英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True

英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True（精选10篇）

英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True 篇1

大学英语演讲稿大学英语演讲稿大学英语演讲稿大学英语演讲稿:面对压力面对压力面对压力面对压力 来源: 听力课堂作者:sunjianfei更新日期：2010-12-28浏览: 647次 Good morning , boys and girls.I am pu lijuanand glad to give you a speech about stress.Psychologist tell us that stress is a state of worry caused by the problem of living , such as too much work or study , heavy responsibilities.Statistics show that stress comes from every detail in our life.Financial problems , poor health , being laid off may be the stress that most adults now are suffering.As students in the university , we are also under our special stress.While study , having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadline may put a great pressure on us.And the things that make us felt stressed may be our parents’s greater expectations on us than we could reach.Later , when we are likely to graduate , some other problems will also annoy us.I think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job

英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True 篇2

一、“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛命题特点对英语演讲课教学的启示

英语公众演讲作为一门实践课程,因局限于大班授课,理论讲解多、实践机会少;又局限于校园学习,社会公众演讲机会少,让英语公众演讲课的教学效果大打折扣,学生的演讲能力和素养的提高也止步不前。而每当笔者带领学生参加“外研社杯”比赛时,会明显感觉到大赛的要求,尤其是命题特点对英语公众演讲课有着重大的意义。我们发现“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛具有命题的即席性、思辨性和综合性三大特点。在此基础上深入研究,必将使课堂焕发出新的生机和活力,为课程教学内容的选择和呈现带来崭新的思维和创意。

(一)即席性特点的启示

大赛即席性的特点让学生产生一种疑问:既然比赛都是即兴而为,那是否就不需准备了呢?在实际培训过程中,许多指导老师也倾向于指导定题演讲为主,而对于即兴演讲、辩论等环节却不够重视,总觉得无法准备。Bytwerk也指出,虽然即兴演讲是日常交流中使用最频繁的演讲方式,但它却是公众演讲教科书中最被忽略的部分[2]。

即兴演讲亦是已备演讲。大赛的即席性特点恰恰反映了平时的准备性需求。定题演讲的准备性自然不言而喻,就即兴演讲而言,虽然每年的命题主题都不相同,但有一点是确定的,那就是话题的范围是相对稳定的,每年都会出现的话题包括大学校园生活、电脑网络科技、社会热点问题等。另外,话题的命题方式也呈现出一种稳定的趋势:在省赛区复赛多为短语与短句,在全国决赛则或为名人名言、或为录像片段,或为事件描述。回答问题虽是即兴的,但也是针对选手本人定题演讲和即兴演讲的内容而提出,至于总决赛的即兴演讲题目则在每年的大赛章程发布时就已同时公布了。

因此,在短短的几分钟准备时间之内(有些即兴问答环节甚至根本没有准备时间),选手需要对给出的题目进行现象描述和本质的分析,然后选取恰当的语言表现出来,可以看出,选手最需要做的是整理思绪,将题目与平时的积累联系,是已备知识的再呈现。如果平时没有积累,在赛场上即使有更多的准备时间那也是徒然。因此,大赛的即席性首先带给我们教学理念的更新,英语学习应是终身学习习惯的培养。

大赛的即席性也带给我们演讲课堂教学行动的更新,我们应以演讲的能力目标为单元进行训练。根据演讲的语言、结构、思路、论证材料等能力目标,在一个单元时间内(如1个月)给出同一演讲话题,要求学生使用不同的语言表达、不同的演讲结构、不同的演讲思路以及不同的论证材料来进行循环训练。通过这样的训练模式,学生对大量的演讲话题都能做到有话可说,言之有理,言之有据,观点多元。在课程的考试评价环节,我们也应考核学生的即兴演讲能力,而不仅仅是已备演讲能力。即兴演讲能力的考核也可以通过已备演讲来实现。因此,在演讲课程考核环节可以采用以下步骤:

