青春期的高考话题作文

2024-07-09

青春期的高考话题作文(共8篇)

青春期的高考话题作文 篇1

像花蕾一样被包裹着,不受风雨的摧残;像幼虫般脆弱,一击就跨;像春天般美好,却不像春天一样去了又回,她过去了,就永远回不来了;像初升的太阳有着耀人的光芒,可却是那么的短暂。子在川上曰,逝者如斯夫。

青春期,一个有着鲁莽又心灵纯洁的时期。看不清世界的好坏,向前冲,却埋在了深渊;慢慢走,又与世界落伍了。最后,经历风雨总会见彩虹。世间诱惑太多,我们心理还太幼稚。别人几句话的诱惑,几件物的野心,就这样埋葬了自己的人生。骗别人,说白了,是自欺欺人。人生无方向,就想着前面,新生事物的无法抗拒。人生在世不称意,没有做不到的事,没有想不到的事。坚强不息也并不是凭空而造,更不是唾手可得。生命的流程对人总是公平的,时间一词对别人是多么的平凡,可对青春期,似在滴血。挫折中,会找到属于自己的灵魂归宿。

青春期有自由的天地。大人都说青春期是一个美妙的旅程,他会载着梦想起飞,达到胜利的彼岸。可他们明白我们的心理吗?像被牵引的风筝。一味地说学习,总表露出老者的身份,却又是那么地另我们不服。很想对他们说,时代在进步世界在发展,旧一代思想已经被淘汰。可依然在步后尘;学习,小学,初中,高中,大学,像大雁在广阔的天空中无止尽地飞翔。我们的青春期就这样和我们插身而过了。事实,青春期不做这些又能做哪些?总想叛逆,总想逃避,慢慢地将青春消耗。耗尽之时呢?后面更长的成年期呢?无一技之长的你如何在当今复杂社会上立足?这时的你,会后悔那青春期的逍遥?会恨自己的青少无知?记忆也浅淡了,一切的风花雪月也只能让他烟消云散。曾今,已过去;曾今,已成悔恨。

青春期是有傲气的。以自我为中心,不去理会别人的目光勇往直前。当你胜利了,青春的生命线就有了一点光芒,你或许会自大,会收到别人的赞扬,会因自命清高而失去自我吗?把一次小成功当做永恒,却如是一场清梦。梦总有清醒的一天,现实是残酷的,人世的冷嘲热讽流露出人是那么虚伪的动物。像时间转变一样的心,想暴风雨一样的变幻莫测。大人们羡慕青春期,他们永远做不到的事,达不到的目的,只有青春期的人,才有机会去实现。他们已为所失去的青春而后悔了,就把一切希望生机都寄托在我们。未来感觉好渺茫,我们懵懂的走着。知识的渗透,是我们一条能理解的途径,莫让年华付水流。

我们要爱青春期。爱,是人生的火焰,拥有爱,人们才会幸福。因此,我们要去学会爱,爱青春期的烦恼,压力,这样才能产生动力;爱青春期的流逝,这才能让我们更倍感珍惜;爱青春期的光芒,她会照亮你前进的方向。

青春期的期限。瞬间?永恒?完全主宰这一切的是你自己。那些以为地埋怨时间流失飞快的人,是在掩饰你内心的悲伤么?那些在浪费着宝贵时间的人,你们真的快乐么?那些刻苦钻研的人,你们充实么?不管你在乎还是不再乎,她依然在消逝。她是一个冷血而无情的动物,它不感受世间的冷暖,它不懂什么是爱,就算哪天世界上没有人类的存在,她一眼履行着责任,不停地运转,永不停息。

啊!青春期,为什么我们永远也猜不透你,即使你呈现在我们面前,我们也还是不能理解你;你是那么的`高深莫测,使我们抓不住你。世间万物,都有它自身的规律。不管怎样。让我们肩并肩,手拉手攀登在人生的最高峰,让成长告诉我们答案吧!

青春期的高考话题作文 篇2

长期以来, 高考生命化取向一直是社会关注的热点。高考作文从1999年“假如记忆可以移植”之后的话题设置, 吹响了高考生命化的号角, 于是, 以生命为取向的话题作文开始登上高考的舞台。

二高考作文对生命本质的解读

古今中外的哲学家们一直思考的一个问题就是生命的含义。其实这不只是哲学家的事情, 也是每个有思想的生命个体的权利。对生命解读的深刻与否会影响到人生轨迹的好坏。而作为我国未来发展希望的青少年, 他们的人生态度就显得更为重要, 因为他们的价值取向和人生取向, 将会影响到我国未来社会的主流群体。所以, 对于高考学生来讲, 高考话题作文生命化的取向有其必要性。如2005年高考中的一个话题作文是《位置与价值》。文题的主要角度就在人生与价值上。从生命学的角度上解释, 价值有正价值和负价值, 是一个中性概念, 而人生是有限的, 怎么在有限的生命中创造出更有价值的东西, 就是我们所要探讨的问题。所谓“位置创造价值, 价值决定位置”。因此, 正面的价值可以提高个人的位置;相反, 负面的价值则降低位置。话题作文站在思辨的角度上, 让学生对生命作出阐释。

