复习的英文句子翻译

复习的英文句子翻译（共8篇）

复习的英文句子翻译 篇1

我国翻译公司的现状

八、我国翻译产业的发展

我国翻译行业正快速步入健康发展的轨道，主要表现在以下几个方面:

1.翻译人才职业化步入轨道

为适应社会主义市场经济和我国加入世界贸易组织的需要，加强我国外语翻译专业人员队伍建设，科学、客观、公正地评价翻译专业人才的水平和能力，更好地为我国对外开放服务，根据建立国家职业资格证书制度的精神，全国开始实行开放式、面向社会、面向公众、国内最具权威的、统一的翻译专业资格(水平)认证。该认证是在国家人事部指导下，由中国外文出版发行事业局组织实施与管理。经国家人事部同意，首次英语翻译专业二、三级试点考试己于2003年12月6日至7日在北京、广州、上海三市举行;随后第二次考试于2004年5月29日至30日，在全国12个省(市、区)进行;2005年起在全国统一实施。通过目前国内统一的、最具权威的翻译专业资格(水平)考试，可以对社会上从事翻译工作的人员的翻译能力和水平作出比较科学、客观、公正的评价。其次，翻译专业资格(水平)考试，是在充分考虑到与翻译系列专业技术职务相衔接基础上，对全国翻译系列职称评审进行的一项积极的、富有改革意义的重大举措。考试在全国范围实行后，不再进行相应翻译职务任职资格的评审工作，各地区、各部门为评定相应翻译专业技术职务任职资格而进行的考试也一律停止。通过翻译专业资格(水平)考试，取得翻译专业资格(水平)证书的人员，用人单位可根据需要，按照《翻译专业职务试行条娜任职条件要求聘任相应的专业技术职务。通过考试还可以达到规范和促进国内翻译市场发展的作用。此外通过对翻译专业人员水平和能力的评价，可以为不断规范化的翻译市场提供高质量的服务;可以更好地维护客户和翻译人员双方的利益。

2.翻译服务规范化提上日程

中国第一个有关翻译的国家标准—《翻译服务规范第I部分：笔译》于2003年11月27日颁布。接着翻译服务译文质量的国家标准《翻译服务译文质量要求》于2004年7月20日在北京通过了中国标准化协会组织的专家审定。又一个国家标准翻译服务规范第2部分:口译己见初稿，正在征求有关部门和专家的意见的基础上，己通过有关各方组成的专家审查委员会审定后报批。这些规范或标准的制订并颁布必将对改进翻译服务、提高翻译管理水平、推进我国翻译市场建设有重大影响。译文质量的高低直接影响上至国家政府部门下至企事业单位和个人对外交流的利益。因此，为了保证接受服务的客户都能得到符合要求的译文产品，对翻译服务单位设立必要的技术门槛和规范译文质量标准势在必行。这些标准的制定将保证翻译服务过程中客户与翻译服务方的良好合作和沟通。而良好的合作与沟通是保证翻译服务译文质量的必要前提。翻译服务方在开始翻译前应充分了解客户使用译文的目的，详尽记录客户的特殊需求，并向客户客观地介绍译文质量的等级和合格率，最大限度地消除可能出现的歧义。影响译文质量的因素主要有译者的语言驾驭能力、专业知识结构、工作经历以及翻译时限等。翻译服务规定就译文质量要求、译文中允许的变通、译文质量评定及译文的检测方法等作出了规定。

3.成立了行业性的管理机构

2003年11月，经国家民政部批准成立了中国译协翻译服务委员会。该委员会是中国译协的第九个委员会，也是我国唯一的翻译经营管理委员会。中国译协的其他八个委员会是按语类或翻译内容来分的学术性较强的委员会，如文学翻译、科技翻译、社会科学翻译、民族 语文翻译等委员会。翻译服务委员会成立的宗旨是协调、规范翻译服务行业，促进全国翻译服务企业的联合协作，优化人力资源，推进规范化经营和管理，通过制定一系列标准、规范，以期在技术法规的层面上规范翻译服务行为。

4.行业内部的合作日益活跃

第一届“全国翻译经营管理工作研讨会”于2001年9月在南京举行，来自中央和16个省市的70多位公司老总、译协领导以及翻译界的专家学者齐聚一堂，共商翻译服务行业经营管理工作中的大事，“自南京会议以来，中国译协翻译服务委员会又成功组织了第二届研讨会(2002年，海口)、第三届研讨会(2003年，成都)和第四届研讨会((2004年，天津)。历届会议上，代表们发言踊跃、思路开阔，会议开得精炼、高效、团结。侮届会议都有一个主题，南京会议的主题是:翻译服务的前景和出路;海口会议的主题是:用标准化经营规范翻译服务市场;成都会议的主题是:行业协会的地位和作用;天津会议的主题是:诚信经营，建立翻译服务行业的诚信体系。这四届会议，各成员单位共提交了近100篇论文，不少论文立论新颖、思路敏锐、高屋建领、很有深度，从不同的侧而瞻望翻译服务行业的前景，阐述翻译服务行业存在的问题以及解决问题的途径。

说到翻译公司，必然会想到翻译协(学)会。因为在我国从计划经济向市场经济转型的过程中，一部分翻译协会就率先开展翻译服务，有的还成立了翻译公司。

中国翻译工作者协会(简称:中国译协)成立于1982年，系中央国家机关、全国各省、自治区、直辖市(含计划单列市)翻译工作者协(学)会的联合组织，全国性群众学术团体。中国译协的宗旨是团结和组织全国翻译工作者，开展翻译工作的研究和学术交流，提高中国翻译工作者的专业水平，保护翻译工作者的合法权益，更好地为中国社会主义改革开放和现代化建设服务。20多年来，中国译协每年在全国各地举办各类翻译学术研讨会、学术报告会和经验交流会以及翻译人员培训等活动。在中国译协的指导下，全国各地的译协先后宣告成 立。各地的翻译协会基本上都是围绕着翻译服务、外语培训、学术交流、对外联络等几个方而展开活动，为培养翻译人才、繁荣我国翻译事业、促进我国对外交流与合作做出了应有的贡献。

改革开放以来，翻译协会为推动我国的对外开放、经济建设、维护市场秩序起到了积极的作用。但是，必须认识到翻译协会与其他行业协会一样是在计划经济向市场经济转型过程中逐步发展起来的，由于法制还不健全、管理还不完善，在协会建设方而还存在不少薄弱环节。“从目前我国行业组织总体生存情况看，有1/ 3发展比较好，1/ 3勉强支撑，剩下的1/ 3难以维持。”

为了适应时代的需要，中国译协于2004年11月在北京召开了第五届全国理事会，同时举办了“首届中国翻译成就展”。这是中国翻译界在新世纪的第一次大聚会，也是中国译协成立22年来具有重要意义的一次盛会。此次会议的主要内容是:审议并通过第四届全国理事 会常务理事会工作报告和中国翻译工作者协会章修改草案;推举产生新一届中国译协领导机构;表彰先进分支机构和团体会员等。其中章程修改的一项重要内容是中国译协的社团性质将由过去的学术向学术性、行业性并举的方向扩展。这是中国译协顺应时代和翻译事业发展的需要，对译协今后的工作将具有重要而深远的意义。此外，每届理事会还对1998年中国译协第四届全国理事会会议以来，各团体会员和各分支机构在组织翻译学术活动、翻译培训与教学、翻译服务、翻译出版等各方面的工作进行全而的总结，为各会员单位和全国的翻译工作者提供一个相互切磋、借鉴与学习交流的平台和机会。同时，由中国译协主办的首届中国翻译成就展也在中国军事博物馆隆重举行。这是建国以来我国翻译领域的首次大型展览，展示了翻译工作对外宣、外交、军事、民族语文、教育培训、出版、产业化和社会服务等各领域的成就，充分体现了翻译工作在中外交流中的巨大作用，彰显了广大翻译工作者对促进社会发展所做的重要贡献。

尽管我国现有的部分翻译协会和翻译公司都对外提供翻译服务，但是他们的地位和作用又各不相同。其中翻译协会是自律性的行业组织，具有一定的特殊性，它是跨于社会中介和市场中介之间的中介机构。从木质上讲，翻译协会是行业管理组织，对维护市场秩序、保证

中介机构的素质、规范中介机构的运行、控制中介机构的数量、监督中介机构从业人员的行为具有重要的意义和作用。翻译公司属于信息咨询服务机构，为其他公司或企事业单位提供以翻译为主导的信息咨询服务，且这种服务具有增值性，在一定程度上是经济发展的一种要 素，能够提高经济效益和资源的配置效率。

