仁爱八上英语语法总结

仁爱八上英语语法总结（精选2篇）

仁爱八上英语语法总结 篇1

Unit 4 Our World

Topic1 we share the world with plants and animals 一.重点词语

share…with 与……共享

play with 玩弄，玩耍

in danger 在危险之中 feed on 以……为食

think about 考虑，思考

enjoy nature 享受自然 at night 晚上

in the daytime 白天

summer vacation 暑假

thousands of 成千上万

in fact 事实上

find out 查明，发现

in nature 在自然界 二.重点句型

１.Ｐlants are more beautiful than animals.植物比动物更漂亮。

２.The plants stay green longer there.那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。３.The rainforests are very important to us.（热带）雨林对我们很重要。

４.Water is necessary for all plants.It is the most important thing to all living things,we must save every drop of water.５.Isn’t it interesting？ 是不是很有趣呀？

６.It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world.它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。７.It is so strange！太奇怪了！三.语法学习

（一.）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 １.规则变化；２.不规则变化

（二.）形容词的比较级和最高级的用法

１.比较级Ａ＜Ｂ或Ａ＞Ｂ，经常与than搭配，可用much和a little修饰． ２.三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围．如：of（in）＋…。(1)例句：①I’m happier than you.我比你更快乐。

②Plants are much more beautiful than animals.植物比动物漂亮的多。

(２)例句：①The boy is the tallest in my class.这个男孩是我们班最高的。

②Lesson Two is the most important of all.第二课是所有中最重要的。

四.交际用语：学习如何用英语描述和谈论我们生存的自然环境 Topic 2 What can robots do for us? 一.重点词语

1.take the place of 代替，取代

2.instead of 代替，而不是……

3.mistake…for…把……错当

4.seem to do 好象，似乎

5.call for 要求 6.wake sb.up 将某人叫醒

7.see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事

8.use sth.for sth./doing sth.利用某物做某事

9.spend…on… 在……上花费时间或金钱

10.be sure of 确信

11.these days 现在，目前

12.in alphabetical order 按字母表顺序排列 13.look up 查阅

14.pay attention to 注意，专心

15.begin with 以……开始

16.and son on 等等

17.switch on 开（电灯，机器等）18.ask（sb.）for sth.向……要…… 二．重点句型

1.I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans.2.I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday.3.It looked like a plate.它看上去像一个盘子。

4.Until now,even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO.5.We can shop without going out of our houses.我们不出家门就能购物。6.We can use the Internet for finding a job.我们可以用网络来找工作。

7.We shouldn’t spend too much time on it.但是我们不应该在因特网上面花费太多的时间。8.When you look up a word in the dictionary,pay attention to the first letter of the word.三.语法学习

（一.）现在进行时与过去进行时的区别：

１.现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构be＋现在分词。如：

肯定句：The robots are making a car now.这些机器人正在生产小汽车。否定句：We are not studying on the Internet.我们没有在互联网上学习。疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？ 特殊疑问句：Ｗho am I talking to？我在和谁谈话？

２.过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构was（were）＋现在分词。

肯定句：Ｗhen he came in,I was writing a letter.当他进来时，我在写一封信。

否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading.她读书时，他们没在看电视。疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night ?昨晚８点UFO向我们飞来了吗？ 特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping? 进行时态往往用在时间状语从句中，常与when,while等连词搭配。

（二.）be sure结构表示肯定和不肯定。be sure一般用来表示肯定，be not sure（whether/if）表示不肯定。be sure后面可以跟不定式和宾语从句。跟不定式一般译为“一定……”，跟宾语从句，译为“确信……”。

如：We are sure to repair the TV well.我们一定修好这台电视机。

I’m sure you can finish your work.我确信你能完成你的工作。Are you sure whether（if）he switched the computer on? 四.交际用语：学习用英语谈论现代科技。

Topic 3 There are many old city walls in Beijing,aren’t there? 一.重点词语

1.more than 超过

2.pull down 推倒，拆毁

3.heavy traffic 交通繁忙 4.wear out 磨损，用坏

5.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 6.do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力

7.live models 真人模型 8.the ancient world 古代

9.be made up of 由……组成

10.join…together 把……连在一起

11.regard…as… 把……看作

12.be worn out 被损坏 二.重点句型

1.Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s.他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。2.People thought them useless.人们认为它们没有用。3.It’s really too bad.这太遗憾了。

4.We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls.5.It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing.6.It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it.修建它花了10万人二十多年的时间。7.Since then,people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation.8.Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall.三.语法学习

反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问句。实质是前面陈述句的反问句。

一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。如：

There are many pyramids in Egypt,aren’t there?在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？

Sally visited the Great Wall last month,didn’t she?萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？

He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he?

