教师职称等级工作总结

教师职称等级工作总结（精选6篇）

教师职称等级工作总结 篇1

教师职称等级

目前，中小学教师的职称有未定、二、一、高级职称，在大学有助教、讲师、副教授、教授等职称；

中学里有:特级教师、高级教师、中学一级、中学二级;

小学：小教二级 小教一级 小教高级 小教特级。教师资格证书等级

高校教师资格证:大专院校任教的人员。

高级教师资格证:高级中学从业人员。

初级教师资格证:初级中学从业人员。

小学教师资格证:小学从业人员。

幼儿教师资格证:幼儿教育从业人员。

职业教师资格证:中等院校从业人员

根据[2007]9号文件规定，对已取得专业技术资格，后因工作变动转换了专业技术职务系列的人员，须在现专业技术岗位工作满一年，才能按现岗位资格条件规定评审同档次的专业技术资格（俗称“同级转换”）；按现岗位申报比转换系列前高一档次的专业技术资格的，在现岗位专业技术工作时间至少须满两年，资历可按变动专业技术工作前后实际从事相应档次专业技术工作的年限累加计算。

目前，中学教师的职称有未定、二、一、高级职称；在大学有助教、讲师、副教授、教授等职称。小学有小教二级 小教一级 小教高级 小教超高

高中教师等级职称由低到高有几级,大学本科毕业要多久才能评?

四类：

中学二级教师

中学一级教师

中学高级教师

中学特级教师

中教三级——大学刚毕业一年见习期内。

中教二级——工作一年后自动转。

中教一级（中级职称）——工作5年后有资格参评，未满5年可走破格。

中教高级（高级职称，相当于副教授）——评一级后4年有资格参评，未满4年可走破格。

特级教师——荣誉职称。具体时间不好说，得具体情况具体分析。

教师的职称比较复杂，要看你教授的是小学、中学还是大学？都是需要参加职称评定的。总的说来分几个级别：助理级、中级、高级。

小学的分：小教

二、小教

一、小教高（中级）中学：中

三、中

二、中一（中级）、中教高（高级）

大学：助教、讲师（中级）、副教授（副高）、教授（正高）

在大学有助教、讲师、副教授、教授等职称；

中学里有:正教授级高级教师、高级教师（相当于副教授）、中学一级、中学二级;

小学里有：小教超高、小学高级（相当于中学一级）、小学一级（相当于中学二级）、：小教二级。

进入到教师队伍中，你才能评职称。（在中学的话，大专毕业，职称起点是中学二级教师，研究生毕业，职称起点是中学一级教师。

教师职称等级工作总结 篇2

经人力资源社会保障部、教育部批准，我省中小学教师职称制度改革工作将于今年全面实施，下面，我代表省教育厅讲3点意见。

一、提高认识，高度重视，贯彻落实好中央和省的决策部署

教育大计，教师为本。要贯彻落实好教育规划纲要，推动教育事业持续、健康、快速发展，就必须把加强教师队伍建设作为最重要的基础工作来抓。2015年8月26日国务院常务会议决定在全国范围全面推开中小学教师职称制度改革。根据中央部署和我省实际情况，为建设高素质专业化中小学教师队伍，促进教育事业科学发展，两厅密切配合、通力合作，及时启动了我省改革的准备工作，现在改革实施方案顺利获得批准，我们一定要深刻理解中央和省的决策部署，进一步统一思想，凝聚共识，全面推动改革工作。

第一，深刻认识中小学教师职称制度改革的重大意义。建国60多年，特别是改革开放30多年以来，中小学教师队伍建设和教师的综合素质发生了巨大的变化。针对现行中小学教师职务制度与教师队伍建设不相适应的问题，中央决定率先在中小学领域开展职称改革，充分体现了党中央、国务院对教育事业的高度重视和对广大中小学教师的亲切关怀。通过改革，建立统一的中小学教师职务体系，并将最高职务等级设置到正高级，进一步拓宽了中小学教师的职业发展通道，使他们首次拥有了和教授、研究员一样的职业发展空间。这是对现行中小学教师管理制度的突破和创新，是进一步提升中小学教师社会地位和经济待遇的重大举措，既符合中小学办学规律和教师成长规律，也符合教师队伍建设的内在要求和发展动力。深化中小学教师职称制度改革，对弘扬尊师重教的社会风尚，吸引高素质人才到中小学幼儿园长期从教、终身从教，培养造就中小学领域的教育教学专家，提高基础教育质量，将产生极其深远的影响。

