情态动词的基本用法

情态动词的基本用法（精选8篇）

情态动词的基本用法 篇1

2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

四、dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

五、shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

六、will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

七、should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

八、情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now。

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now.

情态动词的基本用法 篇2

一情态动词的基本用法

第一, 表示征求对方意见或许可的情态动词有must, can, could, may, might, shall等, 如:

——Must I hand in my homework today?——Yes, you must.Yes, you have to.

——No, you needn’t.No, you don’t have to (用mustn’t是讲不通的)

Can I come in and have a good look at your house with my girlfriend now? (比较口语化)

——Could I use your mobile phone as mine is power off? (语气委婉)

——Yes, you can. (回答不能用could)

MayMight I use your bicycle? (比较正式, 用might语气更委婉)

Shall I open the window to let in some fresh air? (shall此用法只用于第一和第三人称)

Shall he come to sit in this seat and listen to your speech? (同上)

第二, 表示邀请或请求的情态动词有can, will, would, could, 一般用于第二人称;用would和could时表示语气更加委婉, 如:

CanCould you lend me some money to buy some books and dictionaries?

WillWould you please tell us a story or joke for pleasure?

第三, 表示允许或许可的情态动词有can, may, 如:

You can sit here and do your homework because the seat is not occupied.

You may go to bed and get up as late as you like;nobody cares about that.

第四, 表示禁止的情态动词有can’t, mustn’t, shan’t等否定形式, shan’t多表按照某规定“不能”如:

They can’t wear whatever they like when they are at school.

Anybody mustn’t take books out of the library without permission.

You shan’t hand in your papers ahead of time in the examinations according to the regulations.

第五, 表示建议或劝告的情态动词有ought to, should, had better, need等, 如:

Parents ought to take care of their children when they are young and children ought to look after their parents when they are old. (ought to表示义务, 为别人做某事)

You should do a lot of exercise regularly to improve your health. (should表建议, 多指为自己做某事)

You had better put more clothes in case it is cold on the mountain, boy! (多用于上级对下级, 长辈对晚辈之间)

In order to learn English well, you need practice speaking English more often besides reading. (比较口语化)

第六, 表示能力的情态动词有can, could, be able to等。can表示现在的“能力”, could表示过去的“能力”, be able to用来填充can, could没有的时态, 但waswere able to除了表示过去的能力以外还表示“过去设法做成功某事”, 等于managed to do something或succeeded in doing something, 此用法不能被could代替, 如:

When I was in China I couldn’t speak English, but now in USA I can speak it fluently.

I am sure that this promising young man will be able to support his family in the future.

They charged 20 thousand dollars for the car but I was able to bring the price down. (managed tosucceeded in…)

第七, 表示推测的情态动词有may, might, must, can, could, should, ought to等。must表推测语气最强, 但只用于肯定式, 否定式中用can’t或couldn’t代替;mustmaymightcan’tcouldcouldn’t+have done表示对过去发生事情的推测;should, ought to表示“按理说应该”, 如:

It may be the headmaster’s office.I am not sure. (把握性不大)

He was careless.He might have won the first place otherwise. (过去的可能性很小)

——Who can it be? (can代替must)

——It must be our manager.

——No, it can’t he him.He is in Japan at the moment. (must不能用于否定句, 由can’t代替)

——Was it in the street that he played football yesterday?

——It could be in the street, but I am not sure. (可能性不大)

There were five men in your car during the long journey.It must have been uncomfortable. (=It couldn’t have been comfortable.可能性很大)

He was with me in the class at that time yesterday.He couldn’t have played basketball on the playground yesterday. (动词是过去式时用couldn’t have done, 不用can’t have done)

He should be over fifteen years old, because he is a student in the 11th grade.

She ought to turn up at any moment, for she is always on time for work.

第八, 表示轻微埋怨、责备或后悔的情态动词有shouldought toneedn’tcouldmight+have done, 如:

The movie star has died.You shouldought to have come here earlier. (过去该做而没做)

She is unhappy now.I shouldn’toughtn’t to have told her the bad news. (过去不该做而做了)

I needn’t have carried so much cash.All my bank cards could be available actually. (做了没必要做的事)

You could have married me at that time.I loved and love you but he doesn’t. (过去本可以做但没做)

She was out of mind.She might have passed the exam otherwise. (过去也许会但没有)

第九, 表示警告、允诺、命令或威胁的情态动词是shall, 常用于第二、三人称, 如:

You shall take the book to read as long as I finish it before Friday.