三高考作文对生命的反思和领悟

最早引起对生命的反思和领悟的高考作文是2002年全国卷中的话题作文《心灵的选择》。因此可以看出这个话题的重心指向心灵, 暗含了对生命的反思。对于心灵来讲, 所有的选择都是在经过自己的思考之后得到的结果。之后, 全国的高考作文话题就开始大举进行对生命的反思和领悟。例如, 2004年的话题作文《遭遇挫折和放大痛苦》以及2011年的江苏高考作文题目为《人和平庸》。这个题目就是让我们思考生命, 领悟生命, 对自己的人生作出一个反思。又如, 2005年的天津高考作文《留给明天》, 这个题目不仅有诗意, 而且“留给”这个词给了我们一种生命的启示, 是一种对生命的仰望和主动, 同时, 也让我们领悟到了生命的厚度。

四高考话题作文话题的生命化取向的相关启示

近年来, 以生命学角度立意的高考作文已成为一种趋势, 从中可隐约地领悟到了生命的含义。

1. 高考话题作文的话题生命化取向对语言课程改革的启示

一个优秀的语文教育工作者, 要将语文逐渐引领到生命和人性的道路上。尤其是在当前我国课程进行整改之后, 语文教育事业更是面临着巨大的挑战。语文教育工作者必须肩负起这个重担, 引导学生写作方向要回归生命, 释放年轻人的自由天性, 让学生自觉主动地去进行创作。同时, 教师在平常教育的过程中, 要鼓励学生写作一些贴近生命真谛的题目, 让学生在学习和写作的过程中, 能够体会到生命的重要及其意义, 让学生能够热爱生命, 珍惜生命, 这才是高考话题作文话题的生命化取向的意义所在。

另外, 教育可以使人的生命回归, 促进了人与人之间思想和灵魂的交流。生命的本质和含义必须要以文化的方式呈现出来, 才能启迪年轻一代对生命的理解。同时, 生命作为教育的特质, 在教学过程中, 教师必须让学生充分认识到生命的真正意义。

2. 高考话题作文的话题生命化取向对语文写作教学的启示

高考话题作文的话题生命化取向让我们意识到, 教师在教习学生写作的同时, 要注意以下原则性问题: (1) 体现其开放性原则。所谓开放性就是要求学生在写作时可以自由地表达自己的思想和情感。学生在自由抒写的基础上, 引起学生对写作的兴趣, 从而进行创新发挥。 (2) 要构成系统性原则。也就是说学生在写作过程中, 思维创作要有系统性, 使得学生的整体思维和专项思维可以相得益彰。教师和学生相结合, 从而形成一个立体性写作系统。 (3) 有针对性原则。有针对性的作文训练可以指导生命个体和生命群体的生命质量的提升。 (4) 体验性原则。所谓体验就是对自己原始生命潜能的激发, 是学生求知欲和创造欲的前提条件, 是对生命的一种自我召唤, 在体验过程中, 可以体现生命价值。

3. 高考话题作文的话题生命化取向对2012年作文命题取向的启示

通过以上的分析和了解可以发现, 在注重学生理性思维的辩解时, 也必须重视教育的成果, 让学生不仅回归生命, 还要回归教学目标。所以, 对于2012年的高考命题倾向要坚持回归生命, 稳中求变, 唤醒人们心中的生命意识, 强调作文题材的“绿色化”, 要注重打破传统的命题形式, 对高考作文在内容、要求以及题材上都做进一步的改革;还要重视材料作文的指导和训练。作文的评价要注重卷面的细节之处, 评卷者要尊重学生自己的个性, 理解学生的多元化立意。

五结束语

总之, 高考话题作文的话题要注重生命哲学的渗透和探究, 要对正处于青春期的学生能够有一个正确的引导, 消除他们心中的困惑, 树立他们正确的人生观和价值观, 这就是高考话题作文的话题生命化取向的重要意义和影响。

参考文献

[1]吕世虎.新课程与教学研究[M].上海:上海教育出版社, 2010[1]吕世虎.新课程与教学研究[M].上海:上海教育出版社, 2010

[2]李泽厚.中国美学史[M].南宁:广西教育出版社, 2011[2]李泽厚.中国美学史[M].南宁:广西教育出版社, 2011

话题作文“青春”导写 篇3

青春是一首甜美的歌,她拨动着我们年轻的心弦;青春是一团激情的火,她点燃了我们沸腾的热血;青春是一面鲜艳的旗,她指引着我们前进的方向;青春是一本教科书,她启迪着我们的智慧和心灵。青春是美的,青春是最具活力,也最具有创造力的,由此可以联想到名人、伟人甚至普通人“风华正茂,挥斥方遒,指点江山,激扬文字”的青春风采,也可以联想到那些错过了青春的人,与父母的“叛逆”行为,需要正确导航。可以写自己的经历,可以写自己的所见,也可以写自己的所感。可以写作记叙文,写青春时期的追梦过程;也可以写作散文,讴歌青春美丽;写作议论文,如何抓住美好的时光,为社会奉献青春年华。(作文题详见本刊第11期第19页)

[思路点拨]

1. 叙写名人、伟人的青春故事、峥嵘岁月、职业选择等,展现青春风采。如毛泽东的青年时代指点江山的豪迈气概;马克思青年时期对职业选择的思考;诗人食指在特殊的疯狂的年代,坚定人生信念,相信未来。

2. 对青春的理性思考。抒写青春的健康的体魄,旺盛的精力,聪明的才智和无私的奉献;表现青春对胜利的执著,对自己无比的自信,以及不懈的努力精神;剖析青春的轻狂和浅薄。

