考研大,小作文的区别(通用6篇)
考研大,小作文的区别 篇1
小作文
Recruitment announcement
Do you want to be part of(组织/单位名称)do you want to(工作带啦的诱人待遇?)here comes your opportunity becoming(职位名称).In order to assure its success, we will recruit …from….if you possess(应聘者需要具备的素质),you will be the ideal candidate we are looking for.To seize such wonderful opportunity, you just need to send your resume to….Tf needing more details ,please contact us at our telephone number 123456789.询问信
Dear Sir:
I would like to inquire about some information on(主旨),I would be very grateful if you could reply as soon as possible.I shall be grateful if you could have details concerning(主旨)available.we would be grateful for many further information you may be able to give us about the(主旨).Would you please tell me ….I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.邀请信
Dear ….:
I am pleased to invite you to participate in(活动名称)to be held from 时间to 时间 in 地点.You are welcome to the party.The party will hold a lot of wonderful surprise for you ,so make sure you join us then.It will also be an opportunity for all of us to step out of our professional roles and really connect as people.活动名称 is served st 6pm,and there are games afterwards.We hope you can conce, and look forward to seeing you by then.I am looking forward to your reply.祝贺
Dear …:
I am extremely glad to hear that you 成就in your ….I congratulate you on this achievement.It is excellment of you to 成就.as we all know, you are always intelligence, which is essential to 成就.Moreover, your diligence enable you to 成就.I think that is 主题句.There is no doubt that 成就.Having you as a friend , I really feel both proud and lucky because I can often learn so much from you.I am sure, you will continue to challenge your self to ever greater success in your future career.求职信
Dear …:
I have read your advertisement in 地点of 时间for 职位, and should be grateful if you consider me as a candidate for the position.Keenly interested I am in the post of 职位 you have advertised on the job market because I think my major ,right personality and my practical experience particularly matches your requirements of the post.For one thing, ….For another, …
I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.If my application were taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful.I am looking forward to your early reply.求学信
Dear…:
I wish to apply to admission to your department as a postgraduate student.As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in 现读 university.I also wrote my reasons for my pursuit of the 出国读的专业 program.I will graduate from 现读 university.I have always abtained straight a grades on all subjects.Besides, I have much practical experience.In a word , I am confident that I qualify for the past.It would be appreciative of you if you could send me relevant information at your earliest convenience.推荐信
Dear…:
It has always been a great pleasure to write to you since I can never fail to get help, inspiration or enlightenment from you.Now I am writing to recommend to you 推荐人 who wants to pursue 推荐人去干什么.推荐人was one of students in ….University.She was one of the most excellent students in our university as can be seen from her straight a grades on all subjects.After graduation she worked in 工作单位 for three years, which considerably added to her practical experience.It is my belief that with her intelligence, diligence and rich experience, miss… has great potential for further development in 学校/单位.Therefore ,I recommend her to you with no reservations.If any further information about her is required, please let me know.Yours sincerely,Li ming
申请信
Dear…:
I am writing to apply for 干什么.My teacher prof, 人 strongly recommended that 去干什么,telling me that it would benefit me in many years to come.I have been….Ever since I was in elementary school.I hope I can grow up into a good … in your team, I will surely become more creative and enthusiastic.If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful, I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li ming
请求求助信
Dear …:
I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.I have been longing to … for a long time because I want to ….Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard.At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance.I promise to be a diligent student, If you agree, I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.Yours sincerely,Li ming
感谢信
Dear …,It is a great pleasure to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your considerate and warm treatment when I was in ….What a good time I had in ….My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words, I wish I could repay it someday.Yours sincerely,Li ming
道歉信
Dear …,I must apologize to you for 主旨.It was very kind of you to give me such a good change.But now, much to my regret that I may not be able to continue to do it, because ….If you should find our activities bothersome, please do not hesitate to let us know.It is due to my negligence, for which I can exceedingly sorry.The reason for my decision is that ….Please accept my sincere apology for 主旨once more.I can very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of ….Besides, please give my regards to eberyone.Sincerely yours,Li ming
