易混易错选择题100例

易混易错选择题100例（共4篇）

易混易错选择题100例 篇1

为帮助师生提高英语教学效果，提高易混易错选择题的准确度，特精选精编了如下具有典型意义的选择题100例，希望对你有所帮助。

1. ①study hard , you’ll succeed.

②study hard, you’ll fail.

a. unless b. or

c. but d. and

2. ①he lived in the city of beijing there’s a zhong guan cun.

②he lived in the city of beijing and there’s a zhong guan cun .

a. in that b. in it

c. where d. wherever

3. ①it’s nine o’clock we got to the station.

②it’s at nine o’clock we got to the station.

a. as b. that

c. when d. while

4. ① he said so made us very happy.

② he said made us very happy.

a. which b. what

c. that d. it

5. ①is this bike she lost the day before yesterday?

②is this the bike she lost the day before yesterday?

a. that b. what

c. the one d. it

6. ① is well known ,hong kong has been returned to our motherland.

② is well known that hong kong has been returned to our motherland.

a. which b. as

c. it d. that

7. ①he must have lived here for 10 years, he?

②he must have finished the work yesterday, he ?

a. mustn’t b. haven’t

c. didn’t d. hasn’t

8. ① there no buses, we had to walk home.

②there no buses, so we had to walk home.

a. is b. were

c. are d. being

9. ① we young people should go we’re most needed.

② we young people should go to we’re most needed.

a. the place which b. where

c. the place where d. which

10.①he is one of the students who good at drawing.

②he is the one of the students who good at drawing.

a. is b. does

c. are d. do

11. ①the book is worth ,i think.

②the book is worth of ,i think.

a. to read b. being read

c. reading d. read

12.①the little girl had no choice but at home.

②the little girl could do nothing but at home.

a. to stay b. to staying

c. stayed d. stay

13.①new york is much larger than in america.

② new york is much larger than in india.

a. other city b. any city

c. all cities d. any other city

14. ①many students find difficult to learn.

②many students find language difficult to learn.

a. english b. an english

c. the english d. england

15. ①we will never forget the days we spent together.

②we will never forget the days we worked together.

a. that b. where

c. on which d. when

16. ①tom got the first place, made his parents happy.

②tom got the first place,and made his parents happy.

a. as b. which

c. that d. this

17. ①he needs on.

②the doctor needs on him.

a. to operate b. being operated

c. operate d. to be operated

18. ①he is unfit for the job , ?

②he isn’t fit for the job , ?

a. isn’t he b. is he

c. doesn’t he d. dose he

19. ①let’s go at once, ?

②let us go at once, ?

a. will you b. shall we

c. do you d. does he

20. ① our teacher entered the classroom, .

②our teacher entered the classroom,with .

a. a book in hand b. book in hand

c. a book in his hand d. book in

21.① many times, so he could understand it.

② many times, he couldn’t understand it.

a. having been told b. having told

c. he had been told d. though he had been told 22.①the writer and scientist present at the meeting.

②the writer and the scientist present at the meeting.

a. were b. was

c. has d. had

23. ①three years later he turned doctor.

②three years later he became doctor.

a. an b. a

c. 不填 d. the

24.①my brother often plays football after school.

②my brother often plays piano after school.

a. 不填 b. a

c. the d. an

25.①she is good a teacher that we all like her .

②she is good teacher that we all like her.

a. so b. such c. such a d. quite a

26. ①she often goes to school bike.

②she often goes to school foot.

a. in b. at c. on d.by

27.①more than 70 percent of the population of these country peasants.

②more than 70 percent of the population of this country farming-population.

a. has b. have c. is d. are

28. ①he as well as his brother football now.

②he and his brother football now.

a. is playing b. is played

c. are playing d. are played

29. ①all of the apples rotten.

②all of the apple rotten.

a. are b. is

c. have been d. has been

30.①do you know john is getting on well with his studies?

②do you know john is getting on with his studies?

a. how b. which c. what d. that

31. ①the workers a new hospital since the end of last year.

