六级必考必备作文

六级必考必备作文（精选4篇）

六级必考必备作文 篇1

1.People aren’t against you;they are for themselves.人们并不是针对你，他们只是为了他们自己。

2.Climb mountains not so the world can see you, but so you can see the world.爬上山顶并不是为了让全世界看到你，而是让你看到整个世界。

3.You learn more from failure than from success;don’t let it stop you.Failure builds character.你从失败中学到的要比从成功中学到的多，不要让失败阻止你前行的道路。失败帮助成就性格。

4.The most dangerous risk of all – The risk of spending your life not doing what you want on the bet you can buy yourself the freedom to do it later.最危险的冒险就是：你一生把赌注都押在做你不想做的事情上，想着自己以后会有空做自己想做的事。

5.Go where you’re celebrated, not where you’re tolerated.走进赞美你的人群，不要留在只是容忍你的圈子里。

6.The person that you will spend the most time with in your life is yourself, so you better try to make yourself as interesting as possible.一生中大部分的时间我们都是和自己打交道，所以你要尽量让自己变得有趣一些。7.If you accept your limitations you go beyond them.了解你自己的局限性，并克服它。

8.People often say that motivation doesn’t last.Well, neither does bathing..that’s why we recommend it daily.人们总说奋斗的动力不会长久。同样洗澡的效果也不会很久是，所以我们会建议每天都做，不管是洗澡还是给自己动力。

9.Everyone you meet is afraid of something, loves something, and has lost something.每个人都会害怕一些事，热爱一些事物，同时也失去过一些东西。

10.Comfort is the enemy of achievement.安逸是成就的敌人。

六级必考必备作文 篇2

152. gossip n./ v. 流言; 说长道短> Gossips are like rumors.

153. grief n. 悲伤 =sorrow 154. hamper v. 妨碍=hinder> Rescue work was hampered by the heavy rain.

155. handicap n./v. 缺陷，残疾; 妨碍>He survived the accident, but has a ~ now.

156. haul a. (用力) 拖;(用车)托运

157. haunt v. 萦绕于心 He was ~ed by the terrible scene.

158. hinder v. 阻碍 No difficulties can ~ me.

159. hoist v. 升起, 吊起

160. homogeneous a. 同质的 >The population of Japan is ~.

161. hospitality n. 好客

162. immerse v. 沉浸于 She ~d herself in English.

163. implicit a. 内含的;含蓄的> If it is ~, it is implied.

164. impulse n. 冲动

165. incidence a. 发生率

166. indignant a. 愤怒的

167. infectious a. 传染的

168. ingenious a. (人)灵巧的; (设计等)巧妙的 ~ handicraftsman

169. inherent a. 固有的 the ~ defects of planned-economy

170. initiate v. 开始;发起 ~ a new plan

171. integral a. 构成整体所必须的;不可缺的 Rice is an ~ part of Chinese diet.

172. intelligible a. 明白易懂的

173. intensify v. 加剧 The noise intensified.

174. intermittent a. 断断续续 the ~ rain showers

175. intimidate v. 恐吓 176. intricate a. 错综复杂的

177. intrinsic a. 固有的 ~ value

178. intuition n. 直觉 Your ~ is your sixth sense.

179. invalid a. 无效的 an ~ license 180. invariably ad. 不变地; 始终

181. irritate v. 使恼怒 =annoy

182. jeopardize v. 危及=endanger>You ~ your job by being late often.

183. junk n. 废物 ~ food

184. kidnap v. 绑架

185. legend n. 传奇

186. legitimate a. 合法的 =legal/lawful

187. liability n. 责任;=legal obligation不利条件=drawback

188. literacy n. 读写能力

189. literally ad. 逐字地; 确实地

190. litter v. 乱扔 No littering!

191. magnify v. 放大，扩大> ~ the photo

192. manifest v. 显示，表明The illness ~s itself with a high fever.