介绍信
Dear …,Please allow me to take this opportunity to introduce 人, from university of 学校.I would be grateful for anything you could do for him to 干什么.人is an extremely enthusiastic and enterprising person.He has various practical experience for more than three years.I am sure that his participation will do a lot of help to your team.人 will be arriving here on … and he will soon go to visit you after arrival.You can introduce the overall development of 单位/组织 to him, and then explore the details of cooperation.My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words.Yours sincerely, Li ming
便签(请假条)
Dear…,I am afraid that I won’t be … tonight because … and I plan to ….I had wanted to tell you that in person but you are not back yet.So I have to leave this note for you.Besides I have ….So I won’t be ….Would you do me a favor by …in my … to the teacher? Thanks.Take care of yourself.Yours sincerely,Li ming
英
1、cartoon Nowadays,主旨has become a hot topic of the general public in our society especially for those who are faced with this situation.As is vividly illustrated in the pictures, SCO.The caption reads ,图下的标题翻译.On the contrary, SVO, we are informed that SVO.(this is …)
The cartoon descrikes a very common phenomenon in our society that SVO.The set of drawings above vividly depicts …
Having scrutinized the details of the pictures, we can discuss the implications.Subtly conveyed from it.This simple picture is wake-up call for the whole of then 发表评论:
Taking into account the factors above, we can safely draw a conclusion that SVO.On one hand, SVO.On the other hand, SVO.I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.举例:
After careful thinking and reflection, we come to understand the enlightening picture step by step.It can be given a concrete example, SVO.Another good case in point is that SVO.In my belief, 主旨 is extremely significant to all of us in our society.措施:
Then, how should we solve this problem? There may be of some measures which can be taken immediately.For one thing, we should appeal to the government to make relevant laws and regulations to 限主旨想相关.For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that 主题 is vital to us.Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future.英2 It is generally believed that 词 is a hot topic which is most talked about.As we can see from the table,第一图主旨 increased decreased sharply from 数字in 时间 to 数字 in 时间(第二图)steeply(slowly/slightly)while
This is something we should give more thought to.趋势:(正负面皆可)
Undoubtedly, the tendency reflected from the table / chart will undergo a continuous increase /decrease in the near future.The time is right for us to take full advantage for ample existing opportunities.We do, in fact, have a long way to go to reach our final goal, but achievring some remains well within the realm of possibility.健康问题(good health)
In order to possess a healthy body, not only need we keep a nutritious diet and adequate sleep, it is crucial for individuals to form the habit of exercising regularly.(如何做)
On the individual level, his exercise improve his health and mood as well.On the social level, the improvement in quality of life contributes vastly to a harmonious society.(意义)产品对消费者的伤害
对国家
On the micro level, consumers are vastly hurt by these products, which might even be life-threatening.On the macro level, if low-quality products continue to spread, they will damage the normal function of healthy market economy.虚假宣传
Their emergence dues to the negative effect of a growing market economy.False advertisement seems to be most convenient to attract clients and increase profit.Private cars(私家车)The majority of people indulge in the convenience brought by cars while forgetting their harmful impact on the atmosphere.To improve and beautify the environment / human exploitation of natural resources has caused destruction that is for beyond our imagination.教育
In my opinions, there needs to be a comprehensive renovation in the educational system in which new educational concepts are introduced.Only by new teaching methods can we cultivate children into talents and elites who will meet the requirements of our society.正直诚实:
好处:
1、enable honest person to succeed in work and life.获得成功
2、to work honestly to attain one’s life goal.实现人生目标
3、to enhance reputation of a country.坚持:(成功)
1、no accomplishment can be achieved in a short time, and success needs efferts.2、Success is founded on the basis of patient pursuit +定语从句 Olympic game 好处:
1、it can be a tremendous momentum pushing the country’s development
2、when equipped with willingness, spurring people to overcome any difficulty and conquer any challenge.献爱心(灾区、世博)好处、意义:
1、contributing money and other necessities to people in need is a goal way to express human love.It reflects the sense of social responsibility.2、It also express a feeling from deep with one’s heart.3、A harmonious society is based on a sound relationship, 文化交流
好处:
1、cultural exchanges can enhance international friendship.2、people can acquire better understanding of each other.3、can also greatly benefit the countries and stimulate their own social development and culture prosperity.繁荣:thrive/boom/flourish/blossom 人口问题 解决问题:
