限定性定语从句（通用8篇）
限定性定语从句 篇1
关系代词
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book (which)you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
关系副词
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
whose=of which/ whom
1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
2. when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc.
3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
4. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
限定性定语从句 篇2
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词 (who, whom, whose, that, which) 和关系副词 (when, where, why) , 关系代词和关系副词位于先行词及定语从句之间, 起连接作用, 同时也在定语从句中充当句子成分。
注意:1.what不能引导定语从句。
2.关系词与它在定语从句中所充当的句子成分有关。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词通常是指人或物的名词或代词, 在主句中充当主语、宾语等成分。关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略, 作宾语时可以省略。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
1.用于指人的关系代词有who, whom和that。that和who可用作主语或宾语, whom只能用作宾语。如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
He is the man (whom/that/who) I saw yesterday.
2.用于指物的关系代词有which和that, 作主语和宾语均可。如:
Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.
Where is the book which/that Sarah lent me yesterday?
(注:that既可指人, 也可指物)
3.whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语。指物时可以与of which互换。如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green./Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
补充说明:
1) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰, 或被修饰的先行词为all, any, many, the one等不定代词时, 关系代词只能用that, 而不用which。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
2) 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时, 关系代词只能用that, 而不用which。如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
3) 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放于先行词之前, 也可以放在谓语动词的后面, 但含有介词的短语动词不能被拆开, 其中的介词必须放在动词后面。另外, 关系代词that不能直接放在介词的后面。如:
This is the room in which he lives.
The child whom she is looking after isn’t her son.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词分别是表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如:
I’ll never forget the days when (on which) I stay with you.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
巩固练习:
() 1.Children like houses________are painted in different colors.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.where
() 2.Is this the river________I can swim?
A.whichB.in whichC.thatD.the one
() 3.This is the best hotel in the city________I know.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whose
() 4.Can you lend me the dictionary________the other day?
A.that you boughtB.you bought it
C.that you bought itD.which you bought it
() 5.Anyone________with what I said may put up your hands.
A.who agreeB.which agreeC.who agreesD.which agrees
() 6.My watch is not the only thing________is missing.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
() 7.The man________coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.of which
() 8.The girl________is reading under the tree________my sister.
A.which, isB.whom, wasC.who, isD.who, was
() 9.I love places________the people are really friendly.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
() 10.Is this English book________I gave you?
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.the one
限定性定语从句 篇3
大家都知道，定语从句分两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。但在英语写作中，非限定性定语从句是首选，因为非限定性定语从句不对它所修饰的先行词有所限制，删掉它不会影响主句，加上它只会令句子锦上添花。非限定性定语从句的关系词无非which、who、when、where、whose几种，其中which和who最好用：which可指“事”，用来指代前面被修饰的整个句子或者某个具体名词；who则指“人”，修饰前面说到的人。二者均可在扩句的同时丰富原句，为文章增加亮点。
因而在写到“人”或“事”时，同学们就可以考虑使用非限定性定语从句来扩充句子。下面我们以让同学们颇为头疼的人物介绍类书面表达为例来讲解。之所以要以人物介绍类作文为例，是因为：其一，该题型为高考中较为常见的一种题型，在前些年颇为流行，尽管近几年考查得较少，但再考查的可能性很大；其二，这类题从表面上看很简单，但要想写好并得高分却很难；最后，人物介绍类作文非常适合练习非限定性定语从句。下面来看一道经典的人物介绍类高考作文真题。 分析该题目难度并不大，内容已经给定，同学们可以直接照着翻译，只要会写其中某些词汇或表达，基本就没有什么难度了。大部分同学都能写出如下内容：I'm Wang Shan, a girl of sixteen. I'm now studying in Beijing Yang Guang Middle School. I like music. I'm also interested in photography. In fact, I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them, and I'm willing to help anyone in need. I love my life. I love Mother Nature, and I love peace. I hate any form of violence. I would like to join the Peace and Friendship Summer Camp, because it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about different cultures. 这样写没有语法错误，也确实涵盖了题目中给定的要点，但句式过于简单，没什么新意，最多拿个及格分。下面我们就用非限定性定语从句来给它做做“美容”。
