考研英语完形填空试题及答案

考研英语完形填空试题及答案（通用7篇）

考研英语完形填空试题及答案 篇1

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) this is largely because, (2) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3) to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5), we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7) human smells even when these are (8) to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) to it often enough.

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (14) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) new receptors if necessary. This may (16) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells―we simply do not need to be. We are not (17) of the usual smell of our own house, but we (18) new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

1.[A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while

2.[A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides

3.[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined

4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking

5.[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore

6.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if

7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting

8.[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused

9.[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas

10.[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical

11.[A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses

12.[A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times

13.[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed

14.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient

15.[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create

16.[A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless

17.[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired

18.[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice

19.[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable

20.[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from

答案：Section I: Use of English (10 points)

1. [C] 2. [B] 3. [A] 4. [C] 5. [B] 6. [A] 7. [D] 8. [A] 9. [D] 10.[B] 11.[C] 12.[A] 13.[D] 14.[C] 15.[D] 16.[B] 17.[C] 18.[D] 19.[A] 20.[B]

考研英语完形填空试题及答案 篇2

完形填空一般具有以下特点: (1) 文章结构严谨, 层次分明, 充分考查考生对事物判断的逻辑能力。完形填空一般是从交代背景开始, 依次推进, 直到高潮, 而后结局, 环环相扣, 条理十分清楚。 (2) 文体由单一化向多样化转变, 充分考查考生对事物的应变能力。近几年出现了故事、新闻报道、应用文、夹叙夹议的文体等, 突破了单一的叙述文体。 (3) 从选择最佳答案中, 增加词义辨析来考查考生灵活运用的能力。 (4) 以单词填空为主, 短语整体填空为辅。 (5) 备选答案的单词多以实词为主, 虚词为辅, 而虚词又以连词为主。

分析近几年的高考试题, 完形填空正朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展, 语言运用和情景交际融为一体。因此, 在备考以及平时的学习中, 要加强语言的实际功用, 而不能一味以语法为中心, 脱离语言的实际作用, 同时还要注重各种文体的阅读。根据完形填空的特点, 学生在应试完形填空题型的过程中, 可以从以下方面入手:

一、略读全文, 掌握大意

略读即快速地读, 以了解文章内容、结构为目的。完形填空首先是测试理解能力, 所有的题目只有在比较准确地理解短文意思、了解其文章结构和句子结构后, 才能有把握去选填。很多考生在考试时为了节省时间, 边读边选, 这样做是十分容易出错的。因为边读边选会一再打断阅读理解的整体连贯性, 不易统揽全文, 理清文章的脉络。边读边选还很有可能造成断章取义, 一空填错, 后面都跟着填错。较好的办法还是先花1分钟~2分钟把文章略读一下。注意:快读的目的是读懂, 只快不懂或似懂非懂, 走个过场, 那只是浪费时间和精力。考生要根据文章内容和自己的情况, 调整自己的心中有数。

完形填空短文的第一句通常不设空。这便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。第一句也常直接点明主题内容, 是设置语境的框架性句子。通读全文时, 不要拘泥于一词一义的理解。对个别不理解的单词、短语, 只要不影响理解就可以不管它。

二、瞻前顾后, 谨慎选择

文章既明, 就开始选择。完形填空的每个空格究竟该选择哪个选项才恰当, 取决于以下几个方面:第一, 语境。语境即上下文。它包括选择项与所在句子中的语意联系, 所在句与周围语句的意义上的关系, 所在句在本段中所起的作用, 所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章内容主线的关系。有些选择项根据上下句就能比较容易地做出判断, 而有些选择项就必须根据整篇文章的大意才能推出。第二, 语法知识。从语言环境角度筛选后, 不能得出最佳答案, 还要从语法角度再考虑动词的形式、句子的结构形式等。第三, 必要的常识。第四, 注意同义词、近义词的细微区别和一些固定搭配。总之, 判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑, 把语境、语法、词法、常识、固定搭配等有机结合起来综合考虑, 是做完形填空题的最佳方法。

