浅谈雅思A类小作文核心（精选11篇）
浅谈雅思A类小作文核心 篇1
说起雅思写作，很多考生都会觉得很迷茫。一边拼命记忆句式和模板的同时，拿到作文题后还是一脸茫然。上海环球雅思朱雅婷老师为大家提供一些方案来解决这些问题。
其实在雅思写作过程中，尤其是在写雅思A类的小作文的时候，笔者认为句式都并不是那么重要。重要的是还原图片信息。因此，在写雅思小作文的时候，首先要做到的就是“准确”而“有条理”的对图上信息进行描述。
首先，关于“准确”，是指能够准确罗列图上的相关信息，能够精确的表述图上的趋势，变化，涨跌幅度，占据比重，流程步骤等。例如增长，我们可以说rise 或者 increase, 我们也可以用creep up 表示较平缓的增长，boom 表示较快较高的增长，用rocket 表示急剧的飙升。
其次，关于“有条理”，是指在表述不同数据的时候能够按照两两数据间适当关系进行有序的罗列。比如说：简单的分数或者倍数关系，两个数据间的联动关系等。
因为在图表类作文中，我们应该把考官当做一个蒙着眼的听众，考生需要通过语言向考官描述整张图表的信息。这就需要考生客观准确的还原信息，同时以有条理的表述清晰的罗列有迹可循数据。
另外，大家可以根据自身情况参加一些针对性的辅导班，如vip保5.5分争6分钻石6人班，以及雅思6.5分尖子班等。同事也可以登录上海环球雅思的官方网站，更多雅思考试备考资料和信息，更有资深雅思教师在线随时为您排忧解难！
浅谈雅思A类小作文核心 篇2
1. 思路原则
所谓“思路原则”是指在动笔写作之前, 学生应对文章的题目进行透彻的分析, 对整篇文章的框架要有一定的构思。相反, 很多学生一拿到作文题目, 没有经过审题或者构思提笔就写, 殊不知很可能离题万里, 或者写到一半无法进行下去, 这都是违背写作原则的后果。对于雅思大作文, 整个写作过程应该至少有以下三个步骤:第一步, 审题、列提纲。审题是有效完成任务的第一步, 也是最关键的一步。有效的审题方法应该是先通读题目, 了解大意, 然后再细读题目, 分析句子间的逻辑关系并找出关键词。题目读懂, 并且弄清楚题目要求后, 根据以上的题目解构信息及已有的素材列出写作提纲, 注意写作提纲不需要过于细致, 写出每段的主题句或者是零散的关键词都可以。第一步可以花3到5分钟来完成, 这短短的几分钟可以保证文章切题, 结构严密, 逻辑性强。第二步, 依照提纲动笔写作。由于雅思大作文通常要求写议论文, 而论点、论据和论证是议论文最重要的三要素, 所以在写作的过程中要注意论点要鲜明、论据要合理和论证要充分。至于结构, 文章通常有三个大的部分, 即开头、主体和结尾, 这三个部分可通过4、5个自然段来完成。由于文章字数要求较多, 且论据不能太单一, 所以雅思大作文很少有三段式。还要注意在写开头的时候, 避免直接照抄题目的信息, 这样不仅不算字数, 考官还会对学生留下不好的第一印象, 认为学生写作能力有限, 自己没能力对内容进行改写。第三步, 写完后花2、3分钟对文章进行检查。看是否使用了正确的语法结构, 拼写有没有错误等等。总之, 如果考生坚持了第一个原则, 起码文章能够顺利完成, 至于文章的好坏, 这条原则是远远不够的, 还需要坚持其它的原则。
2. 套路原则
“套路原则”就是在写作时可借鉴一些写作模式, 但并不是纯粹的死记硬背, 而是活学活用。机械地背诵范文对任何考生而言都无太大意义, 只有理解性的学习范文才会对很多考生有所帮助。有些考生一看到类似的话题, 不管三七二十一就去记忆中提取与之背过相似话题的句子, 甚至照写整篇文章, 结果考下来成绩并不理想, 那是因为考官并不欣赏整篇都是套用别人自己的东西, 而没有自己的想法, 也没能体现出自己的语言表达能力。所以这个时候需要活用, 就是可以借鉴或者由于需要改写一些好的句式或表达, 将模板的东西变成有自己特色的东西。有了模板的一定帮助, 这样比自己去创新想每句话甚至是每个单词节省了一定的时间。
3. 不走寻常路原则
所谓“不走寻常路原则”是指在满足了任务完成度 (达到字数要求且论点、论据和论证合理, 有逻辑性等) , 注意到篇章的连贯与衔接之后, 为了使文章上升一个层次, 在词汇及句子结构方面有一些不寻常的, 但又是闪光点的表达, 因为词汇和句子结构也是大作文的评分标准之一。通常5分或5分以下的作文用词常常不准确, 且语法错误较多。6分作文用词遣句基本准确。而7分及以上的作文用词丰富、句子结构复杂, 可见遣词造句也很重要。不走寻常路, 通常有以下两种方法。
3.1 用词丰富
