文都考研辅导

文都考研辅导（共6篇）

文都考研辅导 篇1

文都集团2012、2013考研公共课优秀师资简介

政治授课师资――预测精准

蒋中挺：文都集团面授、远程独家授课名师，授课诙谐幽默，富有激情，重点、考

点把握准确，授课风格深受考研学子喜爱。讲授“思修与法基”，“中国近现代史纲要”。“毛中特”，“点题预测班”。2010考研、2011考研连续两年命中多道原题，特别是2011考研史无前例地命中大题原题、原材料，并且命中多道多选题，选项极其准确，听过蒋老师课的学员都说“政治紧跟蒋中挺，不考高分都不行！”

李海洋: 呼市文都集团面授、远程独家授课名师，中国人民大学教授，考研政治“马

克思主义哲学原理”权威辅导名师，高屋建瓴，势如破竹、把深奥玄妙的哲学道理剖析得清澈透明是李老师的授课风格。

徐之明: 中国人民大学名师，主讲：“马原”。“当代世界经济与政治”。其独创的“口

诀法”、“表格法”、“图形法”让学员耳目一新。授课生动幽默，坚持“一个中心――以考题为中心，紧扣“两个基本点”－－知识点、出题点，深受学员喜爱。为呼市文都独家授课。

英语授课师资――高分团队

徐绽：全国著名考研英语辅导专家。授课风格风趣幽默，激情四射，大气磅礴，有的放矢，挥发自如，直击要害，授课信息量大。课堂气氛极其活跃，让学员在开心、轻松的课堂气氛中掌握英语知识，轻松面对应试。主讲：考研词汇、阅读理解、写作、翻译。

何威威文都集团考研英语、四六级实力派明星教师，基础扎实，责任心强。具有

多年的考研英语、四六级命题研究经验，深谙命题规律和解题套路,授课风趣幽默，富有激情，信息量大且直击要害，赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。主讲：考研英语完形、新题型、语法速记；四级、六级词汇速记、阅读理解、冲刺预测。

丁晓钟：南京邮电大学副教授，著名考研、四六级辅导名师，著名品牌“点点英语”

创始人，授课生动幽默，注重培养英语基础知识，授课形式新颖，授课内容以外刊为题材，注重锻炼与拓展学生接受新知识的能力，听丁老师的课，英语成绩扎实、快速提高。

数学授课师资――黄金搭档

汤家凤：著名考研辅导专家，南京大学博士，主讲线性代数、概率与统计，对于数

学有着极其精深的研究，方法独到。凭借多年从事考研阅卷工作的经验，通过自己的归纳总结，在课堂上为学生列举大量以往考过的经典例子。深入浅出，融会贯通，让学生真正掌握正确的解题方法。汤老师所著《考研数学接力题典1800》深受学员喜爱。

李永乐：呼市文都面授、远程独家授课名师，清华大学副教授，全国著名考研数学

辅导专家，辅导效果显著，课堂上立即消化，是李老师独有的风格。李老师等编写的《考研复习全书》、《660题》、《线性代数辅导讲义》、《历年真题解析》等畅销全国。

曹显兵：全国考研数学领军人物，北京工商大学教授，研究生导师，在科研上已承

担国家自然科学基金项目三项，省部级项目四项。其授课满是激情，系统性强，重点、要点突出，善于归纳总结，讲解透彻，预测性强，直击考点，深受全国广大考生推崇。主讲“概率论与数理统计”。

文都考研辅导 篇2

变电站设备巡检是有效保证变电站内设备安全运行, 提高供电可靠性的一项基础性工作, 它分为例行巡检和特殊巡检。其中, 例行巡检每天至少两次;特殊巡检一般在高温天气、大负荷运行、新投入设备运行前以及大风、雾天、冰雪、冰雹、雷雨后进行。我国地域辽阔, 很多变电站的地理环境十分恶劣 (如高海拔、酷热、极寒、大风、沙尘、多雨等) , 大多数变电站巡检方式多为人工巡检, 主要是通过手持红外热像仪对变电站设备进行红外测温。而只靠人工在室外进行长时间的设备巡检工作是十分困难的, 同时也存在劳动强度大、工作效率低、检测质量分散等不足。

