奥巴马中英文演讲稿

奥巴马中英文演讲稿（共8篇）

奥巴马中英文演讲稿 篇1

2011-04-06 15:04(分类:默认分类)

奥巴马开学演讲稿 弗吉尼亚州，阿林顿市，2009年9月8日嗨，大家好！你们今天过得怎么样？我现在和弗吉尼亚州阿林顿郡韦克菲尔德高中的学生们在一起，全国各地也有从幼儿园到高三的众多学生们通过电视关注这里，我很高兴你们能共同分享这一时刻。我知道，对你们中的许多人来说，今天是开学的第一天，你们中的有一些刚刚进入幼儿园或升上初高中，对你们来说，这是在新学校的第一天，因此，假如你们感到有些紧张，那也是很正常的。我想也会有许多毕业班的学生们正自信满满地准备最后一年的冲刺。不过，我想无论你有多大、在读哪个年级，许多人都打心底里希望现在还在放暑假，以及今天不用那么早起床。我可以理解这份心情。小时候，我们家在印度尼西亚住过几年，而我妈妈没钱送我去其他美国孩子们上学的地方去读书，因此她决定自己给我上课——时间是每周一到周五的凌晨4点半。显然，我不怎么喜欢那么早就爬起来，很多时候，我就这么在厨房的桌子前睡着了。每当我埋怨的时候，我妈总会用同一副表情看着我说：“小鬼，你以为教你我就很轻松？”所以，我可以理解你们中的许多人对于开学还需要时间来调整和适应，但今天我站在这里，是为了和你们谈一些重要的事情。我要和你们谈一谈你们每个人的教育，以及在新的学年里，你们应当做些什么。我做过许多关于教育的讲话，也常常用到“责任”这个词。我谈到过教师们有责任激励和启迪你们，督促你们学习。我谈到过家长们有责任看管你们认真学习、完成作业，不要成天只会看电视或打游戏机。我也很多次谈到过政府有责任设定高标准严要求、协助老师和校长们的工作，改变在有些学校里学生得不到应有的学习机会的现状。但哪怕这一切都达到最好，哪怕我们有最尽职的教师、最好的家长、和最优秀的学校，假如你们不去履行自己的责任的话，那么这一切努力都会白费。——除非你每天准时去上学、除非你认真地听老师讲课、除非你把父母、长辈和其他大人们说的话放在心上、除非你肯付出成功所必需的努力，否则这一切都会失去意义。而这就是我今天讲话的主题：对于自己的教育，你们中每一个人的责任。首先，我想谈谈你们对于自己有什么责任。你们中的每一个人都会有自己擅长的东西，每一个人都是有用之材，而发现自己的才能是什么，就是你们要对自己担起的责任。教育给你们提供了发现自己才能的机会。或许你能写出优美的文字——甚至有一天能让那些文字出现在书籍和报刊上——但假如不在英语课上经常练习写作，你不会发现自己有这样的天赋；或许你能成为一个发明家、创造家——甚至设计出像今天的iPhone一样流行的产品，或研制出新的药物与疫苗——但假如不在自然科学课程上做上几次实验，你不会知道自己有这样的天赋；或许你能成为一名议员或最高法院法官，但假如你不去加入什么学生会或参加几次辩论赛，你也不会发现自己的才能。而且，我可以向你保证，不管你将来想要做什么，你都需要相应的教育。——你想当名医生、当名教师或当名警官？你想成为护士、成为建筑设计师、律师或军人？无论你选择哪一种职业，良好的教育都必不可少，这世上不存在不把书念完就能拿到好工作的美梦，任何工作，都需要你的汗水、训练与学习。不仅仅对于你们个人的未来有重要意义，你们的教育如何也会对这个国家、乃至世界的未来产生重要影响。今天你们在学校中学习的内容，将会决定我们整个国家在未来迎接重大挑战时的表现。你们需要在数理科学课程上学习的知识和技能，去治疗癌症、艾滋那样的疾病，和解决我们面临的能源问题与环境问题；你们需要在历史社科课程上培养出的观察力与判断力，来减轻和消除无家可归与贫困、犯罪问题和各种歧视，让这个国家变得更加公平和自由；你们需要在各类课程中逐渐累积和发展出来的创新意识和思维，去创业和建立新的公司与企业，来制造就业机会和推动经济的增长。我们需要你们中的每一个人都培养和发展自己的天赋、技能和才智，来解决我们所面对的最困难的问题。假如你不这么做——假如你放弃学习——那么你不仅是放弃了自己，也是放弃了你的国家。当然，我明白，读好书并不总是件容易的事。我知道你们中的许多人在生活中面临着各种各样的问题，很难把精力集中在专心读书之上。我知道你们的感受。我父亲在我两岁时就离开了家庭，是母亲一人将我们拉扯大，有时她付不起帐单；有时我们得不到其他孩子们都有的东西，有时我会想，假如父亲在该多好；有时我会感到孤独无助，与周围的环境格格不入。因此我并不总是能专心学习，我做过许多自己觉得丢脸的事情，也惹出过许多不该惹的麻烦，我的生活岌岌可危，随时可能急转直下。但我很幸运。我在许多事上都得到了重来的机会，我得到了去大学读法学院、实现自己梦想的机会。我的妻子——现在得叫她第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马了——也有着相似的人生故事，她的父母都没读过大学，也没有什么财产，但他们和她都辛勤工作，好让她有机会去这个国家最优秀的学校读书。你们中有些人可能没有这些有利条件，或许你的生活中没有能为你提供帮助和支持的长辈，或许你的某个家长没有工作、经济拮据，或许你住的社区不那么安全，或许你认识一些会对你产生不良影响的朋友，等等。但归根结底，你的生活状况——你的长相、出身、经济条件、家庭氛围——都不是疏忽学业和态度恶劣的借口，这些不是你去跟老师顶嘴、逃课、或是辍学的借口，这些不是你不好好读书的借口。你的未来，并不取决于你现在的生活有多好或多坏。没有人为你编排好你的命运，在美国，你的命运由你自己书写，你的未来由你自己掌握。而在这片土地上的每个地方，千千万万和你一样的年轻人正是这样在书写着自己的命运。例如德克萨斯州罗马市的贾斯敏·佩雷兹（Jazmin Perez）。刚进学校时，她根本不会说英语，她住的地方几乎没人上过大学，她的父母也没有受过高等教育，但她努力学习，取得了优异的成绩，靠奖学金进入了布朗大学，如今正在攻读公共卫生专业的博士学位。我还想起了加利福尼亚州洛斯拉图斯市的安多尼·舒尔兹（Andoni Schultz），他从三岁起就开始与脑癌病魔做斗争，他熬过了一次次治疗与手术——其中一次影响了他的记忆，因此他得花出比常人多几百个小时的时间来完成学业，但他从不曾落下自己的功课。这个秋天，他要开始在大学读书了。又比如在我的家乡，伊利诺斯州芝加哥市，身为孤儿的香特尔·史蒂夫（Shantell Steve）换过多次收养家庭，从小在治安很差的地区长大，但她努力争取到了在当地保健站工作的机会、发起了一个让青少年远离犯罪团伙的项目，很快，她也将以优异的成绩从中学毕业，去大学深造。贾斯敏、安多尼和香特尔与你们并没有什么不同。和你们一样，他们也在生活中遭遇各种各样的困难与问题，但他们拒绝放弃，他们选择为自己的教育担起责任、给自己定下奋斗的目标。我希望你们中的每一个人，都能做得到这些。因此，在今天，我号召你们每一个人都为自己的教育定下一个目标——并在之后，尽自己的一切努力去实现它。你的目标可以很简单，像是完成作业、认真听讲或每天阅读——或许你打算参加一些课外活动，或在社区做些志愿工作；或许你决定为那些因为长相或出身等等原因而受嘲弄或欺负的孩子做主、维护他们的权益，因为你和我一样，认为每个孩子都应该能有一个安全的学习环境；或许你认为该学着更好的照顾自己，来为将来的学习做准备„„当然，除此之外，我希望你们都多多洗手、感到身体不舒服的时候要多在家休息，免得大家在秋冬感冒高发季节都得流感。不管你决定做什么，我都希望你能坚持到底，希望你能真的下定决心。我知道有些时候，电视上播放的节目会让你产生这样那样的错觉，似乎你不需要付出多大的努力就能腰缠万贯、功成名就——你会认为只要会唱rap、会打篮球或参加个什么真人秀节目就能坐享其成，但现实是，你几乎没有可能走上其中任何一条道路。因为，成功是件难事。你不可能对要读的每门课程都兴趣盎然，你不可能和每名带课教师都相处顺利，你也不可能每次都遇上看起来和现实生活有关的作业。而且，并不是每件事，你都能在头一次尝试时获得成功。但那没有关系。因为在这个世界上，最成功的人们往往也经历过最多的失败。J.K.罗琳的第一本《哈利·波特》被出版商拒绝了十二次才最终出版；迈克尔·乔丹上高中时被学校的篮球队刷了下来，在他的职业生涯里，他输了几百场比赛、投失过几千次射篮，知道他是怎么说的吗？“我一生不停地失败、失败再失败，这就是我现在成功的原因。” 他们的成功，源于他们明白人不能让失败左右自己——而是要从中吸取经验。从失败中，你可以明白下一次自己可以做出怎样的改变；假如你惹了什么麻烦，那并不说明你就是个捣蛋贵，而是在提醒你，在将来要对自己有更严格的要求；假如你考了个低分，那并不说明你就比别人笨，而是在告诉你，自己得在学习上花更多的时间。没有哪一个人一生出来就擅长做什么事情的，只有努力才能培养出技能。任何人都不是在第一次接触一项体育运动时就成为校队的代表，任何人都不是在第一次唱一首歌时就找准每一个音，一切都需要熟能生巧。对于学业也是一样，你或许要反复运算才能解出一道数学题的正确答案，你或许需要读一段文字好几遍才能理解它的意思，你或许得把论文改上好几次才能符合提交的标准。这都是很正常的。不要害怕提问。不要不敢向他人求助。——我每天都在这么做。求助并不是软弱的表现，恰恰相反，它说明你有勇气承认自己的不足、并愿意去学习新的知识。所以，有不懂时，就向大人们求助吧——找个你信得过的对象，例如父母、长辈、老师、教练或辅导员——让他们帮助你向目标前进。你要记住，哪怕你表现不好、哪怕你失去信心、哪怕你觉得身边的人都已经放弃了你——永远不要自己放弃自己。因为当你放弃自己的时候，你也放弃了自己的国家。美国不是一个人们遭遇困难就轻易放弃的国度，在这个国家，人们坚持到底、人们加倍努力，为了他们所热爱的国度，每一个人都尽着自己最大的努力，不会给自己留任何余地。250年前，有一群和你们一样的学生，他们之后奋起努力、用一场革命最终造就了这个国家；75年前，有一群和你们一样的学生，他们之后战胜了大萧条、赢得了二战；就在20年前，和你们一样的学生们，他们后来创立了Google、Twitter和Facebook，改变了我们人与人之间沟通的方式。因此，今天我想要问你们，你们会做出什么样的贡献？你们将解决什么样的难题？你们能发现什么样的事物？