词汇的多样性使用可以通过两个途径来完成:变化词性和使用同义词替换。比如“仔细考虑”既可以说成是“consider carefully”, 也可以说“careful consideration”。其中“考虑”这个词利用了动词转换成名词的方法。又例如“The fact of his plan surfaced.”其中“surface”这个词, 通常我们把它当成名词来看待, 其实它也可以用成动词, 这个例句就是如此。这就叫词性的多样性。其次, 有些同义词的适当选择也能使文章增色不少。例如, 一写“许多”, 大多数人会毫不思索的用“many”或者“a lot of”, 这两个表达已经普通的不能再普通了, 如果用“a considerable proportion of”或者“the overwhelming majority of”, 这两个表达肯定会使考官眼前一亮。所以, 考生们应该在平时多积累一些好的表达。
3.2 句子结构复杂
一篇好的作文, 不应该完全是短句或者长句。如果通篇是短句, 显得文章太过于简单且单调;如果通篇是长句, 这样不利于读者阅读。所以应该是长短句相结合, 它能使文章更有层次感和灵活性。基本的遣词造句如果加上几个闪光点句型, 这样文章会添色不少, 在雅思大作文写作当中常见的闪光点句型有以下几种。例如, 插入语可以使句子更有跳跃性, 也更地道。试比较As one of the most influential inventions in the 20th century, television is now penetrating into every family.和Television, as one of the most influential inventions in the20th century, is now penetrating into every family.显然, 第二个表达更甚一筹。还可以使用分词, 分词更能体现文章的精练和地道, 既能避免冗长的语言, 又能完美地连接不同的语意。例如, Compared with traditional letters, e-mails will be faster and more convenient.前半句省略了主语e-mails, 因为与后面的主语重复了, 这样显得更精练。另外也可使用从句, 虚拟语气, 倒装句, 强调句等句型, 这些句型如果能够准确使用, 都能成为加分句子。
总而言之, 雅思写作不仅考察学生的逻辑思维能力, 还重视学生的语言实际运用能力, 这种能力不是靠一天两天就能获得的, 需要平时奠定扎实的基础以及不断的训练并掌握一定的写作技巧, 这样才能拿到高分。
参考文献
[1]吴建业.《雅思写作应试技法》[M].北京:外文出版社, 2008.
雅思G类小作文 篇3
You have lost your credit card. Write a letter to the bank manager, explain where and how you lost it and any other relevantdetails. Ask the manager to cancel the old card and send you a replacement one.(请求信)
范文：
Dear Sir,
I am writing to confirmthe loss of my credit card. I telephoned your office earlier today.
亲爱的先生：
我写信的目的是确认我丢失的一张信用卡。我今天早些时候曾致电您的办公室。
The details of my card are as follows. It is a Master-card in the name of Kenny Gao. The credit card number is 3241 3578 6688. I have had it since . This card is valid from 1999 to .
我那张卡的细节如下：这是一张万事达卡，户名是Kenny Gao，号码是3241 3578 6688，我从到现在一直在用着它，其有效期是1999-2008。
I lost the card yesterday (September 8, ) at about 10:30 in the morning. The only time I used the card that day was to buy a pair of sports shoes at Carrifour on Jinqiao Road. By accident, I left the card at the cashier’s, but the shop assistants there could not find the card.