三、复读全文, 仔细检查

完成选择后, 最好再用一两分钟时间将短文从头看一遍。为了使这一遍阅读顺畅, 建议考生第二步就把选择的词语填在空格中。阅读时, 对感觉不恰当的, 可尝试以下几个步骤:第一步:纵观加联想。通读全文, 掌握大意。在通读的过程中, 通过前后联想, 猜测空格词的意思, 以期达到掌握大意的目的。第二步:先易且定夺。对照选项再读全文, 验证、修正原来的猜测, 将有把握的答案确定下来。这时, 往往绝大多数小题都已解出。第三步:攻难再复读。重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子, 解出那些原来拿不准的少数题。第四步:反思并修正。将所选单词放入原文中。重读全文, 看看有无逻辑上的问题, 以期发现错误、改正错误。

考研英语完形填空试题及答案 篇3

一、完形填空选材特征分析

（一）材料真实，文长合理

今年的完形填空材料文长256+21个词，为近几年最短的文章，是由一篇含有1094个词的博客文章经删减改编而成的。这篇博客2011年发表后，广泛流传，曾冠名Going Back to Our Roots 被收集到funny articles中。

2011年的完形填空材料文长303个词，是由美国发行量最大、全球最流行的杂志Reader's Digest October 2009 Jennifer Rawlings所写的题为Woman Who Lost Leg Finds Inspiration from Disabled Dolphin（断腿女人从残疾海豚身上找到灵感）这篇含有811个词的动人故事经删减改编而成的。

2010年的完形填空材料选自Great Stories故事集中一篇题为The Blind Bus Passenger 的故事，原文近1000个词，改编后成为了文长335词的短文。

近几年的高考完形填空材料均选自那些把英语作为母语的国家的报刊或其他读物中千字左右的文章，语言真实、地道、原汁原味，经适当删减改编后，长度在300个词左右（今年最短），语言结构难度不大，适合高中学生阅读。

（二）情丰意深，直击热点

前几年完形填空题材偏爱“爱心故事”。2010年是夫妻之间的爱心故事：一位妻子因车祸失明，她在丈夫的帮助和爱心呵护下，学会了运用触摸等其他感观，独自乘座公交车上下班，重树信心并返回了工作岗位。2011年是亲情之间的爱：一位断腿女孩为了纪念她表妹，同海豚一起游泳。这些文章均深含爱心、积极向上。今年的题材则直击热点，敢于揭露、讽刺社会的消极面。文中的主人公买自行车时，“被”买了里程表、速度计、铃铛、后车镂等。尽管主人公无可奈何，却又表现得心甘情愿。这个故事幽默地讽刺了我们如今所处的“被”字时代：我们不是经常“被”代表、“被”平均、“被”幸福、“被”和谐、“被”有钱吗？这道试题应该看作是今年英语试题在“稳中求变”中的一个突破。

由此可以得出以下结论：贴近时代，内涵丰富，符合当今和谐社会的主旋律，具有深刻的现实教育意义的题材，不论是积极的还是消极的，都可以用作完形填空的材料。

（三）记叙文体，夹叙夹议

记叙文中经常描写心理活动，叙事、议论、抒情融为一体，夹叙夹议特点十分突出。采用第一人称手法，叙事、议论、抒情更为容易，更加自然。纵观近几年的完形填空材料，无不具有以上特点。

二、完形填空设题特征分析

（一）设题空间距规律

与2010年和2011年一样，今年完形填空首句和尾句均未设空。在空间距方面，今年最均匀。最小间距为7个词，最大间距为27个词，平均间距为11个词。去年最小间距为6个词，最大间距为22个词，平均间距是13.4个词。2010年最小间距为5个词，最大间距为48个词（为历年之冠），平均间距13.4个词。

通过以上分析，得出结论如下：完形填空首句一般不设空，尾句经常不设空。空间距平均13个词左右。最小间距不少于5个词，最大间距最好不超过30个词。空间距应该尽可能地均匀些。笔者认为这就是完形填空设题的空间距规律。