3. 激情讴歌青春。青春,如一帘飞瀑,在那无悔的奔流间体味生命成熟之初最纯美的色质。青春,像一个花仙子的约会,走进去,是一个活生生的世界,走回来染一身不掺假的灵气。青春,没有大江大河冷静的深沉,不似老年人哲人般的理智,不像长篇巨著般的复杂,不会有夕阳古道的萧条,不会有晓风残月的凄凉。青春,就是那么洒洒脱脱,清清纯纯,活活泼泼。

4. 人生之中,少不了面对各种无法逆转的打击,也许就在青春时期花开的时节。不必气馁,不必哀怨,一样尽情地花开,只有这样,才不会遗憾。鼓起所有的勇气与力量,活出自己的意义。

5. 以“花只开在春天”串联起陶潜、李白、苏东坡等失意文人的逸事,他们在各自的青春季节里尽情开花,他们的人生同样如此精彩缤纷。

6. 心理学研究表明,十六七岁这个年龄的孩子充满了独立的意识和反叛的渴望,在这样的年龄,人变得非常自尊和敏感,对父母的教育有时表现出强烈的反感和不以为然,好幻想,喜欢冲动,对一切事物充满了好奇。父母如何与这个阶段的孩子沟通,怎样让这个阶段的孩子有个积极、健康向上的心智?以书信的形式或与子女谈心的方式,平等地对话,理解消除两代人之间的“代沟”。

7. 学会规划人生。十六七岁是编织梦想、播种希望的季节。美国作家杰西·斯图尔特感慨,过了17岁,将再也不会有这样的奇思妙想;张洁也说,我知道,人要是能够期待,就能够奋力以赴。在这个花样的年龄,我们向青春举杯,吟诵青春,体悟人生,也应尝试规划人生,设计未来人生的方向。

[佳作欣赏]

花开不只在春天

江苏省姜堰二中王呈晨

你曾写下“从明天开始,劈柴喂马,周游世界”,让每一个年轻人对生活充满了希望;你曾经说,你有一所房子,面朝大海,春暖花开,然而在一个又一个春暖花开的日子里,你又在哪里?当你以永诀的伤痛告别了这个的确灰暗的世界,当你将你高贵的头放在山海关冰凉的钢轨上,亲爱的海子先生,你有没有想过,其实花开不只在春天。

那段日子的确是你生活中最黑暗的日子。一段刻骨铭心的爱情让你对昔日的恋人不能忘怀,精神上的痛苦日益折磨着你的身心,腐蚀着你年轻的生命。饱受相思之苦的你又遭受了事业的打击,一下子命运将你冲到了春季的彼岸,你的生命一下子来到了冰天雪地的冬天。

你苦笑着,悲凉地咏出那句脍炙人口的名句:“面朝大海,春暖花开。”然后卧轨自尽。一代奇才的灵魂便只能悲哀地看着彼岸春天的繁花了。

但是先生,你转转身,转一转你那瘦削的身子,你又是否看到,在漫天飞舞的雪花里,那如凝脂般冰清玉洁的梅花正手执冰凌披着风雪傲然挺立?你一直追寻着你心目中的理想国,你精神上的乌托邦,然而那些如红帆一样遥不可及的柏拉图式的理想的精神世界又怎是常人所能企及。精神追求的落空残害着你的心,你固执的守着那些春暖花开的梦想等待着你生命的极致。然而春天的久候不至却让你精神崩溃,在那一瞬间,你怎么没有想到,在那天寒地冻的日子,那些挥毫着生命尽情展示着生命刚强的花儿难道就不是一种生命的极致吗?花开不只在春天,在冬天里,花神照样眷顾人间,而在那生命的寒冬里,我们的天才诗人,你怎么就不能做一朵绽放的花儿呢?

你只是愤恨着这个世界,连笔下零星闪现的希望也只不过是一时对生的渴望,你一直在选择逃避,那又为何不做一朵梅花,向世界展示着你铁骨铮铮的男儿情怀?为何不学会傲对风雪,向世人展示你的血气方刚?你终究走不出桎梏,因为你终究未能明白,花开不只在春天。

愿你的灵魂在那暗香无度的梅花丛中安息。愿你在来日明白:花开不只在春天。

青春期的高考话题作文 篇4

青春,人人都有自己的青春。如果问你青春是什么,你怎样回答?

你或许说,青春是无言的歌。那一个个跳动的音符合着心跳的节拍,奏出生命的辉煌乐章。

你或许会说,青春是醇香的酒。存放的时间越久,香味就越浓郁。闲暇时斟上,细细品味,未饮先醉。

你或许会说,青春是妩媚的鲜花。春风中绽放出万紫千红,争奇斗妍,点缀出别样景致,让蝶儿陶醉。

曾经拥有过青春的我,则要说,青春是灿烂的朝霞。可以说它是鲜红的,热情似火;可以说它是碧绿的,生机勃勃;可以说它是雪白的,纯洁烂漫;也可以说是金黄的,璀璨辉煌。旭日东升,云蒸霞蔚。长空为之赞叹,大地为之震撼。

青春,人生旅程中绚丽多彩的时光。

青春,一生只有一次,只有真正地把握住它才有幸福,才有前途。古语有云:“青春须早为,岂能长少年。”我们要爱惜自己的青春,世界上再没有比青春更美好的了,再没有比青春更珍贵的了。

青春真好

青春,一个说长不长,说短不短的时期,青春,是一个人一生中最最重要的时期,青春,一去不复返,青春真好。

早上,奶奶晨练回来,我赶忙给奶奶问好,可奶奶却好像没听见似的,径直走向厨房忙她的去了,我便去问妈妈:“妈妈,为什么我向奶奶打招呼,奶奶却像没听到似的,不理我啊?”妈妈说:“奶奶年纪大了,听力下降了,有些不太大的声音听得不是很清楚,

等到你像奶奶这么大年纪了,你也会这样的。”

哦,原来年纪大了,人的听力就会下降啊。啊,青春真好!

