him to answer.

注：对少数几个表示心情或倾向的形容词，如：glad, ready, pleased, willing, anxious, happy, satisfied, etc.用于too…to…结构时表示肯定意义。

eg.)They were too anxious to leave.

I am only/but too glad to do you the favor.

C.表原因：

Eg.)They were very excited to hear the news that their team had won the game.

7.作插入语和同位语：

常见插入语:to tell (you) the truth/to be frank; truth to tell实不相瞒;to start/begin with; to conclude; to make matter worse; to be more exact确切地讲;to make a long story short长话短说，简而言之;to be fair公平地说，凭心而论;to be sure肯定地，毫无疑问地;

eg.)To tell (you) the truth, I don’t like the way _______he talked.

To make matter worse/___ ____, the computer broke down.

We have made a plan to finish the work.

Her wish to be an air hostess has never come true.

三、不定式的时态:

1.一般式－(to)+动原：不定式的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

Eg.)The policeman made the thief stand in the corner.

The play is said to be made into a film soon.

2.进行式－to be+现分：不定式的进行式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词动作同时发生。(seem, appear, happen, pretend等动词的结构中)

Eg.)The boy pretended to be working hard.

=The boy pretended that he was working hard.

He seems to be reading in his study.

=It seems that he is reading in his study.

3.完成式－to have +过分：不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词动作之前.

eg.)I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

The novel is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.

=It is said that the novel has been translated into several foreign languages.

比较: I must be off now. I am pleased to have met/meeting you all.(分手告别时)

Pleased to meet you, Mr. Cook.(初次见面时)

四、不定式的语态:

主动式和被动式

A. 如不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者, 不定式需用被动语态－to be +过分

eg.) He dislikes to be praised in public.

The only animal to be seen in the desert was the camel.

B. 主动的形式表示被动:

①句中存在不定式的逻辑主语, 构成逻辑上的主谓关系：

eg.) The master gave his dog a few bones to eat.

I have a lot of papers to type.

(比较:I am free now. Do you have any papers to be typed?)

②在“形容词+不定式”结构中, 如不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,那么不定式多用主动语态.

常见形容词：hard, difficult, easy, fit, cheap, expensive, interesting, etc.

Eg.) The water is fit to drink.

The couch is comfortable to sit on.=It is comfortable to sit on the couch.

The sentence is easy _____ (explain). =It is________

The tea is bitter _______(taste).

③在there be结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义.

Eg.) There is always much work to do in the house.

④下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.

Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。

He is not to blame. 他不该受责备。

但在be + to不定式以及be likely to结构中，如果主语是不定式所表示的承受者，那么不定式仍须用被动语态。

Eg.) The collection of poems is to be published within a year.

The results of the exams remain to be seen.

He is likely to be made monitor of our class.=It is likely that he is made ….

五、不定式的否定式： not/never + (to ) 不定式

eg.) They hurried along in order not to be late.

The boy promised never to play truant again.

六、不定式的省略与保留：保留to,省略do动词。

Ⅰ.不定式符号的省略与保留:

1. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than…, would sooner…than…, cannot but, why (not) 等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:

eg.) You’d better tell her the truth.

2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语，且介词之前有行为动词do或其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。

Eg.) What do you like to do besides swim?

My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.

Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.

3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略；如果表示对比关系，则不定式符号to通常保留。

eg.) They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop. （对比关系）

She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. （并列关系）

4．在某些感官动词或使役动词（如：hear，listen to， notice，observe， see， watch， make等）之后充当宾语补足语

的不定式中，不定式符号to总是被省略， 但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号to通常保留。

Eg.) They made that man work all the morning.

That man was made to work all the morning.

5.不定式短语作表语，不定式符号to通常保留，但当what引导的名词性从句作主语，或all，everything等后接定语从句作主语，从句谓语部分含有动词do 或do的其他形式时，作表语的不定式可以保留也可省略不定式符号to。

eg.) The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.