应用定语从句要想利用非限定性定语从句扩句，首先要扩充文章内容，再利用非限定性定语从句将扩充的内容写出来。题目中给出的内容只是提纲，我们完全可以在这些提纲上添加细节，丰富内容，增加说服力。在介绍自己优点的同时，还可以介绍一下原因或者阐述一下这些优点带来的结果。例如：
我爱好音乐。为什么呢？因为音乐能让我放松自己。
我热爱摄影。为什么呢？因为摄影有助于我记录生活中难忘的、有意义的瞬间。
我善于与人交流、乐于助人。这有什么帮助吗？这能让我在夏令营里多交些朋友。
我热爱自然、和平。因为这些，我希望参加这个夏令营。
接下来，我们就可以根据扩充的内容将上面作文中的一些句子改成非限定性定语从句。① I like music.→I like music, which makes me feel relaxed.② I'm also interested in photography.→I'm also interested in photography, which helps me record the unforgettable and meaningful moments in my life.③ I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them, and I'm willing to help anyone in need.→I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them, and I'm willing to help anyone in need, which will help me make more friends in the camp.④ I love Mother Nature, and I love peace.→I love Mother Nature and peace, which explains why I hope to join the camp.
通过用非限定性定语从句进行扩充，原先的句子内容变得更加丰富，且句子结构也不再是毫无特色的简单句。当然，我们也不能通篇都用非限定性定语从句，还可以在此基础上将其中一些句子进行改写，再换上一些高级词汇和短语。例如，上面几个句子经过替换词语和表达后可以写为： ① I take a keen interest in music, which makes me feel relaxed.② I have a passion for photography, which helps me record the unforgettable and meaningful moments in my life.③ As a people person, I'm always ready to help others, which will help me make more friends in the camp.④ For the love of peace and nature, I am eager to join the camp. 總而言之，上面的例子主要是为了提供一种思路，让大家明白如何在写作中应用非限定性定语从句。除了人物介绍类作文，在实际写作中，非限定性定语从句也是十分常用的。我们再来看一个例子。 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇周记，记述爸爸出差期间，妈妈生病，你照顾她的过程。
应用定语从句第二幅图中描绘了“妈妈生病”这件事。我们可以先将“妈妈生病”这句话进行扩充：那天妈妈身体不舒服，半夜还发起了高烧，这让我焦急万分。最后一幅图描绘了“我照顾好了妈妈，并在爸爸出差归来时得到了父母一致的肯定”。我们也可以在此基础上加上“我”对整件“事”的感想，如：我从未忘记爸爸回来表扬我所作所为的那一刻，那一刻让我觉得非常骄傲，时刻提醒我要做一个照顾家人的、负责任的男子汉。接下来，我们就可以将这两句话用非限定性定语从句表达出来：① My mother didn't feel well that day and caught a fever at midnight, which made me sick with anxiety. ② I will never forget the moment when my father praised me for what I had done, which made me feel so proud and always reminds me to be a responsible man who takes good care of his family. 综上所述，我们可以发现，非限定性定语从句的应用让我们更易于为作文增添细节，如事件发生的原因、作用、结果、带来的感受等。与原因、目的等状语从句相比，非限定性定语从句应用起来并不难，却能带来更好的效果。下次在写作的时候，记得用非限定性定语从句来丰富一下句式和内容哦。作者简介：
定语从句与同位语从句的区别 篇4
一、从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）
Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）
Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）
二、从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）
The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise
三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。同位语从句）
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。
That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which来代替。
The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups
was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。
同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，(that虽不作成份，但不能省略）
The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）
定语从句与强调句型的区别
强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要
与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。
定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。定语从句中的主谓一致
1、当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。
e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs
of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数； the(only)one +名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。
定语从句专题 篇5
定语从句
阎婕
一、什么是定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。定语从句是由一个句子作定语，修饰主句中的名词，代词（不管他们是句中的主语，宾语还是表语）或整个主句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出，放在被修饰词后。
二、关系词有哪些
关系词的作用：
1）连接主从句；
2）代表先行词；
3）在定语从句中充当一个成分（主语，宾语，介词宾语，定语，状语或表语）
1.关系代词：which（指sth.），that（指sb.或sth.），who（指sb.作主语或宾语），whom（指sb.作宾语），whose（指sb.或sth.，作定语）
2.关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）
关系词的使用：
关系代词：
Who：修饰人，在从句中作主语
Those who are against the plan please put up their hands.The boy who is reading newspapers to us is our monitor.Whom：修饰人，在句中作宾语, 在口语和非正式文体中可省略
The student who(whom)the teacher is talking to is my brother.The student to whom the teacher is talking is my brother.Do you still remember the person whom I introduced to you when I was in Beijing last year? Whose：修饰人，也可修饰物，表示所属关系，在从句中作定语，在修饰物时可以与of which搭配