193. marginal a. 微小的

194. masculine a. 男性的

195. mediate v. 调解 He ~d in a salary dispute between the union and the management. 196. merge a. 合并

197. migrate v. 迁徙; 移居> seasons

198. mingle v 混合

199. mobilize v. 动员

新题型六级写作必备和句型 篇3

To my point of view 我认为

To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks

（disadvantages, shortcomings）

我认为，优点胜过缺点。

For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that..就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点________________。

As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。

After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that…

经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即

________________________。

If asked to make a decision, I would prefer…

如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿____________。

Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view..比较两种观点进行比较，我较同意后一种观点，亦即

_________________。

When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to …

对两种观点进行综合考虑之后，我较认同_________________。

If it is up to me to make a choice between … and … I would rather choose … over…

如果要我在____和____之间进行选择，我宁愿选择_____而不会选择______。

I would have to say that, if I were faced with the decision, I would follow ….我需要说的是，如果要我抉择，我会____________。

At the risk of sounding too direct , I prefer to…

虽然可能过于直接，不过，我还是选择____________。

表达不确定的用词：May, seem, be likely to, possible, probably, perhaps, be said that, be said to…

in my mind , the following factors/reasons/causes need to be taken into consideration.我认为，我们需要考虑下列因素/原因：

There are several reasons for this phenomenon/why…-(as follows).造成这种现象的原因如下：

And I would like to present two explanations for this:

对于此，我有如下两点愚见：

展现问题(5)

The reasons are chiefly as follows.主要原因如下：

There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.为什么___________，原因很多，在此列举几个较为重要的原因。

The reasons are presented below.原因如下。

There are three premier(主要的)/best/ most important, largest, significant, obvious, crucial causes as follows.以下这些是造成这一问题的最主要/最好/最重要/最大/最有意义/明显/至关重要的原因。

This is based on the propensity(倾向，原因)of following points.这基于以下的原因。

The main reason is that..主要原因是_____________。

One very important argument for …..is that…._______的非常重要的原因便是____________________。

The reasons are quite clear.Above all, ….原因非常清楚。首先（首要的是）__________。

书信作文(1)

书信作文套句

Dear Sir or Madam

Mr.Mrs.Miss.Ms.Yours sincerely, yours truthfully,Love,Yours affectionately,书信作文常用套句

开头部分

1：The time flies, we haven’t seen each other for a long time.All the things here are going on pretty well, I just miss you so much!

时间过得很快，我们已经很久没见了。这里一切都好，就是很想你。

2：It is so great to hear from you again.能再次收到你的来信我很开心。

3：Long time no see!好久不见。

4：I trust that everything is going smoothly for you.我相信你那里一切都好。

5：It is a great pleasure for me to have this wonderful chance to put pen to paper and send greetings to you.很高兴我有这样的机会提笔给你写信，寄给你我的问候和祝福。

中间部分：

Give advice:

In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following action:

在下认为，如果你能采取以下措施，将是一种明智的选择。

I hope you will not find it too forward for me to suggest that you…

请原谅我的直接，不过，希望你能___________。

In my experience, it seems that _______ would make sense in your situation.从我的经验来看，针对你的情况，似乎________会有帮助。

At the risk of overstepping my boundaries, allow me to suggest that you____。

请原谅我的冒昧，不过我建议你_____________。

书信作文(2)

Gratitude

I truly appreciate your kindness.我很欣赏你的仁慈。

I am grateful to you for…

非常感谢你_________________-。

I appreciate it more than I can say.我对你表示万分感谢。

I can never thank you enough.万分感谢。

I wish there were a better word than “ thanks “ to express my appreciation for your generous help.其实，对你的帮助岂能用“谢谢”儿子可以表达的。