The only thing I can do is (to) go on y myself.

II.不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留

1.为了避免重复，在hope， wish， want， like， love，decide， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其它部分省略。

Eg.) Ms King lied to us because she had to.

2.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时, 为了避免重复, 常保留不定式符号to，而把后面的动词省略.

eg.) She wants to come , but her parents won’t allow her to.

If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.

He didn’t come, though we had invited him to.

3.在特定的上下文中, 为了避免重复, 如果不定式为一般式to be…或完成式to have done时, 则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留, be或have之后的部分通常要省略.

eg.) ---Aren’t you the headmaster?

--- No, but I don’t want to be.

--- Hasn’t he finished the report?

--- No, but he ought to have.

补充:

不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留：

Eg.)1. If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.

2.---Ought I to finish the work today?

---Yes, you ought to.

注：㈠以上例句中的不定式符号to均不能省略。但如省略名词后的不定式时，则to可以一起省去。

Eg.) Never will Tom miss school for no reason; he hasn’t the courage (to).

I will come as soon as I have got the chance (to).

㈡ want 和would like如用于从句中，to通常可以省略。

Eg.) Come whenever you want (to).

You can stay here as long as you like (to).

㈢如不定式带有系动词be或助动词have, 则须保留be或have.

Eg.) ---Are you a teacher?---No, but I used to _be_.

--- Sorry, I haven’t finished my work yet?---Well, you ought to have.

㈣另外两种省略to的情况.

⑴ 如主语部分含有动词do,则作表语的不定式可省略to

eg.) What I want to do is run a night school.

⑵当两个或两个以上的不定式并列使用时,除第一个不定式以外,其余的不定式一般要省略to.

Eg.) It is up to you to decide whether to stay or leave.

动词不定式 篇6

一、动词不定式的各种形式

1、动词不定式的否定形式：由“not+to do”构成。如：Tell him not to shut the window。

2、动词不定式的被动形式：由“to be+done”构成。如：Little Jim should love t0 be taken to the theatre thisevening，

3、动词不定式的进行时形式：由“to be+doing”构成。如：

When I came in，he pretended to be reading，

4、动词不定式的完成形式：由“to have+done”构成。如：

I would love to have gone to the party last night buiI had to work extra hours to finish a report，

二、动词不定式的功用

1、作主语。不定式作主语一般位于句首，谓语用单数。如：

To learn a foreign language is difficult，

为了平衡句子，通常把不定式作主语改为it作形式主语，即：It's+n.／adj.+for.／of ab.+to do.如：

Is it necessary to complete the design beforeNational Day?

2、作表语。不定式常用在系动词be，seem，appear，get，remain等后作表语。如：

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the oldcouple，but it remains to be seen whether they willenjoy it，

3、作宾语。

(1)能直接接不定式做宾语的动词有：offer learn pianpromise，agree，prepare，decide，refuse，manage，demand，pretend等。如：

We agree to meet here，but so far she hasntturned up yet，

(21动词+疑问词+不定式。这类动词有：decide，findout，forget，remember，understand，wonder等。如：

Ive worked with children before，so I know what to expect in my new job，

(3)不定式作介词宾语。介词except／but之后接不定式时，如果介词前有动词do，那么不定式不带to。如：

She has no choice except to wait for the news，

The man can do everything but speak French，

(4)有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义不同。如：go on doing sth，继续做同一件事，go on todo sth，接着干另外一件事；stop doing sth，停止干某事，stop to do sth.，停下来去干某事；forget doing sth，忘记干了某事，forget to do sth，忘记要干某事；cant helpdoing sth，禁不住干某事，cant help to do sth，不能帮助干某事……

4、作宾语补足语(主语补足语)。

(1)有些动词可接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词有：Warm，ask，allow，permit，order，tell，advise，expect，invite，encourage，persuade等。如果这些动词用于被动语态，原来的宾语补足语就转化为主语补足语。如：