1、the awareness of struggling for one’s life is essential to the young man
2、parents indulge children in consumption with an objective outlook on money 交通事故
Traffic accidents have long been a problem and are becoming a severe problem 原因:
1、many drivers are forced to drive days and nights
2、a lot of people drive after drinking alcohol 城市发展与历史传承
A balanced economic development is not accompanied by sacrifice of history.1、historical sites are the treasure of our country’s glorious past.We must figure out a win-win method to promote sustainable development while retaining our cultural heritage.一、身体健康 锻炼 心理问题 减肥 知识分子 to develop good health 2 to keep regular exercise 3 to make more contributions to the society 4 to make do with bad diet 5 to neglect sports and exercise
二、职业道德及素质类 虚假宣传 假冒伪劣产品 排队 鼓掌 文明言行 文明交通 谦虚 宽容 医患矛盾 药品回扣诚信 豆腐渣 家庭作坊卫生 跳槽与商业机密 the sanitation problem of family workshops 2 the promise of one’s own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quit against professional morals(职业道德)3 low-quality products 4 the ignorance of sanitation 5 short of occupational disciplines 6 the false commercial advertising and promotion
三、工作就业前途 高薪
加班 技能 学历 自立自强 创业
To find(searchhunt)the right career;to display talent and capability;to be of real service to fellowmen and the country;to feel guilty in front of parents and family supporters;to encounter discrimination on the basis of sex or height or even birthplace;to despise jobs of lower social status and less income;to avoid the possibility of working in the rural areas
四、环境保护 动植物保护 保护森林 水污染 汽车尾气 沙尘暴 温室效应 节约资源 垃圾污染
The exhaustion of resources;pollutions from industrial production transform many clean rivers into undrinkable water.The convenience brought by cars, their harmful impact on the atmosphere.garbage output, such as plastics and glass.deforestation global warming, current greenhouse effect remains out of control human exploitation of natural resources
五、教育 上网成瘾 上网交友 青少年犯罪 个人隐私 出国留学 知识学术欺诈 望子成龙 拔苗助长 应试教育素质教育 考试作弊 相互攀比 名牌 浪费 课业负担 恋爱 兼职 占座 8090后 富二代 校园旅游 教育平等 独生子女 农民工子女 创新 迷信 溺爱 spoiled To concentrate limited resources on creative talents, or elite;
Enable students to possess better job skill;1 prepare students for future employment;2 to enhance the quality of population;to promote scientific and technological level;3 to prepare one for a better and more meaningful life rather than a job;one-child policy
migrant workers(农民工);impartial education opportunities overwhelming homework;quality education(素质教育)a comprehensive renovation
六、人生价值 创新 勇气 奋斗 勤俭 高瞻远瞩 奉献 浪费 社会公德 幸福观 勇敢 得与失 正直诚实 持之以恒 拼搏的奥运精神 读书 To be fair and upright;honest person;economical and simple life;to learn to be frugal;success derives from persistence Olympic motto read more books
七、情感 友谊 团队合作 teamwork and cooperation 帮助 selflessly offering help 让座 邻里关系 捐款献爱心
show love;provide assistance to others.Contributing money and other necessities to people who are in great need Eager to donate money to charity
八、交流文化 中西方文化 民族文化 老外过春节 老外学书法 学英语 城市发展与历史传承
a balanced economic development is not necessarily accompanied by the sacrifice of history.Participating in the annual celebration of the Chinese spring festival Practicing Chinese calligraphy(书法)Cultural exchanges;acquire better understanding of each other.The traditional Chinese culture.Pass down culture habit and treasure;absorb and assimilate traditional culture;reserve and spread brilliant diverse culture;be under the threat of extinction;be in great danger
九、人口增长 人口质量 小学生肥胖 养老与老龄化 性别比例
population aging;outdated and abandoned;to improve the living condition of the aging population;to respect and appreciate the aged;to provide safety and happiness the number of males outweighs that of females the population growth is almost out of control, the humans to live is increasingly circumscribed.十、家庭关系 养老 啃老
Young people are used to relying financially on their families
十一、社会热点 黄天和谐社会 学术腐败 可持续发展 抗争救灾众志成城 交通旅游 国际化 堵车 宠物 农业 酒后/疲劳驾车 黄金周旅游 traffic jams(堵车)the successful launch of the shenzhou-6 spaceship, our national strength and scientific competency.Traffic accidents;drive days and night with little rest;drive after drinking alcohol To keep domestic animals;to make family life more colorful and rich;to develop sense of responsibility and caring;to make people feel closer to the natural world;to spread disease and pollute living environment;to waste time and money;to scare and hurt people, kid and the aged alike
十二、法律 合法致富 经济发展 科技发展 网络 电子交通 传媒 动车
Get rich by legal means;be entitled to wealth and prosperity;stimulate people into hard working;reduce the gap;help the poor with better opportunities;make big money illegally;make this society insecure
网络好处:share individual viewpoints and insights;enable better and more efficient interpersonal communication;enjoy equal right t personal opinion;坏处:reveal and spread rumors;occupy and waste net space;follow trend and fashion;(help distinguish between right and wrong;offer proper guidance;check and restrict unhealthy content;create a clean and safe environment;mislead children by indecent content;indulge n violent act and aggressive behavior)
考研大,小作文的区别 篇2
那么, 材料作文与话题作文有什么区别呢?