The girl whose composition was read just now studies very well.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.I live in a room whose window faces south.Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.Please pass me the book the cover of which / of which the cover is blue.Which：修饰物, 有时也可修饰整个主句, 在从句中作主语或宾语, 还可作介词宾语Last week, we visited a factory which produces very good bicycles.I once worked in the factory which my students are going to visit next week.We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.The scientist discovered a new element, which made him famous.That：可修饰人也可修饰物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 因此修饰人时可代替who 或whom, 修饰物时可代替which, 但that 不能直接作介词宾语
Who is the person that is speaking now?
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.This is the very book that I’ve been longing for.关系副词：
When: 修饰表时间的名词, 如time, hour, day, month, date, year等, 在从句中作时间状语Do you still remember the day when you first came to school?
The first time that I came to school was in 1982.I can’t remember the exact time when(that)I went to visit the Great Hall of the People.是不是所有表示时间的名词作先行词就用when作关系副词呢？
不是的！要具体分析该名词在从句中的成分，如：
The day which / that I can’t forget was my first day at school.I can’t forget the day when I first met him.Where: 修饰表示地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语
It’s the room where I used to live in my childhood.The factory where we worked last year is now being rebuilt.是不是所有表示地点的名词作先行词就用where作关系副词呢？
不是的！要具体分析该名词在从句中的成分，如：
You father once worked in the factory which we visited yesterday, didn’t he?
I often think of the days which I spent together with my classmates.Why: 表原因, 在句中作原因状语从句, 只修饰先行词reason
Do you know the reason why he is absent today?
三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别
主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。
四、定语从句解题步骤——重点
1.找对先行词。
2.确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。
eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.This is the place where I lived years ago.分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。
3.区别各关系代词的使用。
五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分
在先行词为物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。
以下几种情况只用that：
1.先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词
He did all that he can to help me.There is nothing that can be done in this situation.Everything(that)we saw was of great interest to us.I’ve read all the books(that)you gave me.2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, 等修饰。
3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The Summer Palace is the most beautiful park that I’ve been to.The first thing that I should do after returning to China is to see my old parents.This is the best novel(that)I have ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to have.The last place that we visited was the chemical works.Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
Is this the same tool that you used yesterday?
That white flower is the only one(that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.5.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited in Germany.They talked for about half an hour of persons and things that they remembered at school.6.当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用who(whom),which。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Who is the man that called on you just now?
Which of the subjects that you are studying is the most difficult.?
只用which 不用that 的情况：
1.在非限定性定语从句中
The bus, which was full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.2.在介词后
This is the room in which planned our future life.Soon we go to a hill at the top of which was a temple.如果介词不前置可用that
The room which / that we live in is very clean and tidy.3.在修饰整个句子时
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.He tried to make some excuses, which made his teacher very angry.He tried to catch the moon in the water, which was impossible.定语从句练习
单项填空：
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1.This is the only one of the students _____ the truth.A.that knowsB.who knows
C.who knowD.which knows
2.Do you know the girl _____?