我是昨天(9月8日)早上十点半左右丢失它的。我当天唯一用卡的时间是在金桥路上的加乐福购买一双运动鞋时。无意间，我将卡留在了付款台上了，但店里的服务人员没能找到它。
Could you please cancel my card immediately and make the necessary arrangementsto issue me with a replacement card? I can be contacted at the following address: Room 201, No. 32, 555 Lane, Huashan Road. Should you ever wish to call me, here is my number: 123456789.
您能否马上将该卡取消掉，并做必要的安排给我办理一张新卡?按以下地址可以联系到我：华山路555弄，32号201室。如果您想给我打电话，这是号码：123456789。
Thank you for your assistance. I look forward to hearing from you.
谢谢您的协助，期盼收到您的答复。
Yours faithfully,
Kenny Gao
您真诚的
雅思g类小作文道歉信题 篇4
题目：
You have recently made a purchase from the local department store. However, when you arrived home, you found a faultwith it. Write a letter to the manager, say what the product is, explain the problem and say what you’d like to be done about it.(投诉信)
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing to complain about the recent purchase of a woolensweater from your department store on Philip Street, on August 25, 2007.
亲爱的先生、女士：
我写此信是要就我 2007年8月25日从你们在菲利普大街上的商店里购买的一件羊毛衫进行投诉的。
I recently washed the sweater in cool water, as per the instructions on the label. However, when I removed it from the machine, the garment was stretchedout of shape and no longer fits.
我最近按照标签上的说明用冷水洗了这件羊毛衫，然而，当我将它从洗衣机里取出时，这件衣服却变形了，再也不合身了。
I phoned the store last Tuesday (June 21) and spoke to the department manager, a Mr. Morris, who was rather rude on the phone and informed me that I could not get a replacement sweater as it was purchased at a reduced price. I felt really upset, for I have been a loyal customer of your store for many years and until this incident, never have had any complaints. I, therefore, feel disappointed to be treated in such a manner.
我上周二(6月21日)打电话到店里，是与一位叫Morris先生的部门经理讲的，他电话里很是无礼，告知我说因为这件衣服是降价购买的，因此不能退换。对此，我深感不满，因为我多年来一直是贵店的忠实顾客，在此事件之前，从来没有过任何投诉。因此，我对受到如此待遇深感失望。
I would, however, be perfectlysatisfied if you would kindly replace the sweater or refund my money, whichever is more convenient.
然而，我的要求并不高。如果你们能够给我退换一件，或者为我办理退费，怎么方便就怎么办，我都会非常满意的。
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours truly,
Kenny Gao
期盼收到您的答复。
您真诚的
Kenny Gao
★ 道歉信
★ 道歉信及格式
★ 道歉信范文
★ 道歉信如何写格式
★ 老师精选道歉信
★ 优秀道歉信
★ 淘宝道歉信
★ 道歉信英语格式
★ 古代道歉信范文
浅谈雅思A类小作文核心 篇5
Model Answer:
Food is a basic part of life, so it follows that improved methods of food preparation have made our lives better. Nowadays we can prepare meals much faster than we could in the past. We can also enjoy a greater variety of food and eat more healthfully, all because of modern methods of food preparation.
Microwave ovens have made it possible to prepare delicious food quickly. People these days rarely have time to shop and prepare meals the old-fashioned way. We live very fast lives. We are busy working, caring for our families travelling, playing sports, and many other things. Because of microwave ovens, we have time to enjoy a good meal with our family and then play soccer, go to a movie, study, or do anything else we want to afterwards.
Modern methods of preserving food have made it possible to enjoy a wide variety of food. Because of refrigerators, freezers, canning, and freeze-drying, we can eat fruits and vegetables that come from far away places. We can prepare a meal one day and save the leftovers in the refrigerator or freezer to eat at another time. We can keep different kinds of food in the refrigerator or on the shelf. Its easy to always have food available and to be able to eat completely different meals every day.
Healthful eating is easier now than it ever was. Because of modern transportation methods, fresh fruits and vegetables are available all year round. Modern kitchen appliances make it easy to prepare fruits and vegetables fro cooking. Bread machines make it possible to enjoy healthful, home-baked bread whenever we like. We can eat fresh and healthful food everyday because modern methods have made preparation easy.