（二）考点设置重实词

与往年一样，今年重兵仍然把守在动词（8个）上，考查范围仍然是名、动、形、副、连、介六个词类。但与往年不同的是：对形容词考查的力度第一次超过了名词，且比例较大，为5：3。另外，对六个词类都有考查，考点更趋全面。

结论：湖北高考完形填空考点设置分三个层次。

1.必考实词，即名、动、形、副；

2.重考动词，往往占半壁江山；

3.选考虚词，即连词、介词等。

（三）选项设置原则——结构平行，形式对等，意思相关

四个选项一般词类相同、词义相关，为同一范畴的词或短语。

如：32.A.eventually

B.immediately C.reluctantly D.gratefully四个选项均为形容词+ly构成的副词，词意相互关联。

37.A.gave up

B.broke down C.calmed down D.ended up都是动词+副词式短语，动词为过去时，且意思相关。

又如：38.A.amazed B.amused C.confused D.concerned都是规则动词的过去式，且都是表示心理活动的动词。

三、完形填空考查内容分析

（一）注意到了语言基础知识的考查

完形填空题对知识的考查主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。如：

39.A.march B.drive C.cover D.measure

答案：C； 解析：词语的搭配“cover long distances”——“走了一段很长的距离”。A.march是向前；B.drive是驾驶，驱赶；D.measure是测量，均为干扰项。

42.A.fix B.check C.repair D.lay

答案：A； 解析：在买的新自行车上要安装一个里程表和速度计；B.check检查，核实；C.repair修理；

D.lay放置。

45.A.distributed B.converted C.applied D.attached

答案：D； 解析：词语的搭配were attached to安装，装置；A.distributed分发，分派；B.converted转换，C.applied应用，申请。

（二）对文章上下文逻辑关系的理解是考查的重点

31.A.adultB.human

C.consumer D.bachelor

答案：C； 解析：下文说For fear that I would become a victim of the consumer society“为了避免自己成为消费性社会的牺牲品之一”。

32.A.eventuallyB.immediately

C.reluctantly D.gratefully

答案：B； 解析：和后面的词hurried相呼应，表示速度快。

33.A.Although B.Because C.As D.Unless

答案：C； 解析：车店老板一边说，一边为我介绍自行车。

34.A.would B.should C.must D.could

答案：D； 解析：文章最后一句“I congratulate you once more； this is the best thing you could have done，” said Mr. Johnson in the end.与本句相互照应，形成呼应，起了很好的提示作用。

35.A.boring B.complicated C.stressful D.tough

答案：B； 解析：这是作者对刚开始的“不知不觉”到后来的“无可奈何”这一转变的总结。上文“为了避免自己成为消费性社会的牺牲品之一，我第一时间赶去附近的一家自行车店”，下文“自行车本身非常简单，但它会为你带来最自然的东西——新鲜的空气、阳光以及让人振奋的运动。我对老板的看法表示赞同，像个孩子一样的开心。我立刻跨上自行车，离开小店，朝大街上骑去。过了一段时间，我骑车穿越小镇，如此简单的交通工具居然能帮助我在如此短的时间内就行驶如此远的距离，我对此惊叹无比。我还能继续行驶多远呢？最远的距离会是哪里呢？”反应作者的复杂心理。

36.A.natural B.mysteriousC.complex D.unique

答案：A； 解析：下文的“fresh air， sunshine and exercise.”提示。

37.A.gave up B.broke down

C.calmed down D.ended up

答案：D； 解析：上文“I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets ”和下文“ After some time， 及at the other end of the town.”到了城市的尽头肯定是停下来了。

38.A.amazed B.amused C.confused D.concerned

答案：A； 解析：下文中的提示词“this simple vehicle”，“long distances in a fairly short time.”对这一性能当然感到“惊讶”。

