研究生复试英语

研究生复试英语（共7篇）

研究生复试英语 篇1

英文自我介绍

Good morning/afternoon, my dear teacher/professors.I am very glad to be here for this interview.My name is XXX.I am 24 years old.I come from XXX, in XXX province, a beautiful city.I graduated from XXX University.I major in biotechnology in my college.I am a girl who is positive and diligent.I have gained scholarship of GuangXi zhuang Autonomous.I have passed band six in English and Access in computer.I like my major.My major involves in learning basictheories of biology and methods of some relevant biotechnology.There are all kinds of experiments in my courses.And I enjoy doing experiments very much, especially in molecule and cell biology.They are closed related to our life.In my spare time, I often help my school brothers or sisters to do their experiments as an assistant.I also took part in scientific competition every summer holiday.I think I acquire lots of precious things from them.They can not only train my operational ability and way of thinking, but also widen my horizon.All these make me more interested in my major.Therefore, I participated in postgraduate exam, hoping for a further education.I wish I could form a solid foundation of my courses and do more researches.Then ,I could make a contribution to our human healthy life.Last but not the least, I am looking forward to get an opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in your university which I desire for a long time.Ok, that’s all!Thank you for your listening!

研究生的计划

To begin with ,I intent to work hard to learn theoretical knowledge, forming a solid foundation for my research work, I also need to do some practical work with the help of teacher and classmates.Besides, I would learn to read foreign literatures about our researches and take care of the new dynamic situation.After two years studying I wish to have the ability to thinking by myself and develop a systematic knowledge frame.I can design relevant or new experiments and find new question in research.I will try my best to achieve my goals.Next, I will strive to study English.If possible, I hope I can past the exam of GRE.Because I want to go abroad to learn their advanced technology, then I can go back to contribute to our nation.Thus, I will continue with my study for doctorate in this field.Devote myself to the science!

为什么你选择我们学校

I am deeply attracted by the academic atmosphere when connecting the web site of your department.It includes not only high level professors, but also standard laboratory and advanced instruments.The most important is your research field which is my favorite direction.I want to devote myself to this aspect.And make a contribution to human healthy life.An the proverb says that process is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.If I got a chance to study here, I would like to continue to accept professional training, in order to pursue my dream to be a useful scientist.I hope I can achieve my goal.

研究生复试英语 篇2

1.1 机会平等、公平竞争的原则。

研究生复试是选拔性考试,其最后的结果是考生之间相互竞争的结果,复试的过程中要贯彻“机会平等、公平竞争”的原则,要对参加复试的考生进行全面综合性的评估和考查,同时,要建立一系列公平、客观、可测量的标准来确定最后的录取考生。做到标准、过程、结果等全过程的公开,自觉接受督察组、学生、导师的监督,减少人为因素干扰,引导面试工作倾向于考生的科研能力和创新能力上来[2]。

1.2 以人为本、统筹兼顾的原则。

胡锦涛总书记曾指出,国家兴盛,人才为本。我们进行研究生复试的目的,就是在初试的基础上不拘一格选人才,尊重考生,重视他们的发展和利益取向,以考生为本,可以保证吸引一流的学生[3];同时,研究生导师是招生单位的主力军,是专业发展的引航者和领军人,在满足考生需要的同时,更要兼顾导师的权益,从而形成和谐的学院文化,促进学院各个系统的高效运转。

1.3 优胜劣汰、科学调剂的原则。

复试考生在不同学校和不同专业分布极不均衡,同时某些考生报考时比较盲目,因此那些第一志愿上线生源比较充足的学校或者专业淘汰下来的学生大部分还是相当优秀的,那么这些相对优秀的学生如何比较合理的分布到那些生源不足的学校或专业,就需要有一个比较科学合理的调剂政策,确保二次面试的考生依旧可以公平竞争,做到招生单位的招生要求与考生的愿望达到统一。