一、表述不同
以下面两则作文题目为例进行比较:
1. 目前中国读书的人越来越少, 1999年60%, 2001年52%。
造成这个原因是多方面的。人们为什么不读书?中年人说没时间, 青年人说不习惯, 还有的人说买不起书。相反网上阅读的人越来越多, 1999年是3.7%, 2003年是18.3%。全面了解材料, 选择一个侧面或一个角度, 自己确定题目和问题, 不少于800字。———2006年全国高考题
2. 甲、乙两个好朋友吵架, 乙打了甲一拳, 甲在地上写了“今天我的好朋友打了我一拳”。
又一次外出时, 甲不小心掉进河里, 乙把他救了上来, 甲在石头上刻了“今天我的好朋友救了我一命。”乙问甲为什么要这样记录?甲说:“写在沙地上, 是希望大风帮助我忘记;刻在石头上, 是希望刻痕帮助我铭记”。以“忘记与铭记”为话题写一篇作文, 不少于800字。———2005年全国高考题
这两个作文题有什么不同呢?
2006年全国高考题中有“全面了解材料, 选择一个侧面或一个角度, 自己确定题目和问题”这样的提示语, 提示它是材料作文。一般而言, 材料作文的题干结构由材料、要求两部分组成, 题干中多有“读材料, 选角度, 写一篇作文”的字样。
2005年全国高考题中有“以‘忘与铭记’为话题”这样的提示语, 提示它是话题作文。一般而言, 话题作文的题干结构由材料、话题、要求三部分组成, 题干多有“读材料, 以什么为话题, 写一篇作文”的字样。
二、内涵不同
1. 材料作文, 是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料, 要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。
常见的材料作文有两种类型:一是文字材料, 如寓言、典故、现实生活事件等;二是图画材料:一幅或多幅, 多为漫画。要求我们根据所给材料, 按提示中对于文体、篇幅等的要求自拟题目作文, 所拟的文章标题、所写文章的内容, 都必须同所给材料、提示相关联。
2. 话题作文, 是用一段提示语, 指明写作范围, 启发思考, 激活想象的一种命题形式。
“话题”本身也是材料, 是谈话的中心, 为的是引出话题。话题作文与材料作文比较, 话题作文的审题更加宽松, 内容更加宽泛, 为写作提供了极其广阔的天地。其实质是鼓励创新, 让学生围绕同一谈话中心, 从不同角度、不同立场陈述各自的观点, 或者联想到经历、体验。
三、特点不同
1. 材料作文, 是在提供材料的基础上写作, 其作文的主题必须直接从材料中提炼、挖掘, 也就是说, 材料作文的主题是由材料决定的;并且材料必须应用到写作中, 行文也一定要紧扣材料进行 (不能脱离原材料) 。
2. 话题作文, 是以某一话题为范围写作, 其作文的主题则不必从材料中提炼, 而是从话题引发出来, 也就是说, 话题作文不明确规定主题, 只要求作文主题与“话题”相关;其材料的作用在于阐释话题, 启发学生作文思路, 材料本身既可以应用到写作中, 也可以不加采用 (可以脱离原材料) 。
四、审题立意不同
1. 材料作文审题立意时要注意:
(1) 读懂材料, 把握材料主旨; (2) 依据材料确定写作中心 (或论点) ; (3) 围绕中心 (或论点) 构思、写作。材料作文, 中心 (或论点) 必须直接从材料中提炼, 离开了材料就是离题。
如1986全国高考作文题:一棵树不能改变气候, 只有森林才能改变气候, 而形成一片森林又需要一定的条件。如果温度湿度适宜, 树木就迅速生长起来, 形成茂密的森林。大片森林的出现, 会使气候变得更好。这里说的是一种自然现象, 社会生活中的某些现象也有类似之处。请从现实生活中选择一个有意义的话题 (并非话题作文之“话题”) , 用上述现象作比喻, 发表自己的见解。副标题自定, 写在横线上。
作文题:树木、森林、气候———谈
【提示】这是材料作文。材料的主题是“量的积累必然引起质的飞跃”, 属于量变质变范畴的哲学问题。如果将这一观点直接用作论点显然不容易动笔, 因此, 我们要进行联想, 拟出副题, 完成由抽象概念到具体生活实际的过渡。
2. 同一个材料, 只要命题者稍加改动, 就会成为不同的作文题。我们看下面一则材料:
青少年好思考问题, 渴望以真实平常的心和社会对话, 和父母对话, 和老师对话, 和自己的同龄人对话, 甚至跟大自然对话。
(1) 请以“对话”为话题, 写一篇作文。
(2) 请根据这则材料, 联系实际, 写一篇作文。
【提示】 (1) 是话题作文的命题。这则短文是对青少年心态特点的表述, 是提出“对话”这个话题的背景, 并不限制作文必须写青少年与另一方对话。作文时, 真正起作用的是“对话”这个话题, 只要所写的是有关“对话”的情境、故事、价值意义的探讨或者方法、技巧的研究、介绍, 都可以。要求:要紧扣“对话”一词, 一是表明是双方的交流;二是有声的言语或无声的心语。 (2) 是材料作文的命题。命题明确要求“根据这则材料”, 这则材料的中心是青少年渴望交流、渴望理解, 作文就限制了要写青少年的群体或个体, 不能主要去写成年人;只能写交流理解, 不能写努力学习、追求理想等任何别的东西。