A.whom he often talk toB.to who he often talks
C.to that he often talksD.he often talks to
3.The world _____ we live is made up of matter.A.on whichB.of which
C.at whichD.in which
4.There are no children _____ love their parents.A.that do notB.who does not
C.thatD.who
5.I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school.A.that isB.who are
C.who amD.who is
6.Abraham Lincoln, _____ led the United States _____ these years, was _____ of the greatest presidents.A.he;for;aB.whom;in;one
C.who;at;oneD.who;through;one
7.Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress?
A.whoseB.that
C.whomD.that’s
8.The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist.A.I spokeB.I spoke to
C.whom I spokeD.that I spoke to him
9.The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory.A.that you just talkedB.whom you just talked to
C.which you just talked toD.who you just talked
10.The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop.A.you needB.what you need
C.which you need itD.that you need it
11.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A.whichB.where
C.in whichD.what
12.Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit.A.whichB.where
C.thatD.in which
13.The magazine _____ Betty paid one dollar was very good.A.thatB.which
C.for whichD.to which
14.The two things _____ they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about whichB.of which
C.in whichD.for which
15.He was the man _____ Master of Game was translated.A.by whomB.by who
C.by whoseD.by him
16.This is the museum _____ we visited last week.A.whichB.where
C.whoD.in which
17.Is this museum _____ we are going to visit tomorrow?
A.whichB.that
C.whereD.the one
18.Ahead of me I saw a woman _____ I thought was my aunt.A.whoB.whom
C.of whomD.whose
19.This is the key _____.A.which you are looking forB.for which you are looking
C.for that you are lookingD.you are looking for which
20.The woman _____ is his mother.A.of whom he takes careB.of that he takes care
C.he takes care ofD.whom he takes care
答案：
1—5 ADDAB6—10 DDBBA11—15 ACCBA16—20 ADAAC
难题解析：
17题，要把一般疑问句还原成陈述句，This is museum…由于museum前少了冠词不合英语语法，所以要补充完整就是：This museum is the one we are going to visit tomorrow.因此，得出一般疑问句应该是
定语从句教案 篇6
衡东欧阳遇中学
谭麦华
教学目的：了解定语从句，关系代词和关系副词的区别和应用。教学难点：1.如何判定用哪个关系代词还是用哪个关系副词
2.定语从句与其他从句的区别 教学方法：观察，总结，练习教具：Multimedia, question paper Step1:定语的概念：
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：
(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)a beautiful girl（）three boys（）
a shoe factory（）Jim’s father()
our teacher()
the man in the car（）the man standing at the door（）
the man who is talking with Sam（）
step2:定语从句的概念及主要特征：
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2.定语从句的主要特征：
（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“„„.的” Step3:定语从句的基本用法：
定语从句的引导词关系代词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)关系副词when(时间状语)why(原因状语)
Step4:高考常见考点
考点一：指物时只用that 的情况 1.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
2.当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing(something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。
3.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
4.当先行词被表示“正是”的the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6.当关系代词在从句中作表语时：
Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.7.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句 1,逗号后面
2,介词后面
1.Jim passed the driving test, ______
surprised everybody in the office.（2008）
A.which
B that
C this
D.it 2.The day ______ he was born was
Aug.20 ,1952.A.on which
B that
C which
D.this
考点三：关系代词 as 的用法
1)直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于which
He was late, as / which is often the case.2)与such 连用, 引起定语从句
There are no such writers as you mention.区别：It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.3)与same 连用, 引起定语从句
☆ the same „ as 表示同一类人或物；
the same „ that 指同一个人或物
eg.This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.A.as
B.that
C.the one
D.A&B
考点四：as 与 which 的区别 ★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, _______ was expected.Tom has made great progress, _______ made us happy.总结: 1.which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;
2.as 一般代替整个句子, 从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如”，“或像…一样”。
例如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is……;当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。
___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.考点五—易混句型
1.定语从句与并列句
1).a.I saw some trees, and the leaves of ____ were black with disease.b.I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease.2).a.The professor is a little man, on the nose of ___there is a pair of glasses b.The professor is a little man, and on the nose of __ there is a pair of glasses 解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键 ２.定语从句与同位语从句
1).a.The news ______our volleyball team won the match made us excited.b.The news _____he told me yesterday is exciting.2).a.I made a promise ___ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.b.The mother made a promise ______pleased all her children.解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。
如何应用定语从句 篇7
定语从句引导词只用that的情况有321降幂排列:
(1) 只用that不用which :
1当先行词是anything,nothing,something, everything, ︱ all, much Little, few, none(降幂排列:全,多,少,无。)九个不定代词等或先行词被any, no, some,every, ︱ all, little, few七个词等修饰时:
I will do all that I can to help you.