1.4 追踪反馈,追求卓越的原则。

毛泽东在《实践论》中指出:“经过感觉而达到思维,到达于逐步了解客观事物的内部矛盾,了解它的规律性,了解这一过程和那一过程间的内部联系,即达到于论理的认识,论理的认识到达了事物的全体的、本质的、内部联系的东西,到达了暴露周围世界的内在矛盾,因而能在周围世界的总体上,在周围世界一切方面的内部联系上去把握周围世界的发展”。根据这一哲学观点,我们要真正把握研究生复试的具体标准及考题的可行性,必须不断地将录取学生的入学后表现与初试成绩、复试成绩、评价标准等进行关联分析,从而不断完善复试制度,增强复试行为的可执行性[4]。

2 复试测评方案设计

2.1 全面的专业笔试。

研究生复试的目的是对考生专业素质、实践能力、创新精神等众多方面素养进行全面考查。耶鲁大学和剑桥大学的校长均认为,研究生的选拔考试,最终要选拔研究型人才,考查研究能力和知识的运用能力是非常重要的,而非一名学生究竟能掌握多少老师传授的知识。在初试过程中,由于考试科目的限制,一般无法全面考察学生对专业知识的掌握程度。因此,专业笔试试题的设计应体现全面性、基础性和灵活性,重点考察考生的专业知识面和专业知识的运用能力[5]。

2.2 综合素质面试及评价方法。

(1)建立合理的综合面试题库。考虑到不同的高校在课程设置上存在一定的差异,而且,凝聚态物理专业的专业课《固体物理学》难于物理专业的专业基础课。在以往的面试过程中,由于专业基础课和专业课试题是同一试题库,经常造成个别考生只抽取到专业基础课或专业课试题,从而影响到考生的临场发挥。为了解决这一问题,我们分别建立了专业基础课综合面试题库和专业课综合面试题库。专业基础课综合面试试题包括:大学物理、原子物理、理论力学、电动力学、量子力学以及大学物理实验等内容,是各个高校物理专业的必修课;专业课综合面试试题主要是固体物理学方面的内容。在面试过程中,考生分别选择一定数量的专业基础课综合面试试题和一定数量的专业课综合面试试题进行回答,从而减小了考生因选择试题难易程度不同而导致的面试结果方面的偏差。

(2)制定有弹性的评分规则。对于面试试题库抽取的问题,有明确的评分标准,一般分为A、B、C三类。当每位考生面试结束后,由面试小组组长向面试小组成员当场公布每道问题的得分情况,但不作为评定考生面试成绩的唯一标准,仅作为参考。面试小组对每位考生的打分是根据考生在整个面试中的综合表现给出。此外,考虑到面试小组成员英语熟练程度上存在一定的差异,对于考生的英语口语水平的评价一般由3位英语较好的面试小组成员打分。

(3)心理健康测试结果的应用。随着社会发展步伐的加快,社会矛盾的纷繁复杂以及生活节奏的逐渐加快,部分学生因压力过大存在一定的心理问题,问题严重的可能会影响未来的研究生学习,心理健康教育逐渐成为研究生教育的重要组成部分。大连理工大学研究生院从2008年起,在研究生面试过程中设置了心理健康测试环节,不计入复试成绩,仅供录取参考。我们在实际的操作中,为了避免心理健康测试结果影响到面试小组对考生评价的公正性,一般在面试结束后才向面试小组公布考生的心理健康测试,并根据心理健康问题的严重程度及面试结果,经面试小组集体讨论后决定考生录取与否。