②the workers a new hospital by the end of last year.

a. have built b. have been building

c. had built d. were building

32. ①it is 3 years his brother joined the army.

②it is 3 years ago his brother joined the army.

a. since b. that c. after d. before

33. ①they don’t know he will come unless told.

②they don’t know he will come until told.

a. that b. whether

c. how long d. if or not

34. ①i 10 dollars on the dictionary.

②i 10 dollars for the dictionary.

a. took b. cost

c. paid d. spent

35. ①he has two watches, but of them works well.

② he has two watches, and of them work well.

a. both b. none

c. neither d. either

36. ①—— who did you see in the room?

—— .

②——how many people did you see in the room?

—— .

a. no one b. none

c. anyone d. any one

37.①“you be a bit tired.why not stop to rest? ”

② “you be so tired that you had to stop to rest.”

a. should b. can’t

c. must d. mustn’t

38. ①jenny have kept her word. i wonder why she changed her mind.

②jenny have kept her word, i wonder why she didn’t change her mind.

a. must b. should

c. need d. would

39. ①this is the reason you all know.

②i really don’t know the reason professor li didn’t attend the meeting.

a. why b. which c. because d. that

40. ①he asked us the question the film was worth seeing.

②he made the suggestion the meeting should be put off.

a. when b. where c. that d. whether

41.①he is working hard, every one of us can see.

②he passed the exam, pleased every one of us.

a. as b. it c. that d. which

42.① studies hard will make greater progress.

② will come to finish this task hasn’t been decided yet.

a. who b. whoever

c. whatever d. no matter who

43.①i’m sure he finished the task on time yesterday.

②i’m not sure he will finish the task on time.

a. whether b. which c. if d. that

44. ①is this park he visited the other day?

②is this the park he visited the other day?

a. in which b. the one

c. 不填 d. where

45.①she didn’t leave the classroom she had finished the homework.

②she got to the station the bus left.

a. till b. since c. while d. before

46. ①it won’t be long we meet again.

②he came soon we had watered the garden.

a. till b. since c. after d. before

47. ① hard it may be, i will carry it out.

② great progress i have made, there is still a long way to go.

a. how b. however c. whatever d. what

48.①the reason he couldn’t come was that his mother was ill.

②it was his mother was ill that he couldn’t come.

a. as b. because c. since d. why

49. ①mary used to have with her husband.

②mary is asking for you. maybe she will have with you.

a. some words b. words

c. the word d. a word

50.①her composition is well written some spelling mistakes.

②she goes to school every day sun-day.

a. except b. besides

c. beside d. except for

51.① from the top of a twenty-storied building,wuhan looks very beautiful.

② these pictures,he couldn’t help thinking of those days when he was in wuhan.

a. seeing b. to see c. seen d. saw

52.①the question at the meeting yesterday is very important.

②the question now at the meeting is very important.

a. discussing b. discussed

c. being discussed d. to be discussed

53. ①our teacher tried to speak louder in order to made us .

②our teacher tried to speak louder in order to made herself .

a. to hear b. hearing c. heard d. hear

54. ①—you have bought a new car.

— .

②—mary has bought a new car.

— .

a. so did i b. so i have

c. so i did d. so have i

55. ①time , he shall go outing.

②if time , he shall go outing.

a. permited b. permits

c. permitting d. would permit

56.①she has many novels, some of are interesting.

②she has many novels,and some of are interesting.

a. that b. which c. it d. them

57. ① many times, he has already known how to do it.

② many times, but he still didn’t know how to do it.

a. having been told b. he had been told

c. though he had been told d. having told

58.①it was the first class miss li taught us we never forger.

②it was in the first class miss li taught us we never forget it.

a. that; that b. that; and

c. which; that d. that; which

59. ① this road and you’ll get to the cinema.

② this road, you’ll get to the cinema.

a. to follow b. follow

c. if following d. following after

60. ①she early before she came here.

②she early since she came here.

a. used to get up

b. has used to get up

c. has got used to getting up

d. was used to getting up.

61.①i can’t help the work for her because she’s too young to do it.