It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.你对我如此慷慨，真是对您感激不尽。

Many thanks for your kindness and hospitality.非常感谢你的仁慈和好客。

Now we have arrived back home safe and sound.现在我已经安全到家。

Thank you from the bottom of my heart for…

我打从心底谢谢你（真诚地感谢你）。

Thank you again for your kindness.谢谢你的好意。

Apology

Please accept my sincerest and deepest apology.请接受我最诚挚、最深刻的道歉。

I apologize most sincerely for…

六级必考必备作文 篇4

乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧

2009年12月大学英语六级考试真题

Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班

2.对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成3.我认为……

Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Bosses Say “Yes” to Home Work

Rising costs of office space, time lost to stressful commuting, and a slow recognition that workers have lives beyond the office—all are strong arguments for letting staff work from home.For the small business, there are additional benefits too—staff are more productive, and happier, enabling firms to keep their headcounts(员工数)and their recruitment costs to a minimum.It can also provide competitive advantage, especially when small businesses want to attract new staff but don’t have the budget to offer huge salaries.While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, sceptical of whether they could trust their employees to work to full capacity without supervision, or concerned about the additional expenses teleworking policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business.Yet this is now changing.When communications provider Inter-Tel researched the use of remote working solutions among small-and-medium-sized UK businesses in April this year, it found that 28% more companies claimed to have introduced flexible working practices than a year ago.The UK network of Business Links confirms that it too has seen a growing interest in remote working solutions from small businesses seeking its advice, and claims that as many as 60-70% of the businesses that come through its doors now offer some form of remote working support to their workforces.Technology advances, including the widespread availability of broadband, are making the introduction of remote working a piece of cake.“If systems are set up properly, staff can have access to all the resources they have in the office wherever they have an internet connection,” says Andy Poulton, e-business advisor at Business Link for Berkshire and Wiltshire.“There are some very exciting developments which have enabled this.” One is the availability of broadband everywhere, which now covers almost all of the country(BT claims that, by July, 99.8% of its exchanges will be broadband enabled, with alternative plans in place for even the most remote exchanges).“This is the enabler,” Poulton says.Yet while broadband has come down in price too, those service providers targeting the business market warn against consumer services masquerading(伪装)as business-friendly broadband.“Broadband is available for as little as ￡15 a month, but many businesses fail to appreciate the hidden costs of such a service,” says Neil Stephenson, sales and marketing director at Onyx Internet, an internet service provider based in the north-east of England.“Providers offering broadband for rock-bottom prices are notorious for poor service, with regular breakdowns and heavily congested(拥堵的)networks.It is always advisable for businesses to look beyond the price tag and look for a business-only provider that can offer more reliability, with good support.” Such services don’t cost too much—quality services can be found for upwards of ￡30 a month.The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker are that they can access email in real time, and take full advantage of services such as internet-based backup or even internet-based phone services.Internet-based telecoms, or VoIP(Voice over IP)to give it its technical title, is an interesting tool to any business supporting remote working.Not necessarily because of the promise of free or reduced price phone calls(which experts point out is misleading for the average business), but because of the sophisticated voice services that can be exploited by the remote worker—facilities such as voicemail and call forwarding, which provide a continuity of the company image for customers and business partners.By law, companies must “consider seriously” requests to work flexibly made by a parent with a child under the age of six, or a disabled child under 18.It was the need to accommodate employees with young children that motivated accountancy firm Wright Vigar to begin promoting teleworking recently.The company, which needed to upgrade its IT infrastructure(基础设施)to provide connectivity with a new, second office, decided to introduce support for remote working at the same time.Marketing director Jack O’Hern explains that the company has a relatively young workforce, many of whom are parents: “One of the triggers was when one of our tax managers returned from maternity leave.She was intending to work part time, but could only manage one day a week in the office due to childcare.By offering her the ability to work from home, we have doubled her capacity—now she works a day a week from home, and a day in the office.This is great for her, and for us as we retain someone highly qualified.” For Wright Vigar, which has now equipped all of its fee-earners to be able to work at maximum productivity when away from the offices(whether that’s from home, or while on the road), this strategy is not just about saving on commute time or cutting them loose from the office, but enabling them to work more flexible hours that fit around their home life.O’Hern says: “Although most of our work is client-based and must fit around this, we can’t see any reason why a parent can’t be on hand to deal with something important at home, if they have the ability to complete a project later in the day.” Supporting this new way of working came with a price, though.Although the firm was updating its systems anyway, the company spent 10-15% more per user to equip them with a laptop rather than a PC, and about the same to upgrade to a server that would enable remote staff to connect to the company networks and access all their usual resources.Although Wright Vigar hasn’t yet quantified the business benefits, it claims that, in addition to being able to retain key staff with young families, it is able to save fee-earners a substantial amount of “dead” time in their working days.That staff can do this without needing a fixed telephone line provides even more efficiency savings.“With Wi-Fi(fast, wireless internet connections)popping up all over the place, even on trains, our fee-earners can be productive as they travel, and between meetings, instead of having to kill time at the shops,” he adds.The company will also be able to avoid the expense of having to relocate staff to temporary offices for several weeks when it begins disruptive office renovations soon.Financial recruitment specialist Lynne Hargreaves knows exactly how much her firm has saved by adopting a teleworking strategy, which has involved handing her company’s data management over to a remote hosting company, Datanet, so it can be accessible by all the company’s consultants over broadband internet connections.It has enabled the company to dispense with its business premises altogether, following the realisation that it just didn’t need them any more.“The main motivation behind adopting home working was to increase my own productivity, as a single mum to an 11-year-old,” says Hargreaves.“But I soon realised that, as most of our business is done on the phone, email and at off-site meetings, we didn’t need our offices at all.We’re now saving ￡16,000 a year on rent, plus the cost of utilities, not to mention what would have been spent on commuting.”