第二，准确理解逐步推进中小学教师职称制度改革的重大决策部署。深化中小学教师职称制度改革，涉及广大中小学教师的切身利益。为了切实把这件好事办好，2009年，国务院按照先行试点、积累经验、逐步推开的原则，首先选择在潍坊、松原、宝鸡三市开展试点，经过两年的实践，取得了预期的效果，得到了广大中小学教师的拥护。2011年，在总结经验、调查研究、反复论证的基础上，又决定在全国范围内扩大试点，各省市在两部指导下顺利完成了扩大试点工作，为全面改革探索了路子，验证了全面推开改革的必要性和可行性。2015年，决定在全国全面推开改革。这一重大决策部署，既体现了党中央、国务院推进改革的信心和决心，又体现了对广大中小学教师的高度负责和深切关怀。我们一定要按照中央的决策部署，在总结试点经验的基础上，循序渐进、积极稳妥、扎实有效地做好我省改革工作。

第三，切实增强做好中小学教师职称制度改革工作的责任感。按照中央的决策部署，2012年我省通过认真遴选，确定了大理、玉溪、临沧为开展改革试点的地区，经过3年实践，3地的中小学教师职称工作基本入轨。2015年，两厅拟定了全省改革工作实施方案和过渡办法、岗位设置办法、评审条件、评审办法等一系列文件，按期报国家审批。2016年，实施方案获得批准，全省除试点地区外，各地接下来将面临人员过渡、岗位设置、申报推荐、评审聘任等诸多环节，涉及100个县区、46万余名教师，时间紧、任务重、政策性强、涉及面广，社会影响大，再加上各县区经济社会和教育发展水平不平衡，教师队伍状况有差异，遇到的困难和矛盾也会各有不同。因此，我们必须按照省里的统一部署和要求，以高度的事业心和政治责任感，扎实做好改革相关各项工作，同时充分调动广大中小学教师的积极性、主动性、创造性，引导广大教师积极投身改革，做改革的支持者、参与者和建设者，确保改革工作顺利进行、取得明显成效。

二、立足实际，抓住关键，全面推进中小学教师职称制度改革

中小学教师职称制度改革，重点是在健全制度体系、完善评价标准、创新评价机制、与事业单位岗位聘用制度相衔接4个方面做出政策调整和制度完善。深入推进中小学教师职称制度改革，要准确理解“五项基本原则”和“四项主要内容”，牢牢把握住依靠教师、充分发挥教师主体作用这一关键环节，充分遵循教师成长规律，促进教师职业发展，才能真正“为中小学聘用教师提供依据，为全面实施素质教育提供制度保障和人才支持”。

第一，立足促进教师专业发展，建立健全教师职业发展通道。开展中小学教师职称制度改革，就是要更加充分地发挥教师职称评聘在推进教师职业发展、提高教师能力水平方面的政策杠杆作用。各州市、县市区要准确把握、全面贯彻落实国家《指导意见》和省《实施方案》的精神，建立健全教师职业发展通道。对现有在岗中小学教师，要认真梳理，按照对应关系，办理好过渡手续。要以评聘正高级教师和小学幼儿园新增副高级教师为契机，建立健全教师培养支持体系。尤其要按照培养造就教育家的要求，严格把握正高级教师的标准条件，提高评聘工作的质量水平，切实把教育教学业绩卓著、教学艺术精湛、群众公认、在教育领域做出突出贡献的专家选拔出来。除普通中小学外，要特别关心幼儿园、特殊教育等学校教师的成长；除基础骨干课程外，要特别注重紧缺薄弱学科教师的培养，使他们真正成为落实党的教育方针、政策，全面实施素质教育的中坚力量。

第二，宽严适度，突出实绩导向，不断完善教师职称评价标准与评价机制。发挥好教师职称评聘在中小学教师管理工作中的激励和导向作用，树立正确的用人导向，推动中小学教育教学质量水平的提高，是改革工作要解决的重点问题。根据国家规定的基本标准条件，我省从符合本地教育发展实际的角度，拟定了细化的中小学教师职称评审条件，并在试点地区使用了3年，其间不断修订完善，现已基本成熟。各州市、县市区在执行过程中，一定要按照“注重师德表现、注重教育教学工作实绩、注重教育教学方法改进、注重教育教学一线实践经历”的“四个注重”要求，将教书育人工作业绩作为教师职称评聘的主要依据，切实改变过去在职称评聘中过分强调论文、学历的倾向，引导广大教师立足本职工作，潜心教书、静心育人。在评聘过程中，要积极探索和不断完善说课讲课、面试答辩等符合教师职业特点的评价方式，让教育实践能力强、教学效果好的教师得到充分展示和客观公正的评价。在组织评审过程中，要选好评审专家，规范评审程序，增加评审工作透明度，全面推行评审结果公示制度，主动接受广大教师以及社会的监督。