未来一二十年是我国经济发展的重要时期。在新的阶段实现持续、稳定、快速的发展，用发展的办法解决前进过程中的问题。面对新形势新任务，采取切实有效措施，加快发展中介服务业，培育一大批公正、独立的中介组织，成为我国市场经济建设和国民经济发展的重要环节。为了促进中国市场中介服务业的发展，必须进一步打破政府的行政性垄断，培植一批独立的产业自律组织，解决中介服务的资格、标准和定价等问题，促进中介部门的有序竞争，并提高对外国竞争者的开放度。为此，我国政府己经做了一定的努力。主要体现在以下几个方面:

一是继续推进社会中介组织与政府部门彻底脱钩，避免权力介入中介服务，确保中介服务的客观性和公正性。

二是加强中介组织的法律法规建设，使所有的中介组织都必须依据法定程序设立和运作，接受法律约束、规范和监督。

三是建立和完善必要的职业资格和市场准入制度，保证从业人员具备必要的执业资格，增加高素质优秀从业人员的数量和比例。

四是加强监督，大力整顿和规范中介服务市场。中介组织行为的不规范是影响中介服务市场发展的重要因素。要整顿和规范各类中介组织，加强行业自律，促进中介组织自身的正当竞争，实现优胜劣汰。还要通过执业范围分级管理、评定信誉等级等手段扶优抑劣，提高中介组织的整体服务水平。

五是加强培训和交流，提高综合素质，全而提升我国中介组织的整体素质和竞争力。六是加快政府职能转变，为中介组织发展提供良好的外部环境。从深化行政审批制度入手，改革一切阻碍生产力发展的管理体制和机制，将属于中介组织承担的职能转移出去，将政府职能真正转变到制定政策、实施监督和提供公共管理和服务上来。同时，进一步提高政府部门的服务质量和服务水平，建立必要的协调磋商机制，为中介组织解决发展中存在的问题。

复习的英文句子翻译 篇2

1.the Origin and Application of Metaphor

With the development of technology and society, people has strengthened the ability of communication.To express their thoughts clearly, metaphor came into being.We use metaphors to make indirect comparisons, but without using “like”or “as”.A metaphor very often uses the verb “to be”:“Life is a journey”, for example.“I am a rainbow”is also an example of metaphor because it is comparing two nouns, a person, and a rainbow, but does not use like or as.As un important part of the culture, metaphor is a kind of widespread sentences, with specific implications, extracted and purified from the spoken language and labor experience of the people and the classical works.Metaphors are frequently used in the spoken language and literary works.They were transmitted from generation to generation for years and centuries.They are the scientific summary of people's experience and the crystallization of people's wisdom.

Originally metaphor was aGreek word for “transfer”.It came from meta (“change”) and pherein (“carry”) .So the word metaphor in English was a metaphor, too.Today in Greek, metaphor is a trolley (a thing that is pushed for carrying shopping or bags) .About two thousand years ago, the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle has made the definition of metaphor in his books.Here are some of the common metaphors we usually used in our daily life. (1) They are the flowers of the human brainwork.这是人类思维的花朵。 (2) The handsome boy became the sun in her heart.这个英俊的男孩成了她心中的太阳。 (3) She gave a crystal explanation.她解释的清晰明了。

In spite that we come from different culture background, there would be large intersection in the culture, since people have the same living conditions, certainly they have many common feelings on it.The examples above can be translated nearly in equivalent effect.However they cannot stand for all the others.There are lots of metaphor cannot be translated exactly the same words.Following is the examples.if translating into Chinese word for word, such as the following: (1) You've caught the sun.wrong:你已经抓住了太阳。Right:你晒黑了。 (2) He is a sour person.wrong:他是个酸溜溜的人。Right:他老讲反话。 (3) You've got me.wrong:你得到了我。Right:你把我问住了。

From these Chinese translation, you can see the fartetched translation sentence by sentence obviously.While you should handle these kind of sentences flexibility.From these examples, we can see, sometimes the metaphors of one culture will be different from those of another, so they are very difficult to translate.Language.is closely connected by thoughts.Since the thought patterns of Chinese and English are quite different, the structures of the two languages are not the same.Thus, during the translation we should not only translate sentence by sentence, but also pay special attention to their cultural meanings in the whole texts.In order to understand correctly the real meanings of sentences, we should not only improve our skills on translation , but make great efforts on the culture of English.

2.Relationship of Language, Culture and Translation

Several problems exist in translating metaphors, the most obvious is that it have no existing “equivalence”in target language because metaphor in source language is a semantic novelty.There are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately related.Both phenomena are unique to humans and have therefore been the subject of a great deal of anthropological, sociological, and even memetic study.Language, of course, is determined by culture, though the extent to which this is true is now under debate.The converse is also true to some degree:culture is determined by language-or rather, by the replicators that created both, memes.

Language is an important component of culture.Language can represent a certain culture, so when you translate a language, you are spread over different cultures.Culture can be developed frequently by the usage of language, so they cannot be separated partly, and they influence each other.Also they should develop together.

Cultureis the basis of language, so differences in culture will affect the translation.In this sense, translation is not only the translation of languages, but also the culture.As a result, you should learn more about the different cultures from English countries, including the history, the society, and the laws, and also the living conditions.For example, you can read lots of English books written by the native authors, watch more English movies, and listen to English radio more frequently.Before a learner starts to write in a language, he needs to read a lot in order to learn the language and to get familiar with certain patterns or rhetorical structures.It is often said that wide reading and imitation can contribute to native like writing.

3.Culture Difference between the Countries

The word culture has many different meanings.For some it refers to an appreciation of good literature, music, art, and food.For a biologist, it is likely to be a colony of bacteria or other microorganisms growing in a nutrient medium in a laboratory Petri dish.However, for anthropologists and other behavioral scientists, culture is the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs among the members of a community.If culture is symbolic, Language is the most typical symbolic system within it.There are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately related.Language communication is actually a kind of cultural communication and the communication between different languages is indeed communication between different cultures.From this perspective, the translation of language is essentially the translation of culture, and translation studies should beconducted in the context of culture.

Culture is the basic of language, metaphors exists in the language.So that metaphors is on closely relation with the culture.In another word, the culture created metaphors.Different culture gave birth to different metaphors.On the other hand, metaphors reflect the culture.In this sense, to learn about some metaphors helps to understand the culture of different countries.Culture is formed in the course of people's work, their common life, history, custom, the ways of thinking, and so on.The same thing happened to language.Metaphors, as un important part of language, has a long history, and has been used by the people from long ago.For some case, translation of metaphors rely on the social cultural meaning more than the connotation from the words themselves.Various culture factors caused the difference between languages.They are living conditions of geography, history character, religion, and also classic legend and literary works.Following recount is in the detail.

3.1LivingConditions of Geography

Language is closely relationship with people's living condition.Different living conditions of geography can create much different language.As we all know, England is an island nation, and its navigation is famous in the world history, So many English idioms are connected closely with navigation.Such as (1) Never offer to teach fish to swim.不要班门弄斧。 (2) “Salt water and absence wash away love.”日久情疏。 (3) Make fish of one and flesh of another厚此薄彼, 偏爱一方. (4) Let others ship be your seamark.别人的沉船是你的航向标。The island country is rich in rain, wind and fog, so there are lots of metaphors in English.Here is one example:It never rains but it pours.From the sentence meaning, it is translated into不雨则已, 一雨倾盆, maybe the original meaning is not so properly expressed while it has the similar meaning of Chinese sayings“祸不单行”.While On the contrary, Chinese is a continental nation with its people living on the land.There are seldom rain in some area especially in spring.So there is a famous saying“春雨贵如油”。面朝黄土背朝天” (work hard in the field) 。

3.2Different History Character

The social history has a enormous impact on the language.With the development of society The different historical situations often produce certain historical expressions.Since every language can create new words to describe new situations and objects, more and more new language will come out.After all, nothing in the world is static.However, they change at different rates at different times in response to new social, cultural, and environmental situations.While the metaphor of a certain langue can tell us the history clearly.So that we must consider on the historical factors during the translating.For example, fifty-five years B.C., Britain was conquested by cippus, and was occupied for 400 years.So the roman culture has influenced British culture greatly.These are showed in many metaphors.For examples, Do in Rome as the Romans do.喻为入乡随俗。All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马, 喻为殊途同归。

3.3Customs and Tradition

Different thoughts and habits are decided by different tradition and customs.For example, different countries have different ideas on the pat animals.Such as dog.In English, the dogs are the faithful friends of human beings and be loved by the people.so there is English idiom like “She is a lucky dog.”她是个幸运儿。Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。While in Chinese, it is usually used as a bad thing, such as “狗眼看人低”、“走狗”。Another famous example is “dragon”.Dragon is stands for powerful and lucky symbol in china, while in western countries, it is regarded as evil, horrible animal.The same thing happened on the color of yellow.It stands for elegance in china, while it is not lovely in some western countries.The color of while , blue, all of them have different meanings between the different countries.and so on.