41.A.unreliable B.impractical

C.unprepared D.inaccurate

答案：D； 解析：上文提示词“hate”与所选答案D.inaccurate 应该是互为反义词，再加之下文提到 “an odometer （里程表） on my bicycle. He agreed， 和“An odometer without a speedometer （速度计）”可以猜出作者是一个讲求精准的人。

43.A.swore B.added C.replied D.concluded

答案：B； 解析：前面的转折词but体现出下文的逻辑结构和作者心里活动步骤，虽然同意了，但还没有说完，然后补充说。所以选B。

46.A.shapes B.sizes C.functions D.models

答案：C； 解析：下文Attracted by these functions， I bought the horn. 的提示词functions，所以选C.

结论：湖北的高考完形填空题属于词汇知识运用，不直接考语法。词语搭配、习惯用法及词义辩析等语言基础知识的考查逐渐弱化。对文章上下文逻辑关系的理解，对上下文意义线索的把握才是完形填空考查的重中之重。这类题强调的是词汇运用的得体性，对考生的灵活性要求较高，死记硬背词义是远远不够的。对捕捉文章的上下文线索的能力的考查是本类型题的关键所在。上下文线索信息可能藏在句子内（理解句子的能力）；也可能要跨句子（跨句子寻找能力）、甚至跨段落（篇章分析能力）才能捕捉到。这就是完形填空考查的三个能力层次。

四、完形填空题型应对策略

（一）夯实语言基础

虽然完形填空题型直接考查语言基础的题目不多，但间接考查量并不少。良好的语言基本功是解答好完形填空的基础、前提。

1.学好词汇

除了扎实掌握好词的音、形、性、义、用等基本要素外，还要在词义拓展、常用搭配及习惯用法等方面下功夫，真正过好词汇关。

2.弄清结构

中学生没有时间也没有必要去全面、系统地学习语法知识，但关系到句子结构的语法项目却必须理解透彻，不能有丝毫的含糊。如：基本句型，基本时态，语态，语序，各种从句等。

3.理解篇章

掌握各种文体的基本结构特征，会运用各种信息词快速串起文章的各个部分等。

（二）养成良好的阅读习惯

良好的阅读习惯对提高阅读理解能力的帮助极大。阅读理解能力的高低直接制约着完形填空解答的成败。一般说来，用于提高阅读理解能力训练的方法，如skim、scan等，都可以用来训练完形填空。此外，只有博览群书，才能拥有丰富的体验。鉴于近几年完形填空题经常选用那些以英语为母语的国家的报刊杂志上的千字左右的文章，因而多读读这方面的文章是有百利而无一害的。

（三）研究解题技巧

答好完形填空题，从根本上讲靠平时的积累、平时的功夫。但研究解题技巧对提高完形填空的应试能力还是大有好处的，用好能收到事半功倍的效果。

1.利用好答题步骤

简言之，有下列四个步骤：

第一步：通读全文，获取印象。

此步骤重在利用好以下两点：一是文章的首句和尾句；二是选择项。

第二步：精读全文，及时答题。

此步骤的关键在于利用所学的语言知识，排除干扰，选准答案。

第三步：重点品读，解答难题。

此步骤只需重点品读难题所涉及到的相关句子和段落即可。

第四步：复读全文，确定答案。

2.把握好考点

这里强调的是审题的重要性。

3.利用好上下文

“上下文答题法”是完形填空题型最需要的答题技巧，是解答完形填空的关键所在。能得心应手地运用此法，即意味着拥有了较强的答题能力，能彻底“征服”完形填空题了。

完形填空的文章是一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇。它所包含的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。这正是完形填空题不同于多项选择题之本质所在。完形填空语篇行文中，必然要有一些线索，必然要重复、替代、复现一些词语，必然要存在着一些逻辑联系。这正好为解答完形填空题留下了空间和机会。“上下文答题法”就是要利用语篇中的词汇复现现象，找出语篇中的逻辑联系，把握语篇的结构关系，是一种捕捉并记忆上下文相关信息的能力。

一是利用词汇复现的技巧。在完形填空语篇中，有多种词汇复现现象，包括原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上义词复现、下义词复现、反义词复现和概括词复现等等。

二是利用逻辑联系、结构关系的技巧。包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系等。

英语四级阅读选词填空试题及答案 篇4

Times have changed. Today, we take pain 48____. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in 49____ a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s life, causing problems that 50____ from missed work to depression.