第三，切实落实向乡村学校和薄弱学校倾斜的政策。改革工作的重要目标，是推动中小学教师合理流动，优化教师资源配置，鼓励教师长期扎根办学条件艰苦的教育教学岗位，鼓励城镇优秀教师到农村学校、薄弱学校任教。2015年6月，国务院印发《乡村教师支持计划》，将教师职称评聘向乡村学校倾斜作为一项重要举措，特别提出乡村教师评聘职称时不作外语成绩、发表论文的刚性要求。我省中小学教师系列评聘原来就不要求外语成绩，今后也不要求。另外，2014年省委1号文出台后，我省就及时进行了相关政策调整：一是乡镇教师评聘高级职称不受岗位数额的限制，二是取消了原来评聘高级职称必须提交论文的要求。我省新的评审条件中，还明确了乡村学校任教满3年的教师可优先申报推荐。这些改革措施，体现了省委、省政府对广大乡村教师的关心和重视。各地在具体实施过程中，要认真遵循，严格落实，除了继落实城镇教师晋升高级职称原则上要在乡村学校或薄弱学校任教1年以上的规定，还要综合考虑村小和教学点的实际，制订符合本地实际的具体评审标准，切实落实向乡村教师倾斜的政策要求。

第四，统筹推进中小学人事制度改革，实现职称制度与岗位设置等各项改革的配套衔接。要将职称制度改革放在统筹推进中小学人事制度改革的大背景中去谋划、去实施，做好与编制管理、岗位设置、绩效工资等各项改革的配套衔接，尤其要做好职称制度改革与岗位聘用制度改革的有效衔接。按照分类推进事业单位改革的要求，坚持聘任制和岗位管理的改革方向，我省自2012年就明确规定中小学教师职称不再搞评聘分开，各地也不得再进行与岗位聘用相脱离的资格评审。有的县区实行过“评聘分开”政策，可能积累了一些矛盾和问题，对那些取得任职资格，但未作相应聘任的人员，要耐心细致做好政策解释工作，进行妥善处理解决。改革过程中，还要做好教师职称晋升评价与绩效考核评价的有效衔接，进一步研究完善教师考核的有效办法，使职称晋升考核与绩效考核相协调、相统一。我们要把好事做好，就要充分认识到改革的复杂性，处理好改革、发展和稳定的关系，妥善做好新老人员过渡和新旧政策衔接工作，避免出现新的矛盾与问题，保持和谐稳定的良好局面。

三、加强领导，周密安排，确保改革工作平稳顺利实施

各州市、县市区要坚决贯彻中央和省的决策部署，精心谋划、稳妥实施，确保改革工作平稳顺利推进。

第一，要学习到位，深刻领会改革工作的精神实质和政策要求。这次改革，是对实施了30年之久的中小学教师职称制度的重要变革和制度创新，内容丰富，涉及面广，政策性强。希望大家认真学习，深入研究，吃透政策精神，掌握具体操作办法。各州市、县市区要精心设计，周密部署，把思想和行动自觉地统一到中央和省的决策部署上来，统一到深化改革的文件规定和工作要求上来。

第二，要组织到位，建立健全改革工作的领导和协调机制。各州市、县市区要抓紧完善领导小组和工作机构，建立健全、不断完善有利于推进工作、提高效率的改革工作运行机制和协调机制。各级人社、教育部门要密切配合、通力合作。各级教育部门作为中小学教师队伍建设的行政主管部门，要依法履行管理职责，充分发挥联系教育教学业务，熟悉教育教学专家和一线教师的优势，充分掌握本地中小学情况和教师队伍状况，更加积极主动、创造性地开展工作，确保改革工作顺利实施。

第三，要落实到位，保证实施方案的顺利进行。各州市、县市区要根据改革工作实施方案和本次会议部署，深入调查研究，全面摸清教师队伍状况，认真培训好相关工作人员，层层抓好落实工作，根据改革后新的职称制度体系，做好人员过渡、岗位设置、组织评审、岗位聘用等一系列环节，确保改革任务的顺利完成。

