高考句型语法（共8篇）
高考句型语法 篇1
句子天天练（2013.10.24）
1.前不久我在我们学校组织的英语演讲比赛中荣获第一名。
I got first place in the English speech contest held by our school not long ago.2.2008年见证了北京奥林匹克运动会的庆祝活动。
The year 2008 saw the celebration of the Olympic Games in Beijing.3.我喜欢课堂上的友好氛围。
I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.4.她努力争取每天做一件好事。
She tries to do a good deed each /every day.5.他几乎不知道怎样写作文。
He hardly knew how to write a composition.句子天天练（2013.10.25）
1.我真的不知道是走还是留。
I really don’t know whether to go or stay.2.在此我想跟大家一块儿分享我在英语学习方面的经验。
Here I ‘d like to share my experience of learning English with you.3.中国政府已经决定在全国范围的公共场合禁止吸烟。
The Chinese government has decided to ban smoking in public places across the country.4.他不知道该站在哪一边。
He did not know which side he should take.5.我们必须学会心平气和且明智地解决冲突。
We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.句子天天练（2013.10.26）
1.他向学生们解释说那天他病了。
He explained it to his students that he was ill that day.2.学校应该通过预留更少的作业来组织更多的活动让学生参加。
To schools, they should organize more activities for students and leave students more time for activities by giving them less homework.3.上一周我们举行了一次英语故事演讲比赛。
Last week we held an English story-telling competition.4.我认为对他来说学一门外语是很必要的。
I think that it is necessary for him to learn a foreign language.5.我禁不住在课堂上分心走神。
I couldn’t help being absent-minded in classes.句子天天练（2013.10.27）
1.老师不止一次地纠正她的错误发音。
The teacher corrected her wrong pronunciation more than once.2.他们也导致了一些诸如空气污染与交通阻塞这样的问题。
They have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.3.我在记笔记方面存在一些困难，也不知道如何使用图书馆。
I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library.4.我进去时，她正在浇花，于是我坐在椅子上等着她。
She was watering the flowers when I came in.so I sat in the chair waiting for her.5.他们无法成功地实施这项计划，最后决定放弃它。
They couldn’t carry the plan out successfully.In the end, they decided to give it up.句子天天练（2013.10.28）
1.她解释了应急情况下应采取的行动。
She explained what to do in an emergency.2.她教英语很有趣，并且经常告诉我们讲故事对提高英语口语技能很有帮助。
She teaches English in an interesting way, and often tells us that story-telling helps improve oral English skills.3.李华来自河南，他的父母是老师。李华的父母由于教学成绩优秀，受到学生的喜爱和尊
敬。
Li Hua comes from Henan Province.His parents are both teachers.They are dearly loved and respected by the students for their wonderful teaching.4.我们班长王华把一些精心制作的鲜花给了她。
Wang Hua, our monitor, gave her the prepared flowers.5.几天前在信中你告诉我你对在中国教学很感兴趣
The other day in your letter you told me you were interested in teaching in China.句子天天练（2013.10.29）
1.请给我们提出关于演讲比赛的建议好吗？
Can you give me some suggestions about the speech contest?
2.在此，我代表学校给您讲一讲六月二十六日参观我们学校的有关安排。
On behalf of our school, I’d like to show you the arrangements for your visit to our school on June, 26th.3.这幅图片给我们展示了一个感人的瞬间，小姑娘上前迎接工作了一天的妈妈。
The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom.4.你最好一到那里就给我写信。
You’d better write me a letter as soon as you get there.5.在公共汽车上他主动将座位让给老人。
He offered his seat to the old man on the bus.句子天天练（2013.10.30）
1.因为李越出色的表现，校长授予他“本周学生之星”荣誉称号。
The president awarded Li Yue the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class.2.你给孩子们取点水来好吗？
Would you fetch some water for the children?
3.你愿意帮我一下吗？
Would you do me a favor/a favor for me?
4.请给我们唱首歌好吗？
Will you sing us a song?
5.请给我们挑选一个好的房间。
Please choose a good room for us.句子天天练（2013.10.31）
1.他给他的孩子们积攒了很多钱。
He saved a lot of money for his children.2.他给我们弄了两张票。
He got us two tickets.3.这个新方法省了我们不少时间。
This new method saved us much time.4.他给自己要了一瓶软饮料。
He ordered himself a soft drink.5.最终我给他们找到了一辆开往颐和园的公交车。
Eventually I managed to find both of them a bus to the Summer Palace.句子天天练（2013.11.1）
1.我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗？
Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?
2.我可以问你个问题吗？
May I ask you a question?
3.在我离开之前，请先回答我一个问题。
Please answer me a question before I leave.4.找到那头大象可花费了他好长时间。
It took him quite some time to find that elephant.5.这辆新自行车花了他300元。
The new bike cost him 300 yuan.句子天天练（2013.11.2）
1.女售货员让我看了些不同新户型的图片，而后给我做了一大番讲解。
The salesgirl showed me several latest designs of different kinds of the apartments.Then she gave me a detailed description of them.2.她告诉我们，那位老人是他们的校长。就在上周，校长给他们作了一场精彩的报告。
She told us that the old man was their headmaster.Last week, he gave them a wonderful lecture.3.他们相互交换了名片。之后，他们就开始经常通信了。
They sent each other their cards.From then on, they began to communicate by letter regularly.4.我们祝老师教师节快乐，而后给她送上了鲜花和礼物来表达我们的谢意。
We congratulated our teacher by saying “Happy Teachers’ Day”.Then we gave her some flowers and gifts to express our thanks to her.5.我们选他当我们的班长。
We elected him monitor of our class.句子天天练（2013.11.3）
1.志愿者工作让我们充满了自信，使我们的生活更加有乐趣。
Volunteering makes us feel better about ourselves, thus making our life more enjoyable.2.我认为充分利用现有的时间是一个好主意。
I think it is a good idea for us to make full use of the present time.3.我觉得你还是按时服药为好。
I think it better for you to take medicine on time.4.他已养成习惯，每天上网冲浪绝不超过三次。
He has made it a rule never to go surfing more than three times a day.5.我认为他放弃学习英语太可惜了。
I consider it a pity that he has given up studying English.句子天天练（2013.11.4）
1.我向老师求助，她建议我要与他人多合作。
I turned to my teacher and she advised me to cooperate with others.2.孩子学业成绩进步就用金钱奖励他们，我认为这一点欠妥。
I don’t think it right to reward children with money for their good academic performance.3.理科专业能够帮助我实现儿时当科学家的梦想。
The science major can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a scientist.4.如此做法让我陷入了沉思。
Such behaviors left me deep in thought.5.我们发现那孩子没人照顾，在大街上一个劲儿地哭。
We found the boy left alone, crying in the street.句子天天练（2013.11.5）
1.你听过用英语唱这首歌吗？
Have you ever heard this song sung in English?
2.他经常通过模仿明星们的说话及表演方式让我们大笑不止。
He often makes us laugh by imitating the way famous stars speak and perform.3.我们到达那里时发现他不在家。
When we got there, we found him out/not in.4.我发现他是可信赖的人。
I find him a reliable man.5.他们强行把那个男孩拉进屋里。
They forced the boy into the room.句子天天练（2013.11.6）
1.这样的通知让大家清醒地意识到公共场合禁烟的重要性。
The announcement keeps the public aware of the importance of banning smoking in public places.2.她偶然发现母亲在读他的日记。
She saw her mother reading her diary by accident.3.商店售货员让顾客等了好长时间。
The shop assistant kept the customer waiting for a long time.4.有人注意到他在红灯的情况下继续行车。
He was noticed driving on with the red traffic light on.5.公园到处都有警告游客不要随地乱扔东西的标志牌。
Tourists are warned not to litter around the park.