Mrs Smith warned laer daughter never to drive afterdrinking，

(2)有些动词可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词有：have，make，1et，see，hear，listen to，lookat，watch，notice，observe等。这类动词用于被动语态后，用作主语补足语的不定式不能省略不定式符号to。如：

They knew her very well，They had seen her grow up，

Jone was made to wash the truck for a week as apunishment，

5、作定语。

(1)当被修饰的动词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式用主动形式；若不定式是不及物动词，与所修饰的词有意义上的动宾关系，其后应加一个适当的介词。如：

After he considered the problem，she got a tall boxto stand on，

(2)不定式可用在the first，the second以及the last，theonly和最高级等后面作定语。如：

e likes to listen to Mr Lis lessons，so she isalways the first to come and the last to leave，

6、作状语。不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也表示结果和原因。为了强调目的，有时可把不定式放在句首，有时在不定式前加in order或so as。如：

Tom kept quite about the accident so as not to losehisiob。

动词不定式短语的用法小结 篇7

一、不定式短语作主语

不定式短语作主语时, 常用It做形式主语, 而将不定式放在句尾。比如, It is our duty to work hard.但是, 将不定式直接放在句首也是正确的。如, To work hard is our duty.

二、不定式可以用作表语

不定式作表语时, 用来表示主语的内容, 或者某种未来可能或预计要发生的事情。比如, Her wish is to be a English teacher。

三、不定式短语可以作宾语

1. 在英语中, 有些动词后边, 常用不定式作宾语。

如:want, like, hope, offer, start, hate, choose, learn, mean, beg, agree, ask, begin, plan, continue, wish, fail, dislike, expect, fail, help, prefer等。

2. 作定语。

I have something to eat。

3. 作状语。

I have to get early to catch theschool bus。

4. 作宾语补足语。

在英语中, 有一部分动词常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。这样的动词有:ask, invite, advise, get, allow, want, wish, wish, prefer, hate, expect, encourage等。比如, She told me to come back before 9:00。

但是, 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel, listen to, look at等, 这些词后边的宾语补足语中不定式的to可以省略。如:I ofen hear him sing in the room。

动词不定式的十大考点例析 篇8

动词不定式具有两大特点:

1.动词不定式具有动词的特点,因此,动词不定式后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,一起构成动词不定式短语。

2.动词不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。

一、动词不定式作主语

1.(北京海淀区)建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

It will______the workers over a year______the flyover.

2.(安徽) It’s very nice＿＿＿＿＿＿you to get me two tickets＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the World Cup.

A.for,of

B.of,for

C.to,for

D.of,to

Keys:1.take,to,build;2.B

[分析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:

1.It is+形容词+of somebody+to do something.这一结构中的形容词常有nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等,与介词of搭配,这些形容词描述的是动词不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。

2.It is+名词+(for somebody)+to do something.

3.It takes somebody how long time to do something.

4. It is+形容词+for somebody+to do something.这一结构中的形容词常有hard,difficult,easy,important等,与介词for搭配,这些形容词描述的是动词不定式的动作、行为的性质。

二、动词不定式作宾语

(福建)Don’t forget______your homework with you when you come to school.

A.to bring

B.bringing

C.to take

D.taking

Keys:A

[分析]在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start, seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面,接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词作补足语时,则用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

三、动词不定式作宾语补足语

(江苏)Robert often asks us______his Chinese,so his Chinese is much better than before.

A.help him

B.to help him with

C.to help with

D.helps him with

Key:B

[分析]动词不定式作宾语补足语。接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。

四、动词不定式作状语

1.(江西)She went＿＿＿＿＿＿her teacher.

A.to see

B.looks

C.saw

D.seeing

Key:A

[分析]go,come,try,do/try one’s best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常接动词不定式作目的状语。

2.(河北)I’m sorry＿that.

A.hears

B.hearing

C.hear

D.to hear

Keys:D

[分析]“be+形容词+to do something”结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。

3.(广东)The panda is so fat that it can’t go through the hole.(改为同义句)

The hole_such a fat panda to go through.