二十、五十或百年之后，假如那时的美国总统也来做一次开学演讲的话，他会怎样描述你们对这个国家所做的一切？你们的家长、你们的老师和我，每一个人都在尽最大的努力，确保你们都能得到应有的教育来回答这些问题。例如我正在努力为你们提供更安全的教室、更多的书籍、更先进的设施与计算机。但你们也要担起自己的责任。因此我要求你们在今年能够认真起来，我要求你们尽心地去做自己着手的每一件事，我要求你们每一个人都有所成就。请不要让我们失望——不要让你的家人、你的国家和你自己失望。你们要成为我们骄傲，我知道，你们一定可以做到。

Thank you!Hello!(Applause.)Thank you.Thank you.Well, hello, Philadelphia!(Applause.)And hello, Masterman.It is wonderful to see all of you.What a terrific introduction by Kelly.Give Kelly a big round of applause.(Applause.)I was saying backstage that when I was in high school, I could not have done that.(Laughter.)I would have muffed it up somehow.So we are so proud of you and everything that you’ve done.And to all the students here, I’m thrilled to be here.谢谢！你们好！（掌声。）谢谢。谢谢。你好，费城！（掌声。）你好，马斯特曼。见到你们真是太好了。Kelly的介绍真是太棒了。让我们对Kelly报以热烈的掌声。在后台的时候我说，我上高中的时候我就做不这么好，我可能会弄的一团糟。所以让我们为你和你做的一切自豪吧。站在这里我很激动。

kelly 在奥巴马总统演讲前，一名叫Kelly的学生做了演讲。backstage n.后台

muff v.笨拙地处理，将事情弄糟 thrilled a.激动的

We’ve got a couple introductions I want to make.First of all, you’ve got the outstanding governor of Pennsylvania, Ed Rendell, in the house.(Applause.)The mayor of Philadelphia, Michael Nutter, is here.(Applause.)Congressman Chaka Fattah is here.(Applause.)Congresswoman Allyson Schwartz is here.(Applause.)Your own principal, Marge Neff, is here.(Applause.)The school superintendent, Arlene Ackerman, is here and doing a great job.(Applause.)And the Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, is here.(Applause.)

我想介绍几个人。首先，来到这儿的有，杰出的宾夕法尼亚州州长，Ed Rendell。（掌声。）费城市长，Michael Nutter。国会议员Fattah和Allyson Schwartz（掌声）。你们的校长Marge Neff（掌声）。学校管理人Arlene Ackerman是这个学校的，并且为学校做了很大的贡献。（掌声）。还有教育部秘书长Arne Duncan。（掌声）

outstanding a.杰出的 Congressman n.国会议员 principal n.校长

superintendent n.院长

And I am here.(Applause.)And I am thrilled to be here.I am just so excited.I’ve heard such great things about what all of you are doing, both the students and the teachers and the staff here.还有我。（掌声），我感到非常的激动。我耳闻了你们做的那些伟大的事，这里面有在校的学生，老师和工作人员。

Today is about welcoming all of you, and all of America’s students, back to school, even though I know you’ve been in school for a little bit now.And I can’t think of a better place to do it than at Masterman.(Applause.)Because you are one of the best schools in Philadelphia.You are a leader in helping students succeed in the classroom.Just last week, you were recognized by a National Blue Ribbon--as a National Blue Ribbon School because of your record of achievement.And that is a testament to everybody here –-to the students, to the parents, to the teachers, to the school leaders.It’s an example of excellence that I hope communities across America can embrace.今天欢迎你们，欢迎每一个美国学生回校上课，当然你们在学校已经呆了一段时间了。我想不出除了在Masterman外，还有哪个地方更适合做这件事。（掌声）因为你们是费城最好的学校之一。你们在教育方面是领头军。就在上周，由于你们的卓越贡献，被授为国家蓝丝带勋章。这是对每个人的见证，对学生，家长，老师还有学校领导人。我希望全美的社会团体都能欣然接受这个杰出代表的例子。

embrace vt.拥抱；接受

Over the past few weeks, Michelle and I have been getting Sasha and Malia ready for school.And they’re excited about it.I’ll bet they had the same feelings that you do--you’re a little sad to see the summer go, but you’re also excited about the possibilities of a new year.The possibilities of building new friendships and strengthening old ones, of joining a school club, or trying out for a team.The possibilities of growing into a better student and a better person and making not just your family proud but making yourself proud.几周前，我和Michelle为Sasha和Malia上学的事做准备。她们两个对这非常的期待。我敢打赌她们和你们一样，有着相同的感觉。你们为夏天的逝去而神伤，但是你们更应该期待新的一年。如你们可以结交新的朋友，加深同老朋友的感情，加入学校俱乐部，参加各种团队的选拔赛。成长为一个更优秀的学生和个人，不仅仅让你的家人自豪，同样让你们自己也很有成就感。

build friendships 结交新朋友

But I know some of you may also be a little nervous about starting a new school year.Maybe you’re making the jump from elementary to middle school, or from middle school to high school, and you’re worried about what that’s going to be like.Maybe you’re starting a new school.You’re not sure how you’ll like it, trying to figure out how you’re going to fit in.Or maybe you’re a senior, and you’re anxious about the whole college process;about where to apply and whether you can afford to go to college.我知道，你们中有些人在新学年会有些紧张。或许你刚从小学升到初中，从初中升到高中，会担心，新的学年将会是什么样的呢。也许你进入一所新的学校，不知道是否会喜欢这个学校，想着怎么来融入这个学校。或许你到了高三年级，对整个的大学入学程序感到不安，比如申请那里的学校，能不能支付上大学的费用等等。

elementary school n.小学 figure out 想明白，弄清楚 fit in 融入，适应 afford to do 承担得起

And beyond all those concerns, I know a lot of you are also feeling the strain of some difficult times.You know what’s going on in the news and you also know what’s going on in some of your own families.You’ve read about the war in Afghanistan.You hear about the recession that we’ve been through.And sometimes maybe you’re seeing the worries in your parents’ faces or sense it in their voice.除此之外，我知道你们还有来自困难时期的压力。你们知道新闻内容，知道你们一些家庭中发发生的事情。你们读过有关阿富汗战争的信息，听说过我们经历过的经济不景气。有时你们还看到了双亲脸上挂着的忧虑，或从他们的声音中感受到了这些。

strain n.压力

So a lot of you as a consequence, because we’re going through a tough time a country, are having to act a lot older than you are.You got to be strong for your family while your brother or sister is serving overseas, or you’ve got to look after younger siblings while your mom is working that second shift.Or maybe some of you who are little bit older, you’re taking on a part-time job while your dad’s out of work.所以，因为我们国家面临困难时期，你们许多人的行为看上去比实际年龄要大。姐姐哥哥在海外工作，你们会表现得坚强，或许妈妈去值第二班，你们就要照顾年幼的弟弟妹妹。或许你们有些人年长一点的，父亲失了业，你们还要做兼职。

as a consequence 结果，所以

tough time 困难时期【tough a.艰难的】 sibling n.兄弟姐妹，同胞 shift n.轮班

And that’s a lot to handle.It’s more than you should have to handle.And it may make you wonder at times what your own future will look like, whether you’re going to be able to succeed in school, whether you should maybe set your sights a little lower, scale back your dreams.有太多事情要做了，很多是你们不应该做的。这让你们迷茫，不知道自己的未来会是什么样，在学校能不能取得好成绩，是不是应该把目光降低些，把理想放低些。

handle v.处理，应对 scale back 缩减

But I came to Masterman to tell all of you what I think you’re hearing from your principal and your superintendent, and from your parents and your teachers: Nobody gets to write your destiny but you.Your future is in your hands.Your life is what you make of it.And nothing--absolutely nothing--is beyond your reach, so long as you’re willing to dream big, so long as you’re willing to work hard.So long as you’re willing to stay focused on your education, there is not a single thing that any of you cannot accomplish, not a single thing.I believe that.但是，我来到马斯特曼，告诉你们一句话。我想这句话你们的校长、院长、父母以及老师都曾告诉过你们，那就是，没有人，只有你才能书写你自己的命运。未来在你自己手中，生活由自己缔造。只要志向远大，并努力为之奋斗，没有什么是不能得到的。只要你专注于学业，没有什么事不能实现的。我确信。

destiny n.命运 accomplish v.完成

And that last part is absolutely essential, that part about really working hard in school, because an education has never been more important than it is today.I’m sure there are going to be times in the months ahead when you’re staying up late doing your homework or cramming for a test, or you’re dragging yourself out of bed on a rainy morning and you’re thinking, oh, boy, I wish maybe it was a snow day.(Laughter.)