②i can’t help but the work for her because she’s too young to do it.

a. do b. did

c. doing d. to doing

62.①i forgot her the book. i’ll go back to take it.

②i forgot her the book, so i went back to take it again.

a. to return b. returning

c. to return back d. return

63. ①he had the sick girl to the hospital.

②he had the sick girl medicine to the hospital.

a. carry b. to carry

c. carrying d. carried

64. ① many times, but she still didn’t know how to do it.

② many times, she still didn’t know how to do it.

a. she was taught b. having taught

c. having been taught d. she has taught

65. ①we had thought what we did him.

②we had thought that we did him.

a. satisfying b. satisfaction

c. satisfied d. satisfy

66. ①she is considered the dance hall.

②she has considered the dance hall so far.

a. how to buying b. to buy

c. to have bought d. buying

67.① in the magazine, i made a decision to read it again.

② by the magazine, i made a decision to read it.

a. interest b. interested

c. to interest d. being interested

68. ①what me most was that nobody was on duty.

②what was most to me was that no-body was on duty.

a. to surprise b. surprising

c. surprised d. in surprise

69.①would you like to the film this evening?

②do you feel like to the film this evening?

a. going b. to go c. go d. gone

70.①there were 12 persons in the bus, a baby.

②there were 12 persons in the bus, a baby .

a. to include b. including

c. included d. to contain

71. ①he was too busy his friend.

②he was very busy his friend.

a. in accepting b. with

c. to receive d. receiving

72. ① , he could lift the heavy stone

② , he could not lift the heavy stone.

a. strong as he was b. so strong as was he

c. he was strong enough d. as he was strong

73. ① ,we had to go home on foot yesterday.

② ,so we had to go home on foot yesterday.

a. there being no buses

b. because there being no buses

c. there were no buses

d. without any buses

74.① he said at the meeting surprised us all.

② he said nothing at the meeting surprised us all.

a. what b. which c. that d. whether

75.① we’ll have a meeting tomorrow has been decided.

② we’ll have a meeting tomorrow has not been decided.

a. that b. if c. whether d. what

76. ①our teacher did he could to help us.

②our teacher did all he could to help us.

a. what b. which c. that d. whom

77.①the old man entered the room, by his son.

②the old man entered the room, his son.

a. follow b. to follow c. followed d. following

78.①the little boy would like her to the cinema.

②the little boy would like to the cin-ema.

a. to take b. taking

c. to be taken d. being taken

79.①it was in the house i saw that young man.

②it was the house i saw the young man.

a. which b. what c. that d. where

80.①this is the factory i worked two years ago.

②this is the factory i visited two years ago.

a. that b. where c. at that d. what

81.①my mother went home,and the door open.

②my mother went home, the door open.

a. to find b. found c. finding d. find

82. ① my mother didn’t come back on april 25,

was my birthday.

②my mother didn’t come back on april 25, was a pity.

a. that b. which c. when d. as

83. ①could you tell me to do it tomorrow?

②could you tell me to do tomorrow?

a. when b. how c. what d. that

84.①these professors already to the party are from england.

②these professors tomorrow to the party are from england.

a. being invited b. having been invited

c. invited d. to be invited

85. ①i’m sorry you so much trouble.

②i’m sorry for you so much trouble.

a. having given b. to have been given

c. to have given d. having been given

86. ①mary will sure to go there tomorrow.

②mary sure to go there tomorrow.

a. are b. be c. is d. does

87. ①you wait until your father back.

②you leave until you father back.

a. should…comes b. shouldn’t…will come

c. shouldn’t…comes d. should…will come

88. ①i think he must be a good student, ?

②she thinks he must be a good student, ?

a. mustn’t he b. doesn’t she

c. don’t they d. isn’t he

89. ①mr brown with his friends of collecting stamps.

②mr brown and his friends of collecting stamps.

a. is fond b. are fond c. fond d. fonds

90.①father promised i studied harder he would take me to beijing next summer.

②father promised he would take me to beijing next summer if i studied harder.

a. that b. if c. that if d. if that

91.① makes me feel sad seeing you living all alone.