1.What is the main topic of this passage? A)How business managers view hi-tech.B)Relations between employers and employees.C)How to cut down the costs of small businesses.D)Benefits of the practice of teleworking.2.From the research conducted by the communications provider Inter-Tel, we learn that.A)more employees work to full capacity at home

B)employees show a growing interest in small businesses C)more businesses have adopted remote working solutions D)attitudes toward IT technology have changed

3.What development has made flexible working practices possible according to Andy Poulton? A)Reduced cost of telecommunications.B)Improved reliability of internet service.C)Availability of the VoIP service.D)Access to broadband everywhere.4.What is Neil Stephenson’s advice to firms contracting internet services? A)They look for reliable business-only providers.B)They contact providers located nearest to them.C)They carefully examine the contract.D)They contract the cheapest provider.5.Internet-based telecoms facilitates remote working by __________.A)offering sophisticated voice services B)giving access to emailing in real time

C)helping clients discuss business at home D)providing calls completely free of charge

6.The accountancy firm Wright Vigar promoted teleworking initially in order to __________.A)present a positive image to prospective customers B)support its employees with children to take care of C)attract young people with IT expertise to work for it D)reduce operational expenses of a second office

7.According to marketing director Jack O’Hern, teleworking enabled the company to __________.A)enhance its market image B)reduce recruitment costs C)keep highly qualified staff D)minimise its office space