Keys:is,too,small,for

[分析]在“so…that…”引导的结果状语从句中,可以将来其改为“too+形容词/副词+(for somebody)to do…”(太……而不能…)和“enough (for somebody) to do…”(足以、足够……做……)结构,动词不定式作结果状语。

五、动词不定式作定语

1.(湖北)Would you like something＿＿＿＿＿＿?

A.drink

B.drinking

C.to drink

D.drinks

2.(山东)He is not an easy man＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A.get on

B.to get on

C.get on with

D.to get on with

Key:1.C;2.D

[分析]动词不定式作定语时,常把动词不定式放在被修饰的词语之后,组成逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。

如果动词不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。

六、不带to的动词不定式

1.(河南)We saw him＿＿＿＿＿＿the building and go upstairs.

A.to enter

B.enter

C.entering

D.entered

2.(贵州)I was made＿＿＿＿＿＿my homework in the after- noon.

A.do

B.doing

C.to do

D.did

Key:1.B;2.C

[分析]在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。

七、动词不定式的否定形式

(湖北)The old man told the child______noisy.

A.not be

B.not to be

C.to not be

D.be not

Key:B

[分析]动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加not,如果是不带to的动词不定式就直接在动词原形前面加not。

八、某些动词后面接动词不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别

1.(广西)Please stop＿＿＿＿＿＿a rest if you feel tired.

A.to have

B.having

C.have

D.has

2.(四川) Jim was badly hurt,so he had to stop＿＿＿＿＿＿(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)

Key:1.A;2.walking

[分析]一些常见的动词后面接动词不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:

“stop to do something”,意为“停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”。

“remember to do something”,意为“记住去做某事”(事还未做),“remember doing something”,意为“记得做过某事”(事已做)。

“go on to do something”,意为“接着做某事”(做完一事,接着做另一事),“go on doing something”,意为“继续做某事”(一事未做完接着往下做)。

“forget to do something”,意为“忘了做某事”(事还未做),“forget doing something”,意为“忘了曾做过某事”(事已做)。

3.(福建)When I was walking in the street I saw a plane一＿＿＿＿＿＿over my head.

A.flies

B.flying

C.flew

D.to fly

4.(黑龙江)A woman saw it＿when she was walking past.

A.happen

B.happens

C.happening

D.to happen

Key:3.B;4.A

[分析]在see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词后面接不带to的不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作正在进行)。

九、动词不定式符号to的省略和动词不定式符号to的保留

(浙江)一Would you like to go to the cinema with us?

—Yes,_.What time are we going to meet?

A.I would

B.I would like

C.I like to

D.I'd like to

Keys:D

[分析]在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式的动词要省略,但是不定式符号to不能省略。这种用法常见于“be glad to”,“would like(love)to”,“have to”等结构中。

十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式

(青海)The new hospital______is near the factory.

A.build

B.builds

C.to build

D.to be built

Key:D

直击动词不定式 篇9

一、作主语, 往往用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语动词不定式放在句末。常用句式:It is (not) +adj+ (of/for sb) to do sth.如:

To play basketball is interesting for me.打篮球对于我而言是有趣的事。

=It is interesting for me to play basketball.

注意:当句中的形容词表示人的性格特征 (nice, kind, clever, foolish等) 词时应该用of;其它用for。如:

It’s very kind of you to help me.

It’s useful for us to learn English well.对于我们来说学好英语是有用的。

二、作宾语。常接不定式作宾语的词如下:

Start, decide, learn, manage, pretend, want, wish, agree, begin等。

It’s very hot today.We want to swim.今天很热, 我们想去游泳。

I learned to play basketball when I was seven years old.当我7岁时, 我学习打篮球。

三、作表语。常放在连系动词之后。如:

My work is to teach you English.我的工作是教你们的英语。

Her dream is to work as a soldier.她的梦想是当一名士兵。

四、作定语。动词不定式作定语时, 常放于所修饰词之后。如:

Would you like something to drink?你想要一些喝的东西?