1 智能机器人的系统架构

变电站设备巡检智能机器人基于自主导航、精确定位、自动充电的室外全天候移动平台, 集成可见光、红外、声音等传感器;基于磁轨迹和路面特殊布置的无线射频设别 (RFID) 标签, 实现巡检机器人的最优路径规划和双向行走, 将被检测设备的视频、声音和红外测温数据通过无线网络传输到监控室;巡检后台系统通过设备图像处理和模式识别等技术, 结合设备图像红外专家库, 实现对设备热缺陷、分合状态、外观异常的判别, 以及仪表读数、油位计位置的识别;并配合智能变电站顺控操作系统实现被控设备状态的自动校核。智能机器人的系统架构如图1所示, 分为基站控制系统层和移动系统层。

基站控制系统层主要由无线网桥和监控计算机 (主站) 组成。主站系统基于Windows系统, 采用C#面向对象编程语言开发设计, 其主要功能是自动采集和存储可见光图像和红外图像并进行分析和处理, 动态显示机器人当前采集的可见光图像和红外图像;实时显示机器人当前的方位、运动状态、电源状态, 并进行分析和异常报警;查询机器人现场采集的历史数据, 并进行对比分析;提供友好的操作界面, 完成机器人检测、监测功能, 为机器人运行提供相应的命令及环境信息。

移动系统层主要由电源系统、导航系统、检测系统、控制系统、通信系统以及运动系统组成, 负责导航定位信息的采集和处理, 按照预先设定好的巡视路线自动完成巡视任务, 在预设点自动定位、自动采集可见光图像和红外图像并上传至基站, 完成巡视任务后自动充电, 在巡视过程中遇到障碍物时自动停车并进行报警。

2 变电站智能机器人的运行指标及功能

智能机器人在一定程度上可以减轻运行人员的设备巡检任务, 并可在恶劣天气中代替人工对设备进行巡检。它通过底部的磁传感器沿着根据巡视路线铺设的3 590m磁轨道进行巡视, 在需要采样的信息点处埋设无线射频设别 (RFID) 点370个, 巡视相关设备、接头、仪表及油位500多个, 实现对全站设备的有效自动巡视。运行人员可通过工作站主界面, 依据现场情况为机器人安排合理的巡视时间及运行任务、路线, 单日对220kV及35kV设备区进行时长1h的可见光巡视及时长2h的红外成像巡视;双日对主变、500kV设备区进行时长2h可见光及时长3h的红外成像巡视。巡检任务结束后, 通过筛选巡视时间及设备类型分析设备温度, 并显示模式识别区域的温度;当超过温度阀值时, 发出报警提示信息, 并形成设备检测报告。检测报告中详细记录设备名称、巡检时间、红外检测图像及三相对比结果。

3 智能机器人的操作指令及响应

500kV文都变采用的智能机器人可以完全自主进行巡检, 只需在自动规划前对任务进行人工配置。下面对机器人的常用操作及响应做简要说明。

3.1 人机互动

(1) 检查连接状态。检查机器人状态是进行其它大部分操作的前置要求, 操作人员须掌握后再进行其它操作。

(2) 手动巡检。在系统界面工具栏中点击控制平台按钮, 进入控制平台界面 (如图2所示) , 点击切换按钮后模式变成“手动控制模式”, 此时可用键盘的四个方向键控制车体的前后左右, 空格键为停车;或通过快捷键W、S、A、D、Q、R键分别控制车体的上、下、左、右、停止、复位。

(3) 视频录制、回放。打开可见光右键菜单, 点击开始录像即可进行视频的录制, 录制完成后事项中会显示录像存储路径, 双击该事项, 点击“导航到”即可查看该录像, 如图3所示。