中午,爷爷拿着一个放大镜看报纸,我从旁边走过,便问爷爷:“爷爷,您为什么要用放大镜看报纸啊?难道不用放大镜就看不到吗?为什么我不需要放大镜呢?”爷爷笑着说道:“老喽,眼睛不好使喽,你还是个孩子,

当然不需要用放大镜啦。”

哦,原来人老了之后,人的眼睛就会不好使啊。啊,青春真好!

晚饭后,我一边嚼着豌豆,一边看着《骆驼祥子》,爸爸从厨房走出来,我说:“爸爸,来点吗?”爸爸说:“不了,你吃吧,我还有事呢。”我疑惑的问:“多好吃啊,为什么不吃点呢?”爸爸回答道:“牙齿不行了,咬不动了,太硬的东西咬起来疼。”

哦,原来人到中年,人的牙齿就会不行啊。啊,青春真好!

啊,青春真好!可惜青春一去不复返。让我在我的听力还未下降时,多听一些好的话语;让我在我的眼睛还好使时,多看一些有益的内容;让我在我的牙齿还好用时,多吃一些可口的东西。

啊,青春真好,让我把握青春的每一天。

我的青春走走停停

我的12岁,既不是像风一样的掠过,也不是像潺潺流水一样缓慢,而是像鸟一样盘旋,再掠过,再盘旋再掠过……一路走走停停。

进入初中的我,变了,变得那么得多愁善感。有时一个人在夜里仰望夜空,忽然觉得自己是那么的孤单,表面上看来我的确很快乐,可谁又知道我内心的寂寞与惆怅呢?看着小学的同学一个个远去,就算见面也形同陌路,我的心隐隐作痛。

站在夕阳下,看着那一轮红日慢慢的坠落,我的眼前出现了仙剑中李逍遥一个人走在小道上,夕阳把他的影子拉的老长老长。突然一种伤感涌上心头,原来孤单的人也不只我一个。

青春的中考话题作文 篇5

谈及青春,论及梦想,总是不乏或大或小的鸡血口号充斥着早已酷热难耐的耳道。

仿若那本应斑驳陆离的青春却少了一丢丢应有的独特,一遍遍地统一着色后便投入到这洪流之中,随波逐流,不见踪影。

“人最宝贵的是生命,生命属于人只有一次,一个人的一生应该是这样度过,当他回首往事的时候,他不会因为虚度年华而悔恨,也不会因为碌碌无为而羞愧。”黄昏后,讲堂上,支部老铁目视远方,激情满满的说道。

仍记得中学时代笔袋上刻着歪歪扭扭的“青春没有失败”一行字,时刻提醒自己在被挫折与磨难击溃之前不要放弃,行间字里闪烁着充满希望的耀眼光芒。

青春之所以没有失败,就在于我们可以在每一次失败的绝望中凤凰涅槃,重新开始。青春通往梦想的道路本就是布满坎坷与荆棘,若没有重重丝茧,何来羽翅成蝶;若没有万丈龙门,何来锦鲤鱼跃。若是一丝薄缕阻止了你飞向蓝天的冲动,若是一丈跃差使你回归黄河,梦想从此灰飞烟灭,生活从此平淡乏味,岂不可惜,岂不可叹?百舸争流,千帆竞渡,心中有光芒,脚下有力量,不负韶华,炽热追梦。

此辈不悔入华夏,来世还生种花家。时过境迁,国强民安,身处时代的浪潮,愿我们青年都能够摆脱冷气,勇敢向前,摒弃自暴自弃自卑自负之影响。踏踏实实工作,勇敢表达自己心中的想法,发光发热,犹如点燃的火柴一般,纵然前方道路的黑暗中只有些许弱光,也不必等候炬火。如若此后没有炬火,你我青年便是这光,燃烧自己,照亮前行的路。

青春的初中话题作文 篇6

成年?多么沉重的词语,阳光般的面容上有一丝惊惧,是的,十八岁意味着我们可以脱离父母的羽翼自由的翱翔了,这是多么容易而又困难的。习惯了父母保护的我们看到广阔的天空,仍有一丝眷恋与不舍,十八岁,意味着我们要承担起责任了,不能再任性,顽皮的像个孩子,必须换一种方式严肃的思考问题了,要对自己做过的每件事认真负责起来,十八岁意味着我们已经脱去孩子般的童稚,可以为国家建设添砖加瓦了。十八岁的我们要承担的太多太多,改变的太多。一时反而有些不适应。

十八岁,也饱含兴奋与期待,小时候经常会想:什么时候才能长大呢?什么时候才可以摆脱缚束做自己想做的事情呢?那个时候是多么的期待呀!仿佛在昨日仍懵懂的幻想自己美好的未来,转眼却已十八岁了,变成了小时候羡慕的大哥哥大姐姐的摸样。嘻嘻哈哈的对身边的同伴说:“我已经不是那个小屁孩啦!咱长大啦~”未来有许多未知的事物等待我们去发掘去创造,当然也有许多未知的困难在等着我们,但这对于十八岁洋溢着青春光芒的我们来说何尝不是一种刺激与挑战呢?自己亲手解决困难后的那种愉悦心情是难以比拟的,或许只有在那个时候才能体味十八岁的甜蜜与辛酸吧?十八岁,人生最美好的季节,也是事业腾飞的季节,面对一年后的高考,紧张却又期待着,信心满满在心中刻下理想。