(4)制定公平的奖学金分配规则。目前,大连理工大学的研究生复试线采用1:1.2-1.3方法确定,参加复试考生的只有约20%被淘汰。因此,复试除了确定录取名单外,另一项任务就是确定获得奖学金的学生名单。为了充分体现奖学金分配的相对公平、合理,并满足学生和指导教师双向选择的自由度。我们根据历届指导教师获得奖学金的名额和当年拟招生的数量,事先协商确定指导教师招收学生中的奖学金名额。同时,要求考生在参加复试前填写志愿。在复试结束后,根据学生的综合成绩和排序规则,如:成绩相同,复试成绩优先;复试亦同,参考成绩优先等,择优确定获得奖学金的学生名单。最后,根据考生填报志愿和综合成绩确定指导教师。在具体的操作过程中,为了兼顾学生家庭经济条件和意愿以及指导教师的影响力和对拟录取学生的满意度等综合因素,还制定了学生及指导教师放弃奖学金名额的细则。奖学金分配规则的建立可以使学生为了选择心仪的导师而放弃奖学金,而成绩优异的学生可以保证获得奖学金。最为重要的是可以有效避免考生因私下接触而在复试中获利。

2.3 综合素质面试成绩分析。

为了更直观地表现初试与面试成绩之间的关系,我们对2009和2010年凝聚态物理专业研究生的初试和面试成绩作图,如图1(a)所示。同时,为了对比分析,我们把另一专业2009年的初试和面试成绩作图,如图1(b)所示。从图中可以看到,在初试成绩的差异接近的情况下,凝聚态物理专业的面试成绩的差异远远另一专业,但凝聚态物理专业考生的初试和面试成绩之间存在统计学意义上的关联,而另一专业考生的面试成绩明显集中,且初试和面试成绩之间缺乏统计学意义。我们认为,如果面试成绩集中在比较小的范围内,就削弱了面试对考生的遴选作用;而如果初试和面试成绩之间缺乏统计学意义,说明面试的规则和评价方法存在比较大的随意性,有失复试的公平性原则。

上述分析表明:尽管目前的研究生招生工作中确实存在高分低能现象,但这不应该是普遍性的。因此,设置合理、科学的研究生复试方案和评价体系,不仅可以充分发挥研究生面试的调控作用,而且可以获得统计学意义上相对合理的研究生复试结果。这对更加充分地体现公平、公正的招生基本原则具有积极的现实意义,而且对更加合理地选拔优秀生源,全面建设研究型大学具有重要价值。

摘要：针对当前研究生复试工作的诸多不规范性,为了进一步增强研究生复试的客观性和公正性,更好地选拔优秀人才和全面建设研究型大学,我们在对试题设计、评分标准等关键环节进行系统分析和改进的基础上,提出研究生复试工作的一些基本原则和经验,力图对完善高校的研究生复试工作提供可参考的考核评价指标体系。

关键词：研究生复试,考核评价指标体系,复试方案,奖学金

参考文献

[1]杨明伟.制度及制度建设论略[J].西南民族大学学报,2005,3:213-215.

[2]刘苑,黄学,吕欣.完善复试环节提高研究生复试质量[J].广西大学学报,2008,30:150-153.

[3]吴培兰.组织行为学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008,4.

[4]吴秀明,戴燕.文科人才培养规格与本、硕、博关系的处理[J].学位与研究生教育,2005,9:27-31.

2006年考研英语复试听力策略 篇3

明确报考院校的出题范围

今年各高校基本上会延续2005年的测试方法，这也意味着考试内容、考试程序、计分方法仍旧各不相同，具体分为以下几种方式：

1、英语听力口语测试与专业课面试分开，并专门进行历时约为30分钟的听力放音笔试和口语面试测试；

2、听力和口语放在一起进行测试，整体测试分项打分；

3、听力进行专门单项测试，口语测试与专业课面试相结合；

4、听力口语测试全部与专业课面试相结合，整体测试分项打分。

由于各校听力内容差别很大，有的学校的听力试题就是六级听力真题；还有的学校的听力试题则需要听一段与专业有关的英语段子后再回答问题。对于借用相对成熟的测试体系（类似六级）的学校，考生复习起来就会相对简单，只需利用历年听力真题来备考就能达到事半功倍的效果。