职称英语考试等级 篇3

A级适用范围：

1.高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报高级专业技术职务或其它系列中申报正高级专业技术职务者。

2.申报高级国际商务师者。

B级适用范围：

1.卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报高级专业技术职务者。

2.高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报中级专业技术职务者。

3.翻译系列中申报高级专业技术职务者(限第二外语)。

4.高级专业技术职务未分正副的系列(工程系列除外)申报高级专业技术职务或其他系列中申报副高级专业技术职务者。

C级适用范围：

1.翻译系列中申报中级专业技术职务(第二外语)或其它系列申报高级专业技术职务(第二外语)者。

2.卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报中级专业技术职务或其它系列申报中级专业技术职务者。具体的适用范围，按各省份而定如福建省职称外语考试 等级划分和适用范围: 1.申报高级国际商务师专业技术职务的，须参加职称外语A级考试;申报高级专业技术职务及参加国际商务师执业资格考试的，须参加职称外语B 级考试;申报中级专业技术职务的，须参加职称外语C级考试。

取消职称等级工资好[小编推荐] 篇4

虽然老师都加了钱，可是没有几个开心的，有能力的老师职称等级工资比所谓没有能力的老师一个月多上千哦！另外补课费哦，中考奖，小考奖，联赛奖又拿了好多哦，还有绩效工资他们又拿的多，哈哈这一拿一年比别人多拿几万了哦！这些老师的本事浩大哦！还有一些更大本事的拿着高职称等级工资不上班了的！同是教个小学初中你的本事有那样大吗？！我同意取消职称等级工资！

一、取消中、小学教师职称工资

目前教师工资以职称取酬，由于学校中、高级职称有名额限制的，特别是高级。达到条件的教师远远多于限制的名额，造成资历、学历、能力、工作量、成果差不多的教师之间（尤其农村义务教育的教师）收入差距过大：高级与初级相差接近一半。而且严重影响退休待遇.办好学校，要靠90%以上教师。以教师职称高低定工资，不仅不能真正的调动广大教师的积极性，大部分教师职称原因收入差距过大，严重影响工作效率，特别是没有晋上级职称希望的，后遗症一大堆。因为教师也是人，也存在心理失衡问题。在失衡心理的驱使下，导致师资流失严重，无法跳槽的教师，产生的不良后果将越来越多，于是每次中、高级教师职称评聘，教师之间、教师与领导、教师与评委矛盾重重，给腐败有机可趁。

许多原来要好的教师，因此反目成仇，甚至还动用了黑社会，增添纪委等部门麻烦和工作成本。因为职称取酬的收入差距，有着太多的人为色彩，由此造成的不公平感最为强烈，教师工资以职称取酬政策影响安定、破坏公平、损害干群关系、对和谐社会的构建造成严重威胁。为防止分配不公已日益从经济问题造成民生问题演变为严重社会问题。因此通过工资改革“限高、稳中、托低”，逐渐淡化职称工资，或取消中、小学教师职称工资。建立效率与公平辩证统一的收入分配，势在必行。

二、教师的收入

教师收入由：基本工资、教龄工资、绩效工资、特优津贴等构成。

1.基本工资：教师按照教师资格定：小学教师2000元，初中教师2300元，高中教师2500元，大专教师2800元，大学教师3000元。（随国民经济增长）2.教龄工资（含工龄）：每年30元，随着教龄增长。工龄工资的实行这不仅是对老教师的照顾问题，更重要的是鼓励终身从教的思想，有利于教师队伍的建设和教师队伍的稳定。

3.课时工资：课时补贴按照实际上课按劳取酬原则；主要是鼓励教师多代课，特别是年轻教师精力充沛，他们多代课，并得到应有的报酬，不仅是心理的安慰，也是对他们的鼓励。

4.绩效工资：学期和学年奖金（取代职称工资）。这部分奖金，只能占工资的10%左右。大家推荐竞比实绩，每学期学年评，不终身制。每个老师积极努力年年有希望。主要是激励工作出成效，优质优得，不仅要激励多代课，更要激励上好课。

教师职称等级工作总结 篇5

Passage 1

CATV is a short way of saying ”community antenna (天线) television.“ But ”cable television“ is the term most people use. Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas.

Television signals do not follow the curve (曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TV station move toward the horizon (水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all.

CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations shared the cost of putting up high antennas. A community antenna was usually placed on a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station. From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge.

CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found for it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge.

Today, cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.