最后这一点，在学校努力奋斗是必要的。因为教育从未像现在这样重要。我确信，几个月后会有一段时间，你们会完善熬夜写作业，为考试临时抱佛脚，或者在一个雨天的早晨把自己从被窝里拖出来，想，哦天，怎么不是下雪天？！（笑）

absolutely ad.绝对地 cram v.临时抱佛脚；吃得过饱

But let me tell you, what you’re doing is worth it.There is nothing more important than what you’re doing right now.Nothing is going to have as great an impact on your success in life as your education, how you’re doing in school.但是让我告诉你，你所做的一切都是值得的。你们现在要做的事情无比重要。没有什么比你的受教育程度以及你在学校的所做之事更能决定你的成功。

More and more, the kinds of opportunities that are open to you are going to be determined by how far you go in school.The farther you go in school, the farther you’re going to go in life.And at a time when other countries are competing with us like never before, when students around the world in Beijing, China, or Bangalore, India, are working harder than ever, and doing better than ever, your success in school is not just going to determine your success, it’s going to determine America’s success in the 21st century.能否能抓住机遇，越来越取决于你们在学校的努力。你们在学校的表现越好，生活中就能走得越远。当今，其他国家正与我们竞争，而且比以往任何时候都激烈。在中国北京或者印度邦加罗尔的学生比以前更加努力，而且比以前表现更好。你们在学校的成功并不只决定了自己一人的成功，还决定了美国在21世界是否能够成功。

So you’ve got an obligation to yourselves, and America has an obligation to you, to make sure you’re getting the best education possible.And making sure you get that kind of education is going to take all of us working hard and all of us working hand in hand.所以，你们要承担起这样的责任和义务。同时国家也向你们承担责任和义务，那就是为你们提供最好的教育，为此我们要努力，共同奋斗。

obligation n.责任，义务

It takes all of us in government--from the governor to the mayor to the superintendent to the President--all of us doing our part to prepare our students, all of them, for success in the classroom and in college and in a career.It’s going to take an outstanding principal, like Principal Neff, and outstanding teachers like the ones you have here at Masterman--teachers who are going above and beyond the call of duty for their students.And it’s going to take parents who are committed to your education.所有政府工作人员，从州长到市长，到院长，到总统，所有人都要履行职责为我们的学生做好准备，帮助他们在教室、在大学、在事业上取得成功。这就需要我们有一个杰出的校长，像校长Neff，和优秀的老师，正如你们的马斯特曼的老师们。老师们要履行好对学生所应担负起的责任。我也希望家长负起责任。

佳句欣赏

Nobody gets to write your destiny but you.Your future is in your hands.Your life is what you make of it.没有人，只有你才能书写你自己的命运。未来在你自己手中，生活由自己缔造。

背景知识

这是奥巴马第二次发表开学演讲。奥巴马2009年的演讲招来了许多批评和抵制。一些反对者指责称，奥巴马试图通过演讲向学生灌输政治理念。部分媒体还批评奥巴马试图建立个人崇拜。在美国各地，也有许多家长向当地教育官员表示抗议，一些家长甚至威胁在奥巴马演讲时把孩子离教室。有了去年的“教训”，今年的总统开学演讲，白宫意强调这是一次“非政治活动”，而奥巴马本人也在演讲中回避政治话题。-转自[英

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奥巴马中英文演讲稿 篇2

According to Halliday, the adult’s language becomes much more complex and it has to serve many more functions, which are meta-functions, one of which is interpersonal function (Hu, 2007) .Barack Obama, in his addresses, uses the language to set up closer and deeper relationship with voters, create his own image, and influence votes’behavior.Voters are often deeply moved by his speeches.Thus, Obama’s speech can be seen in the full realization of the interpersonal function.His Weekly Radio Address can be analyzed to see the detailed realization in this paper.

2、Literature Review

2.1、Related Studies

Hewes, Roloff, Planalp and Reibold believe that in order to identify key areas of both agreement and controversy in the study of interpersonal communication, they propose such a hierarchy of skills.

Li Zhanzi (2002) points out that pronoun, tense, direct speech, indirect speech, reflective expression and appraisal methods can also show interpersonal function.She suggests that the interpersonal function of language should be studied from different perspectives in different theories.

Each of the theories mentioned above has its merits as well as demerits in dealing with the interaction in speech.This thesis will absorb the merits from these theories to explore the interpersonal function realized in the specific discourse of political public speech.

2.2、Features of Public Political Speech

Political speech here refers to those given by authorities with political purposes in order to influence a certain group of people.From the definition, we may easily infer the features of political speech.The first is the multiple aims, and the other is the power with which the aims are enforced upon the hearers.

In a political speech, power is a prominent feature that deserves our attention, speaking effectively in public is one of the oldest and most powerful weapons.Obvious examples from the last century include Lenin, Churchill, de Gaulle, Castro and Martin Luther King.As politicians, they represented a very wide range of opinions and beliefs.But one thing they all have in common is a quite extraordinary ability to captivate their audiences, inspire crowds and mobilize mass opinions (Atkinson, 1984) .

3、Case Study

3.1、Mood

Mood is made up of two parts:the“Subject”and the“Finite”element.The subject can be a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause.As subjects, the personal pronouns play an important part.The choice of personal pronouns can not only indicate their existence of the speaker and the listeners but also indicate the speaker’s attitudes and their relationship.In this article, there are 20“we”s, 6“I”s and 2“you”s as the subject.For example,

“That’s why we’re pursuing an all-of-the-above strategy.We’re producing more biofuels, more fuel-efficient cars, more solar power, more wind power.“

The frequent use“we”as subjects can make Obama and the public stand on the same position as if they have common goals, tasks and interests.Besides, “I”can highly identify the identity of Obama as the President of the USA.He, the President, is working hard for the new policy and a happier and more comfortable life of all Americans.Obama tells the public his great effort sincerely with“I”.The publics should be deeply touched.

However, in the sentences“Now, you wouldn’t know it by listening to some of the folks running for office today“, “you”is the subject.It can stress the exit of the audience and make the address more interactive and communicative.

3.2、Modality and Modulation

Halliday believes that modality the speaker’s judgment and prediction toward a statement.Modulation refers to the scale of obligation and inclination in proposals (offers and demands) , where the meaning of the positive and negative poles is prescribing and proscribing.Both obligation and inclination can be expressed in either of the two ways: (1) by finite modal operators; (2) by an expansion of (上接第176页)

the Predicator such as a passive verb or an adjective (Liu, 2007) .

In the article, there are 5“will”s, 3“would”s and 3“can”s.For example,

“You see, in a matter of days, funding will stop for all sorts of transportation projects.Construction sites will go idle.Workers will have to go home.And our economy will take a hit.”

Obama use modal auxiliaries such as“will”, “might”, “would”to express his blueprint and his confidence, determination and persistence to the new policy.He desires to get the support and trust from publics.

In order to promote the ruling ideology and seek public support, Obama use a lot of offers and statements in parallelism in this address, for example,

“Under my Administration, we’re producing more oil than at any other time in the last eight years.We’ve quadrupled the number of operating oil rigs to a record high.And we’ve added enough oil and gas pipeline to circle the entire Earth and then some.Those are the facts.”

Also, in the following sentence, Obama stimulate the public’s with the contrast power of a positive and a negative statement to emphasize his assumption,

“I don’t want to cede these clean energy industries to China or Germany or any other country.I want to see solar panels and wind turbines and fuel-efficient cars manufactured right here in America, by American workers.”

This kind of sentences can appeal to the audience directly, catch their attention and arouse their enthusiasm.In addition, these statements can also weaken the power relationship, so that the speaker and the audience to keep a relationship of equality and mutual trust.The publics believe that their President is working for them wholeheartedly.

4、Conclusion

This thesis uses Obama’s Weekly Radio Address as an example to demonstrate how interpersonal function is generally realized in a political speech.It is found that Obama makes good use of the complex references of personal pronouns, the ambiguity of the moda auxiliaries, and the various ways to convey imperativeness implicitly to achieve various purposes in his speech.His tactic uses of these linguistic elements have achieved the multiple aims in a speech and also showed his creativity in making a political speech.These factors determine and influence the interpersonal function of language and also meet the communicative function of the language.Thus, the speaker exploits the language to the utmost to achieve his aims.

参考文献

[1]、Atkinson, M.Our Master’s Voices The Language and Body Language of Politics[M].London:Routledge.1984.

