2024年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析

2024年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析（共5篇）

2024年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析 篇1

早晨作业时间不得早于（）时。

A.5

B.6

C.7

D.8

【答案】B

【解析】为了保证居民夜间的正常休息，根据各地有关部门的规定，凡是在居民密集区进行强噪声施工作业时，要严格控制施工作业时间，夜间作业不超过 22 时，早晨作业不早于 6 时。特殊情况下需昼夜施工时，应尽量采取降噪措施，并会同建设单位做好周围居民的工作，并报工地所在地的环保部门备案后方可施工。对固体废物采取减量化的治理方法时，通常是将固体废物的体积缩小至（）以下。

A.四分之一

B.六分之一

C.八分之一

D.十分之一

【答案】D

【解析】减量化废物处理时将固体废物压缩或液体废物浓缩，或将废物无害焚化处理，烧成灰烬，使其体积缩小至十分之一以下，以便运输堆填。3 下列属于第二类危险源控制方法的是()。

A.设置安全监控系统

B.个体防护

C.应急救援

D.消除危险源

【答案】：A 4 对于一个建设工程项目而言，（）是管理的核心。

A.施工方的项目管理

B.设计方的项目管理

C.供货方的项目管理

D.业主方的项目管理

【答案】D

【解析】业主方是建设工程项目生产过程的总集成者——人力资源、物质资源和知识的集成，业主方也是建设工程项目生产过程的总组织者，因此对于一个建设工程项目而言，业主方的项目管理是管理的核心。对于建设工程项目而言，项目生产过程的总集成者和总组织者是（）。

A.设计方

B.施工方

C.监理方

D.业主方

【答案】D

【解析】业主方是建设工程项目生产过程的总集成者——人力资源、物质资源和知识的集成，业主方也是建设工程项目生产过程的总组织者。下列关于施工质量政府监督管理的原则说法不正确的是（）。

A.监督的目的是保证建设工程使用安全和环境质量

http://

B.监督的基本依据是法律、法规和工程建设强制性标准

C.监督的主要方式是政府部门

D.监督的主要手段是施工许可制度和竣工验收备案制度

【答案】C

【解析】C 项，监督的主要方式是政府认可的第三方即质量监督机构的强制监督。7 对查出的安全隐患要做到五定，五定包括（）。

A.定整改计划人、定整改措施、定整改完成地点、定整改完成人、定整改验收人

B.定整改执行人、定整改方案、定整改完成地点、定整改完成人、定整改验收人

C.定整改责任人、定整改措施、定整改完成时间、定整改完成人、定整改验收人

D.定整改检查人、定整改方案、定整改完成时间、定整改完成人、定整改验收人

【答案】C

【解析】施工安全控制的基本要求中，对查出的安全隐患要做到五定，即定整改责任人、定整改措施、定整改完成时间、定整改完成人、定整改验收人。同时，必须把好安全生产七关，即措施关、交底关、教育关、防护关、文明关、验收关、检查关。8 在施工安全的信息保证体系中，信息处理工作不包括（）。

A.分析研究

B.资料服务

C.及时报送

D.整理入库

【答案】B

【解析】在施工安全的信息保证体系中，信息处理工作包括分析研究、及时报送和整理入库。关于制定施工安全管理计划，下列说法正确的是（）。

A.施工安全管理计划应在项目开工后编制，经项目经理批准后实施

B.施工平面图设计师施工安全管理计划的主要内容，设计时应充分考虑安全、防火、防爆、防污染等因素，满足施工安全生产的要求

C.实行总分包的项目，分包项目安全计划不纳入总承包项目安全计划，分包人应严格自我管理

D.对结构复杂、施工难度大、专业性强的项目，只需制定项目总体安全技术保证计划

【答案】B

【解析】A 项，施工安全管理计划应在项目开工前编制，经项目经理批准后实施； C 项，实行总分包的项目，分包项目安全计划应纳入总包项目安全计划，分包人应服从总承包人的管理； D 项，对结构复杂、施工难度大、专业性强的项目，除指定项目总体安全技术保证计划外，还必须指定单位工程或分部分项工程的安全施工措施。项目在进度、投资、质量目标之间（）的一面是指要加快进度往往需要增加投资，欲提高质量往往也需要增加投资，过度地缩短进度会影响质量目标的实现。