The last one to leave the room should turn off the lights.最后一个离开房间的人应该关灯。

五、作状语

1、表目的。如

To catch the eary bus, we often get up early.为了赶上早班车, 我们通常起床早。

2、表原因。如:

I’m glad to hear that.听说这件事我很高兴。

3、表结果。如:

Tom is old enough to join the army.汤姆已经够参军的年龄。

六、作宾语补足语。

1、常接不定式作宾语补足语动词如下:

Tell, ask, want, teach, wish, warn, help等。如:

Mr Zhao always asks us to finish our homework on time.赵老师总是要求我们按时完成家庭作业。

Could you help me to clean the classroom?你愿意帮助我打扫教室吗?

2、常接省to不定式作宾语补足语动词如下:

Let, make, have, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice, help等。如:

The boy made his young sister cry just now.刚才这个男孩使他的小妹妹哭了。

Let me help you.让我来帮助你。

注意:宾补省to动词, 主动语态省to, 被动语态应把to还原。如:

We heared him sing in the classroom. (改成被动语态)

He was heard to sing in the classroom.

七、与疑问词搭配。如:

I don’t know which one to buy.我不知道买哪一件。

Where to build the school hasn’t been decided.在哪儿修建学校还没有决定。

【练一练】

1.———Excuse me, could you tell me how_______Beijing Zoo? (2011北京市)

———Well, you may take Bus No.27.

A.get B.gets C.getting D.to get

2.Tom’s mother told him_______eating too much meat. (2011天津市)

3.We don’t know_______it next.Let’s go and ask Mr Li. (2011重庆市)

4.Whenever you have a chance_______English, you should take it. (2011河北省)

5.———Why are you so excited? (2011河南省)

———Peter invited me_______on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.

6.How kind you are!You always do what you can _______me. (2011江西省)

7.Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone.Relaxing allows you_______to your studies with more energy. (2011哈尔滨市)

8.Try to sing more English songs, you will find it interesting_______a foreign language.

A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.to learn (2011广东省)

9.———I like this set of sofa so much, but I don’t know_______it in my small house.

———You’re supposed to put it in the living room. (2011成都市)

A.where to put

B.why to put

C.how to put

10.Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _______ true.

A.come

B.came

C.comes (2011贵阳市)

11.We can’t work out the physics problem.Can you tell us_______? (2011兰州市)

12.At last the boy was made _______ and began to laugh. (2011呼和浩特市)

13.———They said sorry to me, but I wouldn’t listen. (2011苏州市)

———It’s foolish of you _______ others for their mistakes.

14.It’s very nice _______ you _______ my parents your best wishes. (2011无锡市)

英语动词不定式用法详解 篇10

一、句法功能

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词之特性, 同时也保留动词特征, 同自己的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语, 在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语。

1.作主语

To love and to be loved are both happiness.

(1) 不定式作主语时, 为了避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语, 不定式作真正主语, 常见句型有:

It is very nice to get up early and do morning exercise.

It is a great honor to make a speech at the meeting.

It took me five hours to finish my homework yesterday.

It is against my will to tell her the secret.

(2) 不定式的逻辑主语用of或for引出。用for时, 它前面的形容词说明不定式的性质, 而不是说明逻辑主语, 常见的形容词有:important, necessary, difficult等;用of时, 常用表示人的品质的形容词, 常见形容词有:nice, good, cruel, typical, silly, foolish, stupid, bright, clever, wise, right, wrong, mistaken等, 也可以用“逻辑主语+系动词+该形容词”模式改写:

It is very important for us to fasten safety belts.

It was silly of her to believe what he said = She was silly to believe what he said.