3.4on the Impact of Religion

As un important part of culture, religion has influenced the thoughts and language of people.In English speaking countries, most people has the Christian religion, so God has the highest situation in their mind, if you read the bible, you can find many idioms daily life.For example, (1) Every man must carry his own cross.每个人必须背他自己的十字架。Since it's the cross of jesus, so it stands for the suffering, so the whole sentence means每个人都要承担各自的苦难。 (2) Keep me as the apple of the eye视为掌上明珠, Even the nations are like a drop from the bucket沧海一粟。while in china, the region of Buddhism has a long history and insteadily, they believe in heaven instead of god.so many metaphors are influenced by Buddhism, such as临时抱佛脚, 老天有眼, 天无绝人之路 and so on.

3.5Classic Legend and Literary Works

BothChina and western countries have long history, so does the literary culture.So they both have numbers of literary works and classic legend.All these classic works have un enormous influence in the language, and the same thing happened on the use of metaphors.At the same time, these metaphors can show the national spirits vividly.One of the most famous literary works of Shakespeare, we can find the words “green-eyed”, it means jealous, we cannot translate it to绿眼睛, while it has the almost same meaning in Chinese红眼病 (妒忌) 。There are also numbers of classic metaphors in Chinese, for instance黑发不知勤学早, 白首方悔读书迟, 黑发and白首stand for the youth and the old men.

4.Metaphor of Translation

The uniqueness of metaphors appears to be the one thing translation theorists can agree upon, and it seems a bit conceited to maintain that translating a phenomenon held to be so exceptional represents no challenge at all, and can be done by a simple word to word rendition.

Our culture does, sometimes, restrict what we can think about efficiently in our own language.As metaphor comes from the living environment, the history, the tradition and also the religion of a country, it demands the translator has a rich knowledge about all these aspects.That is not simple.Not only they should reading abundant, but also learning from learned professors from English speaking countries, since not everything can be found in dictionary.For example: (1) The suggestion had been received with frosty disapproval.这项建议已经被无情地否决了。 (2) A cloud of grief descended on the country and the world.这个国家乃至这个世界突然沉浸在悲伤的气氛中。 (3) You'd better shape up if you want to stay on.如果你还想留下来, 最好乖一点。

4.1CombineLiteral Translation with Free Translation

It seemsobviously that the perfect translation must lie in the two opposed views, and Newmark's diagram underpins this notion.In my opinion, language is always in a certain language environment, so that maintaining any view as to how something should be translated is useless.You should not judge each sentence separately, and before you make a decision do make clear its proper context.

Both literal translation and free translation are commonly used.They are not paradoxical, on the contrary, they are complementary.Literal translation can express the original meaning of source language, so it is the first choice, while when there is much obstacles to understand, you have to turn to use free translation.

Free translation can translate the source language in flexible way, so it can be easy understood by the readers, while it is not translate words to words.Combine iteral translation and free translation is the best way to translating.For example: (1) A fox may grow gray, but never good.江山易改, 本性难移。 (2) Diamond cuts diamond.强中自有强中手。 (3) She gave a crystal explanation.她的解释清晰明了。

4.2Appropriate Choice in Words

Obviously, words are the component structures of language;they combine to form sentences and come in eight different varieties called parts of speech.Counting words in a language for comparison with other languages is a difficult and imprecise task at best.For instance, a verb could be counted as a single word or each conjugation of it could be counted as a separate word.Likewise, it is not clear whether one should count words that have been borrowed from other languages or antiquated word forms that are no longer in common use.It is also unclear how commonly used a slang or technical word must be before it is counted.Relying on dictionaries for word counts is unlikely to be adequate since many words are never included.

Choosing words correctly and appropriately is very important during translation.You'd better translate the sentences nearly as possible to original version.For example:“It's very kind of you.It's nice to see you.”According to the context, they can only be translated like“非常感谢您。”and “见到您很高兴。”, so that they fit in with Chinese tradition, but they can't be translated like “您太慈祥了。”and “见到你很好。”Another example is like this:“He is beginning to look his age.”And “You don't look your age.”If translated like “他开始显老了。”and “你看上去没那么大。”, that would accord with Chinese logic.

5.Conclusion

In this thesis, we offered a simple introduction to the definition of metaphor, as we all know that they are not birth with human beings, they came out with the development of the society.And then, we found out the relationship between metaphor, language, and the culture.That is culture is the basis of language, so differences in culture will affect the translation, as a result, translation is not only the translation of languages, but also the culture.After that, we analysed on emphasis the various culture factors that influenced the difference between languages.They are living conditions of geography, history character, religion, and also classic legend and literary works.

As we all know thattranslation should be faithful to the original text.To be faithful is very important to a translator.So you would try your best to remain the faithful to the original text.However, people from different parts of the world have much different ideas on the same thing.Culture difference is the most difficult thing to understand from other countries. For many people, language is not just the medium of culture but also is a part of culture.One must understand deeply the culture at first in order to translate accuracy.It is quite common for the translator to the English speaking country to live as the local people, adapt their life as soon as possible, and then they turn to the new neighbors, from the daily life communication, and the life abroad, it's much easier to understand the new language and even the new culture.In spite every language can create new words to describe new situations and objects.None is static.However, they change at different rates at different times in response to new social, cultural, and environmental situations.

All in all, translation is a skillful technology and elegant art, and it is not a simple thing to translate properly.Not only you should be good at English but also good at Chinese.And what's more important, the translators should be rich in knowledge.In order to translate more perfect, you should keep on learning, exploring, focus on expand your knowledge wide, and also improve your comprehensive on different cultural.Meanwhile, handle the words and sentences flexible and faithful is important.

参考文献

[1]Nida, E.A., Toward A science of Translation, Netherlands, E-.G.Brill, leiden, 1964

[2]Newmark, Peper.A Textbook of Translation, Shanghai Foreign Lan-guage and English.Beijing:中国对外翻译出版社, 1984

复习的英文句子翻译 篇3

【关键词】翻译美学 英文诗歌 版本比对 审美体验

一、引言

翻译作为一种艺术活动与美学有着不解之缘。无论从理论上还是实践上，美学对翻译都有一定的借鉴意义。本文通过《The stolen child》的两个翻译版本，简要研究翻译美学与文学诗歌翻译的关系，探讨翻译美学的不同理解对文学审美的借鉴价值和启示意义。

本文选择了《The stolen child》的两个译本进行比对，一个是艾梅翻译的《被偷走的孩子》；另一个版本是周英雄版本的《被拐走的孩子》。（关于题目的翻译，将放于内容分析比对之后）。两种版本有很多地方的不同，如果逐字逐句去对比意义并不大，所以笔者挑选了六处对于诗歌意义会产生不同理解的句子进行简要的对比分析。

二、诗文内容的翻译比对探究

1. fairy vats/faery vats. 诗歌中有一句“There weve hid our fairy vats”。艾梅将“fairy vats”译成“魔桶”，而周英雄的版本中翻译成“仙篮”。“fairy vats”出现在诗歌第一节，通过对“fairy vats”的描述为小孩及读者展开了一个全新的世界，一个不同于我们平时生活的世界。“Fairy”这个词在英语中作名词有仙女的意思，作为形容词它的意思是“魔法、妖法”所以这里艾梅将“fairy vats ”翻译成“魔桶”也并非不可以。当你翻译的诗歌和诗人的原文有所偏差的时候，可能影响整篇文章的意思，所谓失之毫厘差之千里。

2. worlds more full of weeping than you can understand. 这句话在全诗之中出现了三次，出现频率如此之高是因为它是仙女呼唤孩子来这个世界的话语。叶芝原文是“For the worlds more full of weeping than you can understand.”艾梅将这句翻译为“这世界哭声太多，可你不懂。”周英雄的翻译是“世上哭声遍地，你无从了解。”因为全诗都是仙女试图让孩子安心来到这个世界的一种尝试。因此，翻译者在此不仅要考虑到美学意境的用词，还要注意受众心理的角度，此处呼唤的语气应该更具有煽动性和说服力才更加符合原文作者的心理。