All the candidates shall remain at their seats until the bell rings announcing the end of the exam.

第十, 表示偏执的情态动词是must, 如:

If you must want to know my age, which is a privacy, let me tell you unwillingly.

Must you smoke at a no-smoking area?You will be punished seriously.

第十一, 表示怀疑的情态动词有should (竟然) , dare, can’t, 如:

Such a high official should be so rude to that little girl.What a shame!

How dare you say that I treated you unfairly?Actually I did it right.

Why can’t you know my telephone number and email address?We are good friends.

第十二, 表示习惯性的情态动词有will, would, will表示现在反复, would表示过去反复, 如:

After work he will go to the caféto have a cup of coffee every day.

Whenever and wherever he met him, he would stop the soldier and ask the same questions again and again in the army.

二情态动词用法区别

第一, must&have to。must表示主观上“必须”, have to表示客观逼迫“不得不”, 如:

We must study English very hard, which I like very much.

I have to study English very hard, because I have to pass the exam in the NMET.

第二, would, used to, be used to doing&be used to do sth。would表示过去反复的动作, 而uesd to则侧重“过去如此, 现在已经不是那样了”以及“过去存在的状态”;be used to doing是表示“习惯于做某事”, 其中be有时态和人称的变化, 后跟动名词;be used to do something表示“某东西被用来做某事”, 如:

When he was in that factory, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

He used to smoke and drink a lot, but now he doesn’t.

There used to be a big temple where there is a school now. (过去的状态)

He has been used to working in such bad conditions.

Wood can be used to make desks and chairs as well houses.

第三, didn’t need to do&needn’t have done。didn’t need to do表示“过去没必要做也没做”, 而needn’t have done表示“过去没必要做但已经做了”, 如:

It was raining yesterday.I didn’t need to work in the fields, so I stayed at home. (没去工作)

It was Sunday yesterday.I needn’t have gone to school.But I forgot it and went as usual. (去学校了)

第四, need&dare。这两个词既可用作情态动词, 也可用作实义动词, 一般来说, 情态动词多用于否定和疑问句;实义动词用于各种句式, 后跟动词不定式, I dare say是固定短语, 意为“我认为、我相信”, 如:

——Need I finish my report by six o’clock today? (情态动词)

——Yes, you mustyou have to.

——No, you needn’tyou don’t have to.

As a Chinese high school student, I need to work at least 10 hours a day. (实义动词)

My car needs repairingto be repaired thoroughly. (实义动词, 后跟动名词主动表被动)

Tom daren’t go out alone when it is dark at night. (情态动词)

Dare you go home to face your parents when you haven’t done well in the exams? (情态动词)

I don’t dare to feel the snake even if it is dead. (实义动词)

第五, can’t have done&couldn’t have donecould have done。can’t have done和couldn’t have done均可表示must的否定推测, 强调从现在角度出发推测过去某事“不可能”;但当主句的谓语动词是过去式时, 就必须用couldn’t have done;could have done表示“过去有能力或有可能做某事但没有做”, 有惋惜、遗憾、批评、责备等意思, 如:

His jacket is still here, so he can’t (couldn’t) have gone home. (must的否定式)

My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture. (过去不可能)

You could have walked here instead of taking a taxi;it is so near.

第六, would like to do&would like to have done。would like to do表示现在或将来“想做某事”, 而would like to have done表示过去“想做某事但没做成”, 如:

I would like to go to the concert tonight, but my parents don’t allow me to.

I would like to have gone to the concert last night but I had to review lessons for the exams.

参考文献

[1]张道真.实用英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002

情态动词的用法 篇3

can是最常用的情态动词之一，表示说话人的语气或情感，没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和紧挨着它的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。基本意思是“能；会”。can的否定式为can not，缩写为can’t。过去式为could。 具体用法是：

1. 表示能力（如体力和脑力方面），意为“能；会”等。如：

①Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？

②Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗？

2. 表示请求或允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以；能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要求，如：Can I…？“我可以……吗？”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事，Can you…？“请你……好吗？”表示说话人的请求，如在句末加上please一词就显得更有礼貌了；用于否定句中表示不允许。如：

①Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗？

②Can you help me, please? 请你帮助我好吗？

③You can’t play basketball. 你不能玩篮球。

3. 表示可能。如：

①He can be at home now. 他现在可能在家。

②The moon can’t always be full. 月亮不可能常圆。

4. 表示怀疑。只能用于一般疑问句中，带有感情色彩。如：

Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？

5. 变否定句时，直接在后面加上“not”,可缩写成can’t或cannot, 但不能写成cann’t。 如：

①He can swim.→He can’t swim.