A.对立统一

B.矛盾

C.统一

D.和谐

【答案】B

【解析】项目的投资目标、进度目标和质量目标之间有矛盾的一面，也有统一的一面，他们之间的关系是对立统一的。要加快进度往往需要增加投资，与提高质量往往也需要增加 2

http://

投资，过度的缩短进度会影响质量目标的实现，这都表现了目标之间关系矛盾的一面；但通过有效的管理，在不增加投资的前提下，也可缩短工期和提高工程质量，这反映了几者相统一的关系。在业主项目管理的任务中，最重要的任务是（）。

A.合同管理

B.投资控制

C.质量控制

D.安全管理

【答案】D

【解析】在业主方项目管理的任务中，安全管理是项目管理中最重要的任务，因为安全管理关系到人身的健康与安全，而投资控制、进度控制、质量控制和合同管理等主要涉及物质方面的利益。依据建设工程项目管理的概念，建设工程项目总承包方的项目管理工作涉及（）全过程。

A.设计准备阶段至保修期

B.设计阶段至动用前准备阶段

C.设计准备阶段至动用前准备阶段

D.设计阶段至保修期

【答案】A

【解析】建设项目工程总承包方项目管理工作涉及项目实施阶段的全过程，即设计准备阶段、设计阶段、施工阶段、动用前准备阶段和保修期。施工过程中由于各方面原因所致，确实需要修改原安全技术措施时，必须经（）同意，并办理修改审批手续。

A.原编制人

B.项目经理

C.设计单位

D.建设单位

【答案】A

【解析】施工安全技术措施表更包括：施工过程中若发生设计变更时，原安全技术措施必须及时变更，否则不准施工；施工过程中由于各方面原因所致，确实需要修改原安全技术措施时，必须经原编制人同意，并办理修改审批手续。14热处理时固体废物的一种处理方式，不属于热处理方法进行固体废物处理方式的是（）。

A.焚烧

B.热解

C.焙烧

D.脱水干燥

【答案】D

【解析】固体废物的处理方式包括：物理处理、化学处理、生物处理、热处理、固化处理、回收利用和循环再造。其中，热处理由焚烧、热解、焙烧、烧结等方法。D 项属于物理处理的方法。平行发包模式致命的弱点是（）。

A.费用控制难度大

B.对进度控制不利

C.质量控制难度大

http://

D.对组织协调不利

【答案】D

【解析】平行发包模式的致命弱点是业主要负责对所有承包商的组织与协调，承担类似于总承包管理的角色，工作量大，对业主不利。16（）直接关系到工程实施的组织和协调。

A.承发包模式

B.采购模式

C.租赁模式

D.管理模式

【答案】A

【解析】一个项目的建设能否承购，能否进行有效的投资控制、进度控制、质量控制、合同管理及组织协调，很大程度上取决于承发包模式的选择。17 在总承发包模式中，总承包单位（）。

A.承担主体工程施工

B.承担所有工程施工

C.一般不参与具体工程的施工

D.承担半数以上单位工程的施工

【答案】C

【解析】一般情况下，施工总承包管理单位不参与具体工程的施工，而具体工程的施工需要再进行分包单位的招标与发包，把具体工程的施工任务分包给分包商来完成。18 为早日开工，可采用较为适宜的模式的是（）。

A.平行承发包

B.施工总承包

C.施工总承包管理

D.分别承发包

【答案】C

【解析】采用施工总承包管理模式时，工程实体可以化整为零，分别进行分包单位的招标，即每完成一部分工程的施工图就招标一部分，从而使该部分工程的施工提前到整个项目设计阶段尚未完全结束之前进行，施工总承包管理模式可以在很大程度上缩短建设周期。19 劳务分包合同中，劳务分包人应（）。

A.负责工程测量定位、沉降观测、技术交底

B.协调与发包人、建立、设计及有关部门的工作关系

C.自行准备有关的生产、生活临时设施

D.承担由于自身责任造成的质量修改、返工、工期拖延、安全事故、现场脏乱所赞成的损失及各种罚款

【答案】D

【解析】AB 项属于工程发包人的主要义务； C 项中工程承包人有责任向劳务分包人提供有关的生产、生活临时设施。承包人未通知监理人到场检查，私自将工程隐蔽部位覆盖的，监理人有权指示承包人钻孔探测或解开检查，由此增加的费用由（）承担。