Our lifestyle is fast, but people still like good food. New food preparation methods have given us is more choices. Today we can prepare food that is more convenient healthier, and of greater variety than ever before in history.
a类雅思图表小作文9分 篇6
It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 2005 to 2010. While most hotel guests rated customer service as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear majority described the hotel’s service as good or excellent in 2010.
Looking at the positive responses first, in 2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its customer service as excellent, but this figure rose to 28% in 2010. Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in the hotel as good in 2005, almost three times as many people gave this rating five years later.
With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered the hotel’s customer service to be poor fell from 21% in 2005 to only 12% in 2010. Similarly, the proportion of people who thought customer service was very poor dropped from 15% to only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 2010 reflects the fact that more people gave positive responses to the survey in that year.(193 words, band 9)
雅思小作文考官范文基本套路
段一：话题重述
段二：概括话题数据的主要特征或规律
段三：详述特征规律一
段四：详述特征规律二
注意：simon考官主张雅思小作文无须总结!大家可留心这一点。当然小作文是否需要写总结段，无定论。
a类雅思小作文9分范文分享 饼图题型之游客偏好分析
The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999.
浅谈雅思A类小作文核心 篇7
Changes in family roles could be attributed to the disappearance of prejudices relating to gender roles. Equal rights movements in favor of feminism culminate act as a deterrent for ingrained gender preferences. This suggests the social acceptance of women given an autonomy to pursue their careers and climb the promotion ladders while it also has become the social norm that men can stay at home to take care of the family.
There are also both advantages and disadvantages of that trend. On the one hand, These changes in the family pattern mean that women could despise their marriage partner for having no money-earning capabilities. This means that the likelihood of arguments and father’s negligence of family responsibilities is inevitable, pushing their marriage to the verge of divorce. On the other hand, this trend could act as an incentive for the family bonding between the father and the children. In fact, playing sports or home education with the father could make children feel the sense of family sentiments and have a deeper understanding of their father’s personality.
In conclusion, given that this family trend could be due to the social acceptance of gender equalities. Although stay-at-home dads constitute the causal relationship with the enhancement of family relationship, they could be susceptible to the possibilities of being looked down on by their spouse.
雅思写作范文高分语料
地道用词：upsurge
climb the promotion ladders
social norm
he sense of family sentiments
an incentive for the family bonding
高分语段：Changes in family roles could be attributed to the disappearance of prejudices relating to gender roles.
Equal rights movements in favor of feminism culminate act as a deterrent for ingrained gender preferences.
This means that the likelihood of arguments and father’s negligence of family responsibilities is inevitable, pushing their marriage to the verge of divorce.
雅思A类写作历年真题 篇8
雅思写作解题思路
第一段：当考生遇到体育类的话题，很大程度都是需要分析利与弊的。通常第一段，考生只需要简单的介绍背景，说一下奥运会给举办国带来的荣誉和全民参与的热情。同时也需要反应一下花大量钱去举办奥运会的事实。无需考生说明自己的观点。
第二段：考生可以介绍该体育的好处和必要性。通常可以归纳为三点：第一就是可以培养相关运动的人才，鼓励全民参与和激发民众的热情。第二，就是树立榜样力量，让更多人学习其精神。第三可以激发大家的爱国人情，能够推广国家形象。这三种思路都可以运用到各种体育类的话题，考生只需要替换相关对象即可。
第三：就是陈述存在的问题，一般可以分为三种思路。第一就是需要花大量纳税人的钱，对民众基本的医疗支付产生影响，其实是不公平的。第二种，钱应该花在青少年的身体素质上，他们会影响整体国家发展。第三，青少年的培养攸关体育后续人材的发展。
第四段：就是总结上述的观点，考生切记不要一边倒的支持或者反对。可以参考例如国民健康会比国际赛事更加重要，应该把更多的资金投入基础医疗，不应该太注重国家荣誉背离赛事的主要目的。要强调这些运动项目是着重于理解和交流等观点。
雅思写作加分词汇：
1. in reality= in fact 事实上
2.affluent 有钱的
3.tertiary education= university education= higher education 高等教育
4.on top of = besides除了
5.compulsory education义务教育
6.skilled workers 技术工人
7.perspective 视角
8.in terms of 在…方面
9.academic knowledge 学术知识
10.empower 使…有能力
11.be employed 就业
A类雅思写作辅导书有哪些 篇9