②Emma can see the pen on the desk.→Emma cannot see the pen on the desk.

6. 变一般疑问句时，将can直接移到主语前（原主语的首字母改成小写，第一人称应变为第二人称）即可。如：

I can see an orange on the table.→Can you see an orange on the table?

其回答可用Yes. OK或Certainly等作肯定回答；用No或Sorry等作否定回答。如：

——Can you look after my books, please? 你能照看一下我的书吗？

——OK. 可以。

用Certainly回答。此时语气更为肯定。如：

——Can I see your guitar? 我能看看你的吉他吗？

——Certainly. 当然可以。

情态动词have to

have to意为“必须，不得不”，表示外界的客观要求，含有迫不得已的意味。这是一个比较特殊的情态动词，与其它的情态动词can, may, must等用法基本相同。不同之处是有人称和数的变化，否定式和疑问式的构成方式。

have to与别的情态动词一样也是后接动词原形，这是情态动词的共同特点。一般的情态动词所用的时态受到一定的限制，而且没有人称和数的变化。 have to可用于多种时态，而且不同的时态有不同的形式：一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时，要用has to；一般过去时中，要用had to；一般将来时中，要用will have to。如：

①I have to take Bill to hospital． 我必须带比尔去医院。

②Jill has to stay in the bed when she is sick．

当吉尔有病的时候，她不得不躺在床上。

③I had to sit down and rest every five minutes．

我不得不每五分钟坐下来休息一下。

④I’ll have to take you to see a doctor if you don’t feel well．

如果你觉得不舒服的话，我将不得不带你去看病。

have to的否定式一般要借助于助动词来构成。have to， has to，had to和will have to的否定式分别为don’t have to， doesn’t have to， didn’t have to和won’t have to。它的疑问式也要用助动词的相应形式构成。如：

①——Do you have to give up eating ice cream？

你必须放弃吃冰淇淋吗？

——No， I don’t have to， but I must eat less of it．

不，我不必，但是我必须少吃一点。

②What does she have to eat and drink？她必须吃什么，喝什么？

③We won’t have to worry about them． 我们不必为他们担心。

情态动词must

must是最常用的情态动词之一，虽有词义，但不完整，不能单独在句中作谓语，必须与动词一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化，而且只有一种形式，表示强烈的感情。其主要用法归纳如下：

1.表示主观看法。常译为“必须、应当”。如：

①The students must obey the school rules． 学生必须遵守校规。

②We must finish our homework every day.

我们每天都必须完成作业。

2.否定形式mustn’t表示“不应该”、“不可”、“不许”的意思，给人一种不能讲任何条件和借口的感觉。如：

①You mustn’t waste your time. 你不应该浪费时间。

②You mustn’t tell her about it. 你一定不要把这事告诉她。

3.否定回答用needn’t（不必），不用mustn’t。如：

——Must I hand in my exercise today? 我必须今天交练习吗？

——No, you needn’t. 不，不必。

4.表示说话人对事物的推断，只能用于肯定句，意为“一定；准是”，比may的语气肯定得多，否定句中多用can’t。如：

①Mr Smith must be a teacher． 史密斯先生肯定是教师。

②Mr Li Yang must be over forty years old.

李阳老师一定是四十多岁了。

情态动词have to和must在用法上的区别

have to强调客观需要做的事情，即表示由于外界条件的要求而不得不去做某事；而must则强调说话者主观上应该去做某事。如：

①Mother is ill． I have to look after her at home．

妈妈病了，我不得不在家照看她。

②All of us must work hard at English．

我们大家都必须努力学习英语。

have to的否定形式不能在have后加not，而应借助于助动词do来构成。同样，其疑问形式也不可将have移到主语前，而应借助于助动词do来帮助。而must则可变化自身构成疑问和否定。且以must开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答应用Yes，…must．其否定回答应用No，…needn’t．而不可用No，…mustn’t．。如：

①They don’t have to clean the classroom now．

他们不必现在打扫教室。

②——Must we finish our homework now？

我们必须现在完成家庭作业吗？

——Yes， you must． （No， you needn’t．）

中考英语：情态动词的特殊用法 篇4

1. 表示意愿will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。

如：

Go where you will

你愿到哪里就到哪里。

2. 表示征求意见或提出请求

主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气.