A.发包人

B.监理人

C.承包人

http://

D.监理人与承包人共同

【答案】C

【解析】承包人未通知监理人到场检查，私自将工程隐蔽部位覆盖的，监理人有权指示承包人钻孔探测或解开检查，由此增加的费用和工期延误由承包人承担。

2024年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析 篇2

(二)Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(10 points, 1 point for each item)

从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1．We feel it a pity that he didn’t live up to _____________had been expected of him.A．which

B．all what

C．what

D．that

2．As a painter, Ted was very ___________ about the colors he used.A．specific

B．special

C．peculiar

D．particular

3．A major-party nominee has the critical advantage in the campaign for the presidential election _____________ he has the support from the party-faithful.A．in that

B．in which

C．for which

D．for that

4．The doctors are ___________ about the guidelines under which they can carry out euthanasia.A．at a stretch

B．at a loss

C．at random

D．at length

5．Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, ___________it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist.A．were

B．was

C．being

D．be

6．Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions;others ___________ under pressure.A．fall out

B．fall apart

C．fall back on

D．fall in with

7．I have no idea what’s standing ___________ accomplishing our goals and objectives.A．in the way of

B．on the way to

C．by way of

D．in one’s way of

8．He will not make a ___________ on LaSane’s side of the conversation.A．statement

B．reference

C．comment

D．note

9．Never before ___________ so rapidly developing as it is today.A．has our country been

B．our country has been

C．has been our country

D．our country hasn’t been

10．In some big cities in America, there are three or four elementary schools and secondary schools, ___________.A．with each within one’s walking or cycling distance

B．each within one’s walking or cycling distance

C．it is within one’s walking or cycling distance

D．with each that is within one’s walking or cycling distance

Ⅱ．Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item)

下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

Eye contact is important, because too little or too much eye contact may cause communication problems.It is important in relationships because it helps to show closeness, attention and influence.with facial expressions, there are no specific rules

eye behavior

that it is considered rude to stare, especially

strangers.It is, , common for two strangers to walk toward each other，eye contact, smile and perhaps even say “Hi!”The strangers may immediately look

and forget that they even had any contact.This type of glance does not mean much;it is simply a way of acknowledging another person’s

.In a conversation too little eye contact may be seen negatively because it

lack of interest, inattention and even mistrust.The relationship between mistrust and lack of eye contact is shown directly in the expression, “Never trust a person who can’t look you

the eye.”

11．A．Like

B．As

C．Likely

D．Together

12．A．governing

B．govern

C．governed

D．being governed

13．A．besides

B．beside

C．except

D．except for

14．A．for

B．at

C．to

D．in

15．A．moreover

B．furthermore

C．but

D．however

16．A．make

B．to make

C．making

D．made

17．A．down

B．up

C．away

D．out

18．A．absent

B．present

C．absence

D．presence

19．A．conveys

B．conceals

C．conducts

D．consists

20．A．to

B．in

C．at

D．out of

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Young people often wonder at the large number of employers who do not respond to their applications for jobs.They say that despite enclosing return envelopes they hear nothing at all or , at best , an impersonal(无人情味的)note is sent declaring that the post for which they applied has been filled.Applicants often suspect that job vacancies are set aside for friends and relatives and that advertisements are only put to prevent this accusation(指责).Many of them are tired of writing away and feel that if only they could obtain an interview with the right person their application would meet with success.Not to acknowledge applicants’ letters is impolite and there seems little excuse for this, yet even sending brief replies to the many who apply takes much time and money.That so-called return envelope may not have been stamped by the sender, and an office manger under the heavy workload may be reluctant to send off long letters of explanation to disappointed job-hunters.A brief note is all that can be managed and even that depends on the policy of the firm.But the difficulty is reasonably easy to remove with a little goodwill.21．It can be inferred from the first paragraph that applicants have good reasons to believe that the posts they apply for_______________.A．are only for the purpose of advertisement

B．are reserved for friends and relatives

C．are not there at all

D．are not good enough to satisfy their needs

22．Many job-hunters think that they can get a job if_______________.A．they write more letters of application

B．they find the right person

C．they have more success

D．they can get an interview

23．The chief reason for a manager not to acknowledge applicants’ letters is that _________________.A．it takes a lot of time and money

B．it takes a lot of trouble

C．it requires a lot of efforts

D．it requires a lot of energy

24．The author thinks that a letter to an applicant should be_______________.A．a long one

B．a short one

C．a brief one with a little goodwill

D．one with full explanation

25．What is the major complaint of job-hunters?