That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who 51____ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social 52____ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 53____ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.

This modern 54____ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 55____ number of drugs available, and many of them caused 56____ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A) result

B) involves

C) significant

D) range

E) relieved

高中英语完形填空训练题及答案 篇5

高中英语完形填空训练题及答案

Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow __1__ he could in his own garden, so that he would not have to buy so many in the market.

One evening he heard a noise in his garden and looked out of the window. A white ox had got into the garden and __2__ his vegetables. Nasreddin at once took his stick, ran out and chased the ox, but he was too old to catch it. When he got back to his garden, he found that the ox had ruined most of his precious vegetables.

__3__, while he __4__ in the street near his house, he saw a cart with two white oxen which looked very much like the one that __5__ his vegetables. He was carrying his stick with him, __6__ he at once began to beat the two oxen with it. As neither of them looked more like the ox that had eaten his vegetables than the other, he beat both of them equally hard.

The owner of the ox and cart was drinking coffee in a __7__ coffee-house. When he saw __8__ Nasreddin was doing __9__ his animals, he ran out and shouted, ―What are you doing? What have those poor animals done to you for you to beat them like that?‖

―You keep out this!‖ Nasreddin shouted back, ―This is a matter between me and one of these two oxen. He knows very well __10__ I am beating him!‖

1. A. so many vegetables B. many vegetables C. as many as vegetables D. as many vegetables as

2. A. was eating B. ate C. had eaten D. has eaten

3. A. Next day B. Next morning C. Last morning D. The next morning

4. A. walks B. waked C. was walking D. walking

5. A. ruined B. had eaten C. ate D. had ruin

6. A. so B. and C. but D. or

7. A. beside B. nearby C. near D. near by

8. A. that B. which C. why D. what

9. A. for B. to C. with D. on

10.A. reason B. when C. why D. because名师点评

这是一个笑话，贫农Nasreddin在街上碰到两头牛，搞不清是哪一头毁坏了他家的菜园，于是用棒子将两头牛一起抽打，牛主人制止时，他却强词夺理，无理取闹。

答案简析

1.D。习惯用语as many as possible 意为―尽尽可能多的‖合乎文意，为正确选项。 2.A。过去进行时强调过去正在进行的动作，根据文意Nasreddin看到牛正在吃蔬菜，故选 was eating 。

3.D。指过去某一天的第一天或第二天早上、晚上，应用the next day/morning/evening。 故应选The next morning 。

4.C。在从句动作进行的.过程中，主句动作发生了，这时从句常用进行时态，故选择was walking 。

5.B。牛吃蔬菜是贫农上街之前的事，文章本身讲的是过去的故事，指过去的过去应用过去完成时，故选had eaten。

6.A。从句子意思看，空白处前后构成因果关系，故选择so。

7.B。形容词nearby一般作定语，表示―不远的，附近的‖，合乎文意，为正确选项。

8.D。这里需要一个引导词，引导saw的宾语从句，同时在句子里作do的宾语，故选 what。

9.B。do sth. to sb.结构中to后面常接动作的对象。

考研英语完形填空试题及答案 篇6

Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects.We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived years ago and obviously knew no better.But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were.The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.Let us not deceive ourselves.Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy.People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring.Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news.Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask.The answer is simple: they are uncivilized.For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success.But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past.Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be.Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world.Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly.These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law.The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is

A.not very high.

B.high.

C.contemptuous.

D.critical.

2.The main idea of this passage is

A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.

B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.

C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.

D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.

3.That the author mentions the old Romans is

A.To compare the old Romans with today’s people.

B.to give an example.

C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.

D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.

C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.