1. From the first paragraph we know that ________.

○A. most people use cable television

○B. ”community antenna“ is another name for ”regular antenna“

○C. a community antenna is used for cable television

○D. regular antennas cannot pick up TV signals programs

2. Of the following, which is NOT the way TV signals travel?

○A. In a curve.

○B. In a straight line.

○C. In all direction.

○D. Toward the horizon.

3. Cable TV is becoming more and popular because _____________.

○A. it is free of charge

○B. it can provide more programs

○C. it provides all TV users good pictures

○D. TV sets with regular antennas can also have a good reception through CATV

4. On the whole, this passage is about ________.

○A. how to put up high antennas

○B. a way of picking up better TV programs

○C. how to use the empty channels on your TV set

○D. the way that TV signals are sent

5. From the passage we can infer that __________.

○A. TV has begun to be used for educational purposes

○B. there is no charge for CATV

○C. cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areas

○D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a community

Passage 2

In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.

In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs.

The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod. This device protects buildings from damage by lightning.

Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting contains more than 15 million volts. A spark between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.

Scientists estimate that there are about million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States along it kills an average of one person every day.

The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.

With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry!

6. Lightning is really __________.

○A. weapon

○B. electricity

○C. light

○D. mystery

7. People once though that lightning came from __________.

○A. scientists

○B. ground

○C. lightning rod

○D. gods

8. One flash of lightning can produce enough electricity for ______ bulbs.

○A. 10,000

○B. 1,000

○C. 1,000,000

○D. 100

9. Benjamin Franklin ___________.

○A. made the first lightning rod

○B. invented electricity

○C. built the Empire State Building

○D. prevented Lightning from hitting cars

10. _________ is the best place to be during an electrical storm.

○A. Swimming pool

○B. a high ground

○C. Under a tree

○D. A car

Passage 3

Because of the energy crisis, scientists in the oil-consuming nations have become increasingly interested in the potential(潜在的) of solar energy. Some experts estimate that the present supply of fossil (化石) fuel will not last until the end of the twentieth century. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness (利用) the sun#39;s energy effectively and inexpensively. One of the most popular methods currently being tested uses rooftop solar collectors and underground storage tanks. An advantage of a properly working system of this type is that it will not create any environmental pollution. Another advantage of using solar energy is that the cost of the fuel-the sun#39;s rays-is zero. When a solar heating system is working at maximum (最大的) efficiency, it can provide up to 80 percent of winter heating needs.

11. The main topic of this passage is __________.

○A. the shortage of fossil fuel

○B. the problems that energy researchers face

○C. an environmental pollution problem

○D. an inexpensive energy source

12. One popular solar heating system makes use of __________.

○A. roof collectors and underground storage

○B. fossil fuel conversion

○C. underground oil tanks

○D. water collection and evaporation

13. The cost of using the sun#39;s rays for heating is ___________.

○A. about the same as the cost of fossil fuels

○B. several hundred dollars per year

○C. negligible compared with other energy sources

○D. determined by the severity of the winter

14. Which of the following describes an advantage of using solar energy?

○A. There is little or no environmental pollution.

○B. A large percentage of fuel costs can be saved.

○C. Fossil fuels will become more plentiful.

○D. The oil-consuming nations will not have to import oil.

15. According to some experts, the supply of fossil fuel will not last _______.

○A. one more century

○B. an indeterminable time

○C. until the end of this century

○D. indefinitely

第二部分 完成句子 (25分)

根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。

Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television camera crew on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone though, ”UFO“-Unidentified Flying Object. The camera crew went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of this mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the aeroplane and the film crew believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light.

An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar screen. He thought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screen when the ”UFO“ appeared.

Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it is very bright and easy to see. And from a moving aeroplane it can appear to be moving fast. So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist. These years investigators of UFOs have investigated thousands of sighting-or occasions when people said they saw a UFO. Ninety per cent of these turned out to have a simple explanation.

However, it#39;s good idea to keep an open mind. Scientists in some countries are trying to persuade their governments to help them study UFOs. And they are planning to cooperate inter-nationally on reporting and investigating sightings of UFOs.

After all, it is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe. And if something is alive, it is quite possible that it will come to visit us.