2.作宾语

(1) agree, beg, choose, decide, afford, fail, expect, hope, long, offer, manage, plan, prepare, pretend, strive, refuse, intend, promise, seem, wish, want等后常跟不定式作宾语。不定式一般不作介词宾语, 但可以作but, except的宾语:

My parents agreed to send me abroad for holidays if I passed the exam.

He had no choice but to have a rest at home.

(2) like, love, hate, continue等动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义接近, 区别在于不定式表示具体的动作, 动名词表示抽象概念:

I like reading, but I don’t like to read in the classroom today.

(3) 不定式作宾语时, 用it作形式宾语, 常跟一个形容词或者名词作宾补:

We consider it necessary to learn English well in case you go abroad.

We have made it a rule not to watch TV during dinner time.

3.作定语

( 1 ) 作定语时, 与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的“主谓关系”、“动宾关系”等:

He is always the first to come and the last to go. (主谓关系)

I have a very important meeting to attend this afternoon. (动宾关系)

I will go to Shanghai. Do you have anything to be taken there? (主谓关系)

注:此句中you不是不定式逻辑主语, 故anything就成逻辑主语, anything与take之前构成被动关系, 故用被动形式, 但也可用主动形式:

I will do some washing. Do you have any clothes to wash (to be washed) ?

There is a lot of homework to do (to be done) today.

(2) 如果作定语的动词不能与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系时, 要加相应的介词, 构成介宾关系:

I have bought a pen to write with and some paper to write on.

( 3 ) 某些抽象名词ability, way, need, possibility , determination等后也跟不定式作定语:

The girl has the ability to operate this modern machine.

He has showed the determination to finish the work ahead of time.

4.作状语

不定式作状语时, 通常表示原因、目的和结果, 逻辑主语通是句子的主语, 有主动和被动之分:

I was very pleased to hear the satisfactory news. (原因)

In order to go to college, I have to learn English well. (目的)

The question is very difficult to answer. =To answer the question is very difficult.

注意:不定式在这种情况下作状语, 一般是及物动词, 与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 翻译为“…起来”, 不用被动式:

The woman is very difficult to deal with.= To deal with the woman is very difficult.

He woke up at midnight, only to find the door was open. (结果)

He hurried to the school, only to be told that in was Sunday. (结果)

注意:分词也可作结果状语, 但不定式的主动和被动形式都表示出乎预料的结果, 而现在分词和过去分词均表示必然结果:

He was late again and again, thus making the boss angry.

He smoked again at work, thus caught by the boss.

5.作补语

(1) 作宾补或主补时, 不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或者主语, 有主动和被动之分。常用动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, consider, desire, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, want, warn等:

Our school doesn’t permit anyone to smoke in the school campus. (宾补)

We were forced to leave the classroom when school was over. (主补)

(2) 动词notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, have, feel跟省略to的不定式作宾补, 但这些动词变为被动语态时, 作主补的不定式要加上to:

I noticed a young lady enter the room hurriedly.

A young lady was noticed to enter the room hurriedly.

6.作表语

不定式作表语既可表示将来发生的动作, 也可表示应该做某事:

My job is to teach children English after graduation.

Who is to blame for the broken window?

二、动词不定式的时态和语态

不定式不仅有时态的变化, 而且有语态的变化。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 就用被动语态。

1.一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词动作或状态同时发生或之后发生:

He likes to swim in the small river this afternoon.

Nobody likes to be criticized in public.

2.完成式表示动作或状态在谓语动词动作或状态之前发生:

He was lucky to have met a kind and helpful man.

The book is said to have been translated into English.

3.进行式表示动作在谓语动词动作或状态发生时正在发生:

He pretended to be sleeping when his mother told him to do washing.

4.完成进行式表示在谓语动词动作或状态发生之前开始的动作, 到谓语动词动作发生时可能停止, 也可能会持续下去:

He seems to have been standing there for five hours.

三、动词不定式的否定及其它

1.不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前面加not:

The teacher ordered us not to make any noise in the classroom.