3、《雅思写作套路剖析与范例大全》
这书比较厚，讲的也相当细，从语法到句子再到范文，与十天一个套路的。大家能看看，多借鉴一些写作思路肯定是没有坏处。
雅思写作辅导书4、朗文出版，《Writing Academic English》
这并非是专门给雅思考试量身定做的，但可能是雅思写作比较给力的书籍。由于雅思写作的大作文，主要考察的是学术写作。书籍适合雅思考试想考高分的人(6.5-7分)，由于十分全的的讲解，其中对于结构与逻辑，还有上下文衔接的问题解释的很清楚，适合基础很好想要高分的人。因为是英文原版书籍，看起来多少有些吃力。但若是可以啃完，嘿嘿，会受益匪浅的。
雅思写作范文：科技提高食品质量
Task：
It is known to all that the technological and scientific advances have made greater changes to the range and quality of our food. Some people regard it as an improvement while others believe that the change is harmful. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
随着科学技术的进步，食品的种类，质量都有了提高。有人认为这种现象是好的，也有人觉得这样是有害的。讨论双方观点，并给出你的意见。
Sample answer：
When it comes to the issue about how to judge the use of technologies on food, some people may argue that it contributes to a wider range of available food with better quality for human beings, but others believe that such advances may bring detriments to people’s health.
On one hand, thanks to the modern technologies, human beings are potent to enjoy a wider range of food than before. In the past, people could only enjoy some specific food in specific seasons, such as watermelon in summer. However, with the development of modern technologies, such as the green house, it is also available for individuals to enjoy watermelon in any season they like. Thus, the range of food has been exactly enlarged a lot due to the technological progress.
On the other hand, some potential risks may also exist with the utilization of technologies. It is acknowledged that scientists are eager to explore the mystery of transgene technologies and have adopted some technologies on food. However, the public may be fearful of such new product and even parade to resist transgene food since they cannot know whether some ingredients, after being altered by scientists, would do harm to their health. Considering the short history of transgene food, it is also understandable that human beings are reluctant to accept this new technology.
From my own perspective, it may be inevitable for human beings to adopt some scientific technologies to improve the range and quality of food, especially with the hybrid rice largely alleviating the famine worldwide. However, the possibility of negative consequences caused by it may not be ignored, either. Governments and scientists should be more responsible for their behavior and more scientific researches should be carried out to guarantee that the side effect of new food should be minimal. After all, what human beings intend through technologies on food is a better life, but not death.
(316 words)
雅思写作范文：与外星人沟通
Task：Some scientists believe that intelligent life forms may exist on other planets and some want to send messages to contact them. Others think it is a bad idea because these life forms may be too dangerous. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
题目讲解：
双方观点讨论型，首段可不用明确自身观点，但结尾要明确自身观点。新话题，在联系外星人方面，可从科技、人类生活质量角度详细论述;反对联系外星人方面，可从其性格对人类的影响，以及外星人的意图与未知的能力角度出发，具体阐述。本文自身观点是在人类自身环境安全的情况下，可以试图寻找外星人，但无法确保人类生命的情况下，最好不要联系打扰外星人的生活。
Sample answer：
With advancement of societal technology, certain scientists work for looking for other intelligent life forms who may not exist on the earth such as aliens. While some people argue that contacting with them is likely to bring danger to human. Therefore, the essay aims to critically discuss both views and come up with my own opinion.
That a number of researchers try to find other planets’ living species has to be admitted that pursing that curiosity is one of mankind’s nature. Additionally, by exchanging ideas with aliens about historical progression and academic discussion and so on, mankind’s world has the opportunity to make immense progress in modern technology by giving inspirations to scientists for pushing the frontiers of science which may solve particular thorny issues such as environmental pollution. On the other hand, as far as some researchers are concerned, it lays a solid foundation for people to possess an improved quality of life who live on other planets in order to avoid diseases and disasters brought by serve atmosphere pollution and doomsday respectively.