16. The captain and the camera crew believed that UFO was a v spaceship from another planet.

17. Many o believed that the UFO was Venus.

18. So far there is no proof that UFOs are sp from outer space.

19. Some scientists in the world are planning to do some r on UFOs.

20. P life in the universe may try to make a visit to us.

第三部分 阅读理解 (80分)

Passage 1

In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. Maybe one of the most profound developments of the last decade is the discovery of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to introduce genetic (遗传学的) material (or genes) from one organism into another. In its simplest form, the technology requires the isolation of a piece of DNA, either directly from the DNA of the organism under study, or artificially synthesized from an DNA. This piece of DNA is then ligated (结扎) to a fragment of bacterial DNA which has the capacity to replicate (复制) itself independently. The recombinant molecule thus produced can be introduced into the common intestinal (内部的) bacterium Escherishchia coli, which can be grown in very large amounts in synthetic media. Under proper conditions, the foreign gene will not only replicate in the bacteria, but also express itself, through the process of transcription and translation, to give rise to large amounts of the specific protein coded by the foreign gene.

The technology has already been successfully applied to the production of several therapeutically (疗法的) important biomolecules, such as, growth hormones, interferon, insulin.

Many other important applications are under detailed investigation in laboratories throughout the world.

21. Recombinant DNA technology consists primarily of ____________.

○A. producing several therapeutically important biomolecules

○B. giving rise to large amounts of protein

○C. introducing genetic material from one organism into another

○D. using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase

22. Recombinant DNA technology has been used in the production of all of the following biomolecules except ___________.

○A. growth hormones

○B. Escherishchia coli

○C. interferon

○D. insulin

23. Which of the following is not true?

○A. The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria, but it will not express itself through transcription and translation.

○B. The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amounts in synthetic media.

○C. Research continues in an effort to find other uses for this technology.

○D. Recombinant DNA technology is a recent development.

24. Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires ________.

○A. the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

○B. the processes of transcription and translation

○C. production of insulin and other biomolecules

○D. that the bacteria be grown in a synthetic media

25. The term recombinant is used because ___________.

○A. by ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, which has the capacity of replication

○B. the technique requires the combination of several types of technology

○C. by ligation, a recombinant protein is produced, part of whose amino acids come from different organism

○D. Escherishchia coli is a recombinant organism

Passage 2

Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three - dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now ominous (不祥的) development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate (使隔离) themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon (平静的) days no matter what vicissitudes (变化) it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old. Children who have just learned to speak fluently.

26. What does the passage mainly discuss?

○A. The impact of language on mathematics.

○B. Children#39;s ability to learn languages.

○C. How basic concepts of physics are learned.

○D. Math-learning strategies for babies.

27. According to the passage, which of following activities would teach a baby geometry?

○A. Picking up a wooden block.

○B. Recognizing the number 2.

○C. Uttering a nonsense word.

○D. Looking at distant objects.

28. According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers?

○A. Six months.

○B. Nine months.

○C. Fifteen months.

○D. Eighteen months.

29. The use of the word ”ominous“ shows that the author believe the child#39;s _____.

○A. linguistic future is threatened

○B. nerves will deteriorate

○C. hearing will suffer

○D. mathematical ability all decline

30. The passage support which of the following conclusions?

○A. The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning.

○B. It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two.

○C. Language teaching should incorporate some mathematical formulas.

○D. Preschool education should stress society#39;s beliefs and conventions

第四部分 概括大意 (20分)

给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。

31. The Solar E

The sun is the source of most of the heat known to us. As a direct source of heat, the sun maintains life upon this planet, 150 000 000 kilometers distant. It is also an indirect source of heat. Since the earth is derived from the sun, it is the latter that we must trace some of the earth#39;s internal heat that reveals itself through volcanoes, geysers (喷泉), and hot springs.

32. Insects and Surface T

An insect is not afraid of gravity, but it is in deadly fear of another force of nature. This force is called surface tension (张力). A man coming out of a bath carries with him a film of water about one fiftieth of an inch in thickness. This weights about a pound. A wet mouse has to carry its own weight in water. A wet fly has to lift many times its own weight, and, as everyone knows, a fly once wetted by water or any other liquid is in a very serious position indeed. An insect going for a drink is in as great danger as a man leaning over the edge of a cliff in search of food. If it once falls into the grip of the surface tension of the water - that is to say, gets wet it is likely to remain so until it drowns. A few insects contrive to be unwettable; the majority keep away from their drink by means of long proboscis (喙).

33. T of Boiling Point of Liquids

When the temperature of a liquid is raised enough, the liquid boils. This means that bubbles of vapor, containing millions of molecules form below the surface. In order for such bubbles to be produced, the pressure of the vapor inside them must be equal to the pressure of the air upon the surface of the liquid. If the air pressure is greater, the bubble will collapse. The boiling point of a liquid, then, is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure upon the liquid at the surface.