② makes me feel sad is seeing you living all alone.

a. that b. this c. it d. what

92. ① he come,what you say to him?

② he comes,what you say to him?

a. should…would b. when…would

c. if…will d. were to…do

93. ①there is something wrong with my watch.

needs repairing.

②there is something wrong with my watch,

needs repairing.

a. it b. which c. which d. that

94. ①seeing is .

②to see is .

a. believing b. believe c. to believe d. belief

95. ①—do you need a pen?

—yes, i need .

②i bought a pen yesterday.

i like very muck.

a. this b. it c. that d. one

96.① japan lies east of china is known to all.

②i don’t know has happened to him now.

a. if b. what c. that d. where

97. ①it takes a lot of to build a house.

②a new chemical will be set up soon.

a. working b. works c. work d. job

98. ①he couldn’t help the housework,for he was busy.

②he couldn’t help at the news.

a. cry b. do c. doing d. crying

99. ① come if you have time.

②he do it the otherday.

a. do b. dos c. did d. have

100.①the building last year is a new school.

②the building next year is a new library.

a. building b. built c. to be built d. being built

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历史上的重大改革回眸易混易错 篇2

——易混易错总结

1.迈锡尼的狮子门是君主专制的象征，而不是贵族政治的象征

2.梭伦改革奠定了城邦民主制的基础，但并未确立民主制（克里斯提尼改革）3.雅典民主政治是奴隶主性质的民主政治，因而说“雅典的民主政治是建立在不民主的基础之上的”

4.梭伦改革与管仲改革、鲁国“初税亩”都触及了当时主要生产关系——土地的占有关系，但土地所有制并没有发生。故都没有促使社会性质的转变

5.齐（相地而衰征）鲁（初税亩）税制改革事实上承认了土地私有，秦商鞅变法从法律上全面肯定土地私有制

6.魏文侯变法是战国时期最早的一次改革，秦国商鞅变法是战国时期最彻底的一次改革 7.战国的变法中只有秦国废除了旧贵族土地所有制

1商鞅“焚烧诗书”○2秦始皇“焚书坑儒”8.秦的两次文化专制（○）一脉相承，都是为了加强思想文化统治

9.北魏孝文帝改革实行“均田令”的前提是：政府能够掌握和支配大量无主荒地 10.均田令限制土地买卖（内容）因而能够抑制土地兼并（作用）

1春秋 齐国“相地而衰征”○2北宋 王安石变法 “方田均11.中国古代按土地好坏征税：○输法”

1战国 秦国 商鞅变法 什伍制度○2北魏 孝文帝改革 三长制○3北12.中国古代控制人民：○宋 王安石变法 保甲法 13.穆罕默德·阿里改革引进西方先进的生产力，发展本民族的社会经济，但未能涉及对政治体制根本性改造 14.基督教分为天主教、东正教和新教，新教在中国一般称为基督教，路德宗是新教的一个重要派别 15.19世纪六七十年代欧洲改革的特点：资本主义制度同封建制度最终决战并战胜之 16.改革使俄国的生产关系一定程度上适应了生产力的发展，实现了生产方式由封建性向资本主义方式的过渡，是俄国历史的重大转折点

17.“二一九法令”实际上是妥协的产物。这次改革没有改变沙皇专制主义的本质

18.日本是亚洲第一个走向近代化道路的国家，也是第一个君主立宪制国家（1881《大日本帝国宪法》颁布）19.明治维新后，日本采取君主立宪制的形式，但实际上依然实行专制主义统治，藩阀（“武装倒幕”中的下级武士）以天皇的名义掌握着政权

20.早期维新思想（王韬 郑观应）与近代维新思潮（康有为 梁启超）最大的不同在于：早期维新思想为形成完整的理论体系

21.“公车上书”揭开了维新变法的序幕，此后，维新变法开始从理论走向政治实践 22.维新派与顽固势力的论战是中华民族资产阶级与封建地主阶级在思想上的首次交锋 23.1898.6光绪颁布“明定国是”诏书，标志戊戌变法的开始 24.维新运动是一场救亡图存的爱国运动，也是一场思想解放运动，还是一场资产阶级改良运动