Would Sunday night suit you?

星期天晚上适合你吗?

would有时用于提出想法，通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should：

如：

I’d like [love] to have a look at it.

我想看看它。

I would prefer not to go out today.

我今天不想出去。

3. 表示习惯和倾向性

will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。

如：

Oil will float on water.

油总是浮在水上。

This window won’t open.

这扇窗户经常打不开。

When he was a child, he would often go skiing.

他小时候经常去滑雪。

4.will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等，而would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等。

如：

You will do as I told you.

你得照我说的去做。

That’s just what he would say.

他就是爱那样讲话。

You would never do anything to hurt me.

你绝不会做伤害我的事的。

情态动词may(might)

might的特殊用法为表示责备，如

You might ask before borrow my book.

在借我书之前本可以说一声嘛!

用于固定习语

如：You may as well give him the letter.

你还是把信给他为好。

I might as well stay at home tonight.

我今晚还是待在家里吧。

情态动词shall和should

1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。

如：

What shall we do this evening?

我们今天晚上做什么呢?

2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示.如：

Shall we begin our lesson?

我们可以开始学习了吗?

When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

他什么时候才可以出院呢?

3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

如：

You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)

如果你不努力的话一定会落后的。

Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (表允诺)

告诉他这本书明天给他。

You shall suffer for this. (表威胁)

你会为此事吃苦头的。

4.此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为竟会。

如：

⑧ Why should you be so late today?

你几天怎么来得这么晚?

⑨ ― Where is Betty living? ― 贝蒂住在哪里?

― How should I know? ― 我怎么会知道呢?

⑩ I dont know why you should think that I did it.

情态动词的基本用法 篇5

4.must的用法

must表示“必须”：

You must tell us the truth.

你必须给我们讲真话。

must表示推测，即“肯定、准是”，限用于肯定句：

This bag must be your sister’s.

这袋子肯定是你妹妹的

They must have done it many times.

他们肯定做过许多次了。

must表示“偏偏”

We must meet with a traffic jam when we needed to hurry up.

当我们需要赶时间的时候，偏偏遇上堵车。

Just as every family turns on their lights, the power must be cut off.

正当家人开灯时，偏偏断电了。

5.need的用法

need表示“需要”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。

Need I tell you the secret?

需要我告诉你这个秘密?

She needn’t pretend to be rich.

她不需要装阔。

You needn’t advance the date.

你们不需要把日期提前。

注意：

need也常用作实义动词。例如：

Does he need to tell lies?

他需要撒谎吗?

6.ought to的用法

ought to表示“应该”，语气比should稍重一些：

You are a grown-up now, you ought to know how to take care of yourself.

你已是大人了，应该知道如何照料自己了。

They ought not to cheat kids.

他们不应该欺骗小孩子。

ought to表示很可能的事：

They ought to be finished now.

他们应该完成了。

She ought to pass the test this time.

她这次应该能通过测试了。

7.had better的用法

had better表示“最好”，它作为情态动词没有人称或者数的变化，否定式是在better后面加not,不是在had后面加not。往往缩写成’d better，表示建议、劝告。

You had better give up smoking.

你是好戒烟。

She’d better not be proud.

情态动词专项 篇6

1.can

①（表能力）能…，会…

She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike.A computer can’t think for itself.(不会思考)

②（可能，许可）能够…，可以…

The noise outside has stopped , now I can get down to my study.--Can I use your telephone?--Yes, of course, you can.You can go out to play when you do away with your homework.③有时会…，偶尔…，The climate of East China can be pretty cold in winter.Jogging can be harmful for the health.Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.London could be rather cold in summer while I stayed there.④（表温和的命令）请做…，得…

I’ll do the cooking, and you can do the washing.（请你去洗衣服）

You can go now.⑤（表示猜测）可能…

Can he be working till so late?

Who can it be at this time of day?