青春期的高考话题作文 篇7

1. 热点话题探究

教育部制订并颁布的《英语课程标准》明确规定“英语教材应渗透思想品德教育, 应有利于学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观”。从近几年高考英语阅读题来看, 带有明显价值取向引导类的文章, 尤其是以公益、爱心、慈善为话题的文章在高考阅读中的数量逐年增多。可见以此为素材考查考生阅读理解能力已经成为高考设题的趋势。

2. 解题方法指导

关于公益、爱心、慈善的阅读理解往往体现在人生经历类阅读文章中。这类文章以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线, 脉络清楚, 可读性较强。命题往往从故事情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手, 考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。因此, 考生阅读这类文章应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息, 即主人公在某个时间做过什么, 然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。

推理判断题属于主观题, 是较高层次的题目, 它包括判断和推理题。常见的推理判断题的设问方式有:

(1) 推测作者的写作目的或意图的设题形式:

(1) The purpose in writing this text is to___________.

(2) The author writes this passage to___________.

(3) The author in this passage intends to___________.

(2) 推测文章观点或结论的设题形式:

(1) It can be inferred from the passage that___________.

(2) What conclusion can be drawn from thepassage?

(3) From the passage we can conclude that___________.

(3) 推断文章出处的设题形式:

(1) The passage is most likely to be taken from___________.

(2) Where would this passage most probably appear?

(3) The passage is most likely a part of___________.

(4) 是非判断题的设题方式:

(1) Which of the following is (not) true/false?

(2) All of the following statements are wrong except___________.

(3) All of the following statements are right/true except___________.

(4) Which of the following is not mentioned inthe passage/text?

(5) 逻辑排序题的设题方式:

(1) Which of the following describes one'slogic in doing something?

(2) Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to?

(3) Choose the right order of the following events in...

3. 真题例析

2013年广东卷D篇

While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was:Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past?Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open online courses.”Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.

Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students'identities using personal information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.

Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test question are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.

41.Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

A.To correct her typing mistakes.

B.To find her secrets in the room.

C.To prevent her from slowing down.

D.To keep her from dishonest behaviors.

42.The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to___________.

A.advanced technique

B.sharpening tool

C.effective rule

D.dividing line

43.For internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if___________.

A.they can attract potential students

B.they can defeat academic cheating

C.they offer students online help

D.they offer many online courses

44.Some programs can find out possible cheaters by___________.

A.checking the question answering speed

B.producing a large number of questions

C.scanning the Internet test questions

D.giving difficult test questions

45.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

A.The Advantages of Online Exams

B.The High-tech Methods in Online Courses

C.The Fight against Cheating in Online Education

D.The War against the Booming of Online Education

【答案与解析】

41.D。细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was”得知监控Jennifer的原因是为了确保她不作弊。

42.A。猜词题。根据a key to encourage以及下一句中的The technology可以知道答案。Cutting和key是并列关系, 前面this所指代的为上文中提到的防作弊科学技术, 由此得知Cutting edge应该为advanced technique。

43.B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven't justsearched the Internet to get the right answers.可以得出答案。

44.A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可得知正确项为A。

45.C。主旨大意题。文章主题句位于第三段第一句In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.可得知本文主要讨论网络课程的防作弊问题。

4. 素材训练

When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation (基金会) , nobody understood what she was talking about.But Sophia knew just how important Make-A-Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.We were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet Sophia listen to what she had to say.

Sophia told us that Make–A–Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.“It's a charity (慈善机构) that helps children who have got very serious illnesses.Make-A-Wish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true, ”Sophia explained.

We asked Sophia how Make-A-Wish had first started.She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris's dream come true—so, with everybody's help, Chris, only seven years old a the time, had been a“policeman”for a day.“When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of Make-A-Wish, ”explained Sophia.

Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time.A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world.Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.

1.Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had___________.

A.benefited from it

B.volunteered to help it

C.dreamed about it

D.told the author about it

2.According to Sophia, Make-A-Wish___________.

A.is an international charity

B.was understood by nobody at first

C.raises money for very poor families

D.started by drawing the interest of the public

3.What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?

A.He has been a policeman since he was seven.

B.He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-Wish.

C.He wanted people to help make his dream come true.

D.He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.

4.Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers?

A.They are important for making wishes come true.

B.They try to help children get over their illnesses.

C.They visit sick children to make them feel special.

D.They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular.