但是对于有些院校，如清华，其听力要求为：“本部分以考查学生理解真实性英语语言表达内容为宗旨。放录音时间约30分钟；内容选自日常对话、采访、新闻、简短讲座等录音素材。考试形式为以记笔记形式填表格、完成句子、回答问题，以体现常用理解和表达能力的主观题型为主，不采用多项选择题型。”这样难度就大多了。因此在明确各校英语复试听力不尽相同的情况之后，考生们就应该针对自己将要面对的考试类型进行准备。

狠抓基本功，多听多练

无论哪种类型的听力考试，对其基本技能的要求总是万变不离其宗的，下面我们就来看看，如何从本开始，提高听力：

首先考生本人尤其要重视自己的发音，充分掌握英音和美音的发音规则和区别、连读的规则等等。如果考生自己的发音都不标准，听到标准音的时候肯定也分辨不出来。这就需要从根本上去改变我们多年养成的一些错误发音习惯——小到元音、辅音，大到弱读、连读、失爆等等。针对这种情况，考生平时应多查字典，校对正确的音标，掌握正确的发音规则，还可以去参考市面上与语音有关的材料。另外，矫正语音最有效的方法之一就是跟读磁带，只需逐字逐句地跟读一盘磁带甚至半盘磁带即可保证有完美的发音。

其次，听力考试时对词汇量也有一定的要求。但是必须根据各高校考查方法有针对性地准备。参加借用成熟测试体系的复试考生掌握大约3500个基本词汇已经足够了，如果能在此基础上再参考一些六级的听力词汇和六级听力材料那就更为理想了。因为六级的语速是每分钟160～180个单词，而考研复试的语速通常不会超过该速度。对于那些听力考试材料是本校专业英语材料的考生来说，难度还是比较大的！这部分考生需要掌握大量专业词汇并要求达到能听能说的高度。因此这些考生需要经常关注自己所报考院系的研究动向，找一些专业英语磁带作为听力材料，并且达到听完之后能复述解释某些专业内容的程度。

再次，针对不少高校复试听力考查偏向于主观题型的现象，笔者建议广大考生在考前还要多做精听和听写两项练习。精听就是将录音材料上的信息全部听下来，做到听懂。听写就是在精听的基础上，将听到材料记录下来。材料可以以六级材料为标准，不要选取篇幅过长的文章。每篇文章以听四遍为标准，其中两遍为慢速。听力的提高是一个长期的过程，但是只要每天多花时间并采取恰当的方法，在短期之内一定可以在原有水平上更上一层楼。

研究生复试英语自我介绍 篇4

Good morning, teachers, I am honored to be informed to have this interview.Introduce yourself

First let me introduce myself, my name is XX, 23 years old, and David is my English name.I am open-minded, easy to adapt, compatible with my friends, and willing to help others.Introduce your college

I studied in XX University.Although it is not well know, I still appreciate it, because it offers me a chance to develop my abilities.During my college years, I have made rapid and great progress in many areas, as a student, I work very hard, and obtain scholarship many times, as a monitor, I work earnestly, also gain good comments from teachers and classmates, working as a member of Student Union, I strive to finish any assignment perfectly.In a word, I learned a lot in my college life.Introduce your family

In my family, there are three members, my farther, my mother, and I.My parents are workers, my father works very hard, and he is always fully occupied, so most of the housework is done by my mother, of course, while I am at home, I would help her.I love my parents and they love me, too.When I make a success, they are more excited than me, and support me to do better.Even though I failed, instead of blaming, they always share sorrow with me, and encourage me not to give up.During my preparation for graduate examination, the support from my family is always my momentum.Parents’ love is unselfish;I am deeply affected, so I will do all what I can to repay them.Introduce your hometown

My hometown is XX, a young city in XX Province.It is famous for its XX and XX.There are great scenes here, XX, XX, XX, and so on.Each year, many people come here for tour and investment.So I believe that, with the joint efforts of every person, a better future of XX is coming(round the corner).Introduce your reason for preparing the postgraduate exam

During the past four years, I have learned a lot of professional knowledge and practical skills, but gradually, I realize it is not enough.In my opinion, further study is actually urgent for me to realize and finally achieve self-value.Life is precious, it is necessary to catch any opportunity for self-development, especially in the competitive modern society.Therefore, I prefer to go on for further education.Why do you choose to study in our department?