Can it be Tom? No, it can’t be Tom.He is busy these days, so he can’t come today.can 与be able to 的区别：

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone was able to get out.(强调设法干成某事)

2.shall

⑪用于一三人称的问句中，表示征求对方的意见

Shall I shut the window? Yes, please.Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?

Shall they come in?

Shall we go out for a walk?

⑫用于二三人称，表示命令，允诺，警告，威胁，强制

①You shall go to the front at once.(命令)

②Don’t worry.You shall get the answer this afternoon.（允诺）

③I promise she shall get a nice present on her birthday.（允诺）

④He shall be punished.威胁

⑤You shall listen to me.(命令)

⑥The interest(利益利润)shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.(命令法规)

⑦It has been announced that candidates(候选人)shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.（表按规定）

3.must

⑪必须

I must keep my word.You must get up much earlier.⑫不必needn’t/don’t have to

--Must I wash the dishes at once?

--No, you needn’t./don’t have to.⑬mustn’t 禁止，不许

You mustn’t play with the knife.Cars mustn’t be parked here.--May I use your pen?

--No, you mustn’t

⑭（表必然性）必定

Everyone must die.⑮（表固执，不满等）偏要硬要

Our there-year-old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered.Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chat.Why must you be so stubborn(倔强的)?

If you must know, I’m going to help him look for an apartment.4.should

⑪ 应该

You should apologize to him.We should attend the meeting.⑫（表预期）按理会…，想必会…，一定会…

The concert should be great fun.The photos should be ready by 12:00.The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things should happen to him.⑬（表惊讶，遗憾）竟然居然

I’m glad that your story should speak in such a way.I wonder that a person like him should make such a mistake.It’s a pity that he should resign.⑭（用于条件状语从句中）一旦，万一

If she should know the truth, she would be depressed.If you should change your mind, let us know.Ask him to call me up if you should see him.⑮（用于lest, for fear that, in case引导的句子）以免，唯恐

She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.He ran away lest he should be caught.He gets up early for fear that he should miss it.5.would

①(表过去的习惯行为)常常经常

When I was a child, I would often go skiing.We would stay up all night talking about our future.Every morninghe would go for a walk.When he was here, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.区别used to do sth过去常常

I use to be a waiter, but now a taxi driver.There used to be a cinema here before the war.Our country isn’t what it used to be.②（表示说话者的厌烦焦躁）老是偏要

That’s exactly like Susie.She would come to me just when I was busy.(老是在我忙碌时来找我)

I told him not to go, but he would not listen.（可他偏不听）

③（用于if 从句）愿意乐意

If you would go there instead of me, I should be very glad.如果你愿意代替我去那儿，我会很高兴的。

You could win if you would try要是你愿意尝试，你会赢的④（用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表某事物暂时的特性）就是不能 That window wouldn’t open.That morning my car wouldn’t start.When I called on him this morning, his dog wouldn’t let me in.The door won’t open.The car won’t start.The doctor knows I won’t be operated on.⑤（表示推测）大概，大约

That would be his father.那大概设他父亲。

You would be about 10 years old then.你那时大概10岁。

It would be about ten when they left.I thought she would have told you about it.6.需特别注意：

①may well do sth =be very likely to do sth(很可能，完全能)

may as well do sth = had better do sth

② would like to have done

= would love to have done

= was/were to have done(本来想做…，本来打算做…)

③ had better have done sth（当时已做了…就好了）

④ must have done sth（肯定干过某事）

⑤ can have done sth可能已干过…

can’t have done sth不可能干过…，肯定没干过…

⑥could have done sth本来能够干 …，可能已干过…

⑦ may /might have done sth也许已经干过…，⑧should have done sth

=ought to have done sth本来应该干…

⑨needn’t have done sth本不必做…

⑩would rather have done sth宁愿干过…

would rather not have done sth宁愿没干过…

好成绩是练出来的：

1.A left –luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time , especially at a railway station.A shouldB canC must D will

2.How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A canB mustC needD may

3.--There’s no light on.--they ___ be at home.A can’tB mustn’tC needn’tD shouldn’t

4.Some aspects of a pilots job ___ be boring ,and pilots often ___ work at in convenient hours.A can, have toB may, canC have to, mayD ought to, must

5.He didn’t agree with me at first, but I ____ persuade him to sign the agreement later.A couldB mightC ought to Dwas able to

6.If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and…

A wouldB couldC had toD ought to

7.The World Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Walt because it ___ be very slow.A shouldB mustC will D can.8.—Is Jack on duty today?