高考句型语法 篇2
关键词：思维,句子,短语,词汇,语法
引言
语言组织形式中语法的最重要的三大因素之一, 是构成语言的骨架, 语法在语言的译、写、读、说、听等方面进行渗透。只有详实、充分、认真的对语法进行学习, 才能准确的使用英语交流思想和表达感情, 直至达到语法学习的最终目的。但是在平时的学习过程中, 一些学生虽然已经认识到语法学习的重要性, 但是不能找到科学有效的方法进行学习, 不能使用正确语法写出流畅的文章和句子, 久而久之对英语学习失去兴趣。容易出现表达和思维方式中式化的现象, 和英语表达方式有严重差距。另外从整体考虑, 学习英语语法的过程规范、简单, 学生只要建立起完善的语法意识, 根据有效的方法进行学习, 就能了解和掌握语法知识。
一、传授英语语法的基本原则
(一) 对语法进行演绎
传统教学中最常见的手法是演绎法, 他是由教师讲授语法的结构和规则, 再举例说明, 最后学生按照语法的特点写出句子, 是先理论讲解后进行实践的教学过程。演绎法分五步走, 首先教师简单概括语法的规则。其次教师举出实例, 让学生分析、对比、观察, 对语法进行进一步理解。第三学生根据学习的知识写出句子。第四教师对学生句子进行补充和讲解, 最后学生按照规则进行练习, 达到掌握句子的目的。
(二) 对语法进行归纳
让学生认识和接触和语法相关的语言材料, 在教师的指导下分析和观察不同素材的语言特点, 研究并总结出此类语法, 然后在将总结出的理论运用到实际应用中。在实际教学中使用五步法来对归纳原则进行实践。首先创造出一定情景, 这些情景中要包括该语法的例句。其次在情景中让学生观察、接触、理解、体会这些句子。第三在老师的指导和启发下, 让学生对这些句子进行分析后得出规则。第四老师对学生的归纳进行补充和评价, 最后让学生根据总结出的语法进行练习。教师将规律写在黑板上, 训练学生进行转换, 并给与总结, 让学生尽快掌握该语法。
(三) 对语法进行对比
我国学生在了解汉语的前提下进行英语学习, 所以新知识一定会给原有知识带来冲击和影响。此类影响是知识会发生正迁移和负迁移两种改变。汉语和英语相接近处就会发生正迁移, 如果相差较远就会出现负迁移, 所以在实际教学中经常使用对比法, 减少负迁移, 增添正迁移, 提高学生学习质量。
事实证明, 汉语在对英语学习上表现出较大干扰的是词序, 其次是词尾。在缺乏语言环境时这些干扰显得尤为突出。英语在教学过程中要善于使用对比法, 让学生对英语和汉语之间的差异产生学习兴趣, 老师要事先预测到学生在学习上会遇见的困难, 并帮助学生战胜它。语义系统的语篇原则、交际原则、差异原则也要经过对比进行强调, 让学生认识到, 两种语言不会出现一一对应的情况, 语言经过文化沉淀, 需要老师深层次解释交际方式和交际原则的区别。例如告别问候和表示感谢、拒绝、接受等感情时, 每个文化都会显示出与众不同的差异性, 要结合语用原则和话语结构进行对比。另外不同特点表现出不同思维方式, 将英语的语篇结构和汉语的相互对比是促使学生更快、更好掌握语法结构的途径。
二、语法在复杂句子中的应用以及写作技巧
(一) 语法具有辐射的作用
学生要了解和掌握语法, 首先要构建思路清晰的思考过程, 如果思维混乱就容易将知识混淆在一起, 在分析句子是要将相对复杂的句式分解成层次清晰的句子, 再根据语法规则进行排列。一些学生有写作基础, 但不能写出文章, 不是他们具备的语言水平不足, 而是他们对写作中的问题没有正确的看法。其次写句子是检验英语语法知识的一种途径, 他能够让学生应用所学的知识, 并检查知识的缺陷和遗漏, 更加有目的性的进行学习, 在写作过程中对句法和词法会有更加深刻的理解和体会。
(二) 构建写作体系
学生在学习语言和词法知识后, 能够用不同形式表达清晰完整的意思。但是工作和生活中, 信息传播不是单一思维, 而是根据主题进行的多层次、多侧面解读, 进而构建成篇幅较大的文章。在写作过程中, 语篇单位叫做文章的段落。句子是段落的基础, 所以写段落的难度高于句子。能够写好一句话, 只是具备写作的前提, 能将段落写好, 才是具有一定写作能力, 学生在写作中锻炼交际能力, 通过文字传递信息、表达感情是英语写作要达到的目的。围绕句型、语法、词汇进行描写是需要经历的途径, 写作是渐进的历程, 是从量到质发生变化的过程。
(三) 增加写作的技巧
首先要引导学生进行写作。写作是一种用于交流的技能, 要以交际化作为写作的训练要求, 老师给写生布置他们感兴趣的情景或者题目, 引导他们写作愿望和动机, 让他们带着译者意识和交际目的去创作。这要求教师想象力要丰富并有一定创造力, 能够发现学习、工作、生活中的体裁和问题, 利用图表、事件、场景、画面等因素安排学生进行练习。其次要督促学生进行写作。教师要传授和训练学生基本技巧, 例如如何构思, 如何开篇和结尾, 如何衔接段落等等, 另外一些拟人、明喻、暗喻等修饰手法要引导学生使用。另外, 为学生提供素材和写作思想也是指导学生的一个侧面, 例如辅句和主句之间的联系、描写时间和空间的顺序等。
结束语
在学习英语语法的过程中, 运用语法三原则能够科学的将学习的知识融会贯通到英语学习和写作过程中。在用英语进行写作时, 要通过分析给出的句子, 并根据其自身的特点构建文本主体。另外在教学英语的过程中要运用技巧, 进一步增加教学内容以及提高教学水平。教师要帮助学生建立科学思维方式, 在学习中培养他们的全篇意识, 从根本上提高他们都写作水平。
参考文献
[1]叶小宝.英语教学语法体系的新构想[J].淮北师范大学学报 (哲学社会科学版) , 2012 (06) .
[2]郭俊.五种基本句型在高中英语教学中的重要性[J].文理导航 (上旬刊) , 2013 (09) .
高考句型语法 篇3
句型基本结构： There is + 可数名词单数 或 不可数名词 + 时间或地点。
There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点。
There be 句型，请大家记住以下几点：
1.在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最接近be 动词的那个名词决定。
2.there be 句型的否定句，是在be 动词后加not， 一般疑问句则要把be 动词调到句首。
3.there be句型与have（has） 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have（has） 表示某人拥有某物。
4.some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
5.and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
6.针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
7.针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s + 介词短语？
考考你：
1._______a story-book on the table.
A. There are B. There have C. There is
2._______any books in the bookcase？
A. Are there B. Is there C. What is
3.How many students _______in the classroom？
初一英语下册重点词语句型语法 篇4
Unit 5 Our School Life
topic1 How do you go to school?