3. trouble is anxious in this sleep. 叶芝诗原文是“While the world is full of troubles，and is anxious in this sleep”，艾梅的翻译是“然而这世界充满了烦恼，睡梦中也挤满了无尽的焦虑”，周英雄的翻译是“然而世上烦恼充斥，睡眠中仍不免焦虑”。对这一句的理解要结合第二点谈到的“For the worlds more full of weeping than you can understand.”前文分析过，翻译为孩子们不懂为更佳，因为这样更能反映他们已经意识到麻烦，可却找不到答案和解决方法的心理，所以“anxious in this sleep”翻译为“睡梦中也挤满了无尽的焦虑”会比较好，且此处的“挤满”是点睛之笔。

4. The solemn-eyes. solemn的本意是庄严，因此艾梅将“The solemn-eyed”翻译为“那个眼神庄严的孩子”，周英雄翻译成“这个眼神凝重的孩子”。诗中原文是“A way with us hes going， the solemn-eyed”，意思为那个要和我们一同离去的孩子，在对孩子的眼神形容上，艾梅使用了solemn的原意“庄严”远不及周英雄所译出的“眼神凝重”。庄严于此处并不恰当，审美特征不明显，也不能准确地表达原文主题。

5. Sing peace into his breast. 诗原文“the kettle on the hob， sing peace into his breast”，艾梅的翻译是“水壶在火炉上的低唱，那些曾安抚他心灵的歌谣”；周英雄的翻译是“炉架上的水壶把谧静唱入他胸膛”。周英雄的翻译明显更具审美意境。由此可见，审美对象（原文作品本身）与审美主体（翻译作者）之间，存在一种可以相互渗透的关系。

三、诗文标题翻译比对

论文最开始提到过，在讨论完诗文的正文内容后再讨论题目的翻译更为合适，更易贴近诗文主题。“stolen”通常我们都认为时被偷走的意思，因此会艾梅的题目《被偷走的孩子》更为精准和规矩；但从翻译美学的审美角度来看，周英雄的《被拐走的孩子》的翻译则更为贴切。因为当你读完整首诗，了解大意后，真的会认为孩子是在被迫的情况下追随仙女离开尘世的吗？仙女使用的手段是一方面指出尘世间充斥烦恼，另一方面展现给孩子看另一个世界的美好。最终孩子选择和仙女手牵手，并不是被迫的结果。

四、总结

两首译本如果细细的对比起来，还会有很多细微的不同，但并不影响整篇诗歌的基调。当阅读完这首诗后，其实诗文的本意是在试图描写一个离开尘世的故事。在每个人心中离开尘世的途径和意义各不相同，因此我们所拥有的选择权也大相径庭。但相似的是，每个人生活在尘世的喧嚣中总会有迷失的时候，千万不要因为一时的诱惑而做出让自己后悔的决定，珍惜我们所拥有的美好，让这些美好成为我们选择留在尘世的动力。

参考文献：

英文经典句子带翻译 篇4

把脸朝向阳光，你就不会看见阴影。

02、No words are necessary between two loving hearts。

两颗相爱的心之间不需要言语。

03、What is courage?Is it making you love me with tears or letting you go with tears?

什么是勇气?是哭着要你爱我，还是哭着让你离开。

04、Never too old to learn。

活到老，学到老。

05、Never use your eyes to cry for the wrong person who hurt you。Instead use it to search for the right one。

眼睛，不应该用来为伤害你的人哭泣，而应该用来寻找那个正确的人。

06、Life is a maze and love is a riddle。

生活是座迷宫，爱情是个谜。

07、What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger。

那些杀不死我的东西，只会让我变更强。

08、Nothing is impossible!

没有什么不可能!

09、Not a woman because she is beautiful and the soul of the love。

没有一个女子是因为她的灵魂美丽而被爱的。

10、Beauty，wisdom，money，a lot of things，are born to，and not even think about that jealousy with you，to change anything。

美貌，智慧，金钱，很多事，都是天生注定的，别想用你那嫉妒心，改变什么。

11、All things are difficult before they are easy。

凡事必先难后易。

12、Waiting，is the world’s most humble terms。

等待、是人世间最卑微的名词。

13、There is a time to speak and a time to be silent。

该说话时说话，该沉默时沉默。

14、Always some wisp sadly belongs to you。

总有一缕悲伤属于你。

15、A land of broken promises，put together not return yesterday。

碎了一地的诺言，拼凑不回的昨天。

16、Every person need a friend to make them laugh when they think they will never smile again。

每一个人都需要这样一个朋友：当以为自己再也笑不出来的时候，他能让你开怀大笑!

17、Passion，though a bad regulator，is a powerful spring。

激情虽难以驾驭，却是种强大的动力。

18、Memories took my hand，I how fled are destined to be in vain。

回忆拉着我的手，我怎么逃都注定是徒劳。

19、Sometimes，only a tear，we completely clear sight。

有时候，惟有一场眼泪，我们才彻底清晰了视线。

20、Today，give a stranger one of your smiles。It might be the only sunshine he sees all day。

今天，给一个陌生人送上你的微笑吧。很可能，这是他一天中见到的唯一的阳光。

21、Therefore，if you desire love，try to realize that the only way to get love is by giving love，that the more you give，the more you get。

如果你渴望爱情，你需意识到得到爱的唯一方法就是付出爱，你付出的越多，得到的就越多。

22、Your birth gives me hope and I hope to give you happiness。

你的出生带给我盼望，而我愿望带给你幸福。

23、I forget，or you have not loved。

是我忘不掉，还是你未曾爱过。

24、I love you not because of who you are，but because of who I am when I am with you。

我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。

25、Yesterday is history。Tomorrow is mystery。Today is a gift。

昨日成历史，明日尚为谜，唯今日是馈赠。

26、It takes being away from someone for a while，to realize how much you really need them in your life。

有的时候，你需要离开某人一段时间，才会发现自己有多需要他。

27、Heart is mine，but full of you。

心是我的，可里面全是你。

28、The most painful goodbyes are those that were never said and never explained。

最痛苦的再见就是从未说过，从未解释的再见。

29、Become a better person and be sure to know who you are before meeting someone new and hoping that person knows who you are。

做一个更好的人，确信在遇见一个新的人之前知道自己是谁，也希望那个人知道你是谁。

30、Life is like a parabola，since each handing down，when the heart of mixed emotions。

人生就像抛物线，每一个起承转合，都风生了五味杂陈的心思。

31、No one is in charge of your happiness except you。

没人能决定你的幸福，除了你自己。

32、He is no longer my world，because my world collapsed。

他不再是我的世界励志网e the most beautiful day of your life。

让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。

62、Give up worrying about what others think of you。What they think isn’t important。What is important is how you feel about yourself。

不要为别人怎么看你而烦恼。别人的看法并不重要，重要的是你怎么看待你自己。

63、You can vanity，because it is a woman’s nature，but do not let yourself become a tool for others to increase vanity。

你可以虚荣，因为，那是女人的天性，但，不要让自己变成为别人增加虚荣的工具。

64、I don’t know how to love you。Looking at you is the only way I know。

不知道，如何爱你，看着你，是我唯一的方式。

65、Sometimes words cannot express the burden of our heart。

有时候，心中所承受之重是无法用言语来表达的。

66、I never stopped loving you，I just stopped showing it。

我对你的爱从来没有停止，只是我不再让别人知道而已。

67、You have a dream by day，night has a dream to have you。You have to take care of yourself，don’t catch a cold runny nose;if occasionally sneeze，that would mean I want you!

白天有你就有梦，夜晚有梦就有你。你要好好照顾你自己，不要感冒流鼻涕;要是偶尔打喷嚏，那就代表我想你!

68、But if the while I think on thee，dear friend，all losses arerestored，and sorrows end。

只要我一想起你，亲爱的人，所有的失落和遗憾烟消云散。

69、The stronger your heart is，the brighter your smile will be。

内心越强大，笑的越漂亮。

70、Please be happy。

请务必快乐。

71、Opens the full of trees，pear can never bears apple。

开满梨花的树上，永远不可能结出苹果。

72、You laugh at me for being different，but I laugh at you for being the same。

你嘲笑我和别人不一样，我嘲笑你和大家都一样。

73、Life is like a multiple choice question。Sometimes，thechoices confuse you，not the question itself!

人生就像是一道多项抉择题，困扰你的往往是众多的取舍项，而不是标题自身!