--It ___ be him.It’s his turn tomorrow.A can’tB mustn’tC needn’tD won’t

9.I____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A couldn’tB mustn’tC needn’tD shouldn’t

10.—I have taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.--It ___ Harry’s.He always wears green.A has toB will beC must beD could be

11.You ____ be tired , you have only been working for an hour.A can’tB mustn’tC may notD won’t

12.—Do you know where David is ?I couldn’t find him anywhere.--Well, he ___ have gone far.His coat is still here.A can’tB mustn’tC may notD won’t

13.—Can I pay the bill by check?

--Sorry, sir.But it is the payment shall be made in cash.A shallB mustC will D can.14.—Could I have a word with you, mum?

--Oh, dear, if you ____.A shouldB mustC may D can.15.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ___ go and do the opposite.A shouldB mustC may D can.16.—Who is the girl standing over there?

--Well, if you ___ know, her name is Mabel.A shallB mustC may D can.17.John, look at the time.___ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A NeedB MustC May D Can.18._____ you need any help, you can phone me at the office.A WouldB ShouldC CouldD Had

19.—I’m afraid I will be too busy to go with you.--Well, I’ll keep a seat for you in case you ___ change your mind.A shouldB mayC will D can.20.If anything __ happen to me, please give this letter to my head teacher.A couldB mustC wouldD should

21.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.A being thereB should there beC there wasD there having been

22.—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.--They ___ be ready by 12:00.A shouldB mightC need D can.23.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___ be here at any moment.A shouldB mustC need D can.班级________姓名_____________

1-5 ___________________2-10___________________11-15_________________

情态动词的基本用法 篇7

1.在以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如:

(1)I decided to ask for my money back.

(2)I decided that I would ask for my money back.

(3)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to start back on foot.

(4)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected that we would start back on foot.

2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。如:

(1)We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.

(2)He feels it his duty to help the poor.

3.介词but,except,besides+to do(do)。在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。如:

(1)The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.

(2)On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

二、动名词作宾语

1.在以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don’t mind,give up,insist,on,put off等。如:

(1)I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.

(2)You must give up smoking,for it does too much harm to your health.

2.动名词作介词的宾语。如:

(1)I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead o staying at home.

(2)What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?

动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no time(in)doing,prevent/stop...(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。

3.部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。

在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving(to be improved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。

在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:

(1)hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:I’d like to have a cup of coffee.

(2)当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.

(3)begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what was happening.

4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如:

(1)Our teachers don’t permit our swimming in the lake.

(2)Our teachers don’t permit us to swim in the lake.

5.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。

5.1 forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:

(1)Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

(2)Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

(3)Remember to close the windows before you leave.

(4)I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

(5)We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.

(6)They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

5.2 mean to do打算做某事;mean doing意味着……,如:

(1)I meant to catch up with the early bus.

(2)This means wasting a lot of money.

5.3 try to do设法尽力做某事;try doing试着做某事,如:

(1)You should try to overcome your shortcomings.

(2)Try working out the physics problem in another way.

5.4 stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语);stop doing停止做某事,如:

(1)On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.

(2)You’d better stop arguing and do as you are told.

5.5 can’t help doing禁不住……;can’t help to do不能帮助干……,如:

(1)They couldn’t help jumping up at the news.

(2)Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can’t help to make up the room for you.

5.6 go on to do做不同的事或不同内容的事;go on doing继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续,如:

(1)He went on to talk about world situation.

(2)We’ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.

5.7 leave off to do离开某地去干什么(目的状语);leave off doing停下某事,如:

(1)It’s time to leave off talking and to start acting.