易混易错选择题100例 篇3

１、人民民主专政的本质是公民当家作主。

2、选举权就是选举国家机关工作人员的权利。

3、享受权利才是人民当家作主的体现。

4、受教育程度越高的公民，享有公民的权利就越多。

5、公民享有的权利都是一样的。

6、公民应先履行义务，后享受权利。

7、村民委员会是村民民主管理村务的国家机关。

8、中国共产党能代替国家行使政府职能。

9、政府有管理经济的职能，所以政府可以直接干预经济活动。

10、政府要依法行政，提高依法行政水平，必须加强立法工作。政府属于立法机关。11．政府坚持依法执政，公正司法

12、有效制约和监督权力的关键是发挥人民民主对权力的制约和监督。

13、我国是人民当家作主的国家，所以人民能直接行使国家权力。

14、国务院可以制定行政法规，国务院也是立法机关。

15、建设社会主义政治文明，最根本的就是要坚持人民当家作主、依法治国和以德治国的有机统一。

16我国的民主是全民的民主。

17、政府是公共权力的所有者。

18、政治性是国家的根本属性。

19、对人民的民主是对少数敌对分子的专政的保障。20、权利和义务都是不能放弃的。

21、直接选举容易造成贿选。

22、公民可以通过人大代表联系群众制度参与民主决策。

23、居委会干部是官，是国家机关最基层的干部。

24、基层民主是公民参与管理国家和社会的基础和标志。

25、政府应该坚持以人为本，认真履行立法职能。

26、我国政府是便民利民、无所不能的政府。

27、政府是为公民服务的国家机关。

28、我国政府的宗旨是对人民负责。

29、政府应该坚持从群众中来到群众中去的工作态度。30、政府应该坚持依法执政，科学管理。

31、有效制约和监督权力的关键是加强对权力的监督。

32、民主制国家是不存在专政的、33、社会主义民主是国家生存与发展的政治基石。

34、直接选举毕间接选举好。

35、居委会是我国的基层政权机关。

36、政府可以选派社区干部。

37、中共中央宣传部发出《学习好、宣传好十八大精神的通知》是政府在履行组织社会主义文化建设的职能。

38、中国人民银行决定上调存款利率是政府在履行组织社会主义经济建设的职能。

39、政府的权利是人民赋予的、法律授予的。

40、政府依法行政的根本目的是树立政府的威信。

41、政府必须做到严格按照法律程序制定法律。

42、政府不断完善决策信息和智力支持系统，提高决策民主性。

43、中国国家预防腐败局的监督属于行政系统外部的监督。

44、人民民主专政是我国的政体，也是我国社会主义制度中最根本的制度。

45、迄今为止，属于剥削阶级统治的国家有奴隶制国家、封建制国家、资本主义国家和社会主义国家。

46、我们的全部政治生活，是以依法行使政治权利、履行政治性义务为基础和准则的。

47、依法行使政治权利、依法履行政治性义务，是我们政治生活的基本内容。

48、自己选举当家人，是村民自治的基础，也是村民参与民主管理的主要途径。

49、我国政府应该坚持为人民服务的工作作风。

易混易错选择题100例 篇4

1.资本主义世界市场开始形成、初步形成、最终形成的标志性事件分别是新航路开辟、第一次工业革命时期、第二次工业革命时期。

2.工业革命开始的标志是哈格里夫斯发明的珍妮纺纱机，而不是凯伊的飞梭，也不是瓦特的改良蒸汽机。

3.工业革命完成的标志不是大机器生产取代工场手工业，而是用机器制造机器。

4.资本主义的生产形式经历了手工工场、工厂、垄断组织三个阶段。手工工场是最早以雇佣的方式进行的手工生产，是向大 机器生产的过渡形式;工厂是以蒸汽机为主要动力的机械化生产;垄断组织则是以科技为先导、竞争联合为手段的电气化生产。

5.从特殊性来看，第一次工业革命开始于18世纪60年代、结束于19世纪40年代(英国);从普遍性来看，第一次工业革命则开始于18世纪末19世纪初、结束于19世纪中后期。