34. E and Contraction

Solids also expand with increase in temperature and contract when cooled. But they do not behave quite so uniformly (相同地) in this respect as liquids and gases do, particularly in the case of wide variations, in temperature. Most solids expend or contract by a definite amount for every degree of the temperature that rises or falls. The amount by which on substance expands and contracts for one degree is not usually the same as that for a different substance. Thus, for a given rise in temperature, a piece of brass expands at little more than a piece of copper and much more than a piece of steel of the same size.

35. A of Electric Trains

Electric trains have many advantages over those drawn by steam engines. There is no smoke to soil the passengers#39; clothes and the cushions in the train. Because they carry no heavy loads of coal and water, these trains can start and stop with less waste of power. In a station they are silent: there#39;s no steam to produce noise to deafen the passengers.

第五部分 阅读理解 (120分)

Passage 1

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror…the glass in the roof a green house which allows the sun#39;s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert#39;s prediction, the atmosphere will be 7oC warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice capes in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth#39;s chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man - made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon Dioxide warms the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is. Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?

One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and ”cold“ spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or ”colder“ faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable affect on the distribution of the earth#39;s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar - weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a default of thousands of yeas while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth#39;s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter - balance to the suns diminishing heat.

36. It can concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ____________.

○A. prevent the sun#39;s rays from reaching the earth#39;s surface

○B. mean a warming up in the Arctic

○C. account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

○D. raise the temperature of the earth#39;s surface

37. The article was written to explain _________.

○A. the greenhouse effect

○B. the solar effects on the earth

○C. the models of solar-weather in traction#39;s

○D. the causes affecting weather

38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.

○A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

○B. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

○C. exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth#39;s climate

○D. partly due to variations in the output of solar energy

39. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that __________.

○A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

○B. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of modern city. In the home, many labour-saving devices are p_____51_____ by electricity.

教师职称等级工作总结 篇6

建设高素质的“双师型”教师队伍是提高中职教育教学质量的关键。但中职学校如何加快建设一支高素质的“双师型”教师队伍，是摆在职业教育工作者面前的一项重要课题。

“双师型”教师不应简单的理解为“双职称型”教师

究竟什么是“双师型”教师，目前还没有一个权威性的科学解释。一种理解为“双师型”就是“双职称型”，即教师在获得教师系列职称外还需要取得另外一种技术职称，即简单的“职称+资格证书”，如：教师职称+医师（工程师、会计师、机械师等）。另一种理解为“双师型”就是“双素质型”，即教师既要具备理论教学的素质，也应具备实践教学的素质，即“教师职称+实践教学能力”。如果按第一种理解，把“双职称型”统称为“双师型”教师，那就容易产生不利影响，有些教师持有的技术职称（职业资格）证书与其所讲授的专业根本不对口，而且有些证书是通过理论考试取得的，缺乏实践能力。如果按第二种理解，那实践教学能力怎么落实？又怎么去考核评价？事实上，在中职学校具有实践经验的教师是偏少的，大多数专业教师都没有长期从事与所教专业和课程相关的岗位工作，没有实践动手能力，真正能够达到“双师型”水平的教师并不多。据调查，当前很多中职学校的“双师型”教师只是简单的“职称+资格证书”，至于实践动手能力如何则无从考查。

由于历史原因，职业学校师资来源主要是师范院校毕业生，这些教师受过较好的师范教育，但缺乏专业实践经验和必备的专业技能，实践动手能力不强或者没有。从事教育工作后，大多数教师都在为教师系列中级、高级职称“奋斗”，而中级、高级职称的评定不包含实践动手能力，这样必然导致中职学校专业课教师忽视自身实践动手能力的培养，包括已经评选上的一部分“双师型”教师动手实践能力也不强。一些学校教师紧张，教学任务繁重，校企合作不深入，因此，派专业课教师到企业生产一线实践比较困难，专业课教师实践能力得不到锻炼。这一现象在2013年10月5日《中国教育报》刊登的《湖北省中等职业学校学生发展状况》调查报告中已有结论：中职学生对教师队伍，特别是班主任队伍的整体评价较高，但对专业课教师的实践动手能力和创新能力评价较低。