8.Wright Vigar’s practice of allowing for more flexible working hours not only benefits the company but helps improve employees’.9.With fast, wireless internet connections, employees can still be __________ while traveling.10.Single mother Lynne Hargreaves decided to work at home mainly to __________.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A)They would rather travel around than stay at home.B)They prefer to carry cash when traveling abroad.C)They usually carry many things around with them.D)They don’t like to spend much money on traveling.12.A)The selection process was a little unfair.B)He had long dreamed of the dean’s position.C)Rod was eliminated in the selection process.D)Rod was in charge of the admissions office.13.A)Applause encourages the singer.B)She regrets paying for the concert.C)Almost everyone loves pop music.D)The concert is very impressive.14.A)They have known each other since their schooldays.B)They were both chairpersons of the Students’ Union.C)They have been in close touch by email.D)They are going to hold a reunion party.15.A)Cook their dinner.B)Rest for a while.C)Get their car fixed.D)Stop for the night.16.A)Newly-launched products.B)Consumer preferences.C)Survey results.D)Survey methods.17.A)He would rather the woman didn’t buy the blouse.B)The woman needs blouses in the colors of a rainbow.C)The information in the catalog is not always reliable.D)He thinks the blue blouse is better than the red one.18.A)The course is open to all next semester.B)The notice may not be reliable.C)The woman has not told the truth.D)He will drop his course in marketing.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)A director of a sales department.B)A manager at a computer store.C)A sales clerk at a shopping center.D)An accountant of a computer firm.20.A)Handling customer complaints.B)Recruiting and training new staff.C)Dispatching ordered goods on time.D)Developing computer programs.21.A)She likes something more challenging.B)She likes to be nearer to her parents.C)She wants to have a better-paid job.D)She wants to be with her husband.22.A)Right away.B)In two months.C)Early next month.D)In a couple of days.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A)It will face challenges unprecedented in its history.B)It is a resolute advocate of the anti-global movement.C)It is bound to regain its full glory of a hundred years ago.D)It will be a major economic power by the mid-21st century.24.A)The lack of overall urban planning.B)The huge gap between the haves and have-nots.C)The inadequate supply of water and electricity.D)The shortage of hi-tech personnel.25.A)They attach great importance to education.B)They are able to grasp growth opportunities.C)They are good at learning from other nations.D)They have made use of advanced technologies.Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A)She taught chemistry and microbiology courses in a college.B)She gave lectures on how to become a public speaker.C)She helped families move away from industrial polluters.D)She engaged in field research on environmental pollution.27.A)The job restricted her from revealing her findings.B)The job posed a potential threat to her health.C)She found the working conditions frustrating.D)She was offered a better job in a minority community.28.A)Some giant industrial polluters have gone out of business.B)More environmental organizations have appeared.C)Many toxic sites in America have been cleaned up.D)More branches of her company have been set up.29.A)Her widespread influence among members of Congress.B)Her ability to communicate through public speaking.C)Her rigorous training in delivering eloquent speeches.D)Her lifelong commitment to domestic and global issues.Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A)The fierce competition in the market.B)The growing necessity of staff training.C)The accelerated pace of globalisation.D)The urgent need of a diverse workforce.31.A)Gain a deep understanding of their own culture.B)Take courses of foreign languages and cultures.C)Share the experiences of people from other cultures.D)Participate in international exchange programmes.32.A)Reflective thinking is becoming critical.B)Labor market is getting globalised.C)Knowing a foreign language is essential.D)Globalisation will eliminate many jobs.Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A)Red-haired women were regarded as more reliable.B)Brown-haired women were rated as more capable.C)Golden-haired women were considered attractive.D)Black-haired women were judged to be intelligent.34.A)They are smart and eloquent.B)They are ambitious and arrogant.C)They are shrewd and dishonest.D)They are wealthy and industrious.35.A)They force people to follow the cultural mainstream.B)They exaggerate the roles of certain groups of people.C)They emphasize diversity at the expense of uniformity.D)They hinder our perception of individual differences.Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The ancient Greeks developed basic memory systems called mnemonics.The name is 36 from their Goddess of memory “Mnemosyne”.In the ancient world, a trained memory was an 37 asset, particularly in public life.There were no 38 devices for taking notes, and early Greek orators(演说家)delivered long speeches with great 39 because they learned the speeches using mnemonic systems.The Greeks discovered that human memory is 40 an associative process—that it works by linking things together.For example, think of an apple.The 41your brain registers the word “apple”, it 42 the shape, color, taste, smell and 43 of that fruit.All these things are associated in your memory with the word “apple”.44.An example could be when you think about a lecture you have had.This could trigger a memory about what you’re talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory.45.An example given on a website I was looking at follows: Do you remember the shape of Austria, Canada, Belgium, or Germany? Probably not.What about Italy, though? 46.You made an association with something already known, the shape of a boot, and Italy’s shape could not be forgotten once you had made the association.PartⅣ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Many countries have made it illegal to chat into a hand-held mobile phone while driving.But the latest research further confirms that the danger lies less in what a motorist’s hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain.Even using a “hands-free” device can divert a driver’s attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick, and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers

had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving.One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation using a speakerphone.As Kunar and Horowitz report, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not.That, they calculate, would add 5.7 metres to the braking distance of a car travelling at 100kph.They also found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83% more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.To try to understand more about why this was, they tried two further tests.In one, members of a group were asked simply to repeat words spoken by the caller.In the other, they had to think of a word that began with the last letter of the word they had just heard.Those only repeating words performed the same as those with no distraction, but those with the more complicated task showed even worse reaction times—an average of 480 milliseconds extra delay.This shows that when people have to consider the information they hear carefully, it can impair their driving ability significantly.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car.Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer.Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls.47.Carrying on a mobile phone conversation while one is driving is considered dangerous because it seriously distracts.48.In the experiments, the two groups of volunteers were asked to handle a series of moving tasks which were considered.49.Results of the experiments show that those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call tookto react than those who were not.50.Further experiments reveal that participants tend to respond with extra delay if they are required to do.51.The author believes persuasion, rather than , might be the only way to stop people from using mobile phones while driving.Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type.So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley, Calif., as being among the worst in the country.The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%.Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experiments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.This in a city that requires school cafeterias to serve organic meals.Great, I thought, organic lunch, toxic campus.Since December, when the report came out, the mayor, neighborhood activists（活跃分子）and various parent-teacher associations have engaged in a fierce battle over its validity: over the guilt of the steel-casting factory on the western edge of town, over union jobs versus children’s health and over what, if anything, ought to be done.With all sides presenting their own experts armed with conflicting scientific studies, whom should parents believe? Is there truly a threat here, we asked one another as we dropped off our kids, and if so, how great is it? And how does it compare with the other, seemingly perpetual health scares we confront, like panic over lead in synthetic athletic fields? Rather than just another weird episode in the town that brought you protesting environmentalists, this latest drama is a trial for how today’s parents perceive risk, how we try to keep our kids safe—whether it’s possible to keep them safe—in what feels like an increasingly threatening world.It raises the question of what, in our time, “safe” could even mean.“There’s no way around the uncertainty,” says Kimberly Thompson, president of Kid Risk, a nonprofit group that studies children’s health.“That means your choices can matter, but it also means you aren’t going to know if they do.” A 2004 report in the journal Pediatrics explained that nervous parents have more to fear from fire, car accidents and drowning than from toxic chemical exposure.To which I say: Well, obviously.But such concrete hazards are beside the point.It’s the dangers parents can’t—and may never—quantify that occur all of sudden.That’s why I’ve rid my cupboard of microwave food packed in bags coated with a potential cancer-causing substance, but although I’ve lived blocks from a major fault line(地质断层)for more than 12 years, I still haven’t bolted our bookcases to the living room wall.52.What does a recent investigation by USA Today reveal?