I am deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when connecting to the web site of your department.In addition, I am attracted by the process of XX, and want to do something for XX.As the proverb says ‘process is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.’ If I got a chance to study here, I would like to continue to accept professional training, in order to get ready for working in the future.I hope I can achieve my goal soon.About your future plans:

What do you expect to achieve during your study if you are enrolled into this institute?

There must be many things to learn if I were enrolled into my ideal research field.I hope I can build up a systematic view of XX, especially in the fields of XX.Sincerely, my wish is to get a complete comprehension of XX.On the other hand, I am dreaming of the participation of some relevant projects of my major, for this reason, I will get more experience in practice.And what’s more, I expect to continue my study for doctorate degree, if it is possible.In a word, I am looking forward to making up a solid foundation for future profession which is based on three years of study here.Do you have any hobbies?

硕士研究生复试英语自我介绍 篇5

1.开场白

Good morning/afternoon.I am very glad to be here for this interview.2.姓名，年龄，家乡，毕业院校、专业及院系

First let me introduce myself.My name is ZhangHaitao, I am 23 years old.I come from Xinxiang Henan province, a very beautiful modernization city.I will finish my undergraduate education in Shangqiu Normal University in June, Majoring in Surveying and Mapping Engineering in the Department of Environment and Planning, and now, I am trying my best for obtaining a key to China University of Geosciences.3.性格，爱好，实践经验

Generally speaking, I am a hard working student especially do the things I am interested in.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, tennis, Chinese chess and reading, especially in dealing photos with Photoshop.For example, during the past four years, I have accomplished several pictures: one is for the dinner’s background of our department, and the other is to attend our university’s examination.Furthermore, I am interested in software programming with Visual Basic and have passed The Grade two of The National Computer Rank Examination.Well, in my spare time, I often go to English corner to practice my

oral English on every Thursday, and write compositions to improve my written ability.But I know my English is not good enough, I will continue studying.In July in the last year, I finished my graduate project with The Technology Design and Implementation of Photogrammetry Field Work, which Based on the status of the development of photogrammetry, taking into account the outcome of lots of research scholars of years, centering the photograph control surveying, control points selecting and barbing, tone painting and interpreting of aerial photography and field work methods based on GPS joint measurements job content and requirements, the paper systematically expounded the related basic concepts, basic theory, basic requirements of the field work of photogrammetry technical design, the methods of cope with aerial photography, as well as dealing with the basic methods topographic map production requirements.In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.4.为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算

Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things just in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability.So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.The major that I hope pursue for my further education is Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, the aspect is Digital Photogrammetry or Close-Range Photogrammetry.Because I find Photogrammetry are playing a more and more important role in Geomatics.And nowadays in China, with the improvement of the VirtuoZo NT of Wuhan University, our domestic Photogrammetry industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time.And I hope I can form a systematic view of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and make a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.5.结束语

研究生复试英语口语介绍 篇6

Good morning, teachers, I am honored to be informed to have this interview.

Introduce yourself

First let me introduce myself, my name is XX, 23 years old, and David is my English name. I am open-minded, easy to adapt, compatible with my friends, and willing to help others.

Introduce your college

I studied in XX University. Although it is not well know, I still appreciate it, because it offers me a chance to develop my abilities. During my college years, I have made rapid and great progress in many areas, as a student, I work very hard, and obtain scholarship many times, as a monitor, I work earnestly, also gain good comments from teachers and classmates, working as a member of Student Union, I strive to finish any assignment perfectly. In a word, I learned a lot in my college life.