While, simultaneously, others claim that touching with aliens probably breaks seemingly peaceful earth and brings unexpected danger. Firstly, it is likely that being greedy, exploitative and violent, aliens are searching for somewhere to harvest for water, minerals and fuel, contributing to meeting unprecedented risk by telling them the man’s existence. Furthermore, people know nothing of extraterrestrial intelligence intentions and capabilities so it is impossible to predict whether they will be benign or hostile. For example, earthlings will may be slaughtered and enslaved as colonized countries in the past time.
From a personal perspective, earthlings can try to search for other unique life forms in various planets, but without promising to guarantee human’s lives, it would not better send messages to aliens and disturb their daily lives.
(300 words)
雅思写作范文：恐惧犯罪
Task:Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crimes. Some people believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Sample answer：
With a rapid increase of crime, more citizens are scared of aggressive acts all over the world. As to whether more measures can be taken to stop crime, there is an endless debate. From my personal view, although more actions cannot fully guarantee the security of the whole society, it is not the reason for which people can surrender to violence.
Clearly, actions such as enacting more strict laws and legislation can effectively curb the frequency of crime. Fearing punishment is usually the mature of humans, so when they are informed of the consequence of committing crimes, they are more prone to stop doing anti-social acts. In addition, providing more education contributes to raise people’s safety awareness and consequently prevents crime. As the Internet prevails information about laws and legislation are more achievable, and thus there is a possibility that people are given more opportunities to learn how to distinguish right from wrong.
However, feasible measures are still not a panacea to the establishment of a completely safe society. If governments fail to guarantee a basic living standard for their citizens, crime rate will hardly be controlled. It is widely believed that a decent job and sufficient disposable income can reduce the possibility of committing socially unacceptable behaviour. The insecurity of society can also be attributed to the fact that it is less possible for governments to eradicate all factors leading to crime. Illegal drugs and alcohol are more accessible than before. People may have to commit crimes in order to get these items.
To conclude, reasonable actions including making severe policies and offering educations are of great help to control criminal events. However, they may still not be able to ensure a secure living environment for people if fundamental needs of materials cannot be fulfilled.
浅谈雅思A类小作文核心 篇10
题干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest
分析：题干中表达the children have to pay back...more money than they borrowed对应文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部计划都要收利息，所以儿童必须还钱，并且有了利息的存在，所以儿童要还比他借的钱多的一部分的钱;并且，slightly对应了modest, generally the rates have been modest，利率不多，并且比银行的要低，所以只高出了一点点。
Academic Test 4
Reading Passage 1
题干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......分析：about 1900对应the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from对应when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records
雅思阅读核心词汇梳理 篇11
abstract 摘要，抽象
accurate 精确的
acknowledge 承认，答谢
aggregate 集合，合计
allocate 分配，拨出
assign 分配，指派
attach 使依附，贴上
author 作者，创始人
bond 债券，约定
brief 简洁的，短暂的
exceed 超过，胜过
expert 熟练的，内行的
explicit 明确的，直率的
federal 联邦的，同盟的
fee 费用，小费
flexible 灵活的，多变的
furthermore 此外
gender 性别
ignorant 无知的，愚昧的
incentive 动机，激励
migrate 移动，移居
minimum 最小值
ministry (政府)部门
motive 动机，目的
neutral 中立的，中性的
nevertheless 然而，不过
overseas 海外，国外的
precede 领先，优于
presume 假定，推测
rational 合理的，理性的
capable 能干的，有才华的
cite 引用，想起
cooperate 合作，协力
discriminate 歧视，区别
display 显示，炫耀
diverse 不同的，多变的
domain 领域，产业
edit 编辑，校订
enhance 提高，加强
estate 房地产，财产
incidence 发生率，影响
incorporate 包含，合并
index 指数，索引
inhibit 抑制，禁止
initiate 开始，发起
input 投入，输入
instruct 指导，命令
intelligence 智力，天分
interval 间隔，间距
lecture 演讲，讲稿
recover 恢复，弥补
reveal 显示，揭露
scope 范围，视野
subsidy 补贴，津贴
tape 胶带，磁带
trace 追溯，追踪
transform 改变，转换
transport 运输
underlie 成为..的基础