一、重点词语：
1. wake up 醒来，唤醒 get up 起床
2. go to school 去上学 go home 回家
3. go dancing / shopping / skating / swimming 去跳舞;购物、滑冰;游泳
go doing something 可用于表达去进行某种娱乐休闲活动。
4. 表示交通方式：
on foot 步行
by boat 坐船 by ship 坐船 by air 乘飞机
by plane 乘飞机 by train 坐火车 by subway 搭乘地铁
by car 坐小汽车 by bus 坐公共汽车 by bike 骑自行车
5. take the subway / bus / car 搭乘地铁;公共汽车;小汽车
6. drive a car to work = go to work by car 驾车去上班
take a bus to work = go to work by bus 乘公共汽车去上班
go to school on foot = walk to school 步行去上学
7. ride a bike / horse 骑自行车;骑马
8. after school / class 放学以后;下课以后
9. play the piano / guitar / violin 弹钢琴;吉他;小提琴
play basketball / soccer / football 打篮球;踢足球;打橄榄球
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
play with a computer 玩电脑
play sports 做运动
10. next to 紧挨着，在…旁边
11. a plan of my school 一幅我们学校的平面图
12. on weekdays 在工作日
at weekends 在周末
13. have breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner / meals 吃早餐;中餐;晚餐;正餐;一日三餐
have classes / lessons / a meeting 上课;上课;开会
14. watch TV / movies / games / the animals 看电视;电影;比赛;动物
read novels / newspapers / books 看小说;报纸;书
15. wash one’s face / clothes 洗脸;衣服
16. 反义词：up – down, early – late近义词：quickly – fast
get up early 早起 be late for 迟到
17. the first / second / third / fourth day 第一;二;三;四天
18. clean the house 打扫房子
19. 表示建筑物(尤其学校建筑物)：
on the playground 在操场
at school / home / table 在学校;家里;桌旁
in a computer room / teachers’ office / classroom building / gym / library / lab / canteen
在电脑室;教师办公室;教学楼;体操馆;图书馆;实验室;食堂
20. around six o’clock = at about six o’clock 大约在六点
21. 频率副词：never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always
二、重点句型：
1. It’s time to get up. 该起床的时候了。
It’s time for breakfast. = It’s time to have breakfast = It’s time for having breakfast.该吃早饭了
2. You must go to school early. 你必须早点去上学。(主观因素造成“必须”)
I have to wash my face quickly. 我不得不迅速地洗脸。(客观因素造成“必须”)
3. Happy New Year! The same to you! 新年快乐!也祝你新年快乐!
4. How about you? = What about you? 你怎么样?
5. It tastes good. 它尝起来很好。 It sounds good. 它听起来很好。
6. How do you usually go to school? I usually go to school by bike.
你通常怎样去上学?我通常骑自行车去上学。
What do you usually do after school? I usually play computer games.
你通常放学做什么?我通常玩电脑游戏。
7. How does she usually go to work? She usually goes to work by car.
她通常怎样去上班?她通常开车去上班。
What does he usually do after class? He usually reads novels.
他通常下课后做什么?他通常看小说。
8. The early bird catches the worm! 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。/ 笨鸟先飞。
9. Where’s Mr. Zhou going? He’s going to Shanghai. 周先生将要去哪里?他将要去上海。
三、语法学习：复习一般现在时和现在进行时。
一般现在时：
1. 区别含有be动词和行为动词的肯定句式。
I am at home.√ I stay at home.√ I am stay at home. × She stay at home. ×
2. 一般疑问句、否定句表达的不同方式：
Are you at home? Do you stay at home? Does she stay at home?
Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
I am not at home. I don’t stay at home. She doesn’t stay at home.
3. 主语为第三人称单数时，谓语行为动词的变化。
She plays computer games on Sundays.
She studies English every morning.
She goes to school on weekdays.
She has breakfast at 6:45.
4. 用法：
(1) 表示现在的状况：I am a teacher. You are student. They are in London.
(2) 表示经常的或习惯性的动作：I usually go to school on foot. She plays tennis every morning.
(3) 表示主语具备的性格和能力等：He likes playing basketball. They do the cooking.
现在进行时：
1. 基本句式结构：I am playing with a computer.
2. 现在分词构成法：
go – going play – playing have – having drive – driving
run – running swim – swimming begin – beginning
3. 用法：
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作：She is having dinner. 她正在用餐。
(2)方位动词的现在进行时可用来表示将要发生的动作：I’m going. 我要走了。
四、交际用语：谈论交通工具及如何上学和日常生活。
主要句型：
How do you usually go to school? I usually go to school by bike.
I’m riding a bike now.
What’s she doing? She’s dancing.
Do you often go to the library?
Topic 2 How often do you have an English class?
一、重点词语：
1. 学科名词：
政治 语文 数学 英语 历史 地理 生物 音乐 体育 美术
politics Chinese math English history geography biology music P.E. Art
2. 一周七天名词：
星期日 星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
3. swimming pool 游泳池
4. listen to music 听音乐 write letters 写信 go roller-skating 滑滑轮
go shopping 去购物 have an English class 上英语课 go to the park 去公园
meet friends 会见朋友 draw pictures 画画 play sports 做运动
watch TV 看电视 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 play soccer 踢足球
work on math problems 解答数学题 take exercises 做运动
learn about the past 学习历史 learn how to read and write in Chinese 学着用中文读写
play ball games with my classmates 和我的同班同学玩球类游戏
5. be good at = do well in 擅长于… I am good at English. = I do well in English.
6. be different from 与…不同 the same as 与…相同
7. do outdoor activities 进行户外活动
8. every week 每周 each day 每天 three times a week 每周三次
9. 反义词：boring – interesting difficult – easy begin – finish
近义词：difficult – hard
10. care about 关心;担心
11. try to do something 尝试去做某事
12. do one’s best 尽力去做某事 do one’s homework 做家作
13. like doing something = love doing something 喜欢做某事
hate doing something 讨厌做某事
14. noon break 午休
15. at half past six = at thirty past six = at six thirty六点半 at seven o’clock = at seven 在七点
at five fifteen = at fifteen past five = at a quarter past five五点十五分
at fifteen to ten = at a quarter to ten = at nine forty-five 九点四十五分
16. for a little while 就一会儿
17. a student of Grade One 一年级的学生
18. eat out 出去吃
19. get home 到家
二、重点句型：
1. Which place do you like best? I like the computer room best.你最喜欢哪个地方?我最喜欢电脑室。
2. Swimming is my favorite sport. = I like swimming best. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
3. Why do you think so? Because he likes sleeping. 你为什么这么想?因为他喜欢睡觉。
4. How often do you go to the library? Very often. 你经常去图书馆吗?经常。
5. Peter is good at soccer ball. 彼特擅长与足球。
6. My interest is different from theirs. 我的兴趣和他们的不一样。
7. How many lessons do you have every day? 你每天上多少节课?
8. What time is school over? 什么时候放学?
9. I try to do my best each day. 每天我都尽力做到最好。
10. And if I always do my best, I need not care about the test. 如果我总是尽力，我就不需要担心考试
11. After dinner, I often do my homework and then watch TV for a little while.
晚餐后，我经常做作业然后看一会儿电视。
三、语法学习：以How，Wh- 开头的疑问句。
疑问词：how often, how long, how soon, how old, how many, how much, how big, how heavy, how wide, how far, what, when, who, whose, whom, where, which, why, what color, what time, what class…
四、交际用语：谈论课程、作息时间、个人爱好及学习生活。
主要句型：
Which place do you like best? I like the computer room best.
What’s your favorite subject? Math is.
How often do you…? Every day. Always. Often. Seldom. Never. Sometimes.
Do you like going to…? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
How many lessons do you have every day? We have seven lessons every day..
When do morning classes begin? At 7:20.
topic3 I like the school life here.
一、重点词语：
1. 反义词：first – last , borrow – return / give back end –begin easy—hard
Interesting—boring lost—found
同义词： end—be over , study—learn , of course –certainly/ sure , return –give back
come from—be from (be= am/ is / are )， have class—have lesson
2. 名词单数转化复数：life – lives shelf – shelves leaf – leaves half – halves child--children
名词变成形容词：wonder – wonderful, use – useful, care – careful, beauty - beautiful
interest – interesting, excite – exciting
3. between… and… 在…与…之间
4. school hall 学校大厅
5. Our School Times 《学校时报》
6. Everyday Science 《每日科技》
7. the school life 学校生活
8. most of them 他们大多数
9.wait for – 等待
10 get home 到家
11. and so on 等等
12. on time 按时
13. Here it is. = Here you are. 给你
14. learn…from 向…学习
二、重点句型：
1. Welcome to our school. 欢迎到我们学校来。
2. What do you think of our school? It’s very nice. I like the school life here .
你认为我们学校怎么样?挺好的。我喜欢这儿的学校生活。
3.。 Wait a minute. = Just a minute. 等一等。
4. Thank you anyway. = Thank you all the same. 仍然谢谢你
5. Thank you for your hard work. 谢谢你们的努力工作。
6. Thank you for asking me. 谢谢你邀请我。
7. I read them with great interest. (我读得津津有味)我带着极大的兴趣读它们。
8. May I ask you some questions? Yes, please 我可以问你几个问题吗
9. Where do you come from? I come from Australia. = Where are you from? I’m from Australia.
你来自哪里?我来自澳大利亚。
10. How long can I keep it? Two weeks. 我能借多久?两个星期。
11. . Do you have a problem? 你有问题吗?