[2]、Bach, K.&Harnish, M.Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts[M].Cambridge/Massachusetts:MIT.1979.

[3]、Halliday, M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Reach Press.2000.

[4]、胡壮麟.《语言学教程》[M].北京:北京大学出版社.1988.

[5]、李战子.《话语的人际意义研究》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社.2002.

学生阅读奥巴马演讲稿有何不妥？ 篇3

现在有一些家长，根本见不得孩子读与中、高考无关的书，担心这样影响考试成绩，殊不知，这样的读书，不但极为功利，也影响孩子的读书兴趣。这所学校在开学时，选择奥巴马《我们为什么要上学》的演讲稿，其实挺有意思的，不但拓宽了学生的阅读面，而且，在新学期开始时读这么一篇演讲稿，可以引发学生对上学读书的思考。

最近，教育部在拟定减负规定，提出小学不留书面式家庭作业，可布置一些适合小学生特点的体验式作业。从学校让学生阅读奥巴马演讲稿都引起争议，可以预见，体验式作业很难走远。

对于学校的这种安排、学生们的这类阅读，套上“东方”、“西方”加以批评，也是近年来一些人惯用的手法，但可以说，批评者并没有搞清楚什么是教育。因为奥巴马这个《我们为什么要上学》的演讲视频很火，我便搜索了视频和中文翻译稿，仔细听了一遍，发现这个演讲稿的确值得一读，尤其是对学生而言。如其中“教育给你们提供了发现自己才能的机会”、“长相、出身、经济条件、家庭氛围，都不是疏忽学业和态度恶劣的借口”、“最最成功的人们往往也经历过最多的失败，但人不能让失败左右自己，而是要从中吸取经验”、“每个人要对自己担起责任”、“或许你能成为一个发明家、创造家，但假如不在自然科学课上做几次实验，你不会知道自己有这样的天赋”等观点，其实是具备共性的，对美国学生适用，对中国学生同样适用。况且这个演讲稿本身，既做到了简约明了又做到了内容丰富，推荐给学生阅读，其实是恰如其分的。

一直关注国学教育的安徽大学教授王天根曾表示，奥巴马的这个开学演讲受到很多人的欢迎，有他的价值，对孩子的成长也是一个很好的提醒。“给孩子们读，未尝不可。”合肥师范学院教师教育学院院长吴秋芬教授说，“优秀的东西都可以给孩子们读，奥巴马的演讲也很励志，给孩子读无可厚非。”

教育的本质是一样的，就是培养合格的具有独立人格、自由思想的人，让生活更美好，只要坚持教育的本质，就是好的教育，否则就是反教育，这是分析所有教育的出发点，而不能简单看教育内容究竟来自国外还是国内——富有价值的教育内容是全人类的财富。如果简单以教育的内容来自西方、东方，就对教育进行高低、好坏评价，那么，我们学的很多自然科学知识都来自西方，是否就不用学了？

教育部的数据显示，我国每年出国留学的人数已接近40万，每年增幅为23%，这一数据足以引起所有办学者、教育者、家长的思考，我们的教育究竟要走向何方？客观而言，我国今天的学校教育，重知识灌输，轻身心发展，导致不少公民没有科学精神和人文情怀，缺乏基本的公民素养。而国外的教育，更关心学生科学精神和人文情怀的形成，这是需要学习、借鉴的。盲目排外的做法虽自称是爱国、爱传统，实质并不清楚何为真正的爱国，真正的传承传统文化。

奥巴马中英文演讲稿 篇4

Hello, everybody!Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, everybody.All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat.How is everybody doing today?(Applause.)How about Tim Spicer?(Applause.)I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia.And we’ve got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade.And I am just so glad that all could join us today.And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves a big round of applause.(Applause.)

大家好！谢谢你们。谢谢你们。谢谢你们大家。好，大家请就坐。你们今天都好吗？（掌声）蒂姆·斯派塞（Tim Spicer）好吗？（掌声）我现在与弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿郡韦克菲尔德高中的学生们在一起。美国各地从小学预备班到中学12年级的学生正在收听收看。我很高兴大家今天都能参与。我还要感谢韦克菲尔德高中出色的组织安排。请为你们自己热烈鼓掌。（掌声）

I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it’s your first day in a new school, so it’s understandable if you’re a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now--(applause)--with just one more year to go.And no matter what grade you’re in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could’ve stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.我知道，今天是你们很多人开学的日子。对于进入小学预备班、初中或高中的学生，今天是你们来到新学校的第一天，心里可能有点紧张，这是可以理解的。我能想象有些毕业班学生现在感觉很不错——（掌声）——还有一年就毕业了。不论在哪个年级，你们有些人可能希望暑假更长一点，今天早上还能多睡一小会儿。

I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn’t have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.我了解这种感觉。我小时候，我们家生活在海外。我在印度尼西亚住了几年。我妈妈没有钱送我上其他美国孩子上的学校，但她认为必须让我接受美式教育。因此，她决定从周一到周五自己给我补课。不过她还要上班，所以只能在清晨四点半给我上课。

Now, as you might imagine, I wasn’t too happy about getting up that early.And a lot of times, I’d fall asleep right there at the kitchen table.But whenever I’d complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she’d say, “This is no picnic for me either, buster.”(Laughter.)

你们可以想见，我不太情愿那么早起床。有很多次，我趴在餐桌上就睡着了。但每当我抱怨的时候，我妈妈都会那样地看我一眼，然后说：“小子，这对我也并不轻松。”（笑声）

So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I’m here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education and what’s expected of all of you in this new school year.我知道你们有些人还在适应开学后的生活。但我今天来到这里是因为有重要的事情要和你们说。我来这里是要和你们谈谈你们的教育问题，以及在这个新学年对你们所有人的期望。

Now, I’ve given a lot of speeches about education.And I’ve talked about responsibility a lot.我做过很多次有关教育问题的演讲。我多次谈到过责任问题。

I’ve talked about teachers’ responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.我谈到过教师激励学生并督促他们学习的责任。

I’ve talked about your parents’ responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don’t spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.我谈到过家长的责任，要确保你们走正路，完成家庭作业，不要整天坐在电视前或玩Xbox游戏。

I’ve talked a lot about your government’s responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren’t working, where students aren’t getting the opportunities that they deserve.我多次谈到过政府的责任，要制定高标准，支持教师和校长的工作，彻底改善不能为学生提供应有机会的、教育质量差的学校。

But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed.That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.然而，即使我们拥有最敬业的教师，最尽力的家长和全世界最好的学校——如果你们大家不履行你们的责任，不到校上课，不专心听讲，不听家长、祖父祖母和其他大人的话，不付出取得成功所必须的勤奋努力，那么这一切都毫无用处，都无关紧要。这就是我今天讲话的重点：你们每个人对自己的教育应尽的责任。

I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you’re good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That’s the opportunity an education can provide.我首先要讲讲你们对自己应尽的责任。你们每个人都有自己的长处。你们每个人都能做出自己的贡献。你们对自己应尽的责任是发现自己的能力所在。而教育能够提供这样的机会。

Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that’s assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.你或许能成为一名出色的作家——甚至可能写书或在报纸上发表文章——但你可能要在完成那篇英文课的作文后才会发现自己的才华。你或许能成为一名创新者或发明家——甚至可能设计出新一代iPhone或研制出新型药物或疫苗——但你可能要在完成科学课的实验后才会发现自己的才华。你或许能成为一名市长或参议员或最高法院的大法官——但你可能要在参加学生会的工作或辩论队后才会发现自己的才华。

And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you’ll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You’re going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You’ve got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.不论你的生活志向是什么，我敢肯定你必须上学读书才能实现它。你想当医生、教师或警官吗？你想当护士、建筑师、律师或军人吗？你必须接受良好的教育，才能从事上述任何一种职业。你不能指望辍学后能碰上个好工作。你必须接受培训，为之努力，为之学习。

And this isn’t just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you’re learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.这并非只对你个人的人生和未来意义重大。可以毫不夸大地说，教育给你带来的益处将决定这个国家的未来。美国的未来取决于你们。你们今日在校学习的知识将决定我们作为一个国家是否能够迎接我们未来所面临的最严峻挑战。

You’ll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You’ll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free.You’ll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy.你们将需要利用你们通过自然科学和数学课程所学到的知识和解决问题的能力来治愈癌症、艾滋病及其他疾病，开发新的能源技术和保护我们的环境。你们将需要利用你们在历史学和社会学课堂上所获得的知识和独立思考能力来抗击贫困和解决无家可归问题，打击犯罪和消除歧视，使我们的国家更公平、更自由。你们将需要利用你们在所有课堂上培养的创造力和智慧来创办新公司，增加就业机会，振兴我们的经济。

We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don’t do that--if you quit on school--you’re not just quitting on yourself, you’re quitting on your country.我们需要你们每个人发挥你们的聪明才智和技能，以便帮助老一辈人解决我们面临的最棘手问题。如果你们不这样做，如果你们辍学，你们不仅仅是自暴自弃，也是抛弃自己的国家。

Now, I know it’s not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.我自然知道要做到学业优秀并非总是易事。我知道你们许多人在生活中面临挑战，难以集中精力从事学业。