74、The only present love demands is love。

爱所祈求的唯一礼物就是爱。

75、In love’s bumpy road，we’d better not say love。

在爱情的坎坷路上，我们最好别说爱。

76、I have no trouble，just a sense of security is too weak。

我没闹，只是安全感太薄弱。

77、Life will get better when it goes bad to a certain extent。Because it can’t get worse than this。We should fill our heart with sunshine。

生活坏到一定程度就会好起来，因为它无法更坏。所以我们心中应该总是充满阳光。

78、When you are young，you may want several love experiences。But as time goes on，you will realize that if you really love someone，the whole life will not be enough。You need time to know，to forgive and to love。All this needs a very big mind。

年轻的时候会想要谈很多次恋爱，但是随着年龄的增长，终于领悟到爱一个人，就算用一辈子的时间，还是会嫌不够。慢慢地去了解这个人，体谅这个人，直到爱上为止，是需要有非常宽大的胸襟才行。

79、To give up you is the most courageous thing I have ever done。

放弃你是我做过的最勇敢的事。

80、We put in the darkness of the heart is called the moon dancing。

我们把在黑暗中跳舞的心脏叫做月亮。

81、I love you not because of who you are，but because of who I am when I am with you。

我爱你不是因为你，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。

82、If you get tired，learn to rest，not to quit。

如果你累了，学会休息，而不是放弃。

83、Without the language of love，all characters are boring。

没有了爱的语言，所有的文字都是乏味的。

84、I know someone in the world is waiting for me，although I’ve no idea of who he is But I feel happy every day for this。

我知道这世上有人在等我，但我不知道我在等谁，为了 这个，我每天都非常快乐。

85、It’s too late to move back，yet too early to move on。

想回头，已经太迟了;想开始，又觉得太早。

86、When you feel like giving up，remember why you held on so long in the first place。

每当你想要放弃的时候，就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。

87、We shall always save a place for ourselves，only for ourselves。And then begin to love。Have no idea of what it is，who he is，how to love or how long it will be。Just wait for one love。Maybe no one will come out，but this kind of waiting is the love itself。

简单英语句子带翻译成英文 篇5

2.How will you spend the evening? 你晚上干什么?

3.I’ll probably stay home and watch TV 我可能会呆在家看电视。

4.What’s your plan for the summer holiday? 暑假计划干什么?

5.I’m thinking about a visit to Paris 我在考虑去巴黎旅游。

6.There’s going to be a pottery exhibition at the art gallery 艺术馆将有一次陶瓷展。

7.You are still thinking about a PhD, aren’t you? 你还是想学成博士，是吗?

8.What will you do about it? 你会拿这事怎么办?

9.What do you want to do after graduation? 你毕业后想干什么?

10.I’ll further my study 我想继续深造。

11.Have you heard the weather forecast? 你听天气预报了吗?

12.No, what does it say? 没有，它说什么了?

13.We’ll have fine weather for the next few days 以后几天天气晴朗。

14.But it’s still raining today! 可今天还在下雨。

15.It is said it will clear up tonight 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。

16.What will it be after the clear weather? 晴天以后天气会怎么样?

17.It says a storm may come next month 天气预报说下个月会有一场暴风雨。

18.And it may get colder, it’s already November 并且天气会更冷。

19.Yes, and I hope we can have some snow this winter 是的，我希望今年冬天会下雪。

20.I’m afraid it won’t be cold enough for a snowfall 我恐怕天不会冷的下雪。

21.But last year we had a big one 但去年下了大雪。

22.Yes, but you know global warming may raise the temperature 是的，但全球变暖会使气温上升。

23.You are probably right 你也许是对的。

24.I’m going skiing in the Alps next month 下个月我去阿尔卑斯山滑雪。

25.I hope the weather there is cold enough 我希望那儿天气够冷。

26.How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎么样?

27.I don’t feel very well 我觉得不太舒服。

28.Do you feel better now? 你现在觉得好点了吗?

29.Much better 好多了。

30.I’m sick 我病了。

31.He’s got a bad headache 他头痛的厉害。

32.My fever is gone 我的烧已经退了。

33.What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦?

34.I’ve got a pain in my back 我背疼。

35.It really hurts 可真疼。

36.It hurts right here 就这儿疼。

37.It’s bleeding You’d better see a doctor about that cut 在流血呢，你最好找个医生看看这伤口。

38.Call the doctor! 快打电话叫医生!

39.Take two pills and have a good rest 吃两片药，好好休息一下。

40.I hope you’ll be well soon 祝你早日恢复健康。

41.I get up at every morning 每天早上我点起床。

42.I then take a bath in the bathroom 然后我去洗澡间洗个澡。

43.I shave, brush my teeth, and comb my hair 我洗脸，刷牙，梳头。

44.I put on a bit of makeup 我化一点妆。

45.I cooked breakfast for the family 我为一家人做早餐。

46.I go downstairs and have my breakfast 我下楼吃早饭。

47.I read the newspaper over breakfast 我边吃早饭边看报纸。

48.I wake my sister up 我叫醒我妹妹。

49.I dress my sister and wash her hands and face 我给我妹妹穿衣服，洗脸洗手。

文言文句子的翻译专题复习教案 篇6

开课人：高淳县湖滨高级中学

程亚平

【教学目标】

1、落实《考试说明》“阅读浅显文言文能力”的训练，集中训练文言句子翻译的能力。

2、在学生已掌握文言文翻译的一般原则、技巧的基础上，加强踩点得分意识，以难词难句为突破口，指导学生掌握好高考文言句子翻译的方法技巧。【教学重难点】

1、抓关键词句(关键词语、特殊句式)，洞悉得分点。

2、掌握解题步骤、翻译方法，学以致用。

3、借助积累(课内文言知识、语法结构、语境等)，巧解难词难句。【教学设计】

1、本课以学法指导和能力训练为重点，帮助学生归纳系统的文言句子的翻译方法(直译)，并指导其应用。

2、在学生掌握了“信、达、雅” 三字翻译目标和“翻译五字诀”的基础上，针对学生在文言翻译中的盲点，力图引导学生总结归纳出解决翻译疑难的技巧，并通过训练验证这些技巧的可操作性，使学生能举一反三，从而增强文言文翻译的信心。

3、本设计重在让学生易于掌握，便于利用，注重实用性和可操作性。【教学过程】

一．课堂导入（以温故提问的方式导入）1．回顾二模翻译题

 非法所应给,一切勿与,稍毁吾什器者,必执之。不是按法律规定所应该给的，一概不得供给，（谁）稍微毁坏我处的东西，一定要捉拿他。

 峄怒，数驰檄按诘，介不为动。

崔峄大怒，多次快速递发公文责问唐介，唐介不为所动。

 身在政府而文书弗与知，上或有所问，何辞以对？

身在政府而文书的内容不让（同僚）知晓，皇上偶尔有要问的事，用什么话来应答。2．秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。

逐字翻译：秦国没有丢箭丢 箭头的耗费，但天下诸侯已经疲惫了 调整翻译：秦国没有耗费一枝箭，而天下诸侯已经疲惫了。3．回顾2002年北京高考题

把下面一段文言文中画线的部分译成现代汉语

管仲曰：“吾尝为鲍叔谋事而更穷困，鲍叔不以我为愚，知时有利不利也。吾尝三仕三见逐于君，鲍叔不以我为不肖，知我不遭时也。生我者父母，知我者鲍子也。”鲍叔既进管仲，以身下之。天下不多管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也。

①吾尝为鲍叔谋事而更穷困，鲍叔不以我为愚，知时有利不利也。

我曾经替鲍叔谋划事情，却使鲍叔更加困窘，但鲍叔不认为我愚蠢，他知道时运有好的时候，有不好的时候

②天下不多管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也

人们不赞美管仲的贤明却赞美鲍叔能够识别人才

4．提问:从高考的特点与考查目的出发,文言文翻译要严格遵循的基本要求和原则是什么? 基本要求: 忠于原文,力求做到__信___、___达__、__雅___。原则: 字字落实,以__直译___为主,以__意译___为辅

（①让学生用自己语言表述文言文翻译“信、达、雅”三字要求的理解

②直译：指译文要与原文保持对应关系，重要的词语要相应的落实，要尽力保持原文遣词造句的特

语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 点和相近的表达方式，力求语言风格也和原文一致。意译：指着眼于表达原句的意思，在忠于愿意的前提下，灵活翻译原文的词语，灵活处理原文的句子结构。）