(4) 启动与关闭任务定时、下发配置。启动定时:点击主界面工具栏的“巡检任务”按钮打开任务界面, 点击需要启动定时的任务名称 (如“220kV+35kV夜”) 选择定时, 再点击右下方“220kV+35kV巡检任务夜”的定时时间, 这时工具栏上“启用定时”由灰色不可选变成黑色可选的状态, 点击“启动定时”即可, 如图4所示。

禁用定时:即取消定时任务, 执行此操作后机器人将不再自主进行该任务的定时设备巡检。该操作与启用定时操作类似, 在选中任务及任务的定时时间后, 再选择“禁用定时”即可。

下发配置:修改任务的定时或修改其它配置时, 界面会出现如图5所示版本提示, 确认之前所做修改均有效, 再点击“是”下发配置, 机器人会按照所做修改执行。

3.2 巡检模型配置

(1) 温升设置。打开“配置/巡检模型配置”菜单, 选中左侧“设备”节点, 弹出如图6所示巡检模型配置图界面, 再选中需要设置的设备, 此时在右侧属性栏可以看到“允许温升”项, 其值为20, 该值可根据不同设备、不同季节进行修改。

(2) 巡检定时时间设置。打开“配置/巡检模型配置”菜单, 选中左侧“巡检任务”节点, 选中要修改的任务名称, 在右侧可以设定定时周期个数及时间。例如图6中选中设备的定时周期为2, 定时任务时间分别为10:00和15:00, 表示巡检机器人一天巡检两次, 巡检时间分别为10:00和15:00。

3.3 查询操作

(1) 巡检数据查询。点击系统工具栏上的“巡检数据”按钮, 弹出巡检数据查询界面。在界面左上角处先选中起止时间, 然后点击“查询”按钮就可看到如图7所示信息, 界面中的红色数据表示温升越界报警。

(2) 报表查询。该模块主要查询巡检数据中所生成的报表, 操作过程与巡检数据查询类似, 打开“分析/报表查询”菜单, 弹出报表查询工具界面。界面左侧展示温度与设备两种过滤方式, 中间为查询结果列表, 右侧是以Word文件格式展示的所查询的报表, 可进行页面设置、打印预览、打印等操作。

(3) 历史曲线查询。打开“分析/历史曲线”菜单, 弹出历史曲线查询界面, 设定需要查询的开始时间和结束时间, 结束时间不能早于开始时间。点击“选择”按钮, 打开曲线选择操作界面对变电站的设备进行选择, 点击设备曲线页面勾选出需要查询的设备。若需对移动站测点曲线进行选择, 则点击移动站测点曲线页面, 勾选出需要查询的移动站测点曲线参数。曲线选择完毕后, 点击“查询”按钮即可查询。

4 存在的问题及解决措施

变电站智能机器人巡检系统在导航方式、自动控制、数据采集和图像处理等方面还处于探索研究阶段, 尤其是在导航方式上, 由于500kV文都变的智能机器人采用的是磁轨道导航, 机器人在行驶过程中只要检测不到磁信号或检测信号装置出现故障, 就会偏离磁轨道或停滞不前, 从而影响整个巡检任务。在多次出现该问题后, 更换机器人磁点和磁传感器才解决了问题。此外, 在一些细节问题上机器人的表现不够人性化, 例如在执行巡检任务时, 若终止任务再去执行另一个任务, 机器人就会冲出磁轨道, 如需正常改变任务, 则需在执行新任务时选择机器人当前所在的位置点再执行任务。另外, 机器人的可见光采集点存在误差, 部分避雷器表计无法对准, 并且后台生成的单设备报告或多设备报告的依据无从确定, 环境温度、检测日期、诊断和缺陷分析、处理意见也应该生成在报表中, 这些问题目前还没有得到有效解决。由此可见, 机器人要真正扮演起变电站设备巡检工作的主角, 还有很多工作需要完善。

5 结束语

本文介绍了设备智能巡检机器人在500kV文都变的典型应用模式, 该机器人基于室外全自主移动平台和磁轨迹导航, 实现了最优路径规划和双向行走, 可以取代或辅助变电站运行人员进行日常的设备巡检、红外测温等工作, 还能人工配合顺序控制系统实现被控设备位置的自动校核。通过智能巡检机器人可以实现变电站设备巡检无纸化和信息化, 切实提高设备巡检的工作效率和质量, 降低变电站运行人员的劳动强度和工作风险, 为智能变电站或无人值守变电站的运行管理提供了一种创新型的设备检测和监控手段。

摘要：介绍一种基于移动机器人的设备巡检系统在500kV变电站的应用情况。根据机器人在文都变5个月的运行情况, 结合机器人的编程语言、系统架构、运行要求、功能与操作, 对500kV文都变机器人存在的问题与解决方案进行了总结。现场实际应用情况表明, 移动式变电站设备巡检机器人为智能变电站或无人值守变电站的运行管理提供了一种创新型设备检测和监控手段。

波拿文都拉：心向神圣之旅 篇3

波拿文都拉(Bonaventura)原名为费登萨的约翰(Joharnnes Fidanza)，约1221年出生在意大利维特尔博附近的巴格劳里镇。他于1236年至1242年在巴黎求学，获文学硕士之称，后于1243年入方济各会，成为哈勒斯的亚历山大的高足，并于1248年获圣经学士学位，1250年获箴言学士学位，1253年获神学硕士学位。他完成学业后，即在巴黎大学讲授圣经和《箴言四书》，此间与阿奎那成为同事和朋友。1273年6月3日，他被教皇格列高利十世任命为红衣主教，此后曾协助教皇促成了天主教与希腊正教的短暂统一。1274年7月15日，他因病在法国里昂逝世。1482年4月14日，他被教皇封为圣徒，享有“虔诚博士”尊称，1587年又获得“撒拉弗博士”(即“六翼天使博士”)称号。

波拿文都拉的代表作是《彼得·郎巴德的(箴言四书)注解》，共四卷、百万余字，被视为“经院哲学鼎盛时期在内容上最有意义的箴言注释”。他的另一部名著为《心向上帝的旅程》，强调出神状态的神秘直观，以这种神秘体验和洞见来感受超越一般认识的神圣知识，并认为此即反映了神圣光照的永恒艺术，从而使此书成为中世纪鼎盛时期的神秘主义经典之作。他的其它著作还包括《小品：论学艺向神学的回归》，《短论》，多部《问题论辩集》，多部《宣讲》，《神学讲道集选》，多部圣经《注解》，《独白：论心灵的四种操练》，《论三重路》，《生命之树》，《论撒拉弗的六翼》，《圣方济各传奇》，《书信》，以及许多《布道集》等。

文都教育：考研英语大作文 篇4

What an astonishing picture it is above! Two one-leged men are running together on each other’s help. Departed, they would have been unable to move even an inch forward, combined, they are now capable of running over any intact person.

As the core value of development strategy at the time being, sense of cooperation and its weight couldn’t be more clearly proved and revealed in the picture above-shown. In real world, no one is perfect, rather we are all flawed and fallible. With limited strength and unavoidable shortage, it is hard for an individual to reach great achievement all by his own. United, however, other person’s advantage will perfectly and swiftly cover our shortcomings, and a win-win policy will be expectable around the corner.

From my own perspective, such an understanding will do good to our society if it is carried out more profoundly. Only through a mutual aiding system assisted by government can Social harmony actually come true. Therefore a well-established system should be in use so that different communities, groups and families can live on one another, sharing interests and achievements. As it has been announced by UN in , united, we are the world!

文都考研辅导 篇5

Dear Bob

I have just come back and to my surprise, I have found a music CD borrowed from you in my luggage. I am writing the letter in purpose of apologizing for my inability to return it to you.

There are, to my mind, several urgent measures might be taken to solve the problem. On one hand, I could deliver the CD with express mail and approximately, four days later, you would receive it. On the other hand, I would like to pay for it provided that you might agree with the idea. Once again, I am terribly sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Hope you can accept my apologies and send me a reply at your earliest convenience. My appreciation to you for your prompt attention is beyond words.