情态动词用法小结 篇8

一、情态动词基本用法的高频考点

1. can表示理论上的可能性，意为“可能会”。例如：

Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes.即使一名有经验的老师也有可能会犯错误。（理论上的可能性，事实上末发生）

2. must表示“硬要，偏要”。例如：

Must you shout so loudly？ 你非要这么大声叫嚷吗？

mustn’t表示“禁止”。例如：

You must not take the books out of the library. 不准把书带出图书馆。

Must we send in our plan this week？ 我们必须这星期交计划吗？

No， you needn’t/don’t have to. 不，没有必要。

（此处不表示“禁止”，所以不能用mustn’t回答）

3. shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例如：

All of you shall arrive before five o’clock.（命令）你们都要五点前到达。

You shall fail if you don’t work harder.（警告）如果你不更努力工作的话，你就会失败。

You shall get a gift on your birthday. （允诺）在你生日的那天 ，你会得到一个礼物。

He shall be punished. （威胁）他会受到惩罚的。

4. should表示惊讶、意外等情绪，译作“竟然”。

I can’t believe that he should speak ill of me. 我无法相信他竟然说我的坏话。

有一定根据的推测，译作“按道理应该”。例如：

They should be at home now， for they have been away for two hours. 他们都已经走了两小时了，他们现在应该到家了。（根据时间推测）

5. will表示事物的某种性质和倾向。例如：

Wood will float on the water. 木头会浮在水上。

The drawer won’t open. 抽屉打不开。

6. would表示过去的习惯性动作，译作“过去常常”（used to）。例如：

When he was young， he would listen to music alone in his room on weekends. 在年轻的时候，他经常周末独自一人待在他的房间里听音乐。

7. may常用的固定搭配：may well完全能，很可能；may as well 最好，倒不如。例如：

Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. 她的容貌改变了如此之多，你很可能认不出她了。

You may as well do it at once. 你最好马上就做这件事。

二、“情态动词+have done”的用法

1. 表示对过去发生事情的推测

must have done，过去一定做过某事。（很有把握的肯定推测）

can’t have done，不可能做过某事。（很有把握的否定推测）

may/might have done，可能已经做过某事。（不太有把握的肯定推测）

may/might not have done，可能还没有做过某事情。（不太有把握的否定推测）

例如： It must have rained last night， for the road is quite muddy. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。

Jack can’t have arrived yet， otherwise he would have telephoned us. 杰克不可能已到家了，否则他就给我们打电话了。

Tom hasn’t come back yet， He may have missed the bus again. 汤姆还没有回家，他可能又错过了公交车。

例1 （2012年高考湖北卷） As the shopkeeper Mr Johnson was selling me the bicycle， he said， “this is the best thing you ____ have done. Life has become hopelessly complicated.”

A. would B. should C. must D. could

解析 D。考查情态动词辨析。根据语境可知，该句意为：这是你所能做到的最好的事。could have done意为“能够做到……”， 与语境相符，故选D项。A项意为“愿意”，B项意为“应当”，C项意为“必须”，都与语境不符。

2. 表示“（过去）本……而实际上……”

should/ought to have done， 本应该做而实际上没有做。

needn’t have done， 本不需要做而实际上做了。

would have done， 本打算要做而实际上没有做。

could have done， 本能够做而实际上没有做。

例如：We should have studied last night， but we went to the concert instead. 昨晚我们本应该学习的，可是我们却去听了音乐会。

I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word. 我真的是很担心你，你不应该不说一句话就离家出走。

There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried. 有足够的时间，她没有必要赶忙。

I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 我在纽约期间住的是宾馆。

Oh， why don’t you call me？ You could have stayed with me. 哦，你为什么不打我电话？你本可以和我待在一起的。

例2 He looks sleepy. He must ___________ last night， writing the essay. （stay）他看起来犯困。昨晚他肯定熬夜写论文了。

解析 have stayed up. 根据句子中文翻译中的“昨晚肯定”以及题干中的last night可知是对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测，要用must have done结构。

3. 用于if引导的非真实条件句中，表示虚拟语气

若含if的非真实条件句或省略if的含蓄性非真实条件句的从句的谓语时态为过去时，且主句也讲的是过去的事情，主句的谓语部分要用should/would/could/ might have done的结构。例如：

If I hadn’t drunk alcohol last night， I could have driven my car home.如果昨晚我没有喝酒的话，我就能开车回家了。

例3 Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule， we ___________ the train. （miss） 要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。

解析 would not have missed. 此句考查的是if的含蓄性非真实条件句的虚拟语气，从句用的是过去完成时（had used倒装）表示过去的动作，主句讲的也是过去的事情，所以要用情态动词加have done的结构，由于是否定句，故用would not+ have done表达.

例4 （2015年高考湖北卷）If she had been aware that the mushroom were poisonous， she them for dinner.（pick）要是知道这些蘑菇有毒，她不会采来做晚餐了。