针对中等职业学校“双师型”教

师评定缺乏标准的问题，《专业标准》充分体现职业教育教师和普通教育教师的区别，突出职校教师专业理论与职业实践相结合、职业教育理论与教育实践相结合的特征，要求教师既要具备普通教育教师的职业素质，又要具备相应行业人员的职业素质，能够实施理论教学与技能训练，指导学生实训实习，身体力行“做中教，做中学”。因此，笔者理解，高素质的“双师型”教师内涵应该表现为：首先应取得教师资格，同时应该具备与其技术职务（职业资格）相对应的较强的专业实践等职业能力。其内涵具体表现在：一方面要有较高的文化知识和专业理论水平，有较强的教科研能力和素质；另一方面有熟练的专业实践技能，有一定的组织生产经营和科技推广以及指导学生就业、创业的能力和素质。

建立科学的“双师型”教师评选办法和激励机制

正因为至今对中职学校“双师型”没有一个权威性的定义，所以其评选标准也没有完全建立起来。中职学校“双师型”教师评选机会少，其在教师中所占比例偏小，而普通教育教师系列的初级、中级、高级职称这么多年已经有了一个相对完善的评价体系。中职学校教师职称评定基本上就是比照普通中学教师职称评定，这种评定办法不能完全反映中职教育的特色，不利于中职教师专业发展，更不利于“双师型”教师队伍建设。

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020）》指出要完善符合职业教育特点的教师资格标准和专业技术职务（职称）评聘办法。《专业标准》也明确指出要制定中等职业学校教师聘任（聘用）、考核、退出等管理制度。建立符合中职特色的教师专业技术职称评聘办法是大势所趋。以此为契机，教育主管部门要建立起科学的“双师型”教师评选办法。笔者认为，在“双师型”教师具体评选中，在教师职称系列的基础上，要特别注意，一是看其拥有的技术职务（职业资格）是否与其所施教的专业一致；二是看其获取的职业资格证书是否从理论到理论，即是否是通过纯考试手段获得的；三是看其专业实践能力。

同时，还应建立“双师型”教师激励机制。目前，与教师工资待遇挂钩的也只有教师系列的初级、中级、高级职称，“双师型”教师对教师个人似乎只是一种荣誉称号，对学校而言只是师资结构问题。因此，笔者认为，应该把责任激励、荣誉激励和物质激励有效结合起来，特别要与工资待遇、职务晋升等教师切身利益挂钩，而且要高于一般教师职称的工资待遇，从政策层面保护“双师型”教师的切身利益。

培养“双师型”教师队伍需要加强校企合作

落实专业课教师到企业实践制度。《专业标准》回应社会关切问题，针对教师实践能力与产业技术进步脱节的问题，要求教师了解产业发展趋势和工作岗位要求，跟进技术进步和工艺更新，基于职业岗位工作过程设计和实施教学；针对教师生产实践经验不足的问题，要求教师为企业提供技术支持、员工培训、业务咨询等社会服务，专业课教师和实习指导教师要具有企事业单位工作经历或实践经验。《专业标准》还明确指出，要“重视中等职业学校教师职业特点，加强专业建设，深化校企合作”。

因此，各中职学校要充分发挥各地职业教育协调领导小组的作用，加强校企合作，积极落实专业课教师每年必须有至少两个月到企业或生产、服务一线实践制度，让教师在基层生产、建设、服务、管理第一线实践、锻炼，提高专业能力。比如计算机专业，学校可以选派一些计算机专业教师到电脑公司、广告公司、网络公司等企业去进修、培训，包括去“顶岗实践”，教师直接参与企业生产、科研、营销、服务等活动，及时掌握企业最新技术，增强生产实践和科研能力，同时又把生产实践经验紧密嵌入到教学过程中。

专业课教师到企业进行专业实践，可以开展专业或者行业调查，了解自己所从事专业生产、技术、工艺、设备、销售的现状和发展趋势，以便在教学中及时给学生补充新科技、新工艺；可以带着一些课题或者问题，到企业向具有丰富实践经验的技术人员或工人师傅请教，向他们学习，到企业“顶岗实践”，提高自己专业实践水平和专业技术能力，促进教育教学质量的提高；还可以参与企业技术改造、技术革新等实践活动，提高自己的专业技术研究、开发能力。

建立一支稳定的兼职教师队伍。企业或社会有一大批高素质的技能型人才或能工巧匠，他们有丰富的实践经验和专业技能，中职学校要结合学校实际，大胆聘请他们担任学校相关专业的兼职教师，弥补学校专业课教师实践经验不足的缺点。这样，一方面可以给学校师生带来生产一线的新技术、新工艺和企业对从业人员素质的新要求；另一方面，这些兼职教师在和学校老师共同教学活动中，可以促进学校专业课教师向“双师型”教师转化。