二、学生活动

例：2001年上海市春季高考试题

昔周人有仕数不遇，年老白首，泣涕于途者。人或问之：“何为泣乎？”对曰：“吾年少之时，学为文，文德成就，始欲仕宦，人君好用老。用老主亡，后主又用武。吾更为武，武节始就，武主又亡。少主始立，好用少年，吾年又老。是以未尝一遇。”

[注] 武节，泛指武艺兵法。把下列句子译成现代汉语

（1）人或问之：“何为泣乎？”

有人问他：“你为什么哭呢？”

（2）武节始就，武主又亡。

(我)刚练好武艺，重用武士的君主又死了。

三、知识建构

提问: 文言文翻译的具体方法——“五字诀”? ①留：人名、地名、年号、国号、庙号、谥号、书名、物名都保留不译；与现代汉语表达一致的词语可保留。

②删：一些没有实在意义的虚词，如表敬副词、发语词、部分结构助词等，同义复用的实词或虚词中的一个和偏义复词中陪衬的词应删去。

③调：把文言文中倒装的句子成分调整过来，使之符合现代汉语的语法习惯。

④换：一般指把原名中的文言单音词对译为现代汉语的双音或多音词。有些词语意义已经发展，用法已经变化，语法已经不用，在译文中，应换这些古语为今语。

⑤补：省略的部分；词语活用相应的部分；代词所指的内容；使上下文衔接连贯的内容等。前四种方法是用于解词，后二种方法是用于调整文言文特殊句式造成的语序不合现代规范现象。

四、知识运用

（一）“留”字诀

☆指定学生翻译下面句子： ①楚左尹项伯者，项羽季父也

译：楚国的左尹项伯这个人，是项羽的叔父。

②永和九年，岁在癸丑

译：永和九年，也就是癸丑年 ③秦孝公据崤函之固

译：秦孝公占据着崤山和函谷关的险固地势

师生归纳翻译特点：保留法——保留古今意义完全相同的一些词，如国号、年号、帝号、官名、地名、人名、器物名、书名、度量衡单位等。课堂练习：

①元丰七年六月丁丑，余自齐安舟行适临汝。

②德佑二年二月十九日，余除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。

（二）“删”字诀

☆指定学生翻译下面句子： ①夫六国与秦皆诸侯

译：六国和秦国都是诸侯之国。

②师道之不传也久矣！

译：从师的风尚不流传已经很久了!

③顷之，烟炎张天 译：霎时间，烟火满天

语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 师生讨论归纳翻译的特点：删减法——文言中有些虚词的用法，在现代汉语里没有相应的词替代，如果硬译反而别扭或累赘，译文时可删减。这些词包括：发语词、凑足音节的助词、结构倒装的标志、句中停顿的词、个别连词及偏义复词中虚设成分等。课堂练习：

①昼夜勤作息，伶俜萦苦辛。

②余是以记之，盖叹郦元之简，而笑李渤之陋也。

③生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。

（三）“调”字诀

☆指定学生翻译下面句子：（1）宜乎百姓之谓我爱也。

译：百姓说我吝啬是理所当然的了。

（2）求人可使报秦者

译：(赵王要)寻找一个能够出使秦国回复秦王的人（3）忌不自信

沛公安在 惟兄嫂是依

（4）以其无礼于晋

译：因为郑国曾对晋文公无礼

师生讨论归纳翻译特点：调序法——由于古今语法的演变，有的句型表达方式有所不同，译文时，应按现代汉语的语法习惯及时调整。包括：主谓倒装、宾语前置、定语后置和介词短语后置等。课堂练习：

① 古之人不余欺也。（宾语前置）② 权知其意，执肃手曰：“卿欲何言？”（宾语前置）

（四）“换”字诀

☆指定学生翻译下面的的词或句子： 如： “妻子”“受业” “临表涕零”

如：①“臣闻求木之长者，必固其根本。”

译文：我听说想要树木长的高大，就一定要让它的根生得牢实。

②“乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱”

译文：于是派蒙恬在北边修筑长城并守住边防

师生讨论归纳翻译特点：替换法——有些词语意义已经发展，用法已经变化，语法已经不用，在译文中，应换这些古语为今语；有些单音实词换译成双音实词；古汉语中还有一些词类的活用现象，也应该用现代汉语的相应的词语加以置换；在忠实原文的基础上，活译修辞句。③先生之恩，生死而肉骨也。《中山狼传》（使动）译：先生的大恩，是使死了的人复生，使白骨长肉啊！

（五）“补”字诀

☆指定学生翻译下面的句子： ①竖子不足与(之)谋

译：这小子不值得与他共谋大事

②今以钟磬置(于)水中 译：今天把钟磬放在水里

③一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰

译：第一次击鼓，能够振作士兵的勇气，第二次击鼓，士兵的勇气就减弱了

师生讨论归纳翻译特点：补充法——原句中有省略或古今用词不同的地方，可根据现代汉语语法增加或补充一些成分，使译文显得通顺。课堂练习：

①然（）是说也，余犹疑之。②子曰：“隐者也！”（）使子路反见之，（）至则（）行矣。

语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com ③永州之野产异蛇，（）黑质而白章，（）触草木，（）尽死。④荆州之民附操者，逼（）兵势耳。

三、翻译的程序

１．先读懂原文的大意，再结合上下文翻译句子。２．分析原文句式的特点。

３．进行初步的字字落实的翻译，特别注意关键字词。４．对文句中的一些特殊情况进行处理。

５．按照现代汉语的规范，将文言句子准确表达出来。

四、如何达到“信”“达”“雅”的要求

1、注意古今词义、色彩的变化

①先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉曲，三顾臣于草庐之中。（色彩变化）

译：先帝不因为我低贱鄙陋，降低身份，委屈自己，三次到草房中来看望我。②璧有瑕，请指示王（单、双音节词的变化）译：璧上有斑点，请让我指出来给大王看。

③所以遣将守关者，备他盗之出入与非常也（词义变化）译：（我）派遣军队守住函谷关的原因，是防备其他盗贼进来和意外变故。

2、注意词类活用现象

①一狼径去，其一犬坐于前。（名做状）

译：一只狼径直地离开了，其中的（另一只）象狗一样坐在屠者的面前。②君子死知已，提剑出燕京（为动）译：君子为知已而死，提着剑离开燕京。③先生之恩，生死而肉骨也。（《中山狼传》）（使动）译：先生的大恩，是使死了的人复生，使白骨长肉啊！

3、注意有修辞的语句的翻译

①乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱（比喻）译：于是派蒙恬在北边修筑长城并守住边防

②臣以为布衣之交尚不相欺，况大国乎？（借代）

译：我认为老百姓之间的交往，尚且不相互欺骗，更何况大的国家呢？ ③何故怀瑾握瑜而自令见放为？（比喻）

译文：为什么要保持美玉一样高洁的品德而使自己被流放呢？

4、注意有委婉说法的语句的翻译 ①若有从君惠而免之，三年将拜君赐

译：如果仰赖贵国国君的恩惠，我们国君赦免了我们，三年后我们将要兴师报仇。②生孩六月，慈父见背；行年四岁，舅夺母志（《陈情表》）。

译：我生下来六个月，慈爱的父亲就离开我去世了；到了四岁，舅父强迫母亲改变守节的志愿，把她嫁给了别人。

5、符合现代汉语表达的习惯

①庖丁为文惠君解牛。译：一个厨师丁替文惠君分解牛。（应改为“一个叫丁的厨师”）②死事之惨，以辛亥三月二十九日围攻两广督署之役为最。

译文：牺牲最惨重的，要算辛亥年三月二十九日围攻两广督署的那次战斗。牺牲的惨重，首推辛亥三月二十九日围攻两广督署的那次战斗。

6、注意古汉语特殊的句式（省略句、倒装句、被动句）①公之视廉将军孰与秦王？（省略句）译：你们看廉将军与秦王相比谁更厉害。

②何怪乎遭风雨霜露饥寒颠踣而死者之比比乎？（介词结构后置）译：对于遭到风雨霜饥寒而倒毙的人到处都是（这种现象），又有什么奇怪的呢？

语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com ③安在公子能急人之困也！（主谓倒装）

译：公子能急人之困的美德，表现在哪里呢？

④人谁又能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎？（定语后置、省略）译文：人们又有谁愿意让自己的洁白之身受脏物的污染呢？ ⑤予羁縻不得还，国事遂不可收拾（无标志的被动句）译：我被拘留不能回来，国家的事情于是无法收拾。