A．They have no chance to see the manager.B．Their letters of application often get no response.C．Job advertisements are totally a lie.D．Writing application letters takes up too much of their time.Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Let’s look at another example of how people’s communication patterns differ: the way people converse.Some foreigners have observed that when Americans carry on a conversation, it seems as if they are having a Ping-Pong game.One person has the ball and then hits it to the other side of the table.The other player hits the ball back and the game continues.If one person doesn’t return the ball, then the conversation stops.Each part of the conversation follows this pattern: the greeting and the opening, the discussion of a topic, and the closing and farewell.If either person talks too much, the other may become impatient and feel that he is dominating the conversation.Similarly, if one person doesn’t say enough or ask enough questions to keep the conversation going, the conversation stops.Many North Americans, are impatient with culturally different conversation styles simply because the styles are unfamiliar.For example, to many North Americans it seems that some Latin Americans dominate conversations, or hold the ball too long.Speaking of her co-workers from several Latin American countries, one North American woman said, “I just find it difficult to cut in.They seem to take such a long time to express themselves.They give you a lot of unnecessary details.”When she talked with them, she became tense, because she found it so hard to participate.Yet she also noted that when they talked to each other, nobody seemed uncomfortable or left out.The North American woman didn’t know how to interrupt the Latin American conversations because North American ways of listening and breaking in are very different.She had been taught to listen politely until the other person finished talking.(Once again, there are gender(性别)differences;it has been observed that men tend to interrupt women more than women interrupt men.)When the North American woman did what was “natural” or “normal”for her(i.e., listen politely without interrupting), she was not comfortable in the conversation with the Latin Americans.The result was that she became more passive in her conversations with her co-workers.The differences between the unspoken rules of conversation of each cultural group interfered with their on-the-job relationship.26．When North Americans converse together, each one of the group is supposed to_______________.A．participate in the talk

B．play Ping-Pong games

C．interrupt the speaker

D．dominate the conversation

27．When North Americans converse with the Latin Americans, the North Americans would feel_______________.A．involved

B．left out

C．comfortable

D．relaxed

28．To the North Americans, the Latin Americans are_______________.A．polite

B．communicative

C．dominant

D．familiar

29．We can infer from this passage that_______________.A．people from different cultures cannot communicate with each other

B．different conversational styles may affect people’s relationships

C．men are more talkative than women

D．North Americans’ conversational habits are better than those of Latin Americans’

30．The best title for this passage is_______________.A．Different Conversation Styles

B．Different Conversation Topics

C．Different Conversation Processes

D．Different Conversation Effects Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth.What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a college degree, if possible.With a B.A., you’ll have a good start.But now you have to slow down.If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and only from a first-rate university.Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns(报酬递减率)begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long distant truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24, 000, while the full professors managed to earn just $ 23, 030.A Ph.D.(博士)is the highest degree you can get.Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future.There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or under-employed in this country than in any other part of the world.If you become a Ph.D.in English or history or political science or languages or—worst of all—in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands.Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables, and endlessly filling out applications month after month.They may also take a job in some high school or second-rate college that pays much less than what the doorkeeper earns.You can equate(同等看待)the level of income with the level of education only so far.Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.31．Your parents advise you to “get an education” partly because they want you_______________.A．to gain more knowledge

B．to earn more money

C．to get a degree

D．to free yourself from embarrassment

32．From the second paragraph, we can infer that both B.A.and M.B.A.are_______________.A．professions

B．jobs

C．college degrees

D．academic disciplines

33．According to the author, _______________.A．a high degree helps you greatly in finding a satisfactory job

B．a high degree does not necessarily help you to find a satisfactory job

C．the higher degree you get, the more money you can make

D．the higher degree you get, the dimmer future you will face

34．The author would advise you to specialize in the fields of _______________ for a doctor’s degree.A．physics or chemistry

B．English or history

C．political science

D．philosophy

35．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Well-educated professionals sometimes earn less than truck drivers.B．It’s easier for those who specialize in the fields of physics and chemistry to find a job.C．Some Ph.D.graduates work as shop assistants, car drivers, waiters or waitresses, because they cannot find a suitable job.D．Your Ph.D.degree will make your country embarrassed.Ⅳ．Word Spelling(10 points, I point for two items)