12. What day is it today ? It’s Wednesday . 今天是星期几? 今天是星期三。
13.What time does the class begin / end ? 几点上课/ 下课?
14.What is your favorite subject ? 你最喜爱的学科是什么(是哪一科) ?
What subject do you teach ? 你教什么学科?(哪一科)
15 How often do you do outdoor activities ? 你多常进行户外活动?
16.How many lessons do you have every week ? 你每周上几节课?
17.Why do don’t you like English ? 你为什么喜欢英语/ 不喜欢英语 ?
Because it’s easy and interesting .因为它既容易又有趣。
Because it’s difficult and boring. 因为它既难又烦人。
18.I don’t like math at all .我一点儿(完全)不喜欢数学。
三、语法学习：There is / are…某处(某时)有某物(某事)
1. 用法：表示存在。什么时间或者地点“有”什么东西 几种基本句式：
1. There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌上有一本书和两支笔。
2. There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌上有两支笔和一本书。
3. There isn’t a book on the desk. 桌上没有一本书。
4. There aren’t two pens on the desk. 桌上没有两支笔。
5. Is there a book on the desk? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
桌上有一本书吗?是的，有。/ 不，没有。
6. Are there two pens on the desk? Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.
桌上有两支笔吗?是的，有。/ 不，没有。
3. 与have的区别：
I have a book. I don’t have a book. Do you have a book? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
She has a book. She doesn’t have a book. Does she have a book? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
现在进行时的特征：(结构be+ving)
1. Look ! They are playing soccer on the playground.
2. Listen ! He is singing in the classroom.
3. We are having an English class now. (at the moment)
4.It’s seven o’clock in the evening . I am doing my homework.
5. Where is Jim ? (当问答动作时用进行时) He is having lunch in the dining-room.
6.根据上下文提示： What are you doing ? I am reading in the library.
四、交际用语：学习校园生活的一些活动，如采访、借书、找寻失物、制作海报等。
主要句型：
1. May I ask you some questions? Yes, please.
2. What do you think of our school? It’s very nice.
3. Can I borrow …? Sure, here you are.
4. How long can I keep it? Two weeks. But you must return it on time.
5. There is / are…
6. Is there a bed in the room? Yes, there is.
7. What are you / they doing ? I (We are) / They are) am reading stories .
8. What is he/ she doing ? He/ She is having a biology class.
Unit 6 Our Local Area
Topic 1 I have a nice house
一、词汇：
1. in front of 在……的前面
2. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
3. next to 靠近
4. give back归还
5. for a while 一会儿
6. go upstairs 上楼
7. have a look 看一看
8. put away 把……收起来
9. play with a ball 玩球
10. on the second floor 在第二层
11. look after 照顾;照看;照料;保管
二、句型:
1. Why not go upstairs and have a look?
(1) go upstairs上楼 go downstairs下楼
(2) have a look看
have a look at… 看……
have a walk散步
have a bath洗澡
have a swim游泳
have a talk谈话
have a rest休息
(3) Why not+动词原形…?句型是提建议的一种表达法，形同“Why don’t + 人称代词 + 动词原形上+ …?”。这样的句型常用来启发或建议某人做某事。回答常用Ok, let’s…/All right./That’s a good idea.
2. Please give it back soon.请尽快地把它还给我。
give …back:(=return)归还：代词作宾语时应放在give 和back的中间，如果是名词作宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后面。例如：
give the book back;/give back the book.
give it back / give them back
类似的短语还有put away, put on, try on, take off,
3.Let’s play computer games for a while.让我们玩一会儿电脑吧。
(1) play computer games玩电脑游戏
(2) Let’s …=Let us后接动词原形：让我们……
4.My pet dog plays with the ball everywhere.我的宠物狗在家里到处玩球。
(1) everywhere=here and there处处;到处
(2) play with 其后接人时，意为“与……玩”
其后接物时，意为“玩(单纯地玩耍)……”
play football, play basketball, play volleyball指技术性较高的运动
5.There is a watermelon and lots of apples in the box.箱子里有一个西瓜和许多苹果。
(1) lots of =a lot of 许多的;大量的，用来修饰名词
There are a lot of students in that school. (=many)
There was a lot of snow last year.(=much)
There’s a lot of rice in the bag.(=much)
三、语法：There be句型和Have的区别
类型 There be Have
涵义不同 侧重 “存在关系”，表示“某地或某时间存在某人/某物”，there只是引导词，无意义。
如：There is a boat in the river.河里有一条船。 侧重 “所属关系”，示“属于……所拥有”的东西，第三人称用has。如： I have a nice watch.
我有一块好看的手表。
She has a new computer.
她有一台新电脑。
句型不同 1.肯定式：There is/are+主语+其它。
2.否定式：There is/are+ not+主语+其它。
3.疑问式：--Is/Are there+主语+其它?
--Yes, there is/are.
--No, there isnt/arent 1.肯定式：主语+have/has+其它。
2.否定式：a)主语+dont/doesnt have+其它;
b)主语+havent/hasnt+其它。
3.疑问式：a)--Do/does+主语+have+其它?
--Yes,主语+do/does./No,主语+dont/doesnt.
b)--Have/Has+主语+其它?--Yes,主语+have/has./No,主语+havent/hasnt.
主谓一致不同 1.There is +单数主语/不可数主语…如：
There is some milk in hte bottle.
There is a hat on the desk.
2.There are+复数主语…如：There are some flowers in the basket.
3.There is +单数主语+and+复数主语…如： There is a mouse and two pens on the deak.
4.There are+复数主语+and+单数主语…如：There are two pens and a mouseon the desk. 1.主语(第三人称单数)+has+…如：
She has many new clothes.
Tom has a nice feather.
2.第一、二人称单数和复数主语+have+…如:You have some good firends but they have few.
划线提问不同 1.对主语提问一律用“Whats+某地/某时?”结构，其中谓语动词须用is，且there要省略。如：There are some pictures on the wall.---Whats on the wall?
2.对地点提问要用“Where is/are there…?”如：There is a black car under the tree.--Where is there a black car?
3.对主语的数量提问要用“How many+主语(复数)+are there…?/How much+主语(不可数)+is there…?”
如： Therere three people in my family. --How many people are there in your family?
Theres some rice in the bag.
---How much rice is there in the bag? 1.对主语提问要用“Who/has/have+…?”如： Mary has a sweater.--Who has a sweater?
We have new brooms.--Who hsve new brooms?
2.对宾语提问要用“What have/has+主语?/What do does+主语+have…?”如： My father has a big farm .
What has your father?/
What does your father have?
3.对宾语的数量提问用“How many+复数名词+have/has+主语?/How much+不可数名词+have/has+主语?”或“How many +复数名词+do/does+主语+have?/How much+不可数名词+do/does+主语+have?”
如：I have two pictures.
--How many pictures do you have?/How many pictures have you?
注意 there be结构在改为否定或疑问句时，一般将some改为any.
如：There are some dishes on the desk.
--There arent any dishes on the desk./Are there any dishes on the desk? have 句型在改为否定句时，也应将 some 改为 any.
如： She has some fruit.
--She hasnt/doesnt have any fruit./Has she any fruit?/Does she have any fruit?
注：在表示 “附属于某物/某处的东西”时，there be结构与have句型都可以用。如：
There are four windows in the classroom =The classroom has four windows.
The house has eighteen floors.=There are eighteen floors in the house.
Topic 2 I am your new neighbor.