Step1已备演讲(2分钟),考核前1-2周,老师提前给3-5个已备演讲话题让学生准备;考核时让学生从中临场抽取一个话题进行已备演讲。

Step2即兴问答(2分钟),老师临场针对已备演讲的内容提问,学生即兴回答;如果有必要,老师可以进一步提问。

Step3总结陈述(1分钟),学生对于已备演讲及即兴问答部分的表现予以总结陈述。

(二)思辨性特点的启示

黄源深早在1998年也指出了外语师生的思辨缺席问题[3]。文秋芳等也指出外方评委通常以听懂意义为前提来判断选手的演讲能力,而中方评委对选手所犯的个别低级语法错误给予过多的关注,有以点带面的倾向。同时指出中国教师对思想内容的交流重视不够[4]。近年来,虽然外语课堂对于思辨能力的培养有了一些关注,但重视度仍远远不够,尤其是对作为战略性沟通的公众演讲来说,thinkwhile we speak应是一种常态。这就给我们的演讲教学提出了一个非常重要的问题:我们的演讲教学如何体现思辨性的特点?首先,我们应该培养学生的思辨意识与思辨习惯。学生不会思辨,首先是因为他们不知何为思辨,为何要思辨,思辨与演讲有何关系?因此,“思辨意识是第一步的,或先于思辨技能发展的。”[5]其次,我们要提供学生思辨训练的机会。一般情况下,英语公众演讲表现为演讲者在说,听众被动地听,最多加上一些互动反馈(feedback)与交流。而在笔者的演讲课堂则采用了以下步骤[5]:

Step1演讲前的准备环节,包括收集材料、整理归类、识别选择等分析过程;

Step2演讲稿的写作环节,包括提出假设、阐述观点、步步论证等推理过程;

Step3演讲的进行环节,包括以上分析与推理的应用与实现过程;

Step4听众的反馈环节,包括理解记忆、提问质疑、归纳总结、评价反思过程;

Step5演讲者的反思环节,包括改进与再创造过程。

以上五大步骤步步思辨,环环相扣,尤其是第4步听众的提问、评价与总结环节更是让学生充当的不仅仅只是一名听众,更是参与者、评价者、批判者。这也是有学者把critical thinking skills译为“批判性思维”的原因所在。正如白岩松坦言:“回想我的大学时代,有许多讲座开拓了视野,不一定是接受演讲者的观点,而是因为反对,才有了收获。”[6]

(三)综合性特点的启示

英语演讲比赛不仅仅只是语言的比拼,更是综合实力的竞争。王守仁教授,曾指导刘欣参加“21世纪杯”全国大学生英语演讲比赛,坦言:“对参赛学生来说,全国大学生英语演讲比赛是一种全方位的考验,要求具备出色的英语语言表达能力、机智灵活的应变能力、清晰的思辨力以及良好的心理素质。”[7]

针对外研社杯的综合性命题特点,我们的演讲教学应实现“两多”:

一是多读。读经典,看时尚。读经典,宿玉荣等人在《英语演讲比赛参赛指南》一书中就推荐了罗素的《西方哲学史》、汉默顿的《世上最伟大的思想精华》、林语堂的《孔子的智慧》等中外经典著作[8]。看时尚,关心关注生活中、社会上发生的时尚热点与焦点。立足传统,放眼国际。在阅读中,既要阅读China Daily,21st century等国内主流英文媒体,也要涉猎Times,Economist等西方英文报刊杂志。

二是多讲。针对大赛的综合性特点,我们应以演讲的话题为单元进行系统训练。在一个单元时间内(如1个月)给出不同演讲话题,话题的主题既要关注中国传统文化的传承,也要具备国际化的视野。既要勇于思考、又要善于思考,逐步形成良好的观点关注意识,并以恰当的语言予以表现。

二、结语

英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True 篇3

结构清楚，逻辑清晰

由于公共演讲的听众一般有数十人甚至数百、数千人，再加上演讲环境的不确定性（比如观众的欢呼或者抱怨），演讲者最好在进入主题之后马上给出所讲内容的框架结构，使听众能跟随演讲者的思路，更好地预判整个演讲内容，以达到良好的演讲效果。比如，乔布斯在2005年斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲中，开篇稍微寒暄之后就进入正题：“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.”听众马上能对演讲内容做出预判——今天会听到乔布斯谈三点，然后他们会关注具体是哪三点。这种演讲就具备了“以观众为中心”的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中分别提到，“The first story is about connecting the dots.”“My second story is about love and loss.”“My third story is about death.”。由于演讲思路非常明晰，听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新。

当然，演讲稿在结构方面的逻辑顺序有许多种，乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照话题顺序和时间顺序来安排的。除此之外，还有空间顺序、“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的顺序等。大家可以根据不同演讲内容的需要来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和整体结构。