将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36．幸存

n.s__ __ __ __ __ __ __

37．遥远的，偏僻的a.r__ __ __ __ __

38．学龄前的a.p__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

39．优点；功绩

n.m__ __ __ __

40．简化

v.s__ __ __ __ __ __ __

41．宇宙的；普遍的a.u__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

42．趋势，倾向

n.t __ __ __ __ __ __ __

43．学术的a.a__ __ __ __ __ __ __

44．容量；能力

n.c__ __ __ __ __ __ __

45．固定住；附加

v.a__ __ __ __ __

46．圆盘；磁盘

n.d__ __ __

47．从事于，参与

v.e__ __ __ __ __

48．现今，现在ad.n__ __ __ __ __ __ __

49．基金；储备

n.f__ __ __

50．保证，担保

v.g__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

51．起初的；独创的a.o__ __ __ __ __ __ __

52．预测，预报

v.f__ __ __ __ __ __ __

53．平静的；和平的a.p__ __ __ __ __ __ __

54．技术员

n.t__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

55．十一月

n.N__ __ __ __ __ __ __

Ⅴ．Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each item)

将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

56．His wife would rather they _____________(not, talk)about the matter any more.57．The earth is one of the nine planets which _____________(revolve)round the sun.58．The presidential candidates in the U.S._____________(concern)with winning the states which have the largest population.59．Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its _____________(compete)advantage over other countries.60．The robots used in nuclear plants to handle the radioactive materials prevent human personnel from ___________(expose)to radiation.61．He has decided to have a look at the house and see if it might be worth _____________(buy).62．It is self-esteem that makes it possible _____________(cope)with the everyday problems of growing up.63．Experts found in an experiment that improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability ___________(result)from daydreaming.64．The nearer a society _____________(approximate)to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be.65．A number of difficulties _____________(arise)since we began to work on the new design.Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English(1 5 points，3 points for each item)

将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66．他解决的问题越多，就越好奇。

67．人们更愿意谈论足球或天气，而不是人寿险。

68．总的来说，休闲是生活的重要组成部分。

69．他们认为还应该考虑到生命的质量。

70．未来机器人，由于装有触觉装置，可承担许多工作。

Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)

将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

Large modern cities are too big to control.They impose their own living conditions on people.City inhabitants are forced by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life.They lose touch with nature.It is possible to live such an air-conditioned life in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons.A few flowers in a public park(if you have the time to visit it)may remind you that it is spring or summer.A few leaves falling down from trees may remind you that it is autumn.Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant.All the simple, good things of life—like sunshine and fresh air—are rare and precious.Tall buildings block the sun.Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere.Even the distinction between day and night is lost.The flow of traffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops.参考答案

Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(l0 points, 1 point for each item)

1．C

2．D

3．B

4．B

5．D

6．B

7．A

8．C

9．A

10．B

Ⅱ．Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item)

11．B

12．A

13．C

14．B

15．D

16．A

17．C

18．D

19．A

20．B

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)

21．B

22．D

23．A

24．C

25．B

26．A

27．B

28．C

29．B

30．A

31．B

32．C

33．B

34．A

35．D

Ⅳ．Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two items)

36．survival

37．remote

38．preschool

39．merit

40．simplify

41．universal

42．tendency

43．academic

44．capacity

45．attach

46．disk/disc

47．engage

48．nowadays

49．fund

50．guarantee

51．original

52．forecast

53．peaceful

54．technician

55．November

Ⅴ．Word Form(10 points for each item)

56．didn’t talk

57．revolves

58．are concerned

59．competitive

60．being exposed

61．buying

62．to cope

63．resulted

64．approximates

65．have arisen

Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)

66．The more problems he solved/resolves, the more curious he was/is.67．People would rather talk about football or weather to life insurance.68．Generally speaking, leisure is an important part of /in life.69．They feel that they should also take the quality of life into account.70．The future robots, assembled with a sense of touch, will have plenty of work to do.Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)