I get it.I know what it’s like.My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn’t always able to give us the things that other kids had.There were times when I missed having a father in my life.There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn’t fit in.我明白这一点。我有亲身感受。两岁时，我父亲离家而去，我是由一位单亲母亲抚养成人的，母亲不得不工作，并时常为支付生活费用而苦苦挣扎，但有时仍无法为我们提供其他孩子享有的东西。有时，我渴望生活中能有一位父亲。有时我感到孤独，感到自己不适应社会。

So I wasn’t always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I’m not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse.我并非总是像我应该做到的那样专心学习，我也曾做过我如今不能引以为豪的一些事情，我曾惹过不应该惹的麻烦。我的人生原本会轻易陷入更糟糕的境地。

But I was--I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams.My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn’t have a lot of money.But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country.但是，我当年际遇不错。我有过许多第二次机会，我有幸能上大学，上法学院，追求自己的理想。我的妻子，我们的第一夫人米歇尔?奥巴马，也有着类似的经历。她的父母都未曾上过大学，家里很穷。但他们非常勤奋，她也是如此，因此她得以进入一些美国最好的学校。

Some of you might not have those advantages.Maybe you don’t have adults in your life who give you the support that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there’s not enough money to go around.Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don’t feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren’t right.你们中有一些人可能没有那些有利条件。或许你们生活中没有成年人为你们提供你们所需要的支持。或许你们家中有人失业，经济非常拮据。或许你们生活在使你们感觉不安全的社区，或有朋友逼迫你们去做你们知道不对的事情。

But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life--what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you’ve got going on at home--none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school.That’s no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school.There is no excuse for not trying.然而说到底，你们生活的环境、你们的肤色、你们的原籍、你们的经济收入、你们家中的境况等等，这一切都不能成为你们不用功或不努力的理由。你们没有理由不服从你们的老师、逃学、或辍学。没有理由不付出努力。

Where you are right now doesn’t have to determine where you’ll end up.No one’s written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny.You make your own future.你们目前的状况并不决定着你们的未来。没有人决定你们的命运，在美国，你们决定自己的命运。你们掌握自己的未来。

That’s what young people like you are doing every day, all across America.这就是像你们这样的年轻人每天都在做的事情，全美各地都是如此。

Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas.Jazmin didn’t speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University--is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.来自得州罗马城的贾兹敏 佩雷斯（Jazmin Perez）就是一个例证，她刚开始上学时并不会说英文。她的父母都没有上过大学。然而，她非常勤奋，成绩优秀，获得了布朗大学的奖学金，她如今正在读研究生，攻读公共卫生专业，不久将成为贾兹敏 佩雷斯博士。

I’m thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who’s fought brain cancer since he was three.He’s had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer--hundreds of extra hours--to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He’s headed to college this fall.我想起了加州洛斯阿尔托斯城的安多尼 舒尔茨（Andoni Schultz），他从三岁开始就一直与脑癌进行抗争，他不得不忍受各类治疗和手术带来的痛苦，其中一项手术曾影响了他的记忆，因此他花在功课上的时间比一般人长得多，要多出数百个小时。然而，他从未落后。他今年秋季将迈进大学。

And then there’s Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois.Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she’s on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college.我还想起家乡伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的尚特尔 史蒂夫（Shantell Steve）。她曾在芝加哥最困难的社区生活，寄养于多个不同的家庭，但她最终在一家地方医疗中心找到工作，并开始了一项帮助年轻人远离流氓团伙的计划，她即将以优异成绩从中学毕业，紧接着将上大学。

And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren’t any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases they’ve got it a lot worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.贾兹敏、安多尼和尚特尔与你们中间的每个人没什么两样。跟你们一样，他们在生活中面临种种挑战。在某些情况下，他们的处境比起你们许多人更差。但他们拒绝放弃。他们决定要为自己的一生、自己的教育负起责任，为自己设定各项奋斗目标。我期待你们大家都会这样做。

That’s why today I’m calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education--and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book.Maybe you’ll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community.Maybe you’ll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn.Maybe you’ll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn.And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don’t feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter.因此，我今天呼吁你们每一个人为自己的教育设定目标，并尽自己的最大努力来实现这些目标。你的目标可以是一件十分简单的事情，例如完成家庭作业、上课专心听讲、或每天花一点时间读一本书。也许你会决定要参加课外活动或在你的社区提供志愿服务。也许你会决定挺身而出保护那些因为身份或长相而受人戏弄或欺负的孩子，原因是你和我一样认为所有的年轻人都应该享有一个适合读书和学习的安全环境。也许你会决定更好地照料自己，以便有更充沛的精力来学习。顺便提一下，除了这些事情外，我希望大家要勤洗手，身体感到不舒服的时候要呆在家里不去上学，这样我们能防止人们在今年秋冬季节染上流感。

But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it.I want you to really work at it.但无论你决定做什么，我希望你保证去做。我希望你脚踏实地地去做。

I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star.Chances are you’re not going to be any of those things.我知道有时候你会从电视上得到这样的印象：你不用做任何艰苦的工作就能发财致富并取得成功，唱小调、打篮球或成为真人秀明星是走向成功的途径。但实际情况是：你可能不会成为其中的一员。

The truth is, being successful is hard.You won’t love every subject that you study.You won’t click with every teacher that you have.Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute.And you won’t necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try.事实上，取得成功不是轻而易举的事情。你不会喜欢你学习的每一门课目。你不会与你的每一位老师都很投契。不是所有的家庭作业似乎都与你眼前的生活完全有关。你第一次尝试做每件事的时候，不一定成功。

That’s okay.Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who’ve had the most failures.J.K.Rowling’s--who wrote Harry Potter--her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published.Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team.He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career.But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life.And that’s why I succeed.”

这些都没关系。世界上最成功的人士中有一些是遭遇失败最多的人。作者J.K.罗琳（J.K.Rowling）所写的系列小说《哈利 波特》（Harry Potter）第一部在获得出版之前被退稿12次。迈克尔?乔丹（Michael Jordan）曾被他的高中篮球队除名。在乔丹的篮球生涯中，他输过数百场比赛，有成千上万个球没有投中。但他曾说过：“在我的一生中，我失败了一次又一次、一次又一次。这就是我成功的原因。”

These people succeeded because they understood that you can’t let your failures define you--you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble, that doesn’t mean you’re a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade, that doesn’t mean you’re stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying.这些人士获得成功，因为他们懂得：你不能让失败来限制你，而必须让失败来开导你。你必须让失败向你展示下次如何以不同的方式去做这件事情。因此，如果你遇到麻烦，那并不表示你是麻烦的制造者，而意味着你需要更加努力去把它做对。如果你有一门课分数低，那不表示你比别人笨，而只表示你需要花更多的时间学习。

No one’s born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work.You’re not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You don’t hit every note the first time you sing a song.You’ve got to practice.The same principle applies to your schoolwork.You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right.You might have to read something a few times before you understand it.You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it’s good enough to hand in.没有一个人天生擅长做各种事情。你通过勤奋而变得擅长于各种事情。第一次从事新的体育项目时，你不可能是一位主力队员。第一次唱一首歌曲时，你不可能唱准每个音。你必须练习。同样的道理适用于你的学业。你可能要把一道数学题做几次才把它做对。你可能要把一些材料阅读几遍才能理解。在交出一篇优美的作文之前，你肯定需要打几遍草稿。

Don’t be afraid to ask questions.Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isn’t a sign of weakness, it’s a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don’t know something, and that then allows you to learn something new.So find an adult that you trust--a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor--and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals.不要害怕提问。不要在需要帮助时害怕请求别人帮助。我天天请求别人的帮助。请求帮助不是软弱的表现，它是力量的标志，因为它表明你有勇气承认自己对某些事情不懂，这样做会使你学到新的东西。因此，请确定一位你信任的成年人，例如家长、祖父母或老师、教练或辅导员，请他们帮助你遵循既定计划实现你的目标。

And even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don’t ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.即使当你苦苦挣扎、灰心丧气、感到其他人对你不抱希望时，也不要对你自己丧失信心，因为当你自暴自弃时，你也抛弃了自己的国家。

The story of America isn’t about people who quit when things got tough.It’s about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best.书写美国历史的不是在困难时刻退缩的人，而是坚持不懈、加倍努力的人，他们对国家的爱促使他们全力以赴。

It’s the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation.Young people.Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war;who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon.Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other.书写美国历史的是250年前坐在你们的位置上的学生，他们后来进行了独立战争并创建了这个国家。还有75年前坐在你们的位置上的年轻人和学生，他们走出了大萧条并打赢了一场世界大战；他们为民权而奋斗并把宇航员送上了月球。至于20年前坐在你们的位置上的学生，他们创办了谷歌（Google）、叽喳网（Twitter）和脸谱网（Facebook），改变了我们交流沟通的方式。

So today, I want to ask all of you, what’s your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country?

而今天，我要问问你们大家，你们将做出什么贡献？你们将解决什么问题？你们将有什么发现？20年、50年或100年后来到这里讲话的总统将会怎样评价你们大家为这个国家所做的一切？

Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions.I’m working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn.But you’ve got to do your part, too.So I expect all of you to get serious this year.I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do.I expect great things from each of you.So don’t let us down.Don’t let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don’t let yourself down.Make us all proud.你们的家人、你们的老师和我正在竭尽全力保证你们接受必要的教育，以便回答上述问题。我正在努力工作，以便你们的教室得到修缮，你们能够得到学习所需的课本、设备和电脑。但你们也必须尽自己的努力。因此，我希望你们大家从今年起认真对待这个问题。我希望你们尽最大努力做好每一件事。我希望你们每个人都有出色的表现。不要让我们失望。不要让你们的家人或你们的国家失望。而最重要的是，不要辜负你们自己，而要让我们都能[为你们]感到骄傲。

Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.(Applause.)