Introduce your family

In my family, there are three members, my farther, my mother, and I. My parents are workers, my father works very hard, and he is always fully occupied, so most of the housework is done by my mother, of course, while I am at home, I would help her. I love my parents and they love me, too. When I make a success, they are more excited than me, and support me to do better. Even though I failed, instead of blaming, they always share sorrow with me, and encourage me not to give up. During my preparation for graduate examination, the support from my family is always my momentum. Parents’ love is unselfish; I am deeply affected, so I will do all what I can to repay them.

Introduce your hometown

My hometown is XX, a young city in XX Province. It is famous for its XX and XX. There are great scenes here, XX, XX, XX, and so on. Each year, many people come here for tour and investment. So I believe that, with the joint efforts of every person, a better future of XX is coming (round the corner).

Introduce your reason for preparing the postgraduate exam

During the past four years, I have learned a lot of professional knowledge and practical skills, but gradually, I realize it is not enough. In my opinion, further study is actually urgent for me to realize and finally achieve self-value. Life is precious, it is necessary to catch any opportunity for self-development, especially in the competitive modern society. Therefore, I prefer to go on for further education.

Why do you choose to study in our department?

I am deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when connecting to the web site of your department. In addition, I am attracted by the process of XX, and want to do something for XX. As the proverb says ‘process is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.’ If I got a chance to study here, I would like to continue to accept professional training, in order to get ready for working in the future. I hope I can achieve my goal soon.

About your future plans:

What do you expect to achieve during your study if you are enrolled into this institute?

There must be many things to learn if I were enrolled into my ideal research field. I hope I can build up a systematic view of XX, especially in the fields of XX. Sincerely, my wish is to get a complete comprehension of XX. On the other hand, I am dreaming of the participation of some relevant projects of my major, for this reason, I will get more experience in practice. And what’s more, I expect to continue my study for doctorate degree, if it is possible. In a word, I am looking forward to making up a solid foundation for future profession which is based on three years of study here.

Do you have any hobbies?

In my spare time, I like reading books, collecting cards and coins, playing volleyball, communicating with friends, and so on.

研究生复试英语 篇7

关键词：研究生,创新素质,维度

一、问题的提出

提高自主创新能力、建设创新型国家是我国未来发展的重大战略, 对于提升我国的核心竞争力和后续发展力具有深远意义。建设创新型国家必须以大批创新型人才作支撑, 研究生是国家创新型人才的重要组成部分, 研究生教育的中心任务就是提高研究生创新能力, 培养出创新型人才。国家创新能力的提升有赖于研究生创新能力的提高, 科学的评价研究生创新能力的高低, 成为研究生创新教育改革亟待解决的重大问题。陈新忠提出“对于研究生创新能力的评价, 厘清‘评什么’、‘谁来评’和‘怎样评’这三个基本问题是研究生教育的当务之急。”笔者认为, 在这三个问题之前, 还应加上一个“为什么评”的问题。这个问题不确定, 后面的三个问题都将没有结果, 原因有如下几点。

1. 研究生教育的各个阶段, 评价创新能力的目的不同。

研究生教育包括招生、课程教学、实践、学位论文等几个阶段, 每一个阶段有自己的任务和目标。就创新能力而言, 在招生环节, 评价参加复试的考生的创新能力已成为现阶段大多数培养单位研究生复试中不可缺少的重要环节, 这一阶段评价创新能力的目的是为了发现具有创新潜质的对象。课程教学和实践环节的目标主要是夯实创新知识基础、锻炼创新技能。学位论文是以综合运用和检验硕士阶段的创新培养成果为目的。