Yours sincerely,

文都考研辅导 篇6

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C]or[D] on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.

Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D ( research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when

2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion

3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary

4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism

5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change

6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed

7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often

8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered

9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize

10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods

11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable

12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke

13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare

14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced

15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never

16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally

17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since

18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes

19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share

20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out

Section II Reading Comprehension

Text 1

It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.

However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or creat artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.

Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.

The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.

Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.

21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to __________.

[A]complete future job training

[B]remodel the way of thinking

[C]formulate logical hypotheses

[D]perfect artwork production

22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their______.

[A]experience

[B]academic backgrounds

[C]career prospects

[D]interest

23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.

[A]help students learn other computer languages

[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come

[C]need improving when students look for jobs

[D]enable students to make big quick money

24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to______.

[A]compete with a future any of programmers

[B]stay longer in the information technology industry

[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world

[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies

25.The word “coax”(Line. 4, Para. 6)is closest in meaning to______.

[A]challenge

[B]persuade

[C]frighten

[D]misguide

Text 2

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.

The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western stata governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chiekens habitat.

Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67, 000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.

Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.” The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.

26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is _

[A] the insistence of private landowners

[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage

[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists

[D] its drastically decreased population

27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it _

[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure

[B] would involve fewer regulatory powers

[C] granted less federal regulatory powers

[D] went against conservation policies

28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they _

[A] agree to pay a sun for compensation.

[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat.

[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job.

[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations.

29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is

[A] the federal government

[B] the wildlife agencies

[C] the landowners

[D] the states

30. Jay Lininger would most likely support _

[A] the plan under challenge

[B] the win-win rhetoric

[C] environmental groups

[D] industry groups

Text 3

That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complain is made especially moumfully:There’s never any time to read.

What makes the problem thomier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s fullof articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…

It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.

In fact “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally. judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast depands on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as to-do list item. and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book

So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books ,or on single-purpose e-readers,” carry a book with you at all time “can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read ”, but just reading, and making time for everything else.

31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because

[A]what they can offer does not case the modern mind

[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them

[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading

[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

32.The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to

[A]update their to-do lists

[B]make passing time fulfilling

[C]carry their plans through

[D]pursue carefree reading

33.Fberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps

[A]promote ritualistic reading

[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set

[C]develop online reading habits

[D]achieve immersive reading

34.“Carry a book with you at all times” can work if

[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day

[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with

[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading

[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business

35.The best title for this text could be

[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading

[B]How to Set Reading Goals

[C]How to Find Time to Read

[D]How to Read Extensively

Text 4

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession.those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to polities.

Young and old converge on one key point：Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job：starting a family.managing debt，and finding affordable housing.

Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily, he said, ”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.“Looking back he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees，“Schneider said.”I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”

36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is

[A]having a family with children

[B]trying out different lifestyles

[C]working beyond retirement age

[D]setting up a profitable business

37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to

[A] favor a slower life pace.

[B] hold an occupation longer.

[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance.

[D] give priority to children outside the home.

38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will

[A] depend largely on political preferences

[B] reach almost all aspects of American life

[C] focus on materialistic issues

[D] become increasingly clear

39 both young and old agree that

[A]good paying jobs are less available

[B]the old made more life achievements

[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain

[D]getting established is harder for the young

40 Which of the following is true about Schneider?

[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.

[B]His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.

[C]His parents’ believe working steadily is a must for success.

[D] He found a dream job after graduating from college.

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

[A]Be silly

[B]Have fun

[C]Express your emotions

[D]Don’t overthink it

[E]Be easily pleased

[F]Notice things

[G]Ask for help

As adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.

41._______C_______

What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.

42.______E_______

A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.

43._________A_____________

Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.

44.________B___________

The problem with being a grown up is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)—it doesn’t matter,so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.

45.________D___________

Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.

Section Ш Translation

46. Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally – which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to

1)think him,and

2)give your advice.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name.Use “Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

48.Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing you should

1)interpret the chart and

2)give your comments.