奥巴马中英文演讲稿 篇5

Thank you so much.Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and

depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come.I want to thank every American who participated in this election, whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time.By the way, we have to fix that.Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone, whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.I just spoke with Gov.Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service and that is the legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Gov.Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago.Let me say this publicly: Michelle, I have never loved you more.I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you, too, as our nation’s first lady.Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes you’re growing up to become two strong, smart beautiful young women, just like your mom.And I’m so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now one dog’s probably enough.To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics.The best.The best ever.Some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.But all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley.You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you put in.I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics that tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym, or saw folks working late in a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions.Each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through h tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.That won’t change after tonight, and it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty.We can never forget that as we speak people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter, the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers.A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation, with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow.We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this — this world has ever known.But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war, to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag.To the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner.To the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president — that’s the future we hope for.That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go — forward.That’s where we need to go.Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there.As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts.It’s not always a straight line.It’s not always a smooth path.By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won’t end all the gridlock or solve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.But that common bond is where we must begin.Our economy is recovering.A decade of war is ending.A long campaign is now over.And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you, I have learned from you, and you’ve made me a better president.And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual.You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together.Reducing our deficit.Reforming our tax code.Fixing our immigration system.Freeing ourselves from foreign oil.We’ve got more work to do.But that doesn’t mean your work is done.The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote.America’s never been about what can be done for us.It’s about what can be done by us together through the hard and frustrating, but necessary work of self-government.That’s the principle we were founded on.This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich.We have the most powerful military in history, but that’s not what makes us strong.Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth.The belief that our destiny is shared;that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations.The

freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights.And among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism.That’s what makes America great.I am hopeful tonight because I’ve seen the spirit at work in America.I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.I’ve seen it in the soldiers who reenlist after losing a limb and in those SEALs who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm.And I saw just the other day, in

Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter, whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father, but meet this incredible daughter of his.And when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’s story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes, because we knew that little girl could be our own.And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That’s who we are.That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future.I have never been more hopeful about America.And I ask you to sustain that hope.I’m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the roadblocks that stand in our path.I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.America, I believe we can build on the progress we’ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class.I believe we can keep the promise of our founders, the idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love.It doesn’t matter whether you’re black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it here in America if you’re willing to try.I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests.We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions, and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.We are and forever will be the United States of America.And together with your help and God’s grace we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, America.God bless you.God bless these United States.谢谢，非常感谢。今晚，是在一个殖民地赢得它自主权200多年之后，我们来到这里，不断前行，这主要是因为你们坚信这个国家能够实现永恒的希望，实现移民想的梦想，我们是一个大家庭，我们共同以一个国家，一个民族奋斗。

我要感谢每位参加这次选举的人，不管你是从第一天就投票了，还是一直等待了很长的时间才投的票。当然了，我们要解决这个排队投票的问题。不管你是自己上门投的票，还是打电话投的票，不管你是投了给我，还是投给罗姆尼，你的声音都被大家听到了，并且你对我们国家做出了某些改变，刚刚我跟罗姆尼通了电话，我祝贺他在这个艰难卓绝的战役当中所取得的胜利。

我们这场战役是十分激烈，但是这正是因为我们深爱着这个国家，并且我们十分在意他的未来。从罗姆尼整个家庭，孙子辈，孩子辈，整个家庭都献给了美国，这种精神我们将永远铭记。未来这几周我也希望和罗姆尼一起来讨论怎么样使我们的国家不断前进。我要感谢我的朋友，我的搭档，这是我四年来最好的搭档，也是美国历史上最好的副总统John baidn（音，校对）如果没有他，今天我就不会站在这里，如果没有20年前跟我结婚的妻子，今天我就不会站在这里。我要跟大家说，妻子，我比以前更加爱你，我更加自豪，因为我看到全国人民也十分热爱你这位第一夫人，我感到十分自豪。

对我的女儿，两位女儿，你们一天天在成长，你们成为了两位向你们的妈妈一样的淑女、美丽，有才华，我也为你们感到骄傲，但是目前我觉得给你们养一条宠物狗就够了。我还要感谢我的竞选团队和志愿者，他们是历史上最棒的。他们是最好的，最棒的，而且是史上最棒的。有些人是第一次来听我的演说，有些人四年前就听了我的获胜演说，但是每个人对我来讲都是我的一分子，不管你做了什么，不管你去了哪里，你一定会记得我们今天晚上所创的历史，你会一生都感激今天晚上的时刻，而且你们会一直记得有一个心怀感

激的总统，我要感谢你们所做的每一件事情，正是因为有了你们，我才会一路坚持下来。我对此将永远感谢，不管你做的什么，你们所做的一切我都心怀感激，并且永远鸣谢。

我知道这些政治的竞选，可能有的时候看起来很愚蠢，而且我们也听到很多人跟我们讲政治有的时候十分愚蠢，可能他只是利益的追求和冲突，但是如果你们真的有机会去机会和竞选活动上和人们谈论一些问题，或者你看到一些竞选团队，非常辛勤工作的志愿者们，你们的印象会有所改观，因为你们能听到这些年轻的组织者他们的决心，你能够看到他们在面临这个机会的时候，是有多大的决心。你还会听到群众，还有志愿者，他们上门挨家挨户的进行竞选。你也会听到我们深深的爱国情绪在针对的成员的爱国情绪，因为我们相信那些曾经为我们国家抛头颅撒洒血的军队，他们不应该在工作上遇到任何问题，这就是为什么我们要进行大选。

这并不是一件小事实，这是至关重要的事。举足轻重的事，我们国家的民主，我们3亿人民的民主的情绪可能十分复杂，可能十分混乱，每个人可能都有自己的观点，每个人都有自己深深的信仰，但是在我们经过艰难时刻的时候，当我们做出艰难的抉择时，我们很自然会有冲突，会有情感的表达。但是我认为它不应当影响我们今晚的表现，我们有的争论是民主的象征，而且我们不应当忘记在世界上很多别的国家，他们都正在为自由言论，自由讨论民主这样的权利所奋斗，所努力。

尽管我们有许多不同，我们中的大部分对美国的未来都有共同的希望，我们希望我们的孩子能够上最好的学校，接受最好的教育，我们希望整个国家能够延续我们的遗产，促进科技的发展，就业的发展和商业的发展。我们希望孩子们不是负债累累，而是面对高质量的国家，他们不会受到恐怖力量的威胁。我们希望传递安全有尊严的国家，并且受别人尊重的国家，这个国家是由最强的军事力量所定义，并且最安全定义的过程。与此同时我们也希望自己的国家，有信心，并且能够不断推动每个人的自由、繁荣和发展，我们相信美国的慷慨，美国的宽容、包容，美国的自由和开放，我们将伸开双手迎接移民的美国人民，我们会欢迎他们的子孙后代来到美国。我们相信在芝加哥任何一个孩子都可以看到他的希望，在北卡州那些想要成为科学家和医生的学生，想要成为工程师，甚至是总统的学生，这是我们共同要争取的未来，这是我们共同分享的愿景，这也是我们前进的方向。

我们有的时候会对于怎么样向前进有非常强烈的分歧，200年来，大家知道我们的进步一直不是直线的，也不是一帆风顺，我们伴随着很多分歧和不同，我们随着有很好的希望和梦想，但是很多时候我们要付出艰苦卓绝的努力才可以达到目标，我们也需要进行妥协才可以使国家前进。但是我们的共识是我们的起点，现在经济正处于复苏期间，我们的十年的战争也已经结束了，我们的竞选也已经将告尾声，不管我没有当选，我听到了你们的声音，你们使我成为最好的。

今晚，你投给的不是政治，而是我们的行动。但是因为大家，我们才能关注你们的工作，而不是我们的工作，而在未来的几个月当中，我会期待和我们两党的领导人一起来共同寻求那些我们只有共同努力才能解决的矛盾的问题，比如说我们的税法，我们的移民，我们的工作，还有我们对进口石油的依赖这些问题，我都会寻求各种解决之道。但是这不意味着你们的工作就结束了，我们所有的公民，所有的同胞们，你们不是说投了票就轻松了你们的任务就没有了，你们一定要问问自己，不是美国能为你们做什么，而是我能为美国做什么，我们要进行自我治理，自我约束，这是我们的原则，也是我们建国的理念。

我们这个国家是世界上最富有的国家，但是这并不是让我们每个人更富有，虽然我们的军队十分强大，但是我们的个人并不强大，我们的大学、我们的文化，虽然是全球最优秀的，但是却并不是说我们就是全球最优秀的。是因为我们是一个多民族的国家，多样性的国家，但是在这样多样性的国家当中我们有共同的愿景和共识，并且我们的子孙后代会给他们更多的公民和自由，我们的子女后代必将获得更多的尊严，更多的爱护和尊敬。而且相信子孙后代只有他们正直，他们爱国，辛勤劳动才会使我们的美国变得更为强大。