2. 不同类型、不同专业研究生创新能力的评价因素不同。

博士研究生、学术型硕士研究生、应用型硕士研究生、在职研究生;工学类、理学类、管理类等各种类型的研究生具有不同的培养目标和方法, 各自应具有不同的创新能力的具体要求, 其评价也必定会有差异。

3. 不同的培养个体在创新能力的具体表象上也是千差万别。

个性化教育是发现特殊人才、培养创新人才的重要手段。个体差异决定了创新能力的差异, 即在创新中表现出来的关注点、技巧等有所不同。

因此, 针对“为什么评”的问题, 本文主要对研究生招生复试环节中如何评价考生的创新能力这一问题展开研究, 以提炼有参考价值和可操作性的一级评价指标。

二、研究生招生复试环节评价创新素质的目的与要求

研究生招生考试的目的是通过考试选拔符合攻读硕士基本条件的人选。不论是全国统考还是在职联考 (GCT) 等初试, 都是检测考生掌握基础知识的程度。考生创新素质的评价主要由各招生单位在复试环节完成。

研究生招生复试环节科学的评价考生的创新素质, 就是要求在“公开、公正、公平”的基础上用令人信服的评价指标和科学合理的评价方法, 准确地给出“考生是否具备创新能力?”, “考生具备什么类型的创新能力?”和“考生具备多大的创新能力?”三个问题的答案。

三、创新素质维度的提炼和内涵分析

1. 创新素质维度的提炼。

研究生创新能力是研究生创新素质的外现。在知识经济时代, 创新素质已成为现代人才综合素质的最高体现, 对创新素质内在要素及其相关性的研究具有重要的现实价值。研究生招生复试环节对考生创新能力的评价可定义为对其具有的创新素质进行评价。

近几年, 我国关于研究生创新素质的研究颇多, 学者们对研究生创新素质的分析从概念、范畴、评价等各个方面, 从精神、思维、素质、环境等多个角度进行研究, 得到了许多具有重要价值、引人深思的成果。张武升认为创新素质有七个影响因素, 包括:创新意识、创新情意、创新思维、创新个性、创新品德、创新美感、创新技法;殷智远认为创新素质由创新意识、创新思维、创新精神、创新知识、创新能力、创新人格构成;吕钦、鄢平认为创新素质由综合基础素质、知识技能、创新表现三个因素构成;陈鼎杰认为创新素质有五个影响因素, 包括:创新动力、创新潜力、创新能力、创新成果、创业实绩;张俊、梁洁、戴冰认为创新素质有四个要素, 分别是:基础要素———创新知识, 动力要素———创新人格, 核心要素———创新思维, 外在要素———创新能力。

国外的学者很少专门针对研究生群体去研究创新素质的评价, 他们对人的创新素质的因素结构研究, 特别是从精神层面的研究较多。美国心理学家吉尔福特 (J.P.Guilford) 指出, “人的创新素质取决于对问题的敏感性、流畅性 (包括形象流畅性, 语词流畅性, 思维流畅性, 联想流畅性, 表达流畅性) 、灵活性 (包括自发灵活性, 顺序灵活性) 、独创性、分析能力、综合能力、发现或改组新定义的能力和思维强度, 以及洞察力和穿透能力。”巴伦 (Barron) 研究发现, 最富有创造力的自然科学家具有以下人格特征: (1) 自我力量和情绪的高度稳定性; (2) 独立自主的强烈需要; (3) 控制冲动的高水平; (4) 超常的智力; (5) 在人际关系中喜爱独处; (6) 爱好次序和精确; (7) 对矛盾和障碍表现出极大的兴趣; (8) 喜欢抽象思维。美国创造性思维教育家斯坦伯格认为, 创造性人格特征主要表现为:忍受模糊的能力、克服障碍的愿望、承担风险的愿望、自信心。EL格林研究发现, 创新素质的构成包括: (1) 知识; (2) 自学能力; (3) 好奇心; (4) 观察力; (5) 记忆力; (6) 客观性; (7) 怀疑态度; (8) 专心致志; (9) 恒心; (10) 毅力。