2.疑问词+不定式

“疑问词+不定式”相当于一个名词, 在句中作主语、宾语和表语, 其中的不定式常用一般式:

When to start for the journey has not been decided.

If you don’t know when to start for the journey, you’d better call him.

The problem is when to start for the journey.

3.不定式to的省略情况

(1) 在had better, would rather…than…, would…rather than…, do nothing but except other than, might as well, cannot help but cannot choose but cannot but以及情态动词、助动词之后:

I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema in such terrible weather.

There is nothing I can do other than but except ask for a leave.

(2) 动词help后可直接跟省略to的不定式, 即help do sth.;help后的不定式作宾补时, 如果句子主语直接参与不定式动作时省略to, 句子主语不直接参与不定式动作时, 一般不省略to:

Please help do housework, as I am too busy.

Would you please help me carry the box upstairs?

The book will help me to improve my writing skills.

(3) 在why或why not开头、表示建议的疑问句中:

Why argue with your mother?

Why not go outside and breathe some fresh air?

(4) 并列的两个以上的不定式, 从第二个开始省略to, 但对比关系中不能省略:

She will come to help us and give us a lecture.

We haven’t decided whether to go to America or to stay in China during the vacation.

(5) 不定式作表语时, 系动词前边有动词do的任何形式;句子主语是all或what引导的从句;主语被only, first, one, least及形容词最高级所修饰时:

The first thing I want to do now is (to) thank all the people who have helped me in my life.

All I can do is (to) offer him some money to buy food and clothes.

What she really hopes is (to) marry an honest man.

The only thing he can do is (to) do well in the exam.

参考文献

[1]薄冰英语语法.开明出版社.

小议动词不定式用法 篇11

关键词：动词不定式；形式；方法

中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-7661（2012）01-167-01

动词不定式通常有以下几种形式：一般式：to do被动to be done.完成式：to have done.被动式：to have been done，进行式：to be doing，完成进行式：to have been doing。不定式在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等成分。

一、作主语

不定式作主语时直接放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词用第三人称单数。To do more practice is right.但更常见的是用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于谓语之后。It is right to do more practice.

二、作表语

不定式作表语通常说明主语的内容。例如：All he wanted was to be left alone．

1、主语不定式与表语不定式呼应，例如：To see is to believe．2、主语是由动词转化或派生而来的名词，如果原动词要求接不定式，则表语也应当用不定式，例如：My wish／hope／idea／plan／purpose／intention is to buy a new car．3、主语为all或what从句，表语可用不定式，例如：All you must do is to water the flowers．4、系动词为含有“似乎”、“看来”或“碰巧”之意的动词，表语可用不定式，基本句型为：Sb+seem／appear／happen to do／to be adj.=It seems(ed)／appears(ed)／happens(ed)that.

三、作宾语

不定式作宾语时，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语。例如：He pretended not to see me when I passed．

1、只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 考生应牢记want, wish, hope, agree, afrord，choose，forget，manage, promise, expect等只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词。

2、一些形容词（包括形容词化的分词）后可接不定式 这种不定式也可以叫做宾语。这样的形容词多是表示感情的，通常有：glad／sorry／sure／able／afraid／anxious／careful／content／determined／easer／foolish／free／inclined／likely／lucky／prepared／quick／ready／slow／willing．句中的不定式与句子主语可是主谓关系，例如：I am very glad to see you．句中的不定式与句子主语也可是动宾关系，例如：Volleyball is very interesting to watch.

3、ask／inform／tell／show／advise+间接宾语+直接宾语（疑问词十不定式）

4、think／consider／regard／believe／feel／make／find／suppose+it（形式宾语）+宾补+（for sb.）+不定式（真正主语）例如：Do you find it difficult to answer the question?