2先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词修饰时:
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
The first place that we’ll visit is the Great Wall.
3先行词被the only, the very, the just,the last修饰时:
This is the very book that I’ve been looking for.
(2)只用that不用which或who:
1先行词既有人也有物时 :
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the school.
2当主句是由who或which引导的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复:
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
(3) 只用that不用who:
当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时:
1 He is no longer the man that he used to be.
2定语从句题型面面观
2.1定语从句与强调句型的区别
It was 5 o’clock when he came back.(状语从句)
It was at 5 o’clock that he came back.(强调句型)
It is the factory where he works. 定语从句)
It is in the factory that he works. (强调句型)
基本上被强调时间或地点前无介词是别的从句,若有介词则是强调句型。这是因为:
It is the factory ︱ where he works. 主从句分别正确。It指地点, 指the factory。
It is in the factory that he works. 不分主从句,是一个整体;It是虚指, 不指代in the factory ;去掉It is…..that , 句子正确。
2.2定语从句与同位语从句中引导词that的区别
This is the fact that he told me. ( 定语从句)
He proved the fact that the earth moves around the sun.(同位语从句)
有三点区别:
1 That在句子中作用不同:
This is the fact ︳ that he told me.
关系代词that等于先行词fact,属于后面其引导的定语从句, 做句子成分--- ---he told me the fact. 不做主语就做宾语, 绝不多余。
He proved the fact ︳ that ︳ the earth moves around the sun.
同位语从句中,连词that不指代什么,不属于前者也不属于后者,不做句子成分,只起连接作用,桥梁作用。后面从句句子成分非常完整,The earth(主) moves around(谓) the sun(宾). 不再需要任何词了。
2能跟同位语从句的名词是有限的,它们的共性是有内涵。典型的有fact, news, idea, view ;定语从句所修饰的名词代词是没有限制的。
3名词和它的同位语从句能用“是” 连接------ 事实是地球绕太阳转。不用逗号隔开的定语从句一般译为“的”这是(他告诉我的)事实。
3定语从句要和并列分句等句子类型区分开
He has two sons, both of whom are soldiers.
He has two sons, and both of them are soldiers.
He has two sons; both of them are soldiers.
He has two sons. Both of them are soldiers.
4关系代词,关系副词不要和相应的代词,副词重复,阴影单词应去掉
The boy whom the teacher is talking to him is clever
A dictionary is a book which you can use it to learn more words.
5疑问句一般变为陈述句做题才明了
1 Is this museum D you visited the other day?
2 Is this the museum A you visited the other day?
A that B where C in which D the one
我们变成陈述句来回答句1,主句是This museum is ___, 少表语,所以我们选the one普通代词做主句表语,关系代词在从句中做宾语可省略。如果变为This is museum , 貌似不少表语了,其实是错的,违背了名词前一般有冠词的原则,museum前少the. 而句2是This is the museum, 主句是主系表句型,很完整,所以我们选上关系代词that做从句宾语。
6纠正思维定势
I will remember the days which/that we spent together.
This is the place where we spent our holiday together.
This is the place which/that we visited.
That was the day when we visited Beijing.