一、词汇：
1. look for寻找
2. a parking lot停车场
3. at the street corner在街道的拐角
4. play the piano弹钢琴
5. knock at(the door)敲(门)
6. hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事
7. at the end of 在……的尽头;在……的末尾
8. in the suburbs在郊外;在郊区
9. according to按照
二、句型:
1. What’s your home like?你的家什么样?
like用作动词时意为“喜欢”，用作介词时意为“像……”，常用短语：be like, look like
2. I’m looking for a grocery store.我正在找一家杂货店。
look for 寻找。强调寻找的动作;
find找到，发现。强调结果;
find out着重指通过分析、调查等弄清或杳明一件事情
Are you looking for your pen? Yes, I am.你在找你的钢笔吗?是的。
Can you help me find my bike?你能帮我找到自行车吗?
Please find out who broke the window.请找出是谁把窗户打破的?
3.There is one in front of our building.我们的楼前有一家(杂货店)。
in front of 在……的前面(在范围之外的前面)
in the front of在……的前面(在范围内的前面)
There is a tree in front of the classroom..教室前面有一棵树。(树在教室外)
The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.老师站在教室的前面。(老师在教室里)
4.What’s the matter?怎么了?(出什么事了?)
类似的表达法还有：What’s up?/What’s wrong?/What’s going on?
5.People enjoy living in a house with a lawn and a garden.人们喜欢住带有草坪和花园的房子。
enjoy doing sth.喜欢、享受做某事。Enjoy后接名词或动词的ing形式，如：
He enjoys reading novels.他喜欢读小说。
6.I hear you playing the piano beautifully.我听见你弹钢琴很动听。
hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。如：.
I hear them singing songs in the next room.我听到他们正在隔壁房间唱歌。
7.Hello, this is Mrs. Wang speaking.喂，我是王太太。
电话用语，不用I和you, 而用this和that。如：
This is Mary (speaking).我是玛丽。
Who’s that (speaking)?你是谁?
8. The kitchen fan doesn’t work.厨房的排气扇不工作了。
work进行顺利，起作用，(机器)正常运转
如：My clock doesn’t work.我的钟不走了。
Topic 3 Is there a supermarket around here?
一、词汇：
1. thousands of成千上万的
2. a public phone公用电话
3. get to到达
4. the way to the station去车站的路
5. be far from远离……
6. traffic lights交通灯
7. across from在(街，路等)的对面
8. between…and…在……和……之间
9. the information desk咨询处
10. on the left在左边;on the right在右边
二、句型:
1. Excuse me, how can I get to the library?劳驾，去图书馆怎么走?
2. Turn right at the second turn.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。
(1) turn right(left)= turn to the right (left)向右(左)拐
(2) turn (turning)名词，拐弯处
at the first turning在第一个拐弯处
(3) Turn right at the second turn. =Take the second turning on the right.
3. Thank you anyway.仍然(还是)要谢谢你。类似的还有：
Thank you all the same./Thank you anyhow.
4. You need to take No. 718 bus here.你需要乘718路公共汽车。
need作行为动词时，意为“需要，需求”，有人称、数和时态的变化。need to do sth. 需要做某事，如：You need to have a good rest.你需要好好休息。
need还可作情态动词，意为“必要，需要”，后接动词原形，常用作否定形式needn’t，意为“不必”，如：You needn’t drive so fast.你不必开得这么快。
5. Every year thousands of people get hurt or die in road accidents.每年成千上万的人在交通事故中受伤或死亡。
hundred和thousand等表示数目的词前如果有确切的数字，这些词不用复数形式，后面直接跟名词;如果本身表示模糊的概念，这些词用复数且后跟of才能再接名词，如：two hundred books两百本书hundreds of books成百上千本书
five thousand trees五千棵树thousands of trees 成千上万棵树
6. If everyone obeys the rules, the roads will be much safer.如果人人都遵守交通规则的话，道路交通就会变得更加安全。
(1) much safer安全得多 much用在比较级前，强调程度。类似的还有a little等。
The earth is much bigger the moon.地球比月亮大得多。
Are you feeling much better today?你今天觉得好点了吗?
Tom is a little taller than his mother.汤姆比他妈妈高一点儿。
(2) if 连词，意为“如果，假如”
If you are hungry ,you can buy some food in the shop.如果你饿了，你可以在店里买点食物。
If he comes , I will tell you .如果他来了，我就告诉你。
三、语言点：
1. 英语中常见的问路方法有:
(1) Is there a … near here?
(2) Where is the … ,please ?
(3) Do you know the way to… ,please?
(4) Which is the way to … ,please?
(5) How can I get to …?
(6) Can you tell me the way to…?
(7) Can you find the way to …?
(8) I want to go to… .Do you know the way?
2. 英语中常见的指路方法有:
It’s over there .
It’s next to the …
It’s across from…
It’s behind the …
It’s between … and … .
Walk/Go along this street.
It’s about …meters from here.
Take the first turning on the left.
Walk on and turn right.
四、形容词比较级的构成:
绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如:
poor tall great glad bad
形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变 化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构 成.
happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字 母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)
more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)
most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级比较级 最高级
goodbetter best
manymore most
muchmore most
bad worse worst
littleless least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
Unit 7 The Birthday Party
Topic1 Can you dance?
一、词汇：
1. Happy Birthday!生日快乐!
2. take photos拍照
3. work out作出，解决
4. how about/what about如何，怎样
5. fly kites放风筝
6. row a boat划船
7. perform ballet ]表演芭蕾舞
8. dance the disco跳迪斯科
9. make model planes做飞机模型
10. draw pictures画画
11. show sb. sth.给某人看某物
12. two years ago两年前
13. be in hospital(生病)住院
二、句型:
1. What are you going to perform at Kangkang’s birthday party?你打算在康康的生日晚会上表演什么?
“be going to+动词原形”的句型常用来表示打算、准备做某事或即将发生或肯定要发生某事，be是助动词，有人称和数的变化，如：
He is going to have a swim this afternoon.
2. What about /How about +名词、代词或动名词，意为“……怎么样?”常用来表示对……的看法，或表示建议、询问的方式，如：
How/What about sitting here to look at the moon?坐在这儿赏月怎么样?
3. I only can sing English songs.我只会唱英文歌曲。(情态动词can的用法)
They couldn’t sing any English songs two years ago.两年前他们不会唱英文歌曲。
一段时间+ago：表示在……时间以前，如：three months ago三个月以前
4.What will you buy for Kangkang as a birthday present?你要给康康买什么礼物?
雅思写作冲刺之写作语法及句型 篇5
Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.
Model Answer:
People learn through their entire lives. They constantly improve their knowledge and develop. I think that a college or university education should be available to all students because every person has the right to choose the way to self-perfection. Bellow I will give some of my reasons to support my position.
First of all, every person should have the chance to get a higher degree, gain new knowledge and experience. However, some people believe that higher education should be available only to good students. I think it is silly. It is like to make unavailable traveling for one who does not have IQ high enough.
Second of all, some young people do not do well at school but they have great personality and ability to learn. They are self-confident, persistent and patient. With these qualities they can get higher grades then their classmates who are talented but lazy. Imagine for example situation when a teenager gets high grades because his or her parents constantly make him or her study and help to do most of the homework. In this case a child does very well at school but I think a college can show the opposite results.
Finally, it is a discrimination against students to make available higher education only for good ones.
So, if a student does poor and gets low grades he/she should be sent down. But if a person was never given a chance to try himself/herself at college, what to do in this case?
To sum up, I think that all young people should have the chance to get a higher education. To take or not this chance must be up to them.
高考句型语法 篇6
Unit 1 How can I get there? 我怎样到达那里。
重点单词
science museum 科学博物馆, post office 邮局, bookstore书店, cinema电影院, hospital 医院, crossing 十字路口, turn left 左转, turn right 右转, go straight 直走, map 地图, compass指南针, GPS 全球定位系统, stars 星星, Italian restaurant 意大利餐厅, get to 到达 。
重点句型
1. ---Where is the restaurant? 餐厅在哪里?