考研英语模拟试题及答案解析 篇3

41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________. [A] the definition of maturity has changed [B] the industrialized society is more developed [C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C) [D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance 42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________. [A] graduations from schools and colleges [B] social recognition [C] socio-economic status(A) [D] certain behavioral changes 43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________. [A] eleven years old [B] sixteen years old [C] twenty-one years old(C) [D] between twelve and twenty-one years old 44. Starting from 22, ________. [A] one will obtain more basic rights [B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have [C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21(C) [D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society 45. According to the passage, it is true that ________. [A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed [B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one [C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A) [D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm 33. D Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年轻人的生活中，能够带来压力的事件，包括宠物的死亡、学业的压力、父母的离异，或者加入新的年轻人群体。[D] event来自拉丁语evenire发生，e-出.外+venire来，发生出来的事就是“(比较重大的)事件”。而句子表语部分恰恰罗列了种种较为重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，[物]证据，证物;[B]accident n. 意外事件，(造成一定伤亡或者损失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒险，冒险的经历。 34. B “学业上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“获得”解时，作及物动词，后及宾语。[D]fulfill vt. 实践，实行，完成，达到，侧重“履行”之意。 35. A The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人们对压力做出的不同的反应方式，可能会带来有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常与to连用)反应，回报，对……有反应，对……起作用;[B] return vt. 归还，回报，(经济)收益;[C] retort v. 反驳，反击;[D]reply vi. 答复，回击，报复，答辩，回答。 36. C One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的压力下。有的人可能会应对非常自如，但是另一个人就完全无法正常发挥。[C] while此处是一个表示转折意义的连词，表示“虽然，但是”。例：You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。类似用法的连词还有whereas。例：Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。

2024年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析 篇4

一、单项选择题

1.“一切以自我为中心”的思维特征。出现在()。A.感知运动阶段 B.前运算阶段 C.具体运算阶段 D.形式运算阶段

2.印度“狼孩”的事例表明，个体在早期心理发展的某一个短暂时期内，对某类刺激特别敏感，一旦错失将难以达到应有的发展水平。心理学上把这一时期称为()。A.最近发展期 B.生长高峰期 C.心理断乳期 D.发展关键期

3.教育要遵循个体身心发展的规律。《学记》中“当其可之谓时，时过然后学则勤苦而难成。”这句话反映了人身心发展过程中存在的()现象。A.关键期 B.依恋期 C.混沌期 D.最近发展期

4.认为儿童身心发展蕴藏着极大的可能性，这体现了儿童具有()特点。A.个体差异性 B.发展性 C.整体性 D.独特性 5.少年期学生所处的年龄阶段是()。A.六一—十一岁 B.七——十二岁

C.十一二岁——十四五岁 D.十一二岁——十六七岁 6.“客体永久性”观念出现在学前儿童思维发展的()阶段。A.象征性阶段 B.感知运动阶段 C.具体运算阶段 D.前运算阶段 7.个体自我意识的发展过程中最先成熟的是()。A.生理自我 B.社会自我 C.心理自我 D.自我检验

二、多项选择题

1.教学环境包括()。

A.基础条件 B.师生关系 C.上下级关系 D.物质环境 E.社会环境

2.教育心理学对教育实践具有()作用。A.描述 B.验证 C.解释 D.预测 E.控制 3.个体自我意识的发展经历了()三个阶段。

A.生理自我 B.虚拟自我 C.社会自我 D.精神自我 E.心理自我

三、判断题

1.儿童心理年龄特征的稳定性都是相对的，而不是绝对的。()2.场独立型学生比场依存型学生的问题解决水平高。()3.认知风格有优劣之分，一般认为场独立型思考问题细致缜密，优于场依从型。()4.埃里克森的心理社会发展理论认为还是应该把中学生当作“孩子”看待。()5.青春期是自我意识发展的第二个飞跃期。()

参考答案及解析

一、单项选择题

1.【答案】B。中公讲师解析：考查皮亚杰认知发展理论的四个阶段，分为感知运动阶段、前运算阶段、具体运算阶段、形式运算阶段。其中“一切以自我为中心”是前运算阶段的典型特征。

2.【答案】D。中公讲师解析：最近发展区是维果斯基提出的，指个体在成人帮助下达到的发展水平与实际水平之间的差距，是两种水平之间的差异。生长高峰期指个体发展的某一时期身高、体重等飞速发展的状况。关键期是劳伦兹提出的，是个体心理发展中的一个短暂时期，在此期间，个体对某种刺激特别敏感，过了这一时期，同样的刺激对之影响很小或没有影响，题中所述为发展关键期。

3.【答案】A。4.【答案】B。5.【答案】C。6.【答案】B。

7.【答案】A。中公讲师解析：自我意识的发展经历了生理自我到社会自我再到心理自我的过程。

二、多项选择题

1.【答案】DE。中公讲师解析：包括物质环境(课堂自然条件、教学设施及空间布置)、社会环境(课堂纪律、同学关系、校风、社会文化等)、教学环境影响学生的学习过程和方法、教师的教学方法以及教学组织等。

2.【答案】ACDE。中公讲师解析：教育心理学对教育实践具有描述、解释、预测和控制的作用。

3.【答案】ACE。

三、判断题

1.【答案】√。

2.【答案】×。中公讲师解析：认知风格或认知方式是个体偏爱的加工信息的方式，无优劣好坏之分，不能决定学习或问题解决水平高低。

2024年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析 篇5

2017年中医执业医师/中医助理医师考试复习期已经拉开帷幕，中医执业医师考试是比较重要的，新的复习期里医学教育网陪伴大家一起度过！医学教育网小编整理了中医执业医师模拟试题，希望对考生有所帮助！B型题

A.推动作用 B.温煦作用 C.防御作用 D.固摄作用 E.气化作用 1.人的生长发育靠气的： 2.使津液变成汗、尿是气的： 3.多尿是与气的哪项功能失常有关： A.元气 B.宗气 C.营气 D.卫气 E.中气 4.对脏腑的功能活动起激发、推动作用的是： 5.主司腠理开合的是： 6.能营养全身、化生血液的是：

A.润泽肌肤 B.化生血液 C.温煦脏腑 D.充养脑髓 E.化生神志 7.营气的作用是： 8.津的生理功能是： 9.液的生理功能是： A.肝 B.心 C.脾 D.肺 E.肾 10.津液的生成不足，主要责之于： 11.与尿液的生成和排泄关系最密切的是： 12.与汗液的排泄关系最密切的是：

A.肺脾肾 B.心脾肝肾 C.心肺肝脾 D.脾肺肾肝 E.心肺脾肾 13.与气的生成关系最为密切的是： 14.与血的运行关系最为密切的是： 15.与津液的输布关系最为密切的是： A.脾胃 B.肺 C.心 D.肝 E.肾 16.一身气机的枢纽是指：

17.可以直接调节和影响全身气机的升降出入的是：

18.可以疏通和调畅气机的是：

A.气机不畅 B.气滞 C.气逆 D.气陷 E.气结 19.气的运动受阻，运动不利时，称为：

20.气的运动受阻较甚，在某些局部发生郁滞不通时，称为： 21.气的出入运动不及而结聚于体内者，称为： A.气滞 B.气逆 C.气陷 D.气闭 E.气脱 22.气的由下向上运动太过，称为： 23.气的上升不及而下降太过，称为： 24.气的由里向外运动太过，称为： A.元气 B.宗气 C.营气 D.卫气 E.中气 25.人体生命活动的原动力是指： 26.积于胸中之气称为： 27.水谷之悍气是指： A.心 B.肝 C.脾 D.肺 E.肾 28.血液运行的动力主要在于： 29.能助心行血的是：

30.能固摄血液在脉中运行的是： A.心 B.肝 C.肺 D.肾 E.脾胃 31.血液的生成与何项关系最为密切： 32.津液的生成与何项关系最为密切： 33.对津液的输布起主宰作用的是：

A.气虚血少 B.气虚血瘀 C.气虚出血 D.气随血脱 E.血虚气亏 34.气生血功能失常可见： 35.气行血功能失常可见： 36.气摄血功能失常可见：

A.气虚 B.气脱 C.气滞 D.气闭 E.气逆 37.血虚可导致： 38.大失血时可导致： 39.水液停滞可导致：

A.推动作用 B.温煦作用 C.防御作用 D.固摄作用 E.调控作用 40.血液循行的动力是指气的： 41.控制着津液排泄是指气的： 42.津液输布和排泄的动力是指气的： X型题

1.构成人体的基本物质是： A.精 B.气 C.血 D.津 E.液 2.与气的来源和生成有关的是：

A.先天禀赋 B.后天饮食营养 C.自然环境 D.肺肾的功能 E.脾胃的功能 3.与气的生成密切相关的脏腑是： A.脾 B.胃 C.肺 D.肾 E.三焦 4.气的固摄作用体现在：

A.固摄血液 B.固摄汗液 C.固摄唾液 D.固摄二便 E.固摄精液 5.人体气化失常，可影响到：

A.气血津液的新陈代谢 B.饮食物的消化吸收 C.汗液的排泄 D.体温的相对恒定 E.大、小便的排泄 6.气机失调可导致：

A.血液上逆 B.血液外溢 C.血行迟缓 D.津液停滞 E.小便异常 7.气的分类依据是：

A.基本含义 B.功能特点 C.生成来源 D.分布部位 E.历代医家的共识 8.与元气的生成密切相关的脏腑有： A.肺 B.肾 C.脾 D.胃 E.三焦 9.宗气的盛衰关系到：

A.呼吸的强弱 B.血液的运行 C.视听的正常 D.腠理的开合 E.津液的布散 10.卫气的功能有：

A.温分肉 B.肥腠理 C.司开合 D.充皮肤 E.生津液 11.与血液的生成关系密切的是： A.心 B.肝 C.脾 D.胃 E.肾 12.参与血液运行的脏腑组织有：

A.心 B.肺 C.肝 D.脾 E.脉 13.血液运行必备的条件是：

A.营气充沛 D.津液滑利 C.血流充盈 D.脉道通畅 E.脏腑功能正常 14.固摄血液的重要因素是：

A.心的主血 B.脾的统血 C.肝的藏血 D.肝的疏泄 E.肺朝百脉 15.与津液的生成有密切关系的是： A.脾 B.胃 C.小肠 D.大肠 E.三焦 16.与津液的输布有密切关系的是： A.肺 B.脾 C.肾 D.肝 E.三焦 17.与津液的排泄有密切关系的是： A.肺 B.脾 C.肾 D.膀胱 E.三焦

18.在津液代谢过程中，以哪三脏作用最为重要： A.肺 B.脾 C.肾 D.肝 E.心 19.津液的正常排泄途径是： A.汗 B.呼气 C.尿 D.粪 E.呕吐物 20.津主要分布于：

A.血脉 B.肌肉 C.皮肤 D.脑髓 E.孔窍 21.液主要灌注于：

A.骨节 B.脏腑 C.脑髓 D.肌肤 E.孔窍 22.津液的功能是：

A.润泽肌肤 B.滑利关节 C.充养脑髓 D.充养血脉 E.寓神养神 23.津液的生成、输布和排泄，依赖于气的：

A.推动作用 B.温煦作用 C.防御作用 D.固摄作用 E.气化作用 24.血的营养滋润的作用体现在：

A.面色红润 B.肌肉丰满壮实 C.皮肤润泽 D.毛发乌黑光泽 E.感觉和运动灵活自如

25.生殖之精的化生与施泄有度，依赖于：

A.天癸促发 B.肾气封藏 C.肝气疏泄 D.脾气运化 E.以上都对 26.人体之精的功能有以下哪几个方面：

A.繁衍生命 B.濡养 C.化血 D.化气 E.化神

27.一身之气与邪气相对而言称为正气，具有哪些作用： A.防御 B.抗邪 C.调节 D.康复 E.出汗

28.血液的化生是在哪几个脏腑的共同作用下完成的： A.脾胃 B.心 C.肺 D.肾 E.肝 29.化神之源是指：

A.精 B.气 C.血 D.津液 E.以上都对 30.气化的具体体现有：

A.精血互化 B.精化为气 C.精化为髓 D.津血互化 E.津化为汗 31.人体之精源于：

A.肾精 B.先天之精 C.后天之精 D.脏腑之精 E.生殖之精 32.神的具体体现有：

A.眼神 B.表情 C.言语 D.应答 E.神志 33.人身之三宝是指： A.精 B.气 C.血 D.津液 E.神

34.“气随津脱”病理变化的形成原因包括：

A.剧烈呕吐 B.大量泄泻 C.大量饮水 D.过用发汗方法 E.过用下法 B型题答案解析

1.A 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.E 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.B 21.E 22.B 23.C 24.E 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.C 31.E 32.E 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.A 41.D 42.A X型题答案解析

1.ABCDE 2.ABCDE 3.ABCD 4.ABCDE 5.ABCE 6.ABCDE 7.BCD 8.BCD 9.ABC 10.ABCD 11.ABCDE 12.ABCDE 13.CDE 14.BC 15.ABCD 16.ADCDE 17.ACD 18.ABC 19.ABCD 20.ABCE 21.ABC 22.ABCD 23.ABDE 24.ABCDE 25.ABCDE 26.ABCDE 27.ABCD 28.ABCD 29.ABCDE 30.ABCDE 31.BC 32.ABCDE 33.ABE 34.ABDE