6.欧美国家的工业化是通过两次工业革命建立起来的，第一次工业革命实现了以轻工纺织为支柱的工业化，第二次工业革命实现了以重工石化为支柱的工业化。

各国经济体制的创新与调整

1.苏俄新经济政策和美国罗斯福新政中的“新”的表现：从理论方面来看，前者利用商品市场理念;后者利用国家干预经济的理论(凯恩斯主义)。从手段方面来看，前者利用商品货币关系发展社会主义;后者采用国家干预经济的措施发展资本主义。

2.罗斯福新政是“旧民主秩序的新应用”，实质是对资本主义生产关系的调整，并没有从根本上改变资本主义制度。

3.私人垄断资本主义形成于第二次工业革命时期生产和资本的高度集中;国家垄断资本主义是国家政权与私人垄断资本相结合的资本主义经济，主要特点是国家对经济的控制加强。

4.战后资本主义国家制订经济计划，但不是计划经济体制。

5.重商主义、自由主义和凯恩斯主义分别是工场手工业时期、自由资本主义时期和垄断资本主义时期的资本主义经济思想。重商主义主张发展工商业，鼓励对外贸易，多储备金银;自由主义主张自由经营、自由竞争、自由贸易;凯恩斯主义主张政府从信贷、投资、生产、销售等方面干预经济。

6.战时共产主义政策是苏俄在特定环境下采取的非常措施，适应了战时需要，是必要的。但作为直接向共产主义过渡的政策，是错误的;新经济政策利用市场和商品货币关系来促进生产力的发展，是一条向社会主义过渡的正确途径。

7.余粮收集制是适应战时需要而采取的非常措施，但超越了生产力发展水平;固定的粮食税减轻了农民负担，适应了生产力发展水平，遗憾的是很快就被取消了;农业集体化的实行，基本适应当时生产力发展水平，但措施不当，挫伤了农民的生产积极性，不利于农业经济的发展。

8.斯大林模式是苏联在进行社会主义建设中的探索和创新，在初期和二战时期曾发挥过积极作用;到了后期，因苏联领导人没有坚持实事求是的原则及时调整生产关系，该体制越来越阻碍生产力的发展。

9.战时共产主义政策和斯大林体制都排斥商品市场和价值规律的作用，日益阻碍经济的发展;新经济政策则利用商品市场的作用促进了经济的恢复和发展。

10.赫鲁晓夫改革、勃列日涅夫改革是对斯大林体制的局部调整;而戈尔巴乔夫改革则是对斯大林体制的彻底否定，即放弃社会主义制度。

11.赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫改革的侧重点不同，赫鲁晓夫改革重在农业，勃列日涅夫改革重在重工业。

12.东欧剧变、苏联解体只是斯大林模式的失败，而不是社会主义制度的失败。

二战后资本主义世界经济体系的形成与发展

1.二战后资本主义世界经济体系由货币体系即布雷顿森林体系(包括国际货币基金组织、世界银行)和多边贸易协定即《关税与贸易总协定》共同构成。

2.国际货币基金组织和世界银行都可以为成员国提供贷款，但有所不同。国际货币基金组织针对的是在国际收支出现暂时困难的国家，贷款是短期的;世界银行是全球性的发展援助，贷款是长期的。

3.1973年以美元为中心的资本主义世界货币体系解体，并不能说明美元已不是世界上最主要的国际货币，而是反映了美国经济霸主地位的动摇。

4.关贸总协定表面上看只是一项“协定”，但它实际上是一个“组织”，是一个关于关税和贸易准则的多边国际协定和组织，是世贸组织的前身;中国是关贸总协定的缔约国，才正式成为世贸组织的成员国。

5.欧洲共同体不是欧洲经济共同体的简称。欧洲经济一体化的起步是欧洲煤钢共同体，而不是欧洲共同体。欧洲经济一体化的根本原因不是美苏“冷战”的威胁，而是欧洲各国经济发展的需要。