文学创作与学生作文的区别 篇3
一、写作源起不同
应试作文是别人要你写;文学创作是自己按捺不住想倾诉。应试作文题是老师或出题专家命制好的,学生在进考场之前根本不知道作文题是什么。也就是说,在应试作文面前,学生是没有理由说“不”的,你愿意也好不愿意也好,对命题的理解程度深也好浅也好,反正你都要写,不写就不得分。而在日常教学中,教师为了让学生适应应试,也大都采取这种应试式的“突然袭击”。作文题临时布置,要求学生当场写。文学创作则不同,你愿意写,并且是很想写才写,否则你大可不必勉强自己,使自己受罪。
二、写作目的不同
应试作文是为了应试需要,教师每命制一个作文题,都要考虑如何考查学生的思想思维水平、语言表达能力和综合发展档次等,也就是思想性、语言性、发展性等,因此学生在应试时。务必要揣摩出题者的出题意图,努力写出符合出题者出题意图的文章,才能让批阅老师给出高分。应试作文的功利非常明显,力求在规定的字数内把自己的写作意图表达清楚,并且力求展示出自己的才华,以讨得老师的欢心。文学创作是为了情感表达需要而动笔的,既没人下任务,也没有人在一旁督促,写完了,情感渲泄完了,目的就基本上达到了,并不一定要有人读,更不必找什么人来评价。当然,文学创作的作品如果投稿,会有稿费,而且确有一些人为了稿费而写作,但那不是文学创作的原生态——文学创作的原生态可能是渲泄和立言传世,稿费是后来的事情。比如,曹雪芹作《红缕梦》,肯定没想过要赚多少稿费,而凌蒙初写《三言》也肯定没想到会得多少钱。文学创作完成后,作者先是“偷着乐”,然后是考虑作品长远的人文保存需要。
三、阅读对象不同
一个是一定要给别人读,读者是比自己年长而且比自己知识面更宽的老师;一个是不一定要有读者,如果公之于世则读者是社会老老少少的社会民众。由于读者不同,在写的时候会有不同的心态。比如,你在写作文时,脑海里时常自觉或不自觉地浮现出你的语文老师的影子。我这样写,可不可以呢?能得多少分?你会有一种征询一下语文老师的冲动。文学创作则不然,它的读者各种各样,你无法预计是谁,于是你干脆可以不考虑读者,你只要更多地把自己想表达的东西表达出来就行,等写成之后,我们再来考虑读者,再作适当的修改。当然,一个成熟的作家和初学者不同,他可以两步同时进行。
四、写作手法不同
这是从上述不同中生发出来的不同,也是最根本的不同。
①应试作文是别人事先命制好的文题,文章立意力求符合命题者的命题意图,力求把命题者的心理希翼阐释透彻,因而它有且只有一个或几个最佳审题思路;文学创作是在来无影去无踪的生活中的灵感喷发,不必要有事先的充分准备,是自己对生活的哲理感悟或情感体验,这种感悟和体验有时没有明确的指向。可以边写边提炼。
②应试作文要根据老师的好恶选择文体,确定文章的结构,力求写出令人信服的共性的东西;文学创作要根据自己的好恶选择形式。结构力求与别人不一样,力求达到独特而又能打动人的效果。
③应试作文的语言力求规范,符合大众的阅读习惯;文学创作的语言可以多样化,侧重表达出自己的特色。
④应试作文是为了临时表达需要,因此只要“看上去很美”就行;文学创作是为了相对长远保存需要,因此需要深刻的人文性,要经得住时空检验和推敲。
⑤应试的记叙文偏向于文学创作,没有固定格式,因此,记叙文要写好很难。判分也不容易。应试的议论文则有相对固定的格式。只要按照格式写,往往能得到稳定的分数。
⑥另外。应试作文是在规定的时间里完成规定字数的写作,不允许有太多的思考,写起来应力求轻车熟路,以前写过的材料、观点等,可重复使用,力求简洁明白而又不失才华。文学创作的写作时间相对充裕,思维想象也可以展开来,因而可以写得很有文采。
五、文学创作对应试作文的有益影响
①文学创作可以使应试作文更富于真情实感。文学作品是以真情实感为基本要义的,经常进行文学创作的人,自然会受到迁移影响,写起应试作文来,也会尽可能地把自己内心的真实感受写出来,这样的应试作文,更能打动评卷老师。
②文学创作可以使应试作文哲理更深刻。文学创作讲究含蓄,含蓄不等于主题不明,而是更明。因为含蓄可以使读者读完之后陷入沉思,沉思之后就能获得更强烈的共鸣。应试作文虽然不需要太含蓄,而且太含蓄也不好,但适当的含蓄可增加文章主题的深刻性。
③文学创作可以使应试作文语言更生动。文学创作的语言力求个性和丰富性,经常进行文学创作的人,写起应试作文来,一定能得心应手,想写啥就能写好啥,而不是心里想着那个事物,笔头写出来时却和心里想的大不一样。
考研大,小作文的区别 篇4
来源:智阅网
考研英语写作一直是大家的难点和痛点,今天我们来详细的分析一下考研大纲的具体要求,化繁为简,认真分析作文考察的每一个类型,然后有针对性的练习,一定会有所突破,攻克写作。