D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.

Vocabulary

1.relish  从……获得乐处，享受

2.orgy  狂欢，放纵

3.arena  竞技场，活动或斗争的场所

4.blood-thirsty  残忍的，嗜血的

5.bear-baiting  逗熊游戏

6.bull-fight  斗牛

7.batter  猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打

8.pulp  成纸浆，成软块

9.burst into flames  突然燃烧起来/着火

10.grim  令人窒息的，简陋的

11.coop up  把……关起来

写作方法与文章大意

作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。

答案详解

1.A.不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛)，两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望DD这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项DD蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。

2.A.法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)

B.人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。

C.对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。

D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。

3.D.人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。

A.把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。

B.给出一个例子。太抽象。

C.说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。

4.B.5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。

5.A.通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。

B.通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。

C.我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制

D.去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。

复习题二：

Meditation in Indonesian Business

It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.

1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?

[A] Mysticism.

[B] Religion.

[C] Meditation.

[D] Investment.

2.Whom do they consult?

[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.

[B] Wali Ullah.

[C] Old Kings.

[D] Carnegie.

3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?

[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.

[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.

[C] To show they hired qualified persons.

[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is

[A] to gain profit from the god.

[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.

[C] to gain foreknowledge.

[D] to gain objective conclusion.

5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?

[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.

[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.

[C] Contact with God.

[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.

Vocabulary

1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去

2.Jakarta  雅加达

3.meditate  沉思，冥想，反省

4.Java  爪哇

5.Javanese  爪哇的

6.mysticism  神秘主义

7.boost  促进，增加，提高

8.devout  虔诚的，热诚的

9.appeal (to)  向……呼吁，求助于，魅力

10.legend  传说，神话

11.fasting  禁食，斋戒

12.hold onto 抓紧，保住

13.personnel management system  人事管理制度

14.perspective investment  远景投资

15.venture  (商业)投机，风险

16.sharpen  使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖

17.business slide  买卖/企业滑坡，下滑

18.turn around  (生意)好转，转变

19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的

20.cybernetics 控制论

21.Carnegie  卡耐基

22.tap  开拓，选择

难句译注

1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.

「参考译文」在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。

2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.

「参考译文」这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。

3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.

「参考译文」恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)

4.Search for the inner self.

「参考译文」探索内心的自我。

5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.

「参考译文」类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式DD不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。

1.公共英语PETS一级完形填空练习题及答案

2.公共英语PETS一级完形填空练习题

3.公共英语一级阅读理解复习题及答案

4.公共英语pets一级模拟辅导习题

5.公共英语一级精准模拟题及答案

6.公共英语一级阅读理解测试试题及答案

7.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案

8.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题及答案

9.公共英语一级阅读理备考试题及答案

考研英语完形填空试题及答案 篇7

关键词 完型填空分析；教；指导性作用

完形填空是高考必考题型，是泰勒根据格式塔心理学创造的，旨在考查学生的语言基础知识、阅读理解能力及语言综合应用能力，在较大程度上能体现学生的应用英语水平。2011年江苏高考完形填空是一篇记叙文叙述了一位男孩在回家的路上看见一只诱人的苹果，想尽办法却又摘不到的故事，同时描述了该男孩从恼怒失望到接受事实，改变心态的过程。本试题的设计一方面在完形试题中体现了新课程的情感态度价值观的要求，起到对学生进行情感教育的作用，做到了寓情感教育于完形试题中。另一方面在最大程度上考查了学生的英语基础知识和阅读理解能力，在这里笔者想通过对本篇完形试题的分析透视高考试题对英语教学的指导性作用。