综上所述, 国内外学者对创新素质影响因素的研究, 得出了较丰富的成果。但这些成果的应用, 特别是用于评价研究生创新素质还存在着较大的局限性。首先, 创新素质评价指标多样而不统一。经统计, 国内学者提出的创新素质影响因素的概念总数多达16个, 国外学者提出的要素更是多达42个。其次, 上述评价因素对研究生创新素质及其评价对象认识有限且模糊。大部分学者研究的评价对象都是经过培养各阶段的研究生, 从发表论文、参与科研、学位论文等方面进行评价, 没有体现出不同阶段、不同类型的各评价指标的权重不同。

2. 创新素质维度的内涵分析。

上述部分学者同时也分析研究了创新素质的内涵。张武升研究表明:创新思维有五种特质: (1) 流畅性; (2) 敏锐性; (3) 变通性; (4) 独创性; (5) 精密性;创新品德有四个因素: (1) 勤奋敬业; (2) 团结合作; (3) 责任感、使命感; (4) 理想和信念。创新技法是创新主体为达到创新目的所采用的激发创新灵感、控制和使用创新思维的各种手段和技巧。殷智远认为:创新思维包含发散思维、形象思维、聚合思维、灵感思维、辩证思维;创新知识有基础知识、专业知识、实用的方法知识、有效的应用知识;创新能力包括创造能力、表达能力、应变能力、领悟能力、学习新事物能力、信息获取能力、实践能力、想象能力、判断能力、观察能力、适应能力、创新速度能力;创新人格则由抗压性、创新意志、使命感、自信心、独立性、好奇心、创新决心、创新兴趣、合作性构成。张俊、梁洁、戴冰认为, 创新知识包括逻辑上有必然联系的知识、程序性而非事实性知识、高度精确且亲和力强的知识、以主题为中心构成的结构性知识;创新人格包括自信心、冒险性、兴趣、好奇心、独立性与批判性、高尚的动机、较强的团队精神、幽默和审美品质;创新思维包括批判思维、发散思维、聚合思维、灵感思维;创新能力有观察问题的能力、获取信息的能力、质疑问难的能力、整合加工的能力。

通过文献分析, 结合研究生招生复试环节评价创新素质的目的与要求, 笔者认为, 运用系统理论探讨创新素质维度的构建, 用于研究生招生复试中进行测评的创新素质, 应由创新知识、创新人格、创新思维和创新技能等四个维度构成。科学家弗兰克·奥夫纳说过:“当你做出贡献以前, 最重要的是你必须要有良好的、坚实的知识基础”。并非所有的知识都有利于创新, 创新知识是指活性知识, 是一个有序列、有层次的, 能在创新活动中具有完备的知识储备的整体信息系统。创新人才所应具备的创新知识结构从构成上看包括专业知识、学科知识和基础知识。专业知识, 即专业基本理论, 是创新活动必需的坚实基础;学科知识是与本专业联系紧密的有效应用知识;基础知识是人文科学、自然科学、社会科学知识, 要求广博而深厚。

总之, 创新素质结构是一个较为复杂的概念, 而从以上四个维度去分析和概括, 对于研究生招生复试时分析、研究、测评考生的创新素质具有重要的理论探索和实践指导意义。创新素质的四个维度要素是紧密相联、不可分割的整体, 又各自发挥着作用。在研究生招生复试环节, 同时在研究生创新能力的素质培养环节, 都应依据这四个维度来进行创新能力的测评认定, 不可偏废, 只有这样才能实现不同类型、不同层次研究生创新型人才快速而健康地成长。研究生招生复试对于创新素质的测评, 解决了“为什么评”和“评什么”这两个问题, 此后, “谁来评”和“怎样评”就成为下一步亟待研究解决的核心问题。

参考文献

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