同学们应注意spend(度过)前选关系代词做宾语时先行词肯定是时间概念,如spend已跟时间名词做宾语, 那么先行词一定是表地点的名词, 关系副词一定是where而不可能是when. Visit(参观)也是同理,且与spend相对应。
visit (参观):先行词是地点,选关系代词;先行词是时间,选关系副词when。
spend(度过):先行词是时间,选关系代词;先行词是地点,选关系副词where。
摘要：在定语从句中,引导词只用that不用which或who的特殊情况条目繁多,是重点难点。本文介绍几种定语从句的用法。
浅谈定语从句 篇8
一､ 什么是定语从句?什么是先行词?
在主从复合句中,由关系代词或关系副词引导的用于修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句｡被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后｡例如:
This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science and technology. 这就是要给我们作科学技术报告的那个工程师｡
上句中的“who will give us a talk on...”就是定语从句｡它修饰先行词 engineer｡定语从句中的 who 是关系代词,并在从句中用作主语｡
二､ 能引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词有哪些?如何使用这些关系代词或关系副词?
能引导定语从句的关系代词有 who(用来指人), whom(用来指人), whose(既可指人也可指物), that(既可指人也可指物), which(用来指物)等｡引导定语从句的关系副词有 where(指地点), when(指时间), why(指原因)等｡
1. 由 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句
who 在定语从句中作主语; whom 在定语从句中作宾语; whose 在定语从句中作定语｡例如:
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life. 这就是挽救那个男孩生命的医生｡
An old friend of mine who lived in Qingdao came to see me yesterday. 我的一位住在青岛的老朋友昨天来看我了｡
That’s the student(whom) the headmaster praised at the meeting. 那就是校长在会议上表扬的那个学生｡
Shakespeare was a great play writer and poet whose works were well-known all over the world. 莎士比亚是一位伟大的戏剧作家及诗人,他的作品闻名于世｡
2. 由 that, which 引导的定语从句
that 指物时,可与 which 互换使用,在从句中作主语或宾语｡例如:
This is a book that/which tells about computers. 这是一本介绍电脑的书｡
I like the song that/which has great lyrics. 我喜欢配有抒情歌词的歌曲｡
A mobile phone is a machine(that/which) we use for sending and receiving messages. 手机是我们用来传递和接收信息的一种工具｡
He sang a song(that/which) he wrote by himself. 他唱了一首由他自己谱写的歌曲｡
which 或 whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在 which 或 whom 之前,也可以放在它们之后｡如果该介词与它前面的动词构成短语动词,就不能将介词提到 which 或 whom 之前了｡例如:
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now the Lu Xun Museum.(=The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.) 鲁迅曾住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆｡
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(=Please tell me whom you borrowed the English novel from.) 请你告诉我,这本英文小说你是从谁那儿借来的｡
This is the book which you are looking for. 这就是你正找的那本书｡(look for 是短语动词, for 不能提到 which 前面)
The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill. 李阿姨照看的那个小孩病了｡(take care of 是短语动词,of 不能提到 whom 前面)
注意:如果引导定语从句的关系代词是 that, which 或 whom, 且在从句中作宾语时,那么这些关系代词可以省略｡
3. 由when, where, why引导的定语从句
这些关系副词引导定语从句时,分别在从句中作时间状语､地点状语和原因状语｡例如:
October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子｡
We all want to visit the factory where Uncle Wang worked. 我们都想参观王叔叔工作过的那个工厂｡
We don’t know the reason why she didn’t come to school today. 我们不知道她今天为什么没来上学｡
三､ 什么情况下只能用 that 引导定语从句?
1. 当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时｡例如:
You should do all that is useful to the people. 你应该做一切对人民有益的事｡
2. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等词修饰时｡例如:
You can take any seat that is free. 你可以挑选任何一个空位子｡
3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等词语修饰时｡例如:
This is the last place that I want to visit. 这是我想参观的最后一个地方｡
4. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时｡例如:
This is the best movie that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影｡
5. 当先行词被序数词修饰时｡例如:
This is the second time that you have told us the story. 这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了｡
6. 两个先行词中一个指人一个指物时｡例如: