高考语法填空解题方法

2024-11-18

高考语法填空解题方法（共8篇）

高考语法填空解题方法篇1

用括号里的单词的正确形式填空：如果括号里的单词是动词，则看句子的主语是人还是物。

若主语是人，则通常用现在分词(即用动词的ing形式);若主语是物，则通常用过去分词(常考不规则动词的过去分词)。

但如果括号里的单词是表示人心情状态的动词，若主语是人，则在这个词后面加ed;若主语是物，则在这个词后面加ing。如：

1. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of

time, (37)_______(think) that all animals are used to living outdoors.

解析：句子不缺谓语(即动词)，且owners(主人)与think(认为)是主动关系，故用动词的现在分词thinking表主动，答案为：thinking。

2. If (42) ______(leave) alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.

解析：If从句省略了主语(当主从句两个句子主语相同时，常省略从句主语)，

补充完整为：If dogs and cats are left alone outside 狗和猫是被主人留在室外，故用被动语态 be + 动词的过去分词。但英语中为了避免重复啰嗦，省去了dogs and cats，此时直接用动词leave的过去分词left表dogs and cats与leave是被动关系，答案为：left。

3. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is (45)_________(interest).

解析：it代指this story(主语是物)，应用interesting(令人感兴趣的)，interested感兴趣的，应是某人对某物/人感兴趣。此句译为：不管这个故事是真还是假，它真地令人感兴趣，答案为：interesting。

4. After I said hi to my angry father and 21_______(tire) uncle.

解析：tiring 令人疲惫的，tired 疲惫的，应是生气的父亲和疲惫的叔叔，

答案为：tired。

考点分类总结：

1. 冠词：看后面的名词有没有加s,没加s表泛指用a、an;表特指用the。横线后有单词most/top,用the表示形容词或副词的最高级。the other表两个人、物中的另一个。序数词前面要用the。(the top floor 最顶层)

2. 名词：用括号里所给单词的复数形式，多数直接加s。

3. 词性：形容词修饰名词，即adj + n;副词修饰动词，即v + adv，副词常常放在动词后面，有时也放在动词前面。如果是一个句子，也用括号里所给单词的副词形式，即副词修饰句子。副词修饰形容词，即adv + adj。

4. 时态: 找连词and/but，如果and/but前面的动词用一般过去时，后面的动词也用一般过去时。

5. 语态：被动语态和主动语态。若主语是人，则用现在分词(即用动词的ing形式);若主语是物，则用过去分词。

6. 代词(人称代词和反身代词)：如果前面出现的单词后面再次出现/提到，用作主语时，单数用it，复数用they;用作宾语时，单数用it，复数用them。(his/her/their)反身代词如：herself/himself/themselves/yourselves.

有时也考不定代词：others 其它的...

7. 连词：表并列用and, 表转折用but，表因果用because(因为)/so(因此)。

如遇见 ________，直接用however。短文改错通常将and与but互换。

其它考试连词：as正如/whether是否/until直到

8. 引导词：常考定语从句，先行词指人，用who/that;先行词指物，用which/that;先行词指时间，用when;先行词指地点，用where;先行词指原因，用why;先行词即有人又有物，用that。

若无先行词，找从句有无动词do/did/need或介词about/with等。若有，句子缺宾语，用what;若无，用that。

引导词在从句中一般作主语，看be动词前有无主语。若无(定语从句)，则用who/which;若有(状语从句)，则用when/where/because。句子不缺任何成分时，引导词也用that。

9. 介词搭配总结：

(1) with表伴随，译为“随着”;用;和，同。

如随着经济的发展：with the development of economy;这个老师面带笑容走进了教室: The teacher came in the classroom, with smiling.

固定搭配：help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

He wrote his name with his left hand. 他用左手写自己的名字。

(2)in：用;在...里;在...方面

in the room 在房间里;speak in English 用英语说;in this way 用这种方式;He does well in English. 在英语方面，他学得很好。

(3)of ...的，如：He is a friend of me. 他是我的一个朋友。

Of + 名词 = 形容词，如：of use = useful 有用的

(4)from：阻止;来自;从

如：stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 =keep sb from doing sth;keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事

from A to B，从A到B

(5)for：为(表目的);因为(表原因);对于

如：sell works for money 为了钱把作品卖掉;thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助

It is easy for me to solve the problem. 对我来说，解决这个问题很容易。

It must have rained, for the ground is wet.一定下过雨，因为地面是湿的。

(此处for为连词，起解释说明的作用。)

(6)like ：prep.像(用于举例) ;v.喜欢

I know they call it a lot of fancy names,16______upright(正直的)

and straightforward (坦率的).

答案：用介词like举例，此句译为：我知道他们称呼它(诚实)有许多好的名字，

像正直、坦率之类的。

(7)as：prep.作为(后接表人身份、职业的名词) conj.正如;当...时;由于

Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (36) _________ they are.

答案：用连词as正如，此句译为：有时主人会忘记他们的宠物正如他们一样，习惯待在温暖的庇护所里。

I worked 16_____a volunteer at Stanford Hospital.

答案：用介词as作为，此句译为：我作为一名志愿者在斯坦福医院工作。

(8)before：在...之前;after 在...之后(可作连词、介词)

(9)about：prep.关于;大约

10. 非谓语结构(动词现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式)

形容词、enough后接动词不定式to do，如：

I’m glad to see you here. 或 Nice to meet you.

You’re old enough to go to school.

I learned a very important lesson from my father:24_______(respect) time and never be late to get someone.

解析：此处考点是非谓语：动词现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式，而and后用的be, 不是was/were，只有动词不定式to +动原，故答案为：To respect。

【注】过去分词的作用：

(1)表被动;

(2)表完成;

(3)既表被动又表完成。

With the problem 8_______(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.

解析：problem 与solve是被动关系，因为问题是被解决，故用动词solve的过去分词solved表被动, 答案为：solved。

Compared with the 9______(escape) driver, I was proud of what I did. (改错)

解析：全句译为：与已逃走的司机相比较，我对我做的事感到自豪。我是被拿来与司机比较，用过去分词compared表被动;司机已逃离现场，应用过去分词

escaped表动作已完成，答案为escaped。

◎ including sth 包括 ... = sth included ... 被包括在其中

There will be five people for dinner, ______ (include) you and me.

There will be five people for dinner, you and me _________ (include).

解析：今晚有5人吃饭，包括你和我，或你和我被包括在其中。故第一题用include的现在分词including表主动，第二题用include的过去分词included表被动。

◎ need/require doing sth = need/require to be done 需要做……

Eg: The house requires painting. 这房子需要刷漆。

= The house requires to be painted.(同need的用法)

◎ have/make/get sth done 使某事被做

We have madehadgot the TV repaired.

我们已经请人把电视机修好了。

I had my hair cut at the barber’s around the corner.

我已经在角落的那个理发店把头发理了。(过去分词表被动、完成)

11. 主谓一致：动名词、动词不定式和句子作主语，谓语均用单数。

Choosing what you read and doing it by yourself 7_______(mean)

that it’s something you do by and for yourself.

解析：动名词作主语，不管是1个还是2个，谓语均用单数，答案为：means。

此句译为：选择你读的东西并自己独自去做，这就意味着你亲自去做了某件事或为自己去做了某件事。

12. 形容词或副词的比较级和最高级：比较级的标志是than，考题通常为看见句中有形容词或副词的比较级，用than;看见句中有than，用括号里所给的形容词或副词的比较级形式。The + 比较级，the + 比较级. 越...越...

如：The more, the better. 越多越好。

形容词或副词的最高级前一定要加the，或加人称代词。

13. 情态动词：must 非要，一定(考得较少)

语法填空总结：对于括号里所给的单词，我们通常不直接用它的原形。其次，

所填单词不超过3个。

高考语法填空解题方法篇2

一、新题型语法填空的试题特点

过去单项选择的题型主要专注于测试学生的语法掌握能力,新题型语法填空不仅需要学生有较好的英语基础知识,还需要对全文有较为准确的理解和把握,可以说新题型是原先单选填空和完型填空两类题型命题思路的有机结合。题型难度的增加标志着学生要想在这一板块有更高的得分需要更扎实的英语专业知识和语言应用能力,学生应该清晰地认识到新题型对词汇、语法以及句型等知识有很高的要求,因此在日常的学习过程中要将学习的重点专注于基础知识的掌握及语言的应用方面,同时还要加强对思维培训的练习。新题型的难度也表现在无可供选择的选项,只有通过扎实的语法基础才能正确答题,这也反映出新题型对“突出语篇,强调运用”命题思路的有效践行,希望以此促进学生将语言学习的重点放于语言的交际功能上。

二、新题型语法填空的解题策略

(一)解题思路

学生在完成语法填空这一题型时,通读全文理解大意是应对该题型的首要要求,其次正确应用语篇理解及语法等英语基础知识来分析文章的架构,虽然这类题型对学生的英语基础知识及语言应用能力有很高的要求,但就其出题规律而言仍是有迹可循。通常这类题型的空白区域的出题策略主要集中于两大板块,一是自由式填空,主要考察学生对英语词汇词性、固定搭配以及语言逻辑关系的掌握;另一种则是提示性填空,这类答案更多地是针对学生时态、语态、比较级以及词性转化等方面基础知识的掌握,与过去选择填空仅有唯一正确答案不同,这类题型填空的答案并不固定,只有所填答案能符合语言环境和语法正确即可,因此,学生应对这类题型需重视以下几方面的内容:

通读篇章,把握主旨。学生要在较短的时间内通读文章,了解文章的主旨大意。在通读文章时要特别注意理解文章开头和结尾语句的意思,通常而言,文章的祈使句是整篇文章的主旨,文章结尾则更多地表明作者的观点,因此对首尾语句意思的掌握有助于学生快速理解文章宗旨及作者的观点。此外,在通读文章时,学生也要思考空白区域应填词汇的范围,词汇的语法形式大概应有怎样的转变,为保证自己的思考答案的准确率更高,要注意对文章关键语句的掌握,实现对文章中的人物、时间、地点、事情经过等基本脉络有较为准确的把握,从而正确挖掘作者的意见及观点等。

尝试填空,突破难点。在通读全文对文章大意做大致了解之后就可以尝试填空,词汇的填空可以在对文章语境详细分析的基础上遵循先易后难的原则,将有把握的较为简单的所缺单词填入之后,再细细推敲整个句子的结构、语法、词性以及时态等,思考所填词汇在句中是否符合文章的逻辑关系以及单词形式是否正确等,并在对文章更加深入了解的基础上将空缺单词一一填上。

复查全文,排除误漏。空格全被填好之后,要把整篇文章从头至尾再读一遍。在阅读的过程中去体会文章的流畅性,与此同时检查和改正其中的错误。

(二)解题技巧

明确考查要求。针对语法填空这个新题型,首先要分析题型特点和命题思路,了解题目的考点范围及设题角度,有针对性地对考查重点和难点进行训练突破。

进行强化训练。以前没有接触过这个题型,要想轻松应对夺取高分,一定要进行强化训练,在训练中体会解题的思路和提升解题的技能。

具体解题思路。(1)熟悉语境。填写前一定要弄清楚所给语境,并结合上下文理解语境。(2)对于自由式填空常考查的连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词,不仅要牢记它们的意思,更要熟记它们的语法功能,确保在考试时能准确地填入空白处。(3)对于提示性填空的动词,要注意其形式的可能变化,分析好谓语和非谓语的关系和所填空的依据。

有鉴于地区教学差异,各地对语法填空这一新题型的熟悉度亦存在不同,有些地区过去几乎未曾接触这一题型,有些地区却早已将该类题型运用于学生的英语测试当中,但值得注意的是众多学生极易在这一题型中丢分。熟练掌握新题型语法填空的题型特点与解题策略,是提升学生英语语言的实际应用功能,迎接新课标题型改革的关键环节。

摘要：自2014年开始,新课标对高考英语考试题型做出调整。新课程背景下为实现学以致用的目的,考试重点更多地关注于英语语言的实际应用功能,试卷题型由以往单选填空的题型变成了篇章型语法填空。题型的变化对学生的语言感知能力有了更高的要求,反映出与过去注重对学生对语法知识的掌握相比,新课标更加注重学生语言应用及分析方面的能力,为有效应对这一变革,本文尝试探讨高考英语新题型语法填空的解题策略。

高考语法填空解题方法篇3

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上。

I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle)into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.

I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry)till far into the night.

When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .

解析本文讲述了作者的车坏了以后，借宿在一个偏远、贫穷的村庄中，在那里受到淳朴村民热情招待的事情。

31. broke 全文描述的是过去发生的事情，使用的是过去时。此处应用 break的过去式，作时间状语从句的谓语。

32. who who引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。

33. as receive me as a guest意为“把我当客人来接待”。

34. settled get sb. done是固定用法，get me settled意为“把我安顿好”。

35. a 第一次提到，用不定冠词，表示大约20公里远的一个小镇。

36. where where引导定语从句，修饰 a small town，where在从句中作状语。

37. Other/Some 由上句可知女主人给作者炖了鸡，此句说的是其他(Other)或是有些(Some)村民给他带来了山羊奶和蜂蜜。

38. merrily修饰动词talked，应用副词merrily。

39. forreward sb. for sth.是习惯用法，“为某事报答某人”。

40. her cause sb. some trouble意为“给某人带来麻烦”。

从命题的内容来看，语法填空融合了词汇、固定短语、语境、生活常识以及文化素养等多个层次的要求；从能力要求来看，其更注重英语知识的综合运用。这类题的解题方法主要涉及以下几个方面：

1. 巧用“语篇意识”和“上下文照应原则”

从宏观角度来看，“语篇意识”就是从整体上理解语言材料所表述的主旨大意。在此基础上，考生在词汇的选择上才不至于不着边际，一片茫然；从微观角度上来看，词汇的选择离不开具体的语境。所以，在选词填空时，考生必须遵循一个原则：词不离句，句不离篇。“上下文照应原则”不同于“语篇意识”，它主要考虑的是词汇的照应：同义语义群的照应、同义或反义词的照应、逻辑词的照应以及平行结构的照应等。利用这一原则，对填入适当的词会有一定的帮助，有时能达到事半功倍的效果。

2. 活用语法知识，确定词语的正确形式

不论空格处的词是直接填入的，还是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空的，都必须灵活运用语法知识，考虑该词的词性及其相关变化的问题，从而确定词语的正确形式。比如，如果是谓语动词，必须考虑时态;若是非谓语动词，则要考虑是ed形式，还是ing形式;如果是名词，必须考虑单数、复数形式问题;如果是形容词、副词，必须考虑比较等级、同义词、反义词问题;如果是数词，则要考虑是基数词还是序数词问题。

3. 积累文化生活常识，注意解题的规范性

“处处留心皆学问”，积累丰富的生活常识，增强对跨文化知识的了解，对提高答题的准确率也是大有裨益的。“细节决定成败”，注意解题的规范性，不丢不应该丢的分数，也是每位考生应具备的基本理念。

“语法填空”题对广大考生提出了新的学习要求和目标，但它也给英语学习增添了新的乐趣。只要同学们在平时的学习和练习中多加揣摩、多加留心，就一定能在高考中取得好成绩。

演练PK台

Why is setting goals so 1 ? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything 2 you want in life. Instead 3 just letting life happen to you, goals allow 4 to make your life happen.

5 (success) and happy people have set lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. Its 6 having a map to show you 7 you want to go.

Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and 8 (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals arent difficult to set, and 9 arent difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are 10 one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.

参考答案

1. important 2. that 3. of 4. yourself

5. Successful 6. like 7. where 8. setting

语法填空高效解题密招篇4

方法探究一：

1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ____walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.I’m glad I made a choice.It made ___ of us feel good.3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like __?”

4.(2009)...although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ____.5.(2009)Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult __was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.6.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960—1279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about

__day and night.7.(2007)I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused __.归纳总结：

方法探究二：

1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had __ amazing conversation.2.(2010)Ａ young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.____water was sweet.3.(2010)The young man went home with a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let

_______ student taste the water.4.(2009)Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet

5.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960 — 1279)was very anxious to help ___rice crop grow up quickly.6.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to

__ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.7.(2007)I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.___________ villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.归纳总结：

方法探究三：

1.(2011)I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ___his own either.2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home _____a happy heart.3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes __ sale.4.(2009)When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already __ table having supper.5.(2008)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life.________ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.6.(2008)He was very tired _________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy.7.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me __ a guest in their house.8.(2007)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman __ the trouble I had caused her.归纳总结：

方法探究四：

1.(2011)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ____ the bus arrived.2.(2011)Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk,...3.(2010)He filled his leather container so that he____ could bring some back to an elder had been his teacher.4.(2010)We understand this lesson best ____ we receive gifts of love from children.5.(2009)Jane paused in front of a counter _____ some attractive ties were on display.6.(2008)One day, he came up with an idea ____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.7.(2008)He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.8.(2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ___ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.9.(2007)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away

_____ there was a garage.10.(2010佛山二模)The robbers came in at about 22: 00 on Saturday ____ left at 07: 00 on Sunday.归纳总结：

方法探究五：

1.(2010茂名二模)Listen to these words from Darwin P.Kingsley: “You have powers you never dreamed of.You can do things you never thought you _____ do.There are no limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.”

2.(2010茂名一模)I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I ____happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it.He was thrilled.3.(2009茂名二模)What’s amazing is that Pluto _______ understand everything dad says.Their communication is as near to being perfect as possible...Each seems to know what the other needs at any time.Never once _____I heard anyone shout at Pluto or even raise their voices.4.(2007肇庆二模)Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball game, __ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened.5.(2010年韶关二模)It was not until 1840 ____the official organization known as the Penny Post was established in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries.归纳总结：

方法探究六：

1.(2011)He ______________(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.2.(2010)After a four-day journey, the young man _______(present)the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink 3.(2009)...people stepped on your feet or _______(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.4.(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane ____________(inform).5.(2008)Being too anxious to help an event develop often ______(result)in the contrary to our intention.6.(2007)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car _____(break)down near a remote village.归纳总结：

方法探究七：

1.(2011)I noticed a man _________(sit)at the front.2.(2009)She wished that he was as easy

______(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.3.(2009)She wished that he was as easy

______(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.4.(2008)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ________(help)it grow”, is based on the following story.5.(2007)While she was getting me _____

(settle)into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car 归纳总结：

方法探究八： 1.(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment _____(late)that day.2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be _______(sweet).3.(2008)...he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day...he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” ______(high).4.(2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes _________(possible), to get rid of.It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.归纳总结：

方法探究九：

高考英语语法填空篇5

Has changing cell phone accessories(小挂件)become part of your life?Although you ，fluffy(毛茸茸的)Teddy Bears that change colour according to the temperature，while many boys like taking accessories that say things such as “The teacher is coming.”

Try sticking photos(大头照).They are cheap，wallet. You choose special backgrounds of cartoon figures to show your

individuality(个性).

答案：

专项训练(1)1.when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom 6.that/which 7.who/that

8.which 9.which 10.As

专项训练(2)1.when 2.that 3.That 4.that 5.that 6.Whether 7.that 8.how 9.What

10.Why

专项训练(3)1.was 2.did 3.only 4.gain 5.until 6.as 7.an 8.been 9.Were

10.Than 11.so 12.when 13.Neither 14.are 15.is 16.is 17.have 18.likes

19.are playing 20.is delivering 21.is focusing 22.cheer/cheers 23.are

专项训练(4)1.to leave 2.frightened 3.to study 4.to do 5.to go 6.to study 7.to study

8.to go 9.increased/increasing 10.to recognize 11.to experience 12.experienced

专项训练(5)1.has been done 2.has been completed 3.is being built 4.are collecting 5.will be spent 6.is being made 7.will be put 8.are being improved 9.are being planted 10.is

going to be painted

专项训练(6) 1.were 2.is 3.but 4.worked 5.should do 6.should finish 7.is 8.was

9.were 10.gave(should give) 11.should not play 12.or(otherwise) 13.Without 14.asked

15.had finished

专项训练(7)1.have to 2.can 3.may 4.can/will 5.can/may 6.may 7.can 8.may 9.can

2020高考英语语法填空考点篇6

England，Mary

2)泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词。例如：

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如：

Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

4)物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如：

Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。

5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如：

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如：

The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词。例如：

have breakfast，play chess。

8)当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词。例如：

by bus，by train。

9)有些个体名词不用冠词。当school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如：

go to hospital 去医院看病

go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)

10)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词时。

b. 序数词作副词。例如：

He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。

c. 在固定词组中。例如：

at(the)first，first of all，from first to last

英语语法填空题型分析及解题策略篇7

语法填空对于全国卷来说是一个崭新的题型, 但是对于全国其他的许多省市来说语法填空已经在考卷中出现若干年的时间了。虽然考生们都在积极地应对语法填空。但是考生在这一项上还是很容易失分。因此, 熟悉其题型特点, 并合理运用解题策略, 解题技巧来提高测试题型分数是很有必要的。笔者根据分析归纳, 从题型特点, 解题方式和训练方法等角度总结了如下内容:

1 试题特点

语法填空这种新题型既具备了单项填空的考查学生基础知识的特点又具备了完型填空需读懂文意才能正确答题特点。可以说是单项填空和完型填空的结合与提升。此题的难度是要比单纯的选择答案高出很多的, 因此在对学生平时的思维培养练习上就有很高的要求。语法填空侧重考查语言知识在具体语篇中的意义, 不仅能够考查学生在词汇, 语法和句型方面的知识, 并且能够强调学生在语言学习方面的语言交际功能。其“突出语篇, 强调运用”的命题思路充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则, 也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念。相较语法选择题, 语法填空没有可供排除的选项, 需要考生有更扎实的语法基础, 考生很容易出现失误, 因而难度加大。

2 解题方法

2.1 解题步骤

学生在做语法填空题目时, 首先要通篇阅读, 掌握文章的主旨大意和大概内容, 其次应该合理地运用已学的语法和语篇理解知识来得出正确的结构。这种题型是有规律可寻的。从设置填空的特点上看, 可将空白处分为两类:一类是自由式填空, 主要考查冠词, 代词, 介词, 连词, 情态动词, 逻辑关系及固定搭配等。另一类是提示性填空, 主要考查动词的时态, 语态, 非谓语动词形式, 词性转换及比较级等。填空的答案可能并不是唯一的, 只要符合语法, 意思准确就都是正确答案。针对此现象, 学生在答题时, 要努力做到如下几点:

(1) 通读全文, 理解大意。学生要能够迅速地浏览全文, 了解文章的主旨大意, 特别是文章的首尾句, 为填空做好充分准备, “语意”决定着空白处应该填什么意思的词语和填词所要采取的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中, 为了更好地把握文章大意, 就要弄清楚文章的体裁, 中心思想, 写作主线, 段落大意, 段落层次等。通常首句都是介绍文章主旨的句子, 尾句是表明自己观点的句子。其次, 要注意关键词, 特别是关于时间, 地点, 人物, 事件的起因, 经过, 结果的句子;除此之外, 学生还要从文章的逻辑结构, 上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。

(2) 尝试填空, 突破难点。在通读全文, 基本把握文章大意的基础上对空白处进行填空。填空时要结合短文所提供的特定的语境 (也就是上下文) , 运用语法知识仔细分析句子结构和语意, 从句子结构的方面, 从语法方面去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性, 然后再根据句子的意义, 以及句与句之间的逻辑关系来确定具体所填单词的正确形式。在解题过程中, 可先按照语意填写处较容易的词语, 稍有难度的题目可以在大部分空格填好后, 再仔细推敲, 确定要填词的正确形式。

(3) 重读全文, 排除误漏。空格全被填好之后, 要把整篇文章从头至尾再读一遍。在阅读的过程中去体会文章的流畅性, 与此同时检查和改正其中的错误。

2.2 应考技巧

(1) 明确考查要求。针对语法填空这个新题型, 首先要分析题型特点和命题思路, 了解题目的考点范围及设题角度, 有针对性的对考查重点和难点进行训练突破。

(2) 进行强化训练。以前没有接触过这个题型, 要想轻松应对夺取高分, 一定要进行强化训练, 在训练中体会解题的思路和提升解题的技能。

(3) 具体解题思路。 (1) 熟悉语境。填写前一定要弄清楚所给语境, 并结合上下文理解语境。 (2) 对于自由式填空常考查的连词, 介词, 关系代词, 关系副词不仅要牢记它们的意思, 更要熟记它们的语法功能, 确保在考试时能准确的填入空白处。 (3) 对于提示性填空的动词, 要注意其形式的可能变化, 分析好谓语和非谓语的关系和所填空的依据。 (4) 对于长难句子, 要充分的分析其结构, 使句意更加的简短明确。 (5) 对于所给名词, 形容词, 副词, 不仅要背诵其意义和准确拼写, 还要掌握其形式的变换。

摘要：2014年新课标高考全国卷英语考试的题型进行了重大的改革, 将考了数十年的单项填空选择这一客观题换成了语篇型语法填空这种主观题型, 其作为语言知识运用部分的题目要求如下:共10小题, 每小题1.5分。题型以对话和小短文为主, 文章或对话的字数大概200左右, 在语言材料中会有10处空白, 一部分空白会在括号中给出单词的基本形式, 一部分则要求考生根据上下文的语意和语法知识在空白处填写上正确的单词。这种改革对于英语学习本身来说更侧重了其语言的实际应用功能, 在语篇的环境中设立问题要比单纯的考查某个语法项目更加能测试出被试者的语言感知能力, 语言分析能力和语用能力。面对题型的变化, 明确题型的特点和解题策略显得格外重要。

关键词：语法填空,题型特点,解题策略

参考文献

[1]鹿坤.恩波教育——高考英语[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆青少年出版社, 2014, (2) .