五、强化训练：

1．读下列文章，翻译加横线的句子。

时大雪，积地丈余。洛阳令身出案行，见人家皆除雪出，有乞食者。至袁安门，无有行路，谓安已死，令人除雪。人户见安僵卧。问:“何以不出?”安曰:“大雪，人比饿，不宜干人”①令以为贤,举为孝廉。②一一《后汉书·袁安传》

（1）袁安答道:“天下大雪,人们都在挨饿，不应该再求别人。”（2）洛阳令认为袁安是一个贤明的人，推荐(他)做了孝廉。

2．至和元年七月某日，临川王某记。——《游褒禅山记》 参考译文：至和元年七月某一日，临川王安石记 3.天下事有难易乎？（《为学》）

译文：天下的事情有困难和容易（之分）吗？

4.臣闻求木之长者，必固其根本。

译文：我听说想要树木长的高大，就一定要让它的根生得牢实。

5.蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。——《劝学》 译文：蚯蚓没有锋利的爪牙，强健的筋骨，（却能）向上吃到黄土，向下喝到黄泉，（是由于）用心专一的缘故。

6.师道之不传也久矣。

译文：从师的风尚不流传很久了。7.更若役，复若赋，则如何？

译文：变更你的差役，恢复你的赋税，那么怎么样呢？

8.今行而无信，则秦未可亲也。

译文：现在去了如果没有信物，那（我）就无法接近秦王。9．身客死于秦，为天下笑。译文：（怀王）自己客死在秦国，被天下的人讥笑。10.王必无人，臣愿捧璧往使。

译文：大王如果实在找不到合适的人，我愿捧着和氏璧出使（秦国）。11.马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。（宾语后置）译文：日行千里的马，一顿或许能吃下一石粮食。12.千古江山，英雄无觅孙仲谋处。

译：历史悠久的千古江山，再也找不到英雄孙仲谋的地方了。王必无人，臣愿捧璧往使。译文：大王如果实在找不到合适的人，我愿捧着和氏璧出使（秦国）。13．阅读下文，完成题目(1996上海卷)

余病痞(肚子里生的硬块)且悸，谒医视之，日:“椎伏神(中药名，外形像竽)为宜。”明日，买诸市，烹而饵之，病加甚，召医而尤其故。医求观其滓，日:“吁!尽老芋也。彼鬻药者欺子而获售。子之懵也，而反尤于余，不以过乎?”余戍然惭，饲然忧。推是类也以往，则世之以芋自售而病乎人者众矣，又谁辨焉!把“召医而尤其故”译成现代汉语。

译文:把医生叫来责问这是什么缘故 14．翻译《诗经·秦风》中这首诗

蒹

葭

语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com

蒹葭苍苍1，白露为霜2。所谓伊人3，在水一方4。溯洄从之5，道阻且长6；溯游从之7，宛在水中央。

参考歌词：芦苇苍苍，白雾茫茫，有位佳 人，在水一方。我愿逆流而上，依偎在她身旁，无奈前有险滩，道路又远又长；我愿顺流而下，找寻她的方向，却见依稀仿佛，她在水的中央。

15．阅读下面文言语段，翻译画线的句子。

曾子衣敝衣以耕。鲁君使人往致邑（给一座城）焉，曰：“请以此修衣。”曾子不受。反，复往，又不受。使者曰：“先生非求于人，人则献之，奚为不受？”曾子曰：“臣闻之，受人者畏人，予人者骄人。纵子有赐，不我骄也，我能勿畏乎？”终不受。孔子闻之，曰：“参之言足以全其节也。” ①

曾子衣敝衣以耕。

译：

②

先生非求于人，人则献之，奚为不受？

译：

③

受人者畏人，予人者骄人。纵子有赐，不我骄也，我能勿畏乎？ 译：

16．把下面文言文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(2005年福建高考试题)

董叔将娶于范氏,叔向曰：“范氏富,盍已乎!”曰：“欲为系援焉。”他日，董祁愬于范献子曰：“不吾敬也。”献子执而纺于庭之槐。叔向过之，曰“子盍为我请乎？”叔向曰：“求系，既系矣；求援，既援矣。欲而得之，又何请焉？”

【注】①系援：（作为）绳梯攀援（上去）。这里指通过婚姻关系往上爬。②董祁：范献子妹妹，嫁给董叔后，改称董祁。③纺：系 ① 范氏富,盍已乎!

译：

② 献子执而纺于庭之槐

译：

③ 欲而得之，又何请焉？

译：

五、回顾小结

《文言文句子翻译歌》

熟读全文，领会文意；扣住词语，字字落实。切勿漏译，准确第一；单音词语，双音换替。国年官地，保留不译；遇有省略，补充完整。调整词序，删去无义；修辞用典，辅以意译。推断词义，前后联系；字词句篇，连成一气。带回原文，检查仔细；通达完美，翻译完毕。

六、布置课外作业 翻译强化训练

中国菜名的翻译方法初探(英文) 篇7

China has a splendid food culture.Along with the implementation of the open policy and reform and the appearance of cultural diversity,it is necessary to introduce China’s food culture to the world.How to do it?The first task is the translation of Chinese food.

The potential worth of translation and interpretation industry is huge.In the process of cross-cultural communication,good understanding and proper comprehension are not just a tool for us to get a better idea about things from different culture,but also the necessary weapon to enrich our own culture.On the other hand,if the translation is hard to understand,it will cause lots of trouble even conflicts in the process of communication.

2 Concerns and Problems of Translation

2.1 Material first

“One just needs to explain the materials and the way it cooks.”as it is said.

English dish names are for the convenience of foreigners’order,and they don’t have the responsibility of popularizing Chinese culture.As for the menu translation,it is successful if it gives a clear explanation to the materials and cooking techniques.And if it can be modified to promote people’s appetite,that is perfect.

2.2 Aesthetics first

Some experts insist that the translation of dish name should observe the aesthetic effort.Among Chinese food,there are such dish names including“blossom”(百花),”lotus”(芙蓉)and so on.They vividly describe the pretty profiling and make people appetitive by their images.Thus we must not neglect the aesthetic connotation of the dish.

3 Translation Principles for Chinese Dishes

The same Chinese food can be cooked in different ways.Knowing exactly what is the meaning of each cooking method and choose the right one to translate the dish is the premise.Usually the cooking methods are used as adjectives.To make the translation easier,they can be divided into the following groups:

“”煮“”白灼“stewed”(煲、炖、烩).It means putting the food into a pot,then adding water to cook the food,for example,“Boiled Egg”(煮鸡蛋)”Stewed Pork”(炖猪肉),etc.The second group is“quick-fried”(爆)“stir-fried or sautéed”(炒),and“fried or pan fried”(煎).It meanputting the food into a pan,stir-friing the food with a quick fireThe third group is“marinated”(卤),“braised”(焖),and“simmered”(煨).It means putting the materials into the sauce,andto.The fourth group is“roast or barbecued”(烧烤),“mixed or assorted”(什锦),“sweet and sour”(糖醋),“broiled or grilled”(铁扒)“spiced or seasoned”(五香),“toasted or baked”(烘烤),“braisedwith soy sauce(in brown sauce)”(红烧),“spicy and hot”(麻辣)“smoked”(熏),“steamed”(蒸).This group indicates the differenflavors even with the same materials.For example,“Sweet andSour Fish”(糖醋鱼)and“Braised Fish with Soy Sauce”(红烧鱼)The fifth and last group is“pickled,preserved,salted”(腌)“mashed”(捣烂),“minced”(剁碎),“ground”(磨碎),“dicedcubed”(切丁、切块),“filleted”(切柳),“sliced”(切片),“shredded”(切丝),“shelled”(去壳),“boned”(去骨),“peeled”(去皮),etc.Thigroup shows how the materials look like before they are beingcooked.