我今天晚上充满了希望，因为我看到我们这些美国劳动人民的精神，还看到了那些商业人士你们所做的工作，提供了很多工作机会，而且我还看到那些失业的人民得到了帮助，我看到战士们，他们再次征兵，而且我还看到战士们他们仍然守卫着我们的国家，因为他们也知道我们在支持着他们。我还看到新泽西纽约每个政党的领导人，都开始抛开他们的旗舰，来探讨怎么从桑迪中重建我们的家园。我们还看到俄亥俄州一个父亲说他有一个八岁的女儿，她的肺病使他的家庭一贫如洗，他们之前并没有得到医疗保障的保护，但是几个月之前他开始得到了医疗保险，这对他们来讲是非常好的消息。

我和这位父亲，还有他的女儿都见面了，他对于群众说，他对大家说，当他说的时候，在场所有的父母都落泪了，因为我们知道，他的女儿也可能是我们的女儿，我们都希望自己的孩子未来充满光芒，这是每个父母的希望，这是我身为总统引以为豪的。今晚尽管我们经历了这么多的困难，尽管我们经历了这么多的挫折，我对于未来却格外充满希望，我对于未来格外充满希望，对于美国格外充满希望，我希望大家延续这种希望，我这里讲的并不是盲目的乐观，指的是我们对未来的挑战，忽视未来的挑战，我也不是说的天真或者理想化的乐观的情绪，我真正的希望，不管我们遇到多少的挫折，多少的困难，只有我们内心坚定的希望，才是我们保持不断努力、不断斗争，不断勇往直前的力量来源。

奥巴马中英文演讲稿 篇6

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Thank you so much.Thank you.Thank you, General Caslen, for that introduction.General Trainor, General Clarke, faculty and staff at West Point, you have been outstanding stewards of this proud institution and outstanding mentors for the newest officers in the United States Army.美国总统奥巴马：谢谢！非常感谢！谢谢！谢谢卡斯兰将军的介绍!特雷纳将军、克拉克将军、西点军校的教职工们，你们一直以来都是这所令人自豪的学府的优秀管理者，也是美国陆军新晋军官的杰出导师。

I’d like to acknowledge the Army’s leadership--General McHugh--Secretary McHugh, General Odierno, as well as Senator Jack Reed who is here and a proud graduate of West Point himself.To the class of 2014, I congratulate you on taking your place on the Long Gray Line.我要向陆军领导层表示感谢，包括陆军部长麦克休将军以及参谋长奥迪耶诺将军，同时也要感谢到场的杰克-里德参议员，他是西点军校引以为荣的毕业生之一。2014级的毕业生们，祝贺你们承接了西点军魂的使命。

Among you is the first all-female command team: Erin Mauldin and Austen Boroff.In Calla Glavin, you have a Rhodes Scholar, and Josh Herbeck proves that West Point accuracy extends beyond the three point line.(Laughter.)在你们当中，有美国首支女子指挥团队，包括艾琳-墨登和奥斯丁-波洛夫。卡拉-格莱文展现了一位罗兹学者的风采，而乔希-赫贝克则证明了西点的精准度远在三分线之外。(笑声)

To the entire class, let me reassure you in these final hours at West Point, as commander in chief, I hereby absolve all cadets who are on restriction for minor conduct offenses.(Laughter, applause.)

全体学员们，请安心度过你们在西点的最后时光，我以最高统帅的名义在此赦免所有因犯轻罪而关禁闭的学员。(笑声、掌声)

Let me just say that nobody ever did that for me when I was in school.容我说一句，我当学生的时候，可从未有人这么做过。

I know you join me in extending a word of thanks to your families.Joe DeMoss, whose son James is graduating, spoke for a whole lot of parents when he wrote me a letter about the sacrifices you’ve made.“Deep inside,” he wrote, “we want to explode with pride at what they are committing to do in the service of our country.” Like several graduates, James is a combat veteran, and I

would ask all of us here today to stand and pay tribute not only to the veterans among us, but to the more than 2.5 million Americans who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as their families.(Applause.)

我知道，你们和我一样都要向自己的家人表示感谢。乔-狄摩斯是本届毕业生詹姆斯的父亲，他给我来信讲诉你们所作出的牺牲，也道出了许多父母的心声。他写道：“在我们的内心深处，我们为他们立志报效国家而感到无比自豪。”和多位毕业生一样，詹姆斯也是位战场老兵。我请今天在座的各位起立，向我们当中的老兵，也向250多万曾在伊拉克和阿富汗服役的美国人及其家属致敬。(掌声)It is a particularly useful time for America to reflect on those who’ve sacrificed so much for our freedom, a few days after Memorial Day.You are the first class to graduate since 9/11 who may not be sent into combat in Iraq or Afghanistan.(Cheers, applause.)

这是继数天前阵亡将士纪念日后的又一个极有意义的时刻，让美国人民得以回想那些为我们的自由作出巨大牺牲的英雄。你们将是自911恐怖袭击以来，第一届不会被派到伊拉克或阿富汗参战的毕业生。(欢呼声、掌声)

When I first spoke at West Point in 2009, we still had more than 100,000 troops in Iraq.We were preparing to surge in Afghanistan.Our counterterrorism efforts were focused on al-Qaida’s core leadership--those who had carried out the 9/11 attacks.And our nation was just beginning a long climb out of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression.2009年，我首次在西点发表演讲时，我们仍有10万多名士兵驻扎在伊拉克，也正准备增兵阿富汗。而我们的反恐重心则是基地组织的核心头目——正是他们发动了911恐怖袭击。此外，我们的国家正开始一段摆脱大萧条以来最严重经济危机的漫长历程。

Four and a half years later, as you graduate, the landscape has changed.We have removed our troops from Iraq.We are winding down our war in

Afghanistan.Al-Qaida’s leadership on the border region between Pakistan and Afghanistan has been decimated, and Osama bin Laden is no more.(Cheers, applause.)And through it all, we’ve refocused our investments in what has always been a key source of American strength: a growing economy that can provide opportunity for everybody who’s willing to work hard and take responsibility here at home.四年半以后，就在你们毕业之际，情况已发生了转变。我们已从伊拉克撤军，正逐步结束阿富汗的战争。潜伏在巴基斯坦和阿富汗边境地区的基地组织头目已被斩草除根，而奥萨马-本-拉登也早已命丧黄泉。(欢呼声、掌声)在经历了这一切之后，我们又将关注重心调整到美国实力的重要源头上来，这个源头就是不断发展的经济，为每一个愿意努力工作并愿意承担起家国责任的人提供机会。

In fact, by most measures America has rarely been stronger relative to the rest of the world.Those who argue otherwise--who suggest that America is in decline or has seen its global leadership slip away--are either misreading history or engaged in partisan politics.事实上，与世界上其他国家相比，美国在很多方面都处于强势地位。有些人持不同观点，他们认为美国正在衰弱或正失去世界的领导地位，这些人不是对历史存在误读，就是陷入了党派政治的泥潭。

Think about it.Our military has no peer.The odds of a direct threat against us by any nation are low, and do not come close to the dangers we faced during the Cold War.Meanwhile, our economy remains the most dynamic on Earth, our businesses the most innovative.Each year, we grow more energy

3independent.From Europe to Asia, we are the hub of alliances unrivaled in the history of nations.你们想一想，我们的军队天下无敌，任何国家对我们构成直接威胁的几率极小，而且与我们在冷战时期所面临的危险相差甚远。同时，我们的经济活力仍居世界第一，企业的创新性也名列前茅。我们的能源独立性都在逐年增强。从欧洲到亚洲，我们是各国有史以来无人能敌的联盟轴心。

America continues to attract striving immigrants.The values of our founding inspire leaders in parliaments and new movements in public squares around the globe.And when a typhoon hits the Philippines, or schoolgirls are kidnapped in Nigeria, or masked men occupy a building in Ukraine, it is

America that the world looks to for help.(Applause.)So the United States is and remains the one indispensable nation.That has been true for the century past, and it will be true for the century to come.美国将继续吸纳奋发图强的外国移民。我们的建国理念激励着各国议会的领导人，也激励着世界各地在公共广场上发起的新运动。当台风袭击菲律宾的时候，当尼日利亚女学生遭到绑架的时候，当蒙面歹徒攻占乌克兰政府大楼的时候，全世界都翘首以待美国的援助之手。(掌声)因此，美国始终是一个无可取代的国家，上个世纪如此，下个世纪亦是如此。

But the world is changing with accelerating speed.This presents opportunity, but also new dangers.We know all too well, after 9/11, just how technology and globalization has put power once reserved for states in the hands of individuals, raising the capacity of terrorists to do harm.但是，如今的世界瞬息万变。这为我们带来了机遇，也带来了新的危险。911恐怖袭击事件让我们清楚地认识到，科技和全球化发展是如何让原本由国家掌控的权力落入个人之手，令恐怖分子为非作歹的。

Russia’s aggression towards former Soviet states unnerves capitals in Europe while China’s economic rise and military reach worries its neighbors.4不久前，俄罗斯派兵入侵前苏联加盟共和国——乌克兰，这一军事动作牵动欧洲各国神经，与此同时，中国经济崛起及其军事走向则引发邻国担忧。

From Brazil to India, rising middle classes compete with us, and governments seek a greater say in global forums.And even as developing nations embrace democracy and market economies, 24-hour news and social media makes it impossible to ignore the continuation of sectarian conflicts, failing states and popular uprisings that might have received only passing notice a generation ago.从巴西到印度，新兴中产阶级在与我们展开竞争，此外，各国谋求在国际事务中争取更多话语权。尽管发展中国家拥护民主、认同市场经济，但全天候新闻以及社交媒体报道使得人们无法对接连发生在这些国家的派系冲突、国家衰败与民众暴动等事件视而不见。然而，这些对于上一代人而言，只能引来他们的“侧目”罢了。