----It’s next to the park on Dong fang Street. 它在东方路，在公园附近。
2.---How can we get there? 我们怎么去哪里?
----Turn left at the bookstore. Then turn right at the hospital.书店左转，然后医院右转。
3. He now has GPS. 他现在有GPS。
4. What an interesting film! 多么有趣的电影!
方位词复习：
next to紧挨着， near在...附近， behind在...后面， beside在...旁边， in front of在...前面。
Unit 2 Ways to go to school. 上学的方式。
重点单词
on foot 走路, by bike骑车, by bus 乘公交, by train 乘火车, by subway乘地铁, by ship 乘船, by plane 乘飞机, slow down 慢下来, traffic lights 交通灯, traffic rules 交通规则, go/come to school 上学, by sled 坐雪橇, by ferry坐轮渡, pay attention to 注意, traffic lights交通灯, Stop and wait at a red light 红灯停等一等, slow down and stop at a yellow light 黄灯减速并停下, Go at a green light 绿灯行。
重点句型
1.---How do you come to school? 你怎么上学?
----Usually, I come on foot. 通常我走路来的。=Usually ,I come to school on foot.
2.---How can I get to the Fuxing Hospital? 我怎么能到达复兴医院?
----Take the No.57 bus over there. 你可以在那边乘57路公交车。
3. In the USA people on bikes must wear one.在美国骑车的人必须戴头盔。
4. Don’t go at the red light. 别闯红灯。
5. I must pay attention to the traffic lights. 我必须注意交通灯。
6. Slow down and stop at a yellow light.黄灯要减速停下。
7. Stop and wait at a red light. 红灯停下等待。
8. Go at a green light. 绿灯行。
9. In the UK you drive on the left side. 在英国，你要靠左行驶。
10. In China, people drive on the right side。在中国，人们靠右行驶。
11. You must pay attention to the traffic lights. 你必须注意交通信号灯。
频率副词复习：
always 总是, usually通常, often 经常, sometimes 有时, never 从不。
Unit 3 My weekend plan. 我的周末计划。
重点单词
visit grandparents 拜访祖父母, see a film看电影, take a trip 去旅行, go to the supermarket去超市, this evening 今天晚上, this afternoon今天下午, this morning今天早上, tonight在今晚, tomorrow明天, next week下周, dictionary 词典, comic book连环画册, word book单词书, postcard 明信片, lesson 课, space travel 太空旅行, half price 半价, mooncake 月饼, Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋, get together 聚会, poem 诗, moon 月亮。
重点句型
1.---What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天打算做什么?
----I’m going to have an art lesson. 我要上美术课。
2. ---What are you going to buy? 你要买什么?
----I’m going to buy some word books. 我要买一些单词书。
3.---Where are you going? 你们打算去哪儿?
----We are going to the cinema. 我们打算去电影院。
4.---When are you going?你们什么时候去?
----Next Wednesday. 下周三 。
5. We are going to see a film about space travel. 我们要去看关于太空旅行的电影。
6.---Do you have comic books? 你有漫画书吗?
----Yes,here they are.有，在这里。
时间标志词：tomorrow 明天, soon 很快, next Monday 下周一, next year 明年
next weekend 下周末, this afternoon 今天下午, this evening 今晚， tonight在今晚。
Unit 4 I have a pen pal. 我有一个笔友。
重点单词
dancing 跳舞, singing唱歌, reading stories 读故事书, playing football踢足球, doing kung fu练功夫, does word puzzles猜字谜, listening to music听音乐, climbing mountains爬山, drawing cartoons 画漫画, studies Chinese 学中文, cooks Chinese food 做中餐, goes hiking 远足, hobby 业余爱好, good idea 好主意, amazing 令人惊奇的, join 加入, share 分享。
重点句型
1.---What are his / her hobbies? 他(她)的业余爱好是什么?
----He/ She likes doing kung fu and swimming. 他(她)喜欢练功夫和游泳。
2. ---Does he live in Sydney? 他居住在悉尼吗?
---肯定回答：Yes, he does. 是的，他居住在那里。
----否肯回答：No, he doesn’t. 不，他没有。
3.---does he like doing word puzzles and going hiking? 他喜欢猜字谜和远足吗?
---Yes, he does.
语法知识
1、动词变为动名词的规则：
动词变为动名词，即是动词加ing。一般要遵循以下三条规则：
(1) 一般情况下，在动词的后面直接加ing。如：
play—playing read—reading do—doing go—going
(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，要去掉不发音的字母e，再加ing。如：write—writing ride—riding make—making dance—dancing
(3) 以单元音加单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing。如：
run—running swim—swimming put—putting sit—sitting
2、关于第三人称单数：
动词变为第三人称单数形式的规则：
①一般情况下，在动词的后面直接加s。如： read--reads make—makes write—writes
②以字母s, x, o , sh , ch结尾的动词，在词尾加es。如：do—does wash—washes teach—teaches go—goes pass—passes
③以y结尾的动词分为两个情况，以元音字母加y结尾的动词，在词尾直接加s。如：play—plays buy--buys, 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，要把y变为i，再加es.如：study--studies
④以f , fe结尾的名词，先把f，fe变为v,再加-es. 如：leaf—leaves
⑤特殊变化：have--has
(4)在一个第三人称单数的句子中，只要句子中出现了does或者其否定形式doesn’t.该句子中的其他动词就要使用原形。
(5)第三人称单数的肯定句在变为否定句时，在动词的前面加doesn’t. 动词恢复原形。如：he lives in Beijing.---he doesn’t live in Beijing.
(6) 第三人称单数的陈述句在变为一般疑问句时，用does开头，后面的动词也要变为原形。如：he lives in Beijing.---Does he live in Beijing?
3、注意几个单词的变化：
hobby(复数形式)—hobbies story(复数形式)—stories have to(同义词)—must
Unit 5 What does he do? 他是做什么的?
重点单词
Factory worker 工人, postman 邮递员, businessman 商人, police officer 警察, fisherman 渔民, scientist科学家, polite 飞行员, coach教练, head teacher校长, reporter记者, secretary秘书, writer 作家, singer歌手, dancer舞蹈员, cleaner清洁工, driver 司机, university 大学, gym 体育馆, sea 海。
重点句型
一、询问职业
1.—— What does he do ? = What is he ? 他是做什么的?
—— He is a doctor. 他是一个医生。
2.-- --What do you do ? = What are you ? 你是做什么的?
—— I ’m a student . 我是一个学生。
二、询问工作的地点
1.—— Where do you work ? 你在哪儿工作?
—— I work in a school . 我在一个学校工作。
2. —— Where does your mother work ? 你妈妈在哪儿工作?
—— She works in a hospital . 她在一个医院工作。
3. 一般疑问句 ：
—— Does he work in a company ? 他在公司工作吗?
—— Yes, he does . 是的。
三、询问怎样去工作
1.—— How does your father go to work ? 你父亲怎么去上班?
—— He goes to work by car . 他开车去上班。
语法知识
1、一些由动词变化而来的职业名词，一般在词尾加上-er，以e结尾的只加r：
teach—teacher clean—cleaner sing—singer dance—dancer drive—driver write—writer TV report—TV reporter
2、特殊的变法:
act—actor act—actress art—artist science—scientist engine—engineer
Unit 6 How do you feel? 你的感觉如何?