特例点拨：①I’m your good friend,aren’t I?我是你的好朋友，不是吗？I don’t think you can rebuild the house,can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。②陈述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is nothing in the room,is there?屋子里什么也没有，是吗？

Maria never surports me,does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？

He had few apples,did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？ ③祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you?如：

Please close the door,will you?请关门好吗？

Don’t tear down the old walls,will you?不要拆毁古墙，好吗？

但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?如：

let’s make a survey,shall we?我们做个调查，好吗？ 四.交际用语：学习用英语描述和谈论中外名胜古迹。

仁爱八上英语语法总结 篇2

【关键词】 倒装；全部倒装；部分倒装

在英语中，有时为了强调句子某一部分，或适应一定的语法结构的需要，把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，就构成倒装。我们平时遇到的句子基本都是自然语序，如：主语 + 谓语；主语 + 谓语 + 宾语；主语 + 系动词 + 表语。

采用倒装的目的有两点：

1. 语法结构的需要：疑问句、there be 结构等通常要用倒装句。

There is a pen and three pencils in the box

What are you doing here？

2.修辞的需要：倒装句可以起强调作用，加强语气。

Away went the football fans.

而根据倒装的构成，可将其分为全部倒装和部分倒装。

一、全部倒装（Full Inversion）

全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1.以here， there， out， in， up， down， off， away等方位副词和now， then，thus等副词置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come， go， be， lie， run， rush等。

Here comes the bus Down fall the leaves

There goes the bell Away went the boy

Attention：当主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装。E.g.：

Away he went Out they rushed

Here it is Here you are

2. 当表示地点的介词短语在句首时。

At the foot of the hill lies a small village.

By the side of the road is our school.

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______， one of the ten largest cities in China. （2010年重庆卷，33）

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

3.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常用全部倒装。

“Perfect，” said the teacher.

“Get out，” shouted the manager.

二、部分倒装（Partial Inversion）

就是谓语的一部分， be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，如is / am / are / was / were，do / does / did / have/ has / had，can / could / would / may / will / might 等。

1. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时， 要进行部分倒装，e.g.：

Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

Only in this way can you learn English well.

Only when I got home did I hear of the news.

Attention： only修饰主语或only+状语放在句末时，仍用自然语序，而不用倒装。e.g.

Only Li Hua knows the secret.

You can learn English well only in this way.

Only then ____ how much damage had been caused.（2006 陕西，16）

A.had she realized B. she realized

C. did she realize D. she had realized

2. 表示否定的副词never ， not， seldom， hardly， little， nowhere等以及介词短语by no means， in no way， in no case， at no time， on no account， ， on no condition， under no circumstances（这七个短语均表示“无论如何都不，绝不”，其后不能再出现否定词）等位于句首时。

I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress. （2006年重庆卷，24）

A.the teacher is not satisfied

B. is the teacher not satisfied

C.the teacher is satisfied

D. is the teacher satisfied

3. not until+时间状语（从句）位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back.

→Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework.

→It was not until his mother came back that he finished his homework.

4.在 hardly / scarcely /…when…； no sooner…than 的倒装句中，前倒后不倒。

hardly / scarecly / no sooner后句子的谓语用had done， when / than后句子的谓语用一般过去时，结构为：Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when sb did sth； No sooner had had sb done sth than sb did sth.

（1） Hardly had I fallen asleep when he came in.

（2） No sooner had I reached the station than the train moved.

5. 以关联连词not only...but also…开首的句子前倒后不倒。

Not only did he say so， but （also） he did so.

Attention ：当连接主语时不倒装，谓语动词依据就近一致原则。

Not only he but also his parents like reading.

三、其他特殊的倒装结构

1. 祝愿语

May you succeed！

Long live the People’s Republic of China！

2. However / No matter how + adj / adv.

However difficult the question was， Jack answered it easily.

3. as/ though （虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他。

Although I was tired， I decided to walk on.

→Tired as I was， I decided to walk on.

Though he is a child， he knows a lot.

→Child as he is， he knows a lot.

Although I may fail， I have to work hard.

→Fail as I may， I have to work hard.

Even though he shouted angrily， I didn’t care.

→Angrily as he shouted， I didn’t care.

Attention：从句的表语是名词时，名词前不加任何冠词； though后面的让步状语从句可倒可不倒。

_______， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. [2007 重庆]

A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound

简要总结：1.全部倒装主要用在以方位副词或地点状语开头的句子中，而部分倒装主要用在否定副词和以下句型中，So / Such…that…；Not only…but also…； Hardly / Scarcely …when…； No sooner…than…（以上句型中前倒后不倒），Not until+状语；Only+状语（而这两个句型中前不倒后倒）。

2. 主语为人称代词时不倒装是针对全部倒装而言的。

3. as引导的让步状语从句和其他的特殊结构既不属于全部倒装，也不属于部分倒装。