A)Heavy metals in lab tests threaten children’s health in Berkeley.B)Berkeley residents are quite contented with their surroundings.C)The air quality around Berkeley’s school campuses is poor.D)Parents in Berkeley are over-sensitive to cancer risks their kids face.53.What response did USA Today’s report draw? A)A heated debate.B)Popular support.C)Widespread panic.D)Strong criticism.54.How did parents feel in the face of the experts’ studies? A)They felt very much relieved.B)They were frightened by the evidence.C)They didn’t know who to believe.D)They weren’t convinced of the results.55.What is the view of the 2004 report in the journal Pediatrics? A)It is important to quantify various concrete hazards.B)Daily accidents pose a more serious threat to children.C)Parents should be aware of children’s health hazards.D)Attention should be paid to toxic chemical exposure.56.Of the dangers in everyday life, the author thinks that people have most to fear from __________.A)the uncertain B)the quantifiable C)an earthquakeD)unhealthy food

Passage Two

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system.Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost.The U.S.takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year.Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care.Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid.Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service.The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed(返还费用).Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures.A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease.Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario.They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care.The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S.medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%.This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?

It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system.Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally(最佳地)managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine.Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever.Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare.Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?

57.The author’s chief concern about the current U.S.health care system is __________.A)the inadequate training of physicians B)the declining number of doctors

C)the shrinking primary care resources D)the ever-rising health care costs

58.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that __________.A)the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B)seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C)visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health D)the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better

59.Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to __________.A)increase their income by working overtime B)improve their expertise and service C)make various deals with specialists

D)see more patients at the expense of quality

60.Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career? A)They find the need for primary care declining.B)The current system works against primary care.C)Primary care physicians command less respect.D)They think working in emergency rooms tedious.61.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A)Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.B)Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C)Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D)Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.Part V Cloze(5 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D)on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.McDonald’s, Greggs, KFC and Subway are today named as the

the impact of litter on communities，78 it

most littered brands in England as Keep Britain Tidy called on fast-food

companies to do more to tackle customers who drop their wrappers and was “still down to the 79 customer to drinks cartons(盒子)in the streets.dispose of their litter responsibly”.Greggs said it

Phil Barton, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy, 62 its recognised the “continuing challenge for us all”, new Dirty Pig campaign, said it was the first time it had investigated 80 having already taken measures to help which 63 made up “littered England” and the same names appeared again and again.62.A)elevating B)convening C)launching D)projecting 63.A)signals B)signs C)commercials D)brands

the issue.64.A)condemn C)uncover 65.A)around

“We 64 litterers for dropping this fast food litter65 the C)in D)off

first place but also believe the results have pertinent(相关的)messages 66.A)industry

C)profession

for the fast food 66.Mc-Donald’s, Greggs, KFC and Subway 67.A)exclude

C)suppress

need to do more to 67 littering by their customers.” 68.A)incorporating

C)comprising

He recognised efforts made by McDonald’s, 68 placing

69.A)unreliable

litter bins and increasing litter patrols, but its litter remained “all too C)unimportant prevalent”.All fast food chains should reduce 69 packaging, he 70.A)for

C)with

added.Companies could also reduce prices 70 those who stayed 71.A)accessories

C)incentives

to eat food on their premises, offer money-off vouchers(代金券)or 72.A)curious other 71 for those who returned packaging and put more bins at C)strange

73.A)narrator

points in local streets, not just outside their premises.A C)mediator

74.A)in season

for McDonald’s said: “We do our best.Obviously we ask all C)off hand

our customers to dispose of litter responsibly.” Trials of more extensive, 75.A)responsibility

C)commission

all-day litter patrols were 74 in Manchester and Birmingham.76.A)around

KFC said it took its 75 on litter management “very C)on D)above

77.A)divert

seriously”, and would introduce a programme to reduce packaging C)degrade 76 many products.Subway said that it worked hard to 77 78.A)if

C)so D)but

79.A)individual

B)refute D)disregard B)toward B)career D)vocation B)discourage D)retreat B)including D)containing B)unrelated D)unnecessary B)about D)to B)merits D)dividends B)mysterious D)strategic B)spokesman D)broker B)at risk D)under way B)liability

D)administration B)by B)minimize D)suspend B)whether B)concrete

C)unique

80.A)except C)despite D)respective B)without D)via

81.A)deal C)cope

B)tackle

D)dispose

PartⅥ Translation(5 minutes)