重点单词
angry 生气的, afraid 害怕的, sad 难过的, worried 担心的, happy 高兴的, see a doctor看医生, take a deep breath深呼吸, count to ten数到十, wear穿, chase追赶。
重点句型
1. They are afraid of him. 它们害怕它。(be afraid of 对...害怕)
2. The cat is angry with them. 这只猫很生他们的气。(be angry with 对...生气)
3. What’s wrong? 怎么啦?= What’s wrong with you? 你怎么啦?
4. ——Your father is ill. 你爸爸病了。
——He should see a doctor this morning. 他今天早上应该去看病。
5. Don’t be sad. 别难过
6. Don’t be worried. 别担心。= Don’t worry! 别担心。
语法知识
高考句型语法 篇7
关键词：书面表达,高级词汇,高级句型
笔者曾经和自己所教过的高一年级几个英语成绩不错的学生探讨有关英语作文的问题, 其中谈到最多的是:“什么样的英语作文算是好作文?”对于这个问题的回答, 大部分学生一致认为, 一篇好的书面表达应该符合以下三个要求:第一, 能够按照书面表达的要求, 完整地把意思表达出来;第二, 表达正确、流畅, 并且很少有语法错误;第三, 无错别字, 即没有单词的拼写错误。
刚升入高中的学生, 通过初中阶段的英语学习, 已经对英语作文有了一个感性的认识。在他们看来, 如果自己的英语作文能够达到以上三个要求, 就是一篇很好的作文了。
但是, 如果你向高三年级的学生问同样的问题, 他们就不会这么认为了, 几乎所有的高三学生都会告诉你:只是达到这三个要求, 书面表达是得不到高分的。
同一个问题, 不同年级的学生其答案是不一样的, 这是因为, 随着高中阶段对英语学习的深入, 如果只是把意思表达出来, 没有词汇拼写和语法错误, 已经不能适应高考的要求了。因为高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档 (很好) 中有这样一段话:“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。”这就是说, 学生仅仅运用基础词汇和基本句型, 不能体现出较强的语言运用能力, 即使表达无语法错误, 也不能得高分;相反, 有些错误是由于有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致, 故也不扣分, 仍属于最高档次。高考把写作要求提到了这样一个高度, 有利于反映学生的水平层次, 有利于指导教学, 原来那种“要点完整、语言无误、行文连贯、表达清楚”的标准早已落后了。
有人说, “翻译是戴着镣铐跳舞”, 那么高考英语写作更是如此, 但考生不仅仅要“戴着镣铐跳舞”, 而且还要跳得优美才好。之所以这样来形容, 是因为高考英语写作的内容通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式在某种程度上已经做了一种限定, 考生所需要做的就是把这些已给的要点和内容进行“包装和提升”, 使其鲜亮和饱满起来。如果只是简单地翻译并堆砌在一起, 显然无法吸引阅卷教师, 这也就是英语写作不同于语文作文的地方。如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈, 那么英语写作就是“戴着镣铐跳舞”。就像穿衣服一样, 不要老去穿毫无变化的“校服” (简单句) , 而要穿一些不一样的“衣服”, 让它显得不那么单调, 也让阅卷教师能够看到与众不同的亮点, 而这些“衣服”也就是多变句型与词汇。
那么, 在平时的训练和写作中应该怎样使用高级词汇和高级句型呢?
一、学会使用高级词汇
(一) 多练习、多实践、多动手
遣词造句, 实践是金。学生在平时的训练中, 要有意识地强化“复杂、高级”这两个概念, 使自己的作文能区别于普通学生的作文, 站在一个比别人高的位置上, 充分显示自己的实力。“处处留心皆学问”。同时, 学生在平时的阅读过程中要善于积累精彩的词句和表达, 不断丰富和扩大自己的“语言库”, 这样, 在高考临场时才能做到“下笔如有神”。
高考中的英文单词可以分为活的词汇和休眠词汇, 休眠词汇是指你认识它, 却没有主动使用它的意识。学生要培养一种主动使用高级词汇的意识, 摇醒在自己脑中休眠的漂亮高级词汇, 停止使用good, very good, very very very good这样的表达, 转而投向wonderful, excellent, outstanding, super, terrific这些宛如衣服上的珍珠一样的词汇, 为自己的作文增光添彩。同样表示“著名的”, famous是一个初一学生的专利, 而高中学生就要求能写出remarkable, distinguished, celebrated等词汇。所以, 想得高分, 一定要使用高级词汇。有的学生说:“distinguished我也认识, 但是我自己写的时候怎么就想不起来呢?”原因很简单, 就是你只是认识而已, 没有实践。大家记住, 每次写作文时脑海中最先闪现的词汇就是要考虑换掉的词汇。当写作中需要表达一个人漂亮的时候, 你写下去的beautiful, 想想是不是能够升级成attractive, good-looking, charming, fair;每当想要表达“许多、大量”时, 是不是马上落笔many/much?先不要!想想是不是可以修改成substantial, abundant或者amount, 甚至使用词组a large quantity of等。
(二) 做一个勤快人、有心人
学生在平常学习中一定要多积累一些高级词汇, 学习这些词汇的时候, 一定要多想一想这些词汇的同义词有哪些, 在这些同义词中, 哪些属于高级词汇。如下面的这些词, 学生在学习时就可以想一想, 能不能用其它的同义词来代替。
目前很大一部分学生的作文得分都处在17~18分左右, 因为写作满分30分, 因此, 17~18分也就是个及格分。到底17~18分的作文差在哪儿?这个问题很容易回答。这样的作文中规中矩, 该对的都对, 内容要点完整, 语法与词形也正确, 但全都是很简单的句子的堆砌, 没有任何亮点;而20多分的作文在句型、词汇方面就做了很好的包装, 它的句子穿的“衣服”已经不是校服, 而是耐克或者是阿迪达斯, 所以让人觉得很“拽”, 而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽”的感觉。这种感觉可以通过阅读来提高。从语言学习的规律来看, 在阅读能力达到一定水平之后, 要过渡到写译训练上来, 即从输入过渡到输出上来。只有一定量的输入, 才能产生一定质的输出。中国有句古话:“读书破万卷, 下笔如有神。”这在一定意义上说明了多读和能写之间的密切联系, 多读是能写和会写的基础。汉语如此, 英语亦然。通过阅读才能加深学生对所学词汇的认识, 才能学会它在具体语境中的具体使用, 在写作时头脑中才能反映出这些词汇, 进而使用这些词汇。
虽然高考书面表达提倡和鼓励考生使用高级词汇, 但这并不意味着考生要去选择一些偏、怪、难的词汇。使用高级词汇, 不是片面追求花哨文字, 或拼凑一些错误百出的英语词句, 而是要确保在没有错误的前提下进行适当地发挥。
二、学会使用高级句型
学生在平常造句时要遵循这样的原则:句式多变, 语法活用。句子是表达一个完整意思的最小单位, 所以, 造句能力在英语写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动、形象、准确地表达内容, 要想写出漂亮的书面表达, 必须从写好句子开始。正所谓“万丈高楼平地起”。因此, 学生必须练好扎实的语言基本功。除了掌握好英语简单句的基本句型并学会去应用之外, 学生还要学会使用复合句、长句;力求变换各种句式, 如强调句、倒装句、各种从句和固定句型等, 长句和短句交错使用等等。英语和汉语中都有一词多义的现象, 写作时同样的意思, 考生应该尽可能用多种方法翻译, 然后找出一个最佳表达。比如下面这个句子的翻译:
这本书是如此的有趣, 以至于我读了一遍又一遍。
翻译1:This book was so interesting that I read it again and again.
翻译2:This was such an interesting book that Iread it again and again.
翻译3:This was so interesting a book that Iread it again and again.
翻译4:So interesting was this book that I read it again and again.
这四句译文当中, 评卷教师最欣赏的是第四句, 因为它用了倒装句型。
具体来说可学着使用下面这些句型:
(一) 学会使用复合句
复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来, 从而使表达显得更加高级。高考写作中用到的复合句包括下面三种:
1. 名词性从句
Who has cheated in this math exam?It is clear.
→It is not clear who has cheated in this math exam.
This is my advice.We should speed up the work.
→My advice is that we should speed up the work
When will you return?I shall be glad to know it.
→I shall be glad to know when you will return.
I made a promise.I’d join the club.
→I made a promise that I’d join the club.
2. 定语从句
The book is mine.He has taken it away.