【答案与解析】

1.A。推理判断题。由关键词her best friend可知答案应从第一段中找。根据this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.可知, 她最好的朋友从中获益。

2.A。细节理解题。由第二段第一句的a worldwide organization以及引号里的a charity综合可知A项an international charity是正确的。

3.B。细节理解题。第三段最后一句, 当人们看见Chris是多么的高兴, 他们决定帮助其他生病的孩子, 那就是Make-A-Wish的开始, 是Chris给了人们这个想法, 所以B项正确。

4.A。细节理解题。由第四段第三句the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.可知A为正确答案。

五、文化差异

1. 热点话题探究

语言有丰富的文化内涵。接触和了解英语国家的文化有利于对英语的理解和使用, 有利于形成跨文化交际能力。《普通高中英语课程标准》 (实验) 中文化意识目标中也明文规定:普通高中毕业生应能达到七级文化意识目标中的要求, 具体内容如下:

(1) 理解英语中常见成语和俗语及其文化内涵;

(2) 理解英语交际中常用典故或传说;

(3) 了解英语国家主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家的经历、成就和贡献;

(4) 初步了解主要英语国家政治、经济等方面的情况;

(5) 了解英语国家中主要大众传播媒体的情况;

(6) 了解主要英语国家与中国的生活方式的异同;

(7) 了解英语国家人们在行为举止、待人接物等方面与中国人的异同;

(8) 了解英语国家主要宗教传统;

(9) 通过学习英语了解世界文化, 培养世界意识;

(10) 通过中外文化对比, 加深对中国文化的理解。

所有这些内容足以说明“文化习俗、文化差异”是高中英语学习的重点。从近几年的高考试题也可以看出, 对这个话题的考查有递增趋势。

2. 解题方法指导

对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期过程, 需要长期的积累。根据上述意识目标的要求, 我们在平时的学习过程中, 应做到如下几点:

(1) 重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握

在复习过程中加强对语言基础知识的掌握。按新课标的要求就是应具备3500的词汇量, 并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法;掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系;熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目及习惯用语等。

(2) 扩展文化背景知识, 广泛涉猎, 丰富阅读

注重对英语国家的习俗、文化特色、重要文化现象的渊源、一些成语及习语的文化内涵等知识的积累, 这样就可在一个较熟悉的语言背景下去阅读此类话题文章, 可以更自信地去完成题目。

(3) 认真研读历届高考试题

研读高考试题, 可以增加阅读经验, 熟悉题材和体裁, 适应选材特点, 了解设问形式, 感悟设问特点。

从历年高考试题可以看出, 此类话题的文体包括记叙文、议论文及说明文。设问形式以细节理解题为主, 同时包括主旨大意题及词义猜测题, 偶见推理判断题。因此, 解题时应做到:

第一, 迅速阅读问题。带着问题阅读是解答细节理解题的有效方法;

第二, 掌握文章主旨大意。抓住文章的首段或尾段, 有利于把握文章主旨;

第三, 对于词义猜测题的解答, 要注重通过上下文内容及全文大意来进行猜测。

3. 真题例析

2013年辽宁卷D篇

“Indeed, ”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug (萤火虫) .But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others'conversation.Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as“little problems and difficulties”that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In1889 it was recorded that Edison“had been up the two previous nights discovering‘a bug'in his invented record player.”

68.We learn from Paragraph 1 that___________.

A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug

B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug

C.the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century

D.both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century

69.What does the word“flaw”in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Explanation.

B.Finding.

C.Origin.

D.Fault.

70.The passage is mainly concerned with___________.

A.the misunderstanding of the word bug

B.the development of the word bug

C.the public views of the word bug

D.the special characteristics of the word bug

【答案与解析】

68.D。细节理解题。根据第一段的“When Washington wrote that, Englishmenleaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.”可知, 英国人和美国人在18世纪都使用了“bug”这个词。故选D项。

69.D。词义猜测题。根据下文可知, bug被解释为“小问题和麻烦”, 即flaw意为“错误”。故选D项。

70.B。主旨大意题。因全文是按照一定的逻辑顺序来说明bug词义演变的, 即本文描述bug一词的意义发展。故选B项。

4. 素材训练

Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870, it was experiencing an economic (经济的) boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people.Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango (探戈舞) came into being.

At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that be could attract the attention of thefew available women.Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.

In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet (芭蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers fromArgentina arrived in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exiting dance in cafés.Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.

The popularity (流行) of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.

1.The origin of the tango is associated with___________.

A.belly dancers

B.American soldiers

C.a Spanish city

D.the capital of Argentina

2.Which of the following is true about the tango?

A.It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.

B.People of the upper classes loved the tango most.

C.It was often danced by two males in the beginning.

D.A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.

3.Before World War I, the tango spread to___________.

A.America

B.Japan

C.France

D.South Korea

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A.How to Dance the Tango

B.The History of the Tango

C.How to Promote the Tango

D.The Modern Tango Boom

【答案与解析】

1.D。细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句和最后一句“As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango (探戈舞) came into being”.可知, 探戈起源于阿根廷的首都———布宜诺斯艾利斯。

2.C。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“At that time there were many fewer women, his only choice was to dance with another.”可知, 选C项。

3.C。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 一战后探戈传入北美, 故排除A项;而1926年传入日本, 2003年传入韩国, 故排除B和D项。而由第三段中的“After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe, ”可知, C项正确。

4.B。主旨大意题。从全文的内容来看, 本文介绍了探戈的起源、发展及传播, 故选B项。

六、科技知识

1. 热点话题探究

随着新课改的深入进行, 近年来科普知识、科技前沿类文章大量出现在高考阅读中, 成为高考阅读理解热门题材之一。这类文章主要介绍科普知识, 科学小发明、新创造, 科研新动态, 科研成果的开发、特点、用途, 介绍生产新工艺、制造工艺流程、疾病控制、太空与海洋、动物世界等。由于这类短文一般是对某项科技研究成果的报道或出自于专业人士的科学实验报告或论文, 涉及到某些知识或领域, 如医学研究、心理实验、生物技术、地质地貌、太空探索、新型学科等, 因此题材新颖, 内容抽象复杂, 专业术语较多, 句子结构长且难以理解, 有一定的难度。考生需要深入研究、有针对性地进行备考。