一、依托完型文本分析，详尽把握试题规律

第一，文章是一篇记叙文，由5个段落组成，共有358个词，设置了20个空，分散在每个段落中，每段3-4个空，每空有4个选项达到了给学生阅读设置了障碍的目的。设空间隔较长，文章开头一句没设置障碍这就降低了本题型的难度，学生可以顺利把握故事的人物、故事发生的时间、故事发生的背景，文章选材是学生熟悉的语言环境，学生读完首句自信心倍增。文章最后一段，考查学生对于前面材料的理解、感悟与升华。第二，选项词汇特点，20个空考查了7个动词；分别是36，39，41，45，51， 55题；4个名词：分别是40，42，43，50题；形容词2个；38，53题；4个小品词：46，47，48，49题；副词、代词、连词各一个：52题考查副词，54题考查代词，37题则是对连词的考查。从考查的词性分析，本文不仅重视对实词动词、名词、形容词的考查，同时也加大了对小品词的考查，这点与历届高考题不同，也是师生在复习时没有预料到的。第三，答案选择的根据分析，一般情况下在完形中选择答案根据文章的上下文语境、文章的发展线索暗示、文章的句子间及段落间的逻辑关系、短语搭配等去选择。（1）语境选择题：36、39、45、48、50、51、53、54题，例如，36题具体语境分析： 根据语境可知小男孩不是一个非常喜欢吃水果的人，如果让他选择的话他还是更喜欢巧克力。因此选择preferring。（2）根据文章的发展线索暗示：38、41、51等38题：The more he looked at it ，the ___38_____he felt and the more he wanted that apple. 就是根据49空后的at first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his ____.暗示进行选择的。（3）根据文章句子及段落间逻辑关系选择：37、52.37题：____37____，as they say ，the forbidden fruit can be tempting.选择but . 虽然他不是非常喜欢吃水果，但是小男孩很想摘到苹果，与上句形成转折关系。52题：所在段落小男孩选择放弃其实是明智之举与文章的前面部分的叙述形成转折的逻辑关系，故选择however . 4）根据英语短语搭配结合语境选择：42，on the top of 、43 out of reach、 44.stand on ＼46 look around 、47 with luck、49 walk away.

二、根據完形考填空考查要点指导高中英语教学

第一，对语篇教学的指导性作用，刘辰诞认为语篇就是“一段有意义、传达一个完整信息，逻辑连贯、语言衔接，具有一定交际目的和功能的语言单位。”而完形填空是不同体裁的语篇，大部分题目需要学生在理解文章大意把握主题的前提下去选择，因此在英语教学中要重视语篇大意，段落间逻辑关系，语篇结构的分析，教学中培养学生把握整个语篇含义和脉络的能力。这样能够他们增强语篇意识提高解题速度及准确率。

第二，对词汇教学的指导性作用，（1）完形填空考查学生的基础知识主要是对词汇的考查，尤其是对动词、名词、形容词的考查，同时出乎预料对小品词的考查，这就要求词汇教学要有主有次，重视词汇的词性，也不能忽视对小品词的教学。（2）完形填空对词汇的考查主要是在具体的语言环境中考查，因此词汇教学要语境化，教学中创设语境在词汇教学中有为重要，它能够帮助学生通过语境提供的信息，对出现在该语境中的词汇进行连接，从而学习掌握它们，因此学生不仅要关注非应用状态中的词汇学习和记忆，而且还要在运用时，能够根据具体的语境，灵活，综合运用各种词汇知识进行理解和表达。避免词汇学习脱离语境理解、脱离词汇运用及脱离实际应用。（3）完形填空考同时注重了对词汇搭配的考查，也就是对英语词块的考查，词块由于具有有共现频率高、整体储存和提取、可记忆的韵律性三个显著的特征，因此词块融合了语法、语义和语境的优势，教学中采取各种有效策略强化词块教学可提高英语教学效率，易于提高言语流利程度，更有助于减少语言表达错误。

总之，英语教学中教师要注重对完形填空试题的研究，揭示其对英语语篇教学、词汇教学具有的指导性作用，同时更要重视新课程理念的理解及渗透，优化教学方式，培养学生自主学习能力，提高学生综合语言应用能力为学生终身发展打下良好的基础。

参考文献：

[1]吕吉尔.有意记忆词块：英语学习的高效策略[J].教学月刊，2010.