6.欧洲共同体是西欧国家推行欧洲经济、政治一体化，并具有一定超国家机制和职能的国际组织;欧洲联盟是由欧洲共同体发展而来的，是一个集政治实体和经济实体于一身的区域一体化组织。

7.当今世界经济发展趋势是经济全球化而不是全球一体化，两者既有联系又有区别，而不是同一概念的两种说法。

8.经济全球化的最大受益者是发达国家，而不是发展中国家。这是因为经济全球化是发达国家主导的。相比之下，发达国家在资本、技术、市场和经营管理方面占绝对优势。

中国古代的传统思想

1.老子是道家学派的创始人，但不是道教的创始人，道教兴起于东汉。

2.孔子的德治思想是为奴隶主阶级服务的;孟子的“仁政”思想则是为新兴地主阶级服务的;墨家的思想是从小生产者的利益出发的。

3.孟子的“仁政”不是对孔子“仁”的简单继承，从纵向来说，孟子的政治思想是对孔子“为政以德”思想的继承与发展。孔子的“仁”是一种含义极广的伦理道德观念，其最基本的精神是“爱人”。孟子从孔子的“仁学”思想出发，把它扩充发展成包括思想、政治、经济、文化等各个方面在内的施政纲领，即“仁政”。

4.“民贵君轻”观点是孟子提出的;“君舟民水”观点是荀子提出的。

5.“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”并不意味着仅仅是儒家思想得到继承与发扬，而且还吸收了法家、道家、阴阳五行家等各家思想。

6.陆王心学也是理学，但与程朱理学相比有明显的不同。

(1)从哲学观上看，程朱理学坚持“性即理”的根本观念，建立起一套以“理”为本体、以“穷理尽性”为方法的理学体系，属客观唯心主义;陆王心学则坚持“心即理”的根本观念，建立了一套以“心”(道德仁心)或“良知”为本体、以“发明本心”或“致良知”为方法的心学体系，属主观唯心主义。

(2)从道德主张上看，理学主张人应以外在的天理为行为规范;而心学则主张应以“内心”的自修、自省达到良知，从而为善。

7.黄宗羲反对君主专制，针对的仅仅是个别残暴的“恶”君，“天下为主，君为客”的主张并不能真正体现“主权在民”的观念，他的思想本质上还是封建传统的民本思想;他所倡导的法治主要是一系列的统治方法，而不是法治统治的一系列基本原则。

近代中国思想解放的潮流与思想理论成果

1.林则徐是近代中国“开眼看世界的第一人”，但他对西方的了解并不深入，只是开研究、学习西方之先河。

2.抵抗派和洋务派同属于地主阶级的政治派别，但两者目的的侧重点不同。抵抗派主张“师夷长技以制夷”，主要是抵抗外来侵略;而洋务派主张“师夷长技以自强”，主要是镇压人民的反抗斗争。

3.康有为借用孔子的权威来宣传变法，新文化运动则喊出“打倒孔家店”，但二者的本质都是在宣传资产阶级思想文化。

4.维新派与洋务派在学习西方问题上不尽相同，主要差别在于是否学习西方的政治制度，差别的根源在于所代表的阶级利益不同。

5.维新派、改良派、革命派三者都属于资产阶级的政治派别，但具体的主张并不同。维新派、改良派都要求保留清王朝，实行君主立宪制;而革命派则要求推翻清王朝，建立资产阶级的民主共和制度;维新派、改良派反对用革命的手段和方式，革命派坚持用武装起义的手段。

6.新文化运动三大内容之间的关系：民主与科学是新文化运动前期的指导思想，新道德是民主与科学的前提，新文学是民主与科学思想的传播载体。

7.五四前的新文化运动是旧资产阶级民主主义的文化运动，五四以后的新文化运动是新的资产阶级民主主义的文化运动。

8.欧洲文艺复兴借助希腊、罗马古典文化，宣传资产阶级文化;中国的新文化运动则全盘否定传统文化，批判儒家思想，宣传西方资产阶级文化。

9.三民主义思想并不是完美的，而是有其局限性。民族主义未明确提出反帝主张，民权主义未将整个地主阶级作为革命对象，民生主义未解决农民的土地问题。

10.新三民主义与“三大政策”：新三民主义是革命纲领、具体的奋斗目标;“三大政策”是指导思想、方法、途径和具体方针。“三大政策”是新三民主义的标志、灵魂;新三民主义充分体现出“三大政策”的精神;“三大政策”是新三民主义的实质内容，是孙中山民主革命思想的升华。