→The book he has taken away is mine.
3. 状语从句
They were very happy.They worked out the results.
→When they worked out the results, they were very happy.
(二) 学会使用非谓语动词
When he heard the exciting news, the boy jumped for joy.
→Hearing the exciting news, the boy jumped for joy.
When he asked about his family, he made no answer.
→Asked about his family, he made no answer.
He got up early in order to catch the bus.
→He got up early so that he could catch the bus.
(三) 学会使用某些惯用句型
学生在写作中如果能恰当运用英语中某些常见的惯用句型, 可以使文章显得富有“洋味”。
1.It happened (chanced) that+clause.=sb.happened/chanced sth.=sb.did sth.by chance.
当我到那儿时, 碰巧他不在。
→It happened that he was out when I got there.
→He happened to be out when I got there.
→It chanced that he was out when I got there.
→He was out by chance when I got there.
2. It is/was+被强调的部分+that (who) +剩余的部分.
直到他回来我才睡觉。
→It wasn’t until he came back that I went to bed.
只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。
→It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school today.
3. It is+段时间+since+主语+did.
他已经离开这儿五年了。
→It is five years since he left here.
4. It+谓语+段时间+before+主语+谓语.
没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。
→It wasn’t long before the people in that country rose up.
从上面的论述可以看出, 句子是作文最大的单位, 有了漂亮的句子, 用好的连词将其连句成段, 再加上亮点词汇的点缀, 一篇好的高考英语作文就有了。
三、结束语
综上所述, 高考书面表达提出的鼓励学生使用高级词汇和高级句型, 为学生充分发挥自己的英语表达能力提供了很大的空间。只要学生充分发挥自己的主观能动性, 充分发挥自己驾驭语言的能力, 学会使用平常见到的、积累的高级词汇和高级句型, 并学会应用它们, 就一定能把自己的写作能力提高到一个更高的层次。
参考文献
包天仁.2005.素质教育理念下的英语测试新探究[M].长春:吉林教育出版社.
从高考题看强调句型考查的特点 篇8
一、 强调句型结构趋于复杂化，理解难度增大。（划线部分为答案，下同）
1. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)
A. oneB. that C. whatD. it
2. It was with great joy________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)
A. beforeB. whichC. sinceD. that
3. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm________we worked. (2007山东)
A． thatB． thereC． whichD． where
从以上高考例子可以看出强调句型的考查趋势，那就是强调句型的结构趋于复杂化，具体表现为句子中掺和其他从句，使理解的难度增大，尤其是2007山东卷中对强调句的考查，乍一看，需要填强调that，但分析问句发现，下句其实是一个省略句，省略了that后的成分，we work实际是where引导的定语从句。此题给人耳目一新的感觉。
二、 强调部分从短语向句子过渡。
1. It is these poisonous products________can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003上海)
A. whoB. thatC. howD. what
2. It is what you do rather than what you say________matters. (2005天津)
A. that B. what C. which D. this
3. It is not who is right but what is right
is of importance. (2007重庆)
A. whichB. itC. thatD. this
例1 强调了作主语的名词短语these poisonous products，而在例2和例3中分别强调了主语从句what you do rather than what you say和not who is right but what is right，难点还在于每个句子都包含着两个分句，一个由rather than引出，一个由not ... but
连接。
三、 强调句从肯定句向否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。
1. It was only recently when I reread his poems recently________I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 1998)
A. untilB. thatC. themD. so
2. Was it in 1969________the American astronaut succeeded________landing on the moon? (1994上海)
A. when; onB. that; on
C. when; inD. that; in
3. Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say? (2004上海)
A. What is it thatB. What it is that
C. How is it thatD. How it is that
4. —________ that he managed to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (2005 山东)
A. Where was itB. What was it
C. How was itD. Why was it
考生需要熟记强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式：
强调句的否定句形式为：It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who ...
强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who ...?
强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词 + is / was it + that / who ...?
四、 重复率高，尤其体现在对not ... until句型的考查上。
not ... until句型中，强调until引导的短语或从句时的结构为：
It is / was not until ... that ...
1. It was not________she took off her dark glasses________I realized she was a famous star. (NMET 1992)
A. when; thatB. until; that
C. until; whenD. when; then
2. It was________back home after the experiment. (2004湖北)
A． not until midnight did he go
B． until midnight that he didnt go
C． not until midnight that he went
D． until midnight when he didnt go
3. It wasnt until nearly a month later______I received the managers reply. (2005Ⅰ)
A. since B. when C. as D. that
4. It________we had stayed together for a couple of weeks________I found we had a lot in common. (2007 浙江)
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C. wasnt until; when
D. wasnt until; that
五、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置于从句中，增加判断句子的难度。
1. It was how the young man had learned five languages________ attracted the audiences interest. (2000上海)
A. so thatB. that
C. what________ D. in which
2. I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. (2002上海)
3. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature________he chose the course. (2006上海春)
A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how
例1）强调了how引导的主语从句，而例2和例3中，强调句型却出现在宾语从句中，考生须熟练掌握句子结构才能分辨出强调句型来。
六、干扰因素增多，增加了与其它相似句型的辨析，尤其是it开头的句子。
1. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight oclock______he arrived home. (2005福建)
A. beforeB. whenC. thatD. until
It was ＋ 时间点 ＋ when ... “发生某事时，时间为……”
2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years________I enjoyed myself so much. (2005 安徽)
A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since
It is / has been ＋ 时间段 ＋ since ...
since从句中谓语为短暂性动词时，意为“做某事已有多久了”。
It is a long time since we arrived here. 我们到这儿已有一段时间了。
It is almost five years since we saw each other last time. 我们上次见面到现在已有五年了。
since从句中谓语为延续性动词或状态动词时，意为“已有多久没做某事了”。
It has been ten years since he was here last time. 自从他上次离开这儿已经过了10年。
3） It was evening________we reached the little town of Winchester. (2005天津)
A. thatB. untilC. sinceD. before
It was ＋ 时间点 ＋ before ... “在……之前，时间为”
4）________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京)
A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What
as引导的非限制性定语从句置于句首时，用逗号与主句隔开。
5） He was told that it would be at least three more months________he could recover and return to work. (2007福建)
A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. that
It is / was / will be ＋ 时间段 ＋ before ...“过了多久才”
从以上比较中可以看出强调句型在高考中的演变特点，那就是句子结构越来越复杂，理解难度增大，判断的难度也逐年增加。但是万变不离其宗，只要记住强调句型的由来及基本构成形式，学会用还原法验证自己的判断，问题便可以迎刃而解。
【巩固练习】
1. It is from the gatehouse________we get newspapers, magazines and letters.
A. thatB. which
C. in whichD. where
2. —Was it what he said or something that he did________made you cry so sadly, Sarah?
—No, not really.
A. whichB. thatC. whenD. what
3. I really dont know for certain________they discussed this important problem secretly.
A. where was it thatB. where it was that
C. where thatD. it was where that
4. It was________Li Ming had always been working hard that he was admitted to Beijing University last July,________the saying goes, “No pains, no gains”.
A. as; thoughB. because; as
C. for; ifD. since; when
5. It is because English is being widely used at present________ .
A. why we learn it hard
B. that we learn it hard
C. which we must learn
D. when we should learn
6. Is it the years________you worked in the factory________have a great effect on your literary works?
A. that; whereB. that; that
C. when; whereD. when; that
7. It is the Long March Rocket 2F, as reported, ______sent Shenzhou Ⅵ spaceship into space.
A. whichB. what C. that D. as
8. —Susan looks unhappy today.
—Yes, but she cant tell what it is________ is bothering her.
A. asB. whatC. thatD. which
9. —________ you persuaded Jenny to give up surfing？
—Through a friend of mine.
A. It was how thatB. How was it
C. How was it thatD. Was it how that
10. —Did they all pass the driving test?
—No,________only three of them who passed it.
A. there wasB. that was
C. there wereD. it was
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