在考研英语各大题型中,占分比重最高的是阅读理解(满分40分),紧随其后的是写作部分。其中,英语一写作满分30分(小作文10分,大作文20分),英语二写作满分25分(小作文10分,大作文15分)。相比于对阅读理解的重视程度,考生们普遍不太重视英语写作的复习,究其原因无外乎是没有写作思路,不知道如何遣词造句,或者觉得自己练习收效甚微,因此不愿意坚持练习。其实,只要考生们进行行之有效的练习,写作部分都能拿到不错的得分率。那么,怎么练习才是有效的呢?
在进行练习之前,考生首先需要知道《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》(以下简称“《大纲》”)对考研英语写作部分的相关规定,因为这是命题的依据,也是考生复习的参照物。《大纲》规定,写作部分包括A、B两节,其中A节要求考生根据所给情景写出约100词的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等,B节要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇约200词(英语二要求约150词)的短文,提示信息的形式为主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
根据上述《大纲》规定,考生可以初步判断出,英语大小作文的命题侧重点有所差异:小作文注重作文的功能性考查,而大作文则突出学术性。命题侧重点不同就要求考生在备考练习时需要有不同的复习思路,以提高自己的备考效率。结合考研英语一写作真题(2000-2017年)以及考研英语二写作真题(2010-2017年),我们可以确定的是,英语一二小作文考查的类型主要分为两大类:书信类和告知类。其中,书信类包含了建议信、投诉信、咨询信、推荐信、求职信、申请信、道歉信、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信等10多种,告知类只有通知一种形式。大作文方面,英语一在过去18年中一直在考查图画作文,而英语二大作文一直为图表作文。上述每种类型的作文都有各自的写作特点及注意事项,其中大小作文之间的差异尤为明显,因此考生在备考练习时要分类练习。
一、小作文部分:
考生首先要掌握小作文的审题步骤。首先依据letter,email,notice等判断应用文类型是书信还是通知。如果是书信的话,需要依据关键词进一步判断其为哪种书信(如看到inquire,ask for advice about等关键词可以初步判断出其为咨询信),如果是通知的话就简单了。而后是确认收信人信息(对方为具体的某个人还是机构、部门),选用不同的称谓表达。之后是写作内容,最后是署名部分。书信类署名一般为“Li Ming”,而通知署名一般为一个单位,如2010年英语一小作文考查的是一则通知,其署名为“Postgraduates’ Association”(“研究生会”)。
因为小作文属于“麻雀虽小,五脏俱全”,每句话都有其对应的要点,可以理解为没有废话。实际考试中,有相当一部分考生在小作文写作时看似写了很多,最终得分却不理想,根本原因就是写作时没有要点意识,想到哪儿写到哪儿,遗漏了很多得分点。因此,完成审题步骤后,考生需要掌握每一类应用文的写作思路及每段的信息要点。前述小作文的信息要点均有所不同,需要考生分类整理、记忆及运用。如,2017年考研英语一小作文考查的是推荐信,向新来的James Cook教授推荐你所在城市的一些旅游景点,并给出推荐理由。较好的写作思路是:分为三段,第一段表明写信目的,交代自己和要介绍的景点有关联,第二段写这些景点值得推荐的具体资格,并附上相关理由,第三段表示期待,期待自己的推荐对对方有所帮助。也就是说,这篇小作文有5个信息要点,缺少其中任一个要点均会被扣掉相应分数,因此,考生需注意每一类应用文的信息要点。
此外,小作文还注重格式问题,如果格式上不符合要求,则基本拿不到及格分(6分)以上的成绩。如,书信类在格式上可以选用缩进式或者齐头式,而通知类只能用缩进式;书信类结尾处一定有Sincerely yours等礼貌用语,而通知则无礼貌用语;书信类无标题,而通知要求考生必须自拟标题。
二、大作文部分:
相比于小作文,大作文考查形式要简单的多,英语一考查图画作文,而英语二为图表作文。但简单并不代表容易,考生在备考练习大作文时要注意的地方依然很多。比如,在大作文写作方面,《大纲》提出了明确的要求,我们将其总结为如下这16个字:语言准确,内容完整,组织连贯,语言多样。语言准确包括词汇、语法、标点三个方面,考生一般都清楚词汇、语法方面需要注意的细节,而往往忽略标点符号的问题,从而出现了在英语作文中使用书名号(“《》”)等问题。这是考生一定要警惕的问题。此外,相比于小作文,大作文还注重对考生语言表达方面的考查,即同样的汉语意思,用词多样、句式多变的英语版本就能拿到较高分数,而用词平淡、句式单一的话只能是较低分数。