这类文章多以议论文、说明文以及新闻报道为主, 它们结构严谨, 逻辑性强。从阅读理解的考查题型来说, 主要考查细节 (直接理解、指代、计算、识图、词义猜测等) 、推理判断、结论、标题选择及主旨大意题等。

解答此类题一定要全面了解原文, 了解科普知识及最新动态。对于复杂的知识可以通过简笔画、图示等方式将所读内容加以分析整理, 使抽象内容具体化、形象化, 然后才能成功破题。

2. 解题方法指导

对此类话题的针对性解题方法有:

(1) 词义猜测题

认真阅读文章, 分析原文对该科学新发明、新创造、工艺流程是如何解释、如何下定义的, 在此基础上抽象概括生词词义或者根据上下语境来猜测词汇。

(2) 指代判断

这类文章呈现出动作变换多、人物事件转换频繁等特点, 因此经常出现指代判断。指代词以it, one (s) , that, they, them等表示物的代词为多。需认真分析动作转换, 区分动作的执行者和承受者, 从而准确判断代词的正确指代。

(3) 科学方法图示判断题

常以工艺流程、生产方法、科学实验等顺序进行命题。认真阅读文章的顺序, 边读边画草图以帮助理解、思考, 对照选项, 最终做出正确判断。

(4) 数字计算题

解题时认真分析原文相关数据及题干要求, 寻找相应运算公式或运算规律。

(5) 发明创造影响判断题

这类试题常以What is the greatest influence of the new invention?或What is the best effect/result of the new invention?为设问方式进行判断。答案常常出现在文章结尾, 应该在文章后快速寻找。

(6) 新产品使用判断题

认真注意原文中介绍新产品使用的部分, 从而找出正确答案。

3. 真题例析

2013年山东卷C篇

You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check theweather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.

The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp.”he said.

The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed (安装) at 2meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

While there are no plans to take the lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

66.For what purpose did Belyaev create the lampbrella?

A.To predict a heavy rain.

B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.

D.To remind people to take an umbrella.

67.What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?

A.His creation was inspired by an experience

B.it rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg

C.Street lamps are protected by canopies

D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain

68.Which of the following shows how the lampbrella works?

A.motor→canopy→sensors

B.sensors→motor→canopy

C.motor→sensors→canopy

D.canopy→motor→sensors

69.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?

A.Its moving speed.

B.Its appearance.

C.Its installation.

D.Its safety.

70.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.The designer will open a company to promote his product.

B.The lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

D.The lampbrella would be put on show inMoscow.

【答案与解析】

66.C。考查细节理解。根据题干中For what purpose定位到第一段第二、三两句But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That's why he created Lampbrella可知Mikhail Belyaev认为人们忘记查看天气预报的话, 也不一定会淋雨, 只要有Lampbrella, 故选择C项。

67.A。考查细节理解。根据题干中from Belyaev's words定位到第二段第二句Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain可知Belyaev看到路灯照亮了试图躲雨的路人, 才想起要给路灯安装伞帘, 这正是他的灵感来源, 故选择A项。

68.B。考查细节理解。根据题干中how the Lampbrella works定位到第三段和第四段的内容。可知该设计安装了360°感应器, 遇上下雨天, 并且有人靠近需要避雨时, 传感器就会发出信号, 伞面在电力的驱动下自动以低速缓慢打开, 等到避雨的人离开, 不超过3分钟, 它就会重新恢复合拢状态。

69.D。考查归纳概括理解。根据题干内容, 答案定位到第五段内容, 本段描述了Lampbrella的速度、高度等各个方面, 就是为了表明它的安全性, 所以选D。A、B和C项都是各个细节, 带有片面性。

70.C。考查推理判断题。根据题干中the last paragraph定位到最后一段内容, 可知Belyaev坚持认为他的发明可以装置在任何一条行人很多的街道上给人提供保护, 可见他对自己的发明很有信心。故选择C项。

4. 素材训练

Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can't wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.

“I'd use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open, ”said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.

The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between$250 and$600, the Times said, possibly including a variation ofaugmented (增强的) reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one's surroundings.So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.

“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isn't something anybody needs, ”said Sam Biddle, who writes for Gizmodo.com.“We're accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things, ”he added, “and the average consumer isn't gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that's hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”

Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.

“It's just like smartphones 10 years ago, ”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it's unnatural, ”he said.“There's gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there.”

1.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to___________.

A.program the opening hours of a bar

B.supply you with a picture of the future

C.provide information about your surroundings

D.update the maps and GPS in your smartphones

2.The underlined phrase“pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“___________”.

A.develop rapidly

B.get round quickly

C.appear immediately

D.go over automatically

3.According to Sam Biddle, the smartphonelike glasses are___________.

A.necessary for teenagers

B.attractive to New Yorkers

C.available to people worldwide

D.expensive for average consumers

4.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses___________.