3.1 Translation methods

3.1.1 Naming beginning with the material

Formula:Main ingredients(shape)+(with)subsidiaries(Chicken Cubes with Almond杏仁鸡丁)

Formula:Main ingredients(shape)+(with,in)flavo(Duck Webs with Mustard Sauce芥末鸭掌)

3.1.2 Naming beginning with the cooking techniques

1)Introducing the Cooking techniques and main ingredients

Formula:Cooking techniques+main ingredients(shape)(Soft-fried Pork Fillet软炸里脊)

2)Introducing the Cooking techniques,main ingredients and subsidiaries

Formula:Cooking techniques+main ingredients(shape+(with)subsidiaries(Braised Chicken Fillet with Tender Ginge仔姜烧鸡条)

3)Introducing the cooking techniques,main ingredients and flavor

Formula:Cooking techniques+main ingredient(shape)+(with,in)flavor(Braised Beef with Brown Sauce红烧牛肉)

3.1.3 Naming beginning with shape or flavor

1)Introducing the Shape(taste),main ingredients and subsidiaries

Formula:Shape(taste)+main ingredient+(with)subsidiary(Crisp Chicken with Sesame芝麻酥鸡)

2)Introducing the Taste,cooking technique,and main ingredients

Formula:Taste+cooking technique+main ingredient(Crisp Fried Spareribs香酥排骨)

3)Introducing the Shape(Taste),main ingredients and flavor

Formula:Shape(taste)+main ingredient+sauce(SlicedFish with Tomato Sauce茄汁鱼片)

4)Naming beginning with Person’s name or place name Introducing the Initiator(Cradle)and Main Ingredients Formula:Person’s name(cradle)+main ingredient(MPo Bean curd麻婆豆腐)

Introducing the Initiator(Cradle),cooking techniques and Main Ingredients

Formula:Person’s name(cradle)+cooking technique+main ingredient(Dong Po Stewed Pork Joint东坡煨肘)

3.1.4 One dish named in different ways

In the process of translation,one dish can be translated by several ways from different perspectives.Take Kung Pao ChickenCubes(宫保鸡丁)for example:Sauteed Chicken Cubes with Peanuts OR Gongbao Chicken Cubes OR Diced Chicken with Chiland Peanuts

3.1.5 Translation in direct way

1)The principle of usage of Chinese Pinyin

Principle 1:Typically Chinese and widely accepted by other nations,the Chinese traditional food can be translated with Chinese Pinyin on the principle of popularizing Chinese language and Chinese culture.Example:Jiaozi(饺子),Baozi(包子),Mantou(馒头),Huajuan(花卷),Shaomai(烧麦).

Principle 2:Typically Chinese and widely accepted by other nations,the Chinese traditional food are translated with the dialect and keeps its spelling.Example:Tofu(豆腐),Kung-Pao Chicken(宫保鸡丁),Chop Suey(杂碎),Wonton(馄饨),Shao-mai(烧麦).

2)Translation in accordance with the literal information

As discussed in part 3.2.2,the Chinesse dish names showing the cooking techniques and ingredients belong to this category.Ex-ample Salted Duck(咸水鸭)

3.1.6 Translation in indirect way

Some dish names contain the special local product,so weneed to render them into the common names,and then translatethem into English.Generally speaking,this category is the beautifi-cation of the materials and the cooking techniques.For example,“fish maw”(鱼鳔)is usually called“cod’s maw”(广肚);“shuang-dong”(双冬)refers to“mushroom”and“bamboo”;“yugun”(玉棍)is referred to as“bamboo shoot”.

3.2 Two problems concerned

3.2.1 The usage of singular and plural of countable noun

The countable nouns in the menus are usually in the plural form,while in condition that there is only one main ingredient othe ingredient is too small to be counted,the singular form shouldbe employed.

In the first dish name,“noodles”and“vegetables”are count-able,so we use the plural form.In the second one,“scallion”isminced too small to count,so the singular form is employed here.

3.2.2 The usage of propositions“In”and“With”in the sauce and subsidiaries

If the main ingredients are in the sauce or in the subsidiaries,the proposition“in”is employed.

Example:Steamed Beef Ribs in Black Bean Sauce(豉汁牛仔骨)

The main ingredients“steamed beef ribs”are in the subsidiary the“black bean sauce”,so the proposition here is“in”.

4 Conclusion

China’s rich cuisine culture always causes lots of trouble to foreigners,especially when they order in the restaurant.The diverse translation versions of the same dish challenge them with inconveniences.It is of great significance to unify the English translation of Chinese food.

First of all,names of the dishes should be brief and concise They play the role of explaining the materials and flavors of the dishes.Generally speaking,there are three to eight kinds of materials.It deserves proper consideration to achieve a brief and clear effect.In the second but not last place,the dishes present themselves with some anecdotes,such as“Beggar’s Chicken”and“Ma Po Tofu”.They reflect the characteristics of China’s food culture.It is impossible to explain clearly the dish through a straight literal translation,and it will be too complex to illustrate the anecdotes behind.Therefore,the key point is to take account of both the culture and the practicality of the dishes.

参考文献

[1]Jakobson,Roman.On linguistic Aspects of Translation[C].Cam bridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1959.

[2]Mona Bake,Rutledge.Encyclopedia of Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.

[3]Nedergaard-laesrn,Birgit.Culture-bound Problems in Subti tling[J].Copenhagen:Museum Tusculanum Press,1993.

[4]Nord,Chiristiane.Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Func tional Approaches Explained[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1997.

[5]Peter Newmark.A Text Book of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shang hai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.

[6]Peter Newmark.Approaches to Translation[M].London:Polytech nic of Central,2001.

[7]Qiu,Maoru.Language,Culture,and Translating[M].Shanghai:Foreign Languages Education Press,1998.

[8]Nida E A,Taber C R.The Theory and Practice of Translation[M].Leiden:E.J.Brill,1969.

[9]李运兴.语篇翻译引论[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.

浅析中英文商标的翻译 篇8

关键词：中英文商标翻译跨文化交际

商标是商品的生产者、经营者在其生产、制造、加工、挑选、经销的商品上，或者服务的提供者在其提供的服务上所采用的标识。它是现代社会经济发展的产物，代表着企业的无形资产，对企业成长及对外发展有着极其重要的作用。因此，商品在进入国外市场时，商标的翻译就变得非常重要。如果在商标的翻译过程中考虑不全面，仅仅通过字面意思或者简单的音译，往往会成为翻译的败笔，最终导致该商品在市场中的全面溃败。

在日常生活中，我们会发现很多英文商标的翻译都是音译，这是因为在中文中。没有与该商标相对应的汉语。为了适应中国顾客的阅读习惯，译者通常会选用简单美观、琅琅上口，一看到就能联想到商品的一些汉字组合。这其中最成功的英文翻译就是“coca－cola”，中文翻译为“可口可乐”。这个翻译不仅贴合英文发音，而且还让人联想到这种饮料的可口，以及喝了之后顾客的情绪。

英国著名零售商TESCO也是一个极好的翻译例子。1924年，TESCO创始人杰克·科恩(Jack cohen)开始从事食品批发销售业务，并创立了TESCO的品牌来标识自己出售的产品。TESCO这个名字来源于杰克一个合作商(T.E Stock well)名字的前三位首写字母和自己姓氏(Co－hen)的前两位首写字母，杰克就用这个新单词“TESCO”作为自己经营商品的商标，并准备创立以“TESCO”为名的食品零售商店。2005年，TESCO入驻中国，TESCO的中文翻译也定为“乐购”，这一翻译正好契合了TESCO的特性——高高兴兴地购物，而且其中文发音与英文发音也很相符。

当然还存在很多不完全符合发青的例子。比如世界著名计算机软件开发商微软公司Mi－crosoft，它的翻译简单大胆，没有任何音译的成分，但是却把它相对应的中文意思翻译出来了，语言就是这么神奇。它采用了英文直译成中文的方法。“micro”本意是微小的，“soft”本意是软的，两个形容词就这么组合成了一个名词——微软，另外一个不符合音译的例子是宝洁公司旗下著名的洗发水品牌Rejoice，它在英语中的翻译是“高兴、喜悦”，而宝洁套司采用的翻译却是“飘柔”：“飘”的意思是随风飞动，我们常用的词语有飘扬、飘逸、飘浮等；“柔”则有软、温和等意思。而“飘柔”这一词完全表选出了用完产品后头发柔顺和飘选的感觉，合情合理。现在有很多翻译家更倾向于品牌直译，这样更能表达出该产品的本地特色。

在中国也有很多商标的翻译直接采用音译，这些翻译有些代表了中国商品的特点和中国特色。比较成功的翻译有很多，比如小天鹅洗衣机翻译为“Little Swan”，长城电风扇翻译为“Great Wall”，太平鸟衬衣译为“Peace Bird”等。

如果音译不成，就要首先考虑意译了。在意译的时候，我们需要充分考虑两种语言的文化背景、民情风俗、宗教信仰等，翻译要既简洁、形象、生动，又符合顾客的购物习惯。一个成功的例子就是中国第一个生产药妆的企业伽蓝集团旗下的药妆品牌——医婷Insea，“Insea”来源于大海，浩瀚的海洋蕴含着丰富的资源和能量。翻译中，“in”音译为医，表明了产品是一种药妆，“sea”意译为婷，符合中国女性渴望亭亭玉立的美好愿望，近年来该产品以自然健康的形象深受顾客的喜爱。