此外,图画作文和图表作文的备考重点也有所不同。图画作文首先需要判断是一幅图还是两幅图,如果是两幅图的话,还要分析其内容是相反还是相似,然后采用不同的描图流程。而图表作文则首先需判断题目中所附图标为动态图还是静态图,动态图主要分析其变化,而静态图则侧重阐释其差异之处。在阐释图画作文的图画寓意时,考生首先要分析其为哪种话题(是社会问题,抽象品质,还是社会现象?),然后选用不同的分析思路;同样地,在第三段写作时也需要针对性地提出相关建议。而图表作文一般反映某种社会现象,因此其第二段一般可从原因角度或者影响角度对前述的变化或差异进行分析,并据此得出第三段的结论。
考研大,小作文的区别 篇5
“年年岁岁题相似,岁岁年年题不同”,这句话最好诠释了近10年考研英语大作文的特点。2010年1月9日下午的英语考试刚刚落下帷幕,广大考研学子还要为明天的专业课或数学考试做最后的拼搏。在经历了从08年连续三年大作文部分比较容易审题之后,今年的考生也普遍感觉大小作文和往年一样难度适中,体现在大家都觉得有话可说。广大考生只要认真回忆我们启航强化和冲刺课堂上讲授的话题和背诵内容,就会发现此次大小作文命题都是属于我们课堂上分析过的图画作文,及有关通知内容模板的写法。下面来分析一下今年的大小作文,并提供范文供大家参考。
从05年到09年,小作文已经测试过辞职信(道歉信)、请求信和建议信的写法,08年重考了偏向于与私人交流的道歉信,09年小作文接着又重考了考生对建议信的写作。可以这么说,近两年的小作文都是再测试以往考过的话题。而今年2010年的小作文还是照搬近几年一贯的出题方式----书信写作,并没有测试今年在广大考生中流传的摘要的写法。
2010年的小作文要求以研究生的名义写一封通知,通知的内容是为全球一体化的国际会议招募志愿者,这个通知必须包括申请者的基本职位及你认为相关的其它信息。通知信件具体内容要求考生自由发挥的余地较大,考生可以思考出一些具体要求。首先,我们按照书信的一贯写法,开门见山地说出有一次全球化会议需要招聘志愿者。至于基本职位,因为是国际会议,所以我们自然而言地想出,会议的第一个要求是语言要求,要求能说英语或更多其它语言。同时要求申请者具备一些好的品质,比如耐心,乐于助人,有爱心等。然后再把具体的联系地址和下一步的要求说清楚就行。下面是我们提供的一个参考范文。
一.小作文部分
Directions:
You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’ Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative。You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “ Postgraduates’ Association ” instead.参考范文
Volunteers Wanted/Needed
An international conference on globalization will be held in the coming winter vacation.This conference will be organized by the Postgraduates’ Association.At present we will recruit 10 volunteers to work as assistants for this
conference.The applicants are required to speak English fluently.Those who can speak another foreign language such as French or Japanese are preferable.In addition to the language skills, those volunteers are expected to be patient, helpful, open-minded with a loving heart.The volunteers will be provided free three meals a day as well as transportation from and back to the conference site.Those who are interested in working as volunteers, please send your resume and application letter to the e-mail address postgraduateassociation@163.com.The Postgraduates’ Association will contact those chosen candidates for an interview before Febulary, 1.We are sincerely waiting for you to join us!