四、作补语

动词不定式作主语补足语时一律带to．①S+be+v-ed+to do。表示动作同时发生。②S+be+v-ed+to have done动词不定式作宾补表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）这类动词包括“四看”：see，watch，notice，observe；“三使役”：let，make，have；“二听”：listen to，hear；“一感觉”：feel。

五、作定语

①它与其修饰的词可能是主谓关系，例如：The next train to arrive was from New York．②它与其修饰的词也可能是动宾关系，如果是不及物，则要用“不定式+相应的介词”的结构，这里的介词一般不可省去。例如：He is looking for a room to live in．当不定式若修饰的名词是time，place，way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。例如：He had no money and no place to live(in)．

六、作同位语

例如：He gave the order to star the attack．又如：He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up．

七、作状语

不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、原因、结果等。

例如：1、we have come to learn from you.（目的）

2、I'm glad to meet you.（原因）

3、He is too young to join the army.（结果）

不定式表示目的时，常可用in order to, so as to换用。

八、不带to的不定式

①在感官动词和使役动词后，不定式作宾补要省略to。②在would rather（would sooner,had rather，hadsooner）…than，rather than等结构的，than之后用省to的不定式。例如：I would rather go than stay；③在以why引导的疑问句中不带to，例如：Why not have a rest？④在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之后的不定式不带to, 例如:He cannot choose but keep silent. ⑤不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。例如：She could do nothing but cry. ⑥为了避免重复，有些不定式可省去。例如：I’m really puzzled what to think or say. ⑦不定式还可用在let fly（投射），make believe（假装）。

九、学习动词不式定需要注意哪些问题？

1、不定式的逻辑主语可以为分以下几种情况：

①与该句子的主语一致。例如：

I came here to attend an important conference.

②该句子的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。例如：

The lady asked him to bring a cup of coffee for her.

③不定式的逻辑主语有介词of和for引出。例如：

It's very nice of you to lend me so much money.

2、不定式与介词。

介词后面一般不跟动词不定式作其宾语。例如：

不能说：I'll take a rest after to have supper.

应该说：I'll take a rest after（having）supper.

晚饭后，我将休息一下。

动词的不定式 篇12

1.在以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如:

(1)I decided to ask for my money back.

(2)I decided that I would ask for my money back.

(3)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to start back on foot.

(4)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected that we would start back on foot.

2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。如:

(1)We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.

(2)He feels it his duty to help the poor.

3.介词but,except,besides+to do(do)。在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。如:

(1)The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.

(2)On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

二、动名词作宾语

1.在以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don’t mind,give up,insist,on,put off等。如:

(1)I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.

(2)You must give up smoking,for it does too much harm to your health.

2.动名词作介词的宾语。如:

(1)I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead o staying at home.

(2)What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?

动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no time(in)doing,prevent/stop...(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。

3.部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。

在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving(to be improved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。

在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:

(1)hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:I’d like to have a cup of coffee.

(2)当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.

(3)begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what was happening.

4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如:

(1)Our teachers don’t permit our swimming in the lake.

(2)Our teachers don’t permit us to swim in the lake.

5.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。

5.1 forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:

(1)Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

(2)Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

(3)Remember to close the windows before you leave.

(4)I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

(5)We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.

(6)They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

5.2 mean to do打算做某事;mean doing意味着……,如:

(1)I meant to catch up with the early bus.

(2)This means wasting a lot of money.

5.3 try to do设法尽力做某事;try doing试着做某事,如:

(1)You should try to overcome your shortcomings.

(2)Try working out the physics problem in another way.

5.4 stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语);stop doing停止做某事,如:

(1)On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.

(2)You’d better stop arguing and do as you are told.

5.5 can’t help doing禁不住……;can’t help to do不能帮助干……,如:

(1)They couldn’t help jumping up at the news.

(2)Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can’t help to make up the room for you.

5.6 go on to do做不同的事或不同内容的事;go on doing继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续,如:

(1)He went on to talk about world situation.

(2)We’ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.

5.7 leave off to do离开某地去干什么(目的状语);leave off doing停下某事,如:

(1)It’s time to leave off talking and to start acting.