It will be your generation’s task to respond to this new world.The question we face, the question each of you will face, is not whether America will lead but how we will lead, not just to secure our peace and prosperity but also extend peace and prosperity around the globe.如何能在新形势下有所作为的重担就要落在你们这一代的肩上了。摆在我们面前的问题，不是美国是否处在领导地位，而是她将如何引领各国;不只是美国能否实现繁荣发展，而是她如何能在全球范围内“播撒”和平与繁荣的“种子”，而这也是你们将来要面对的问题。

Now, this question isn’t new.At least since George Washington served as commander in chief, there have been those who warned against foreign entanglements that do not touch directly on our security or economic well-being.这个问题并非新鲜。至少，自乔治-华盛顿就任总司令——即美国爆发独立战争以来，就存在一些警告的声音，表示反对美国卷入与本国国家安全或经济福祉无直接关联的外部纷争之中。

奥巴马教育演讲的顺应性阅读 篇7

(一 ) 顺 应 论

维索尔伦的“语用综观”概念为语用学的研究提供了系统全面的视角。语用综观说认为把语用学看做是从功能方面对语言产生及使用过程的综观比把语用学看做是语言学的一个分支或是一种交叉学科研究更科学和完善。综观说将文化、社会和心理因素与语言使用结合起来研究语用学。顺应论是语用综观说的核心, 以语言的选择顺应为基本点, 通过探究人们使用语言的心理机制及语言的生成机制, 揭示语言使用的本质。顺应论的基本观点是:语言交际是一个动态的语言选择过程。语言使用者之所以能够不断做出选择是因为语言本身具有的特性:变异性、商讨性、顺应性。这一理论是一套系统完整的语用学理论, 对语用现象具有极强的包容力和解释力。因此, 借助顺应理论的完整性及综合性成功地指导阅读是可行的。

(二 ) 顺 应阅读 模 式

顺应论从动态顺应的角度分析语言的交际过程。阅读的过程是读者与篇章交际的过程, 所以顺应理论对阅读的指导意义是重大的。这种模式认为, 阅读者在进行英语阅读时, 在头脑中已知图式的基础上, 根据篇章的语言结构特点及语境特征动态地顺应篇章意图。只有这种动态的阅读才能充分理解整个语篇。语言的动态顺应性存在于语言的各个层面。正如维索尔伦指出:语言的使用是基于语言内部 (语言结构) 或外部的因素, 不断进行选择的过程。这种选择涉及各种语言形式:语音、词汇、句法、语篇及语用层面。

二、奥巴马教育演讲的顺应性阅读

本研究采用奥巴马关于教育的演讲作为语料, 从动态阅读的角度分析演讲中的顺应现象。本研究的目的是通过分析, 发现演讲者的动态顺应过程, 从而指导阅读者进行有效阅读。

(一 ) 音 素 层 面 的 顺 应阅读

音素是英语的基本语言单位。正确地使用音素会引起某些声音模式, 达到强烈的情感效果。例如:

I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to gto college and law school and follow my dreams.

在奥巴马的这篇演讲中, 他运用了很多音素层面的策略因为这篇演讲的听众是小学、初中及高中学生, 演讲者运用这些音素策略主要是为吸引孩子的注意力, 使他们对演讲感兴趣。

(二 ) 词汇 层 面 的 顺 应阅读

作为语言系统的一个重要层次, 词汇在表达人的思想及认知方面具有重要作用。在演讲中, 奥巴马运用了很多词汇策略顺应交际的语境。例如:

You hear about the recession that we’ve been through.Ansometimes maybe you’re seeing the worries in your parents’ face or sense it in their voice.

上例中, “recession”指的是金融危机, “worries”指的是对于金融危机的担心。2008年, 金融危机影响了整个美国, 许多人面临失业, 很多大学毕业生没有工作, 所以奥巴马运用了很多隐喻的词汇, 避免提到金融危机产生的负面影响。

(三 ) 句 法 层 面 的 顺 应阅读

句法是语用信息的承载者, 然而简单地把各种句子结构罗列, 并不能有效表达作者的思想。演讲者运用合适的句法结构, 才能使演讲有意义, 有吸引力。例如:

Maybe you could be a great writer— ——maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper———but you mighnot know it until you write that English paper— ——that Englishclass paper that’s assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor— ——maybe even good enough to come up withthe next i Phone or the new medicine or vaccine— ——but you mighnot know it until you do your project for your science class.Maybeyou could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice— ——but you might not know that until you join student government othe debate team.

上例中, 演讲者运用了一系列排比句, 目的是表达自己强烈的感情、突出强调的内容并吸引学生的注意。

(四 ) 语 篇 层 面 的 顺 应阅读

每一语篇都有具体的语境, 语篇的存在和具体的语言形式是分不开的。因此, 作者借用各种语言形式顺应交际语境。在教育演讲中, 奥巴马运用了各种主位推进模式、逻辑连接词及疑问句等语篇层面的交际策略。例如:

When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn’t have the moneyto send me where all the American kids went to school, but shethought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Mondaythrough Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only timeshe could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.

三、结语

通过分析, 我们得出作者或演讲者为了达到预期的交际目的, 会借助一定的语言结构, 这种选择存在语言的任何层面。通过语言的选择, 作者不断顺应听众或读者的需要, 这些需要指的是物理环境、社会规约及心理追求等。一个成功的读者或听众, 不仅要明白语料的字面含义, 更重要的是要运用动态顺应模式, 综合考虑心理、社会、文化因素, 在语境中挖掘语篇的深层意义, 综合理解语篇。

摘要：阅读是人们通过语篇了解外部世界并且获得信息的一种重要方式。在以往的研究中, 阅读往往被限制为一种识别、解码信息的过程。然而, 有效阅读并不是一个这样简单的过程, 不但涉及读者, 作者及语篇语境的作用也很重要。本研究以奥巴马关于教育的演讲为语料, 从动态阅读的角度分析演讲中的顺应现象, 指导阅读者进行有效阅读。

关键词：顺应阅读模式,奥巴马教育演讲,顺应论

参考文献

[2]黄国文.功能语言学的理论与应用[M].高等教育出版社, 2005.

[3]冉永平.语用学:现象与分析.北京:北京大学出版社, 2006.

奥巴马就职演讲文稿词汇特征分析 篇8

关键词：奥巴马就职演讲   词汇特征   分析

总统就职演讲是一种具有代表性的公众演讲形式，每一位总统都要在自己的就职演说中宣布施政纲领和预期目标，以及说服公众支持并接受自己的观点，所以总统演讲在目的、对象、内容等方面具有书面语和口语的特点，极具号召力和感染力。

本文选取奥巴马在2009年和2013年的两篇就职演讲文稿为研究对象，从词长和词汇密度方面着手，对演讲稿进行了对比分析，总结出英语公众演讲的特点，以帮助学生更好地理解公众演讲这一文体，提高学生的英语学习能力和综合表达能力。

一、研究方法

本文的研究语料是2009年和2013年奥巴马的就职演讲文稿，它们分别有2286字和614字。通过利用语料库文本分析工具Wordsmith 6.0，笔者分析了这两篇演讲文稿的词长和词汇密度，以帮助学生更好地掌握公众演讲的特点。

二、研究结论与讨论

1.词长分析

据统计显示，2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的单词平均词长（4.44）小于2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿单词平均词长（4.66）。平均词长是指语料库中单词所包含字母的平均数，平均词长越长，说明文本中使用的长词越多，阅读难度相对越大。因此，2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿与2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿相比，词汇相对简易，文本更加浅显易懂。

在英语中6个字母以上的词，通常被称为大词，使用大词可以使演讲显得庄严、正式，相应地也增加了词汇难度，所以大词频繁使用于公众演讲中，而较少出现在其他文体中。如图1，在这两篇就职演讲文稿中，2009年奥巴马演讲文稿中大词的使用率小于2013年演讲文稿，这说明奥巴马在2013年的就职演讲中更多地使用了大词，从而相对地增加了读者和听众阅读演讲稿的难度。

2.词汇密度分析

在语料库语言学中，类符/形符比通常被用来衡量文本中的词汇密度，词汇密度反映的是句中实词所占的比例。在句中，实词传递着大部分信息，所以如果一句话的词汇密度越大，则句中的实词越多，句子负荷的信息量也越大;反之，信息量就越少。所以说，在语篇中的词汇密度越大，其承载的信息量就越大。如表1所示：

表1 两篇演讲稿词汇密度对比

形符（个） 类符（个） 形符/类符比（%）

2009年 2286 889 37.27

2013年 614 309 50.41

尽管2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿中的字数较多，但是通过对比2009年和2013年就职演讲文稿的形符/类符比，我们可以发现2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的词汇密度大于2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿词汇密度，这就进一步说明2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的信息量较大，理解难度相对较高。

三、结语

本文从演讲稿文本词汇难度的角度出发，通过分析2009年和2013年的奥巴马总统就职演说文稿，发现2009年就职演讲的总文稿相对浅显易读，更加注重听众的感受以及他们的反应。因此，公众演讲作为一种独特的文体，虽然具有书面语和口语的特征，但口语特征更加明显。了解英语公众演讲的特点，有助于学生更好地学习英语，提高他们英语实际运用能力和综合素质。

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