A.may have a potential market

B.are as common as smartphones

C.are popular among young adults

D.will be improved by a new technology

【答案与解析】

1.C。考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词possible functions定位到第三段第一句话that overlays information onto the screen about one's surroundings可知这种智能手机式的眼镜能将你周围的环境呈现在显示屏上。

2.C。考查词义猜测。根据题干中的关键词pop up定位到第三段第二句“pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or”可知如果你沿着一条大街走, 眼镜上的指示灯会立刻闪现出这条大街上的咖啡店或为你指明方向。

3.D。考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词smartphone-like glasses以及四个选项的信息定位到第四段最后一句“and the average consumer isn't gonna be able to afford another device that's hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”由线索定位中的句子可知, 普通消费者可能负担不起这一装置。故选择D项。

4.A。考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词the last two paragraphs定位到最后两段, 尤其是倒数第二段中“this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.”可知这种眼镜装置将来可能会和智能手机一样普遍。故选择A项。

如何突破高考话题作文审题关 篇8

一、审材料

话题作文所给出的材料,是话题产生的基础,能帮助作者理解话题,打开思路。是经命题人精心挑选,用于启发引导考生思维的媒介。所以材料中往往隐含着命题者的一些意图,如对作文范围与立意的某种限定等。因此,在审题时,首先一定要把隐含于材料中的命题者的意图挖掘出来,并据此确立自己的作文方向。

“审材料”的关键在于找出材料中的关键词、关键句,审清材料中的思想倾向。即材料中暗含的提倡什么、反对什么、赞美什么、批判什么、讴歌什么、鞭挞什么等等。

譬如2002年高考作文材料中有这样一段话:“登山者犯难了,是继续前进,还是停下来援救这个陌生人?心灵深处翻江倒海之后,他毅然做出决定,脱下手套,给那人按摩。”这段文字最好不过地提供了心灵选择的样本。聪明的学生只要根据这段文字,展开联想,稍加构思,就不难写出符合题意的作文。同时,从材料中的“犯难”、“心灵深处翻江倒海”、“毅然做出决定”等词语可以看出,选择绝不是当机立断,毫不犹豫的,它有一个心灵斗争的过程。如此写来,怎么会偏离题意呢?可惜,有的考生对材料不加重视,草草浏览一遍便匆匆下笔,有的甚至不看材料,只看心灵的选择这个话题,便草率成文。有的考生拟题为《团结就是力量》《登山莫畏难》《说毅力》等。结果,评分时都放在四类卷以下考虑。有的考生将中餐是吃面条还是吃米饭,周末时回家还是留校,放学后去不去打球等生活琐事也当成是心灵的选择,流于肤浅虚浮,评分时则在三类卷以下考虑。以上这些都是审读材料不慎而导致偏题的典型例子。

二、审提示语

话题作文以提示语为写作平台,是命题者对所给材料的阐发,目的是帮助考生正确理解材料的内容,引发考生展开想象与联想。无论是立意定体,还是选材取事说理,都必须从提示语出发,不能置提示语于不顾,另起炉灶,随意为文。

如2005年高考浙江卷作文题提示语:“一叶飘零而知秋,一枝勃发而见春。寻常细微之物常常是大千世界的缩影,无限往往收藏于有限中。”

正如最后一句“无限往往收藏于有限中”所言,作文的提示能让考生展开无限的遐想。萧乾的“几个枣核”写出一个老华侨的深深乡思,张新民的“两次下棋”确定一个车间主任,鲁迅的“一个圆圈”刻画出阿Q的麻木无知,吴敬梓的“两根灯草”写活了严监生的悭吝本性,奥莱尔的“车厢一幕”鞭挞了二战的血腥残酷,茹志鹃的“两棵樟树”讴歌了宋庆龄的人格品质……。生活中看似很简单、很平常的小事,却往往能挖掘出极丰富、极深刻的内涵。不是常说“一粒砂粒看世界”,“一滴水能折射出一个太阳”吗?相信只要考生抓住生活中的一些平常小事进行联想、开拓、深思、挖掘,一定能通过“一枝、一叶”发现光怪陆离的大千世界,写出令人惊喜的文章。

三、审话题

话题作文的审题核心是审“话题”本身。作文所给的话题,不论是词语,还是短语,不论是观点型的,还是范围型的,都必有一定的意义。如果话题的意义还未搞懂,写作又从何谈起呢?

首先,要注意话题的呈现状态。话题的语法形态不同,审题与构思就有区别。有的话题是词,如“诚信”,话题十分宽泛,构思时就应大题小作。有的话题是词组,如“心灵的选择”,是偏正词组,表达“选择”时,要体现心灵的碰撞。

其次,对话题中的关键词要深入探究。如“假如记忆可以移植”这一话题,弄清“记忆”是大脑再现过去的事物留下的印象,而不是情感性格;“移植”,是由此转移到彼,而不是复制。

再次,以并列短语的形式呈现的话题,要特别注意并列的内在联系。如2005年高考山东卷作文的话题“双赢的智慧”:“双赢”的内涵是利人利己,“智慧”的内涵是处理问题的能力。“双赢”是目标,“智慧”是方法。作文不能只重视“双赢”而忽视“智慧”,也不能大谈“智慧”而抛弃“双赢”。

四、审要求

话题作文的要求,是对作文的最明确的限定,它直接规定着作文能写什么,不能写什么。如果审视不清,前面的功夫可能会付之东流。

“审要求”的关键在于看准作文要求中的“能”与“不能”、“可”与“不可”。例如2005年高考湖南卷与浙江卷的作文题,其要求是“写一篇不少于800字的记叙文或议论文”,“除诗歌外,文体不限”,要求相当明确。考生一旦忽视了这一点,将作文写成诗歌或者其他不符合要求的体裁,就等于给自己的作文判了死刑。

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