Postgraduates’ Association
二.大作文
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and,3)give your comments.正如我们所料,2010年的大作文还是考了我们所预测的图画作文,这是考研历史上第11次考图画作文了。字数要求在160--200词。图画作文往往是一张抽象而意味深长的图片或漫画,有时让人很难理解。今年的图画只有一张图,但主题明显直接。图画中间是一个火锅,火锅里面写满了很多汉字,比如佛,功夫,解构,礼,后现代,老舍,莎士比亚,爱因斯坦,道,仁,京剧等许多代表中国和外国文化的东西。把这些东西放在一起,就意味着中西文化融合在一起,特别是下面的文字提示:文化“火锅”,既美味又营养。能更好地帮助我们理th
解图画的主题:即文化融合Cultural integration的问题。可以说这也是一个考研永恒的话题,这个话题在2002考研作文里面出现过,可以说是同一个主题。
考研大作文多年来关注的是对青少年思想品德方面的教育,比如:01年要培养爱心;02年要把民族文化发扬光大;03年要学会自立自强;04年要与时俱进;05年要孝敬父母;06年关于偶像崇拜;07年的自信;08的合作与团结,09年人们普遍关心的网络问题。从中我们可以看得出命题专家们对教育年轻一代的良苦用心。所以我们可以概括出大作文的命题规律是有关青年人成长的问题居多,另外就是社会上的一些热点或人们普遍关心的话题。这一点对2011年考生的作文备考有很大帮助。
在写大作文时,第一段需要简短描述图画的内容。今年的图画中的火锅hot pot,以及代表中国文化的许多东西,考生没必要一一翻译出来,自己量力而行,选择几个有代表性的东西翻译出来就行。第二段需要阐释图画寓意,其实就是让我们分析文化的融合和交流问题这一现象。可以分析其中的原因,但是只能涉及文化融合带来的好处,不能谈到它所带来的坏处。最后一段应该表明作者本人对文化融合和交流这种现象的态度或看法。
【作文思路】
按照我们课堂上的写作方法,可以这样来展开描述和议论。第一段为传统的图画描述段,根据图画中的具体信息,尤其是下面的文字说明,进行直接描述。比如可以运用我们冲刺课堂上传授的精彩句型 “Whoever in front of this cartoon/drawing/picture will be greatly impressed.How amusing and interesting it is!What is vividly illustrated in the painting above is that currently cultural integration is highly pervasive in China.(对漫画笼统地描述)。然后再补上后面的文字解释说明:The caption(图画中的文字)indicates that Chinese culture is like a hot pot, which is both tasty and nutritious.”属经典的开头套话。在描述中,不可缺少的主题相关词包括“ cultural integration(文化融合)”, 及许多代表中国文化特色的东西,“ Beijing opera, Daoism, Gongfu, Shakespeare, Einstain, 等与“文化”有关的词汇。
第二段要求阐释漫画背后所隐藏的深刻社会意义并加以分析理由。在这一段首句可以直接采用” Simply designed as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is deep and profound.It is, most likely, that the drawer intends not only to present the fact to us but also to set us thinking about its social significance。在句型运用方面,可以考虑使用启航课堂上反复提到的必杀词组“The foremost and the most striking
influence of it,As is universally acknowledged,和What makes things even better等。第三段阐述自己的一些看法或想法,发挥它的长处,来使我们的生活更快乐和有意义。参考范文
考研大,小作文的区别 篇6
现在企业想要办理400电话除了需要看好是否是正规的代理商外,还需要注意的是代理商的平台也是要慎重选择的。现在代理商的400电话平台都有着大小平台这么一给说法,每个人对于这些大小平台的说法都不一样,大部分人都说大平台比较好,但是还是有一部分人也说小平台好,那么究竟什么样的才是大平台呢?怎么样的又算是小平台呢?
我们以前来了解一下什么是什么是大平台、小平台?根据某些网站的定义,所谓大平台,相当于从运营商直接办理,质量稳定,可以绑定3个固话,没有后台,可以提供账单甚至清单,但是是打印的,话费预付费;所谓小平台,是代理商自己的平台,可以绑定固话和手机,20部以内都可以绑定,有后台,无账单,但可在后台查看账单,话费预付费。
那么大平台和小平台有什么区别?其实,根本就没有大平台和小平台之说。大平台就是小平台,产品都是一个产品,无非是代理商的营销手法,让大家感觉大平台是直接从运营商办理,质量更好。
400号码同手机号码一样,只有运营商才能开通,要想开通必须通过运营商的审核,录入运营商系统。所以,通过小平台开通的客户均可放心,您的号码如果开通,就保证终身是您的号码,除非您注销不用,或欠费几个月被运营商停掉。既然400号码和手机、固话号码一样,都是运营商开通的,可想而知,400电话走的线路都是运营商的固网线路。无非有一点,400电话既然有平台,需要经过经过运营商合作商的端口网关。
目前用户可以根据自己的实际要求来选择平台,有功能需求的客户建议选择有后台的400电话。这样修改东西可以时时生效,快速便捷,也提高了进线的监控。对销售团队管理是必要的。
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