11.毛泽东思想不能等同于毛泽东的思想。毛泽东思想是一个科学的思想体系，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶，而毛泽东的思想是毛泽东个人的思想。毛泽东个人的正确思想属于毛泽东思想的范畴，但是他的错误思想不属于毛泽东思想的范畴。

12.四大理论成果解决的问题不同：三民主义重点解决“要不要革命、要不要民主”的问题;毛泽东思想重点解决“革命的任务是什么，怎样进行革命”的问题;邓小平理论重点解决“什么是社会主义，如何建设社会主义”的问题;“三个代表”重要思想重点解决“建设一个什么样的党，怎样建设党”的问题。

西方人文精神的兴起与发展

1.人文主义精神发源于公元前5世纪的古代希腊(智者学派是滥觞);近代人文主义复兴于14、15世纪的意大利;宗教改革运动开始于16世纪分裂割据时期的德意志;启蒙运动发源于17世纪资本主义最为发达的英国。

2.古希腊的人文主义侧重于哲学领域，文艺复兴时期的人文主义侧重于文艺领域，宗教改革运动时期的人文主义侧重于宗教领域，启蒙运动时期的人文主义侧重于政治领域。

3.文艺复兴与宗教改革反对的是封建的教会与宗教思想，并不是放弃

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4.分权学说是英国的启蒙思想家洛克最早提出的，孟德斯鸠加以发展与完善;社会契约论是英国的启蒙思想家霍布斯最早提出的，卢梭不但研究了社会契约论，并在此基础上提出了更为激进的人民主权说。

近代以来世界科学发展历程和世界文学艺术

1.伽利略的杰出成就为牛顿经典力学的创立奠定了基础，标志着物理学的真正开端;牛顿力学体系的建立标志着近代科学的形成。

2.爱因斯坦的相对论是对牛顿力学的概括，而不是否定。爱因斯坦的相对论只否定了牛顿的绝对时空观。牛顿力学是相对论力学在低速状态下的一个特例。

3.牛顿力学体系是人类对自然规律第一次进行的理论性概括和总结;相对论深刻地揭示了时间和空间的本质属性;量子论使人类对客观规律的认识从宏观世界深入到了微观世界。

4.蒸汽机的发明推动了第一次工业革命的开展，人类社会进入蒸汽时代;发电机和其他电力技术发明的出现，促进了第二次工业革命的到来，人类社会进入电气时代;以互联网为代表的信息技术迅速发展，极大地改变了人们的生活，人类社会进入信息时代。

5.欧美的现实主义和现代主义是两个不同的文学艺术流派。现实主义流派的特点是真实反映现实，揭露和批判现实;现代主义流派的特点是反传统、反理性，重视主观感受和表现形式。

现代中国的文化教育与科技

1.改革开放后水稻产量的提高，主要靠的是科技，其次才是政策。

2.“百花齐放”是指文学艺术的不同形式和风格，可以自由发展;“百家争鸣”指科学上的不同派别，可以自由争论。其实质是在坚持党的领导和社会主义前提下，承认社会主义文化的多层和多样性格局。

3.“两种教育制度”是两类形式不同的教育制度，不是性质不同的新旧教育制度。刘少奇倡导的“两种教育制度”是全日制学校和半工半读学校两种教学形式不同的教育制度，它们都是为推动教育方针的实施而实行的，都属于社会主义性质的教育。

4.“教育革命”不具有进步意义而是失误：

5.“科学技术是生产力”是马克思最早提出的，不是邓小平提出的。邓小平最早提出的是“科学技术是第一生产力”，这是对马克思主义这一论断的丰富和发展。