开篇出彩，吸引听众

演讲稿的开篇往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计。在写作开篇时，演讲者需要结合听众特点、演讲场合和演讲主题等因素，争取在一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣。下面笔者就介绍一下基本的演讲开篇模式，供大家写作演讲稿时参考。

演讲稿开篇的目的是吸引听众。乔布斯在他的演讲稿开篇使用的是“关联话题与听众”的方式。这是一种比较有效的方法，因为人们一般对自己的事情都很关注，和自己相关的事情也会格外留意。乔布斯在演讲开篇说道：“I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told， I never graduated from college. And this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学——这就是在与听众发生关联。乔布斯就是通过这种方式让听众一开始就对他产生好感或对他的演讲内容产生兴趣。当然，乔布斯还用了适当的幽默，使自己与听众的关系变得更为融洽。

除了乔布斯的这种开篇方式外，我们还需要了解和掌握其他一些开篇方式。①指出演讲话题的重要性。比如要做一场关于“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲，演讲者在一开始就可以指出该演讲对于听众今后的学习、工作将会有很大帮助，甚至可以给出一些数据和实例，让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是一个损失，这样听众就会乐于认真听演讲了。②使听众感到震惊。例如要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲，开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据，让听众看到生活方式不健康将会产生多么可怕的后果，这样的震惊能够使听众快速调整状态，投入到听演讲中去。③引起听众的好奇心。演讲者可以在开篇指出一种特别的现象，听众出于好奇就会认真听演讲，想知道演讲者如何分析或解释。④向听众提问。演讲者可以在开篇提出一个问题，这样可以引发听众的思考，也会引导他们去听演讲者如何解答问题。此外，也可以在开篇引用一段名言，或是讲述一个故事等，这些基本的开篇方式被无数的演讲者证明是实用而且有效的。

观点明确，支撑有效

毫无疑问，在演讲稿中，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也最大。如何清晰地阐释演讲者的观点或演讲要点，如何用相关事实有效地支撑演讲者的各个论点或要点，是演讲稿主体段写作时应该把握的关键。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中明确给出了三个要点：① The first story is about connecting the dots；② My second story is about love and loss；③ My third story is about death。为了清晰、有效地阐述自己想要表达的这三个要点，他运用了三种手段。首先是举例子。乔布斯在演讲中运用了大量的事例来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡。比如他说自己读书时旁听有意思的书法课程，这些课在当时对他没什么实质帮助，但是十年后在他设计第一款Macintosh电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他演讲的第一个要点——串起生命中的点滴。另一个手段是引用。乔布斯在演讲中引用了一些名言警句来阐述自己的观点。比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言：“If you live each day as if it was your last， someday you’ll most certainly be right.”这句话表明了他对于生命和死亡的看法，使听众印象深刻。第三个手段是数据支持。在讲第二个故事——关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用了一系列数据来支撑自己的观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为“Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard， and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We’d just released our finest creation—the Macintosh—a year earlier， and I’d just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。

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结尾有“道”，画龙点睛

演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用，要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢？首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文结尾”的方式，达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道：“Stewart （编注：即Stewart Brand，《全球概览》杂志创始人） and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog， and then when it had run its course， they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s， and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road， the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now， as you graduate to begin anew， I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”（求知若渴，虚怀若谷），而且重复三遍，强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。

除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式，常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种。①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理，加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是Patrick Henry的演讲“Liberty or Death”。 他在结尾时说道：“Is life so dear， or peace so sweet， as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery？ Forbid it， Almighty God！ I know not what course others may take； but as for me， give me liberty， or give me death！”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述，这是体现演讲内在统一性的经典形式，值得借鉴。

为了更加有效地掌握文中讲到的写作演讲稿的要点，笔者建议大家做到三点。①多看。多看一些演讲素材，比如名人演讲、演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等，积累大量的一手素材；也有必要阅读一些关于英语公共演讲的书籍，笔者在此推荐Stephen E. Lucas的《演讲的艺术》（The Art of Public Speaking）一书。②多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因，可以从笔者上面讲的几点入手分析。③多练。在有了一定的积累之后，要大量练习写作演讲稿，话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取，这样练习起来会更有兴趣和成就感。

英语演讲稿：高中英语演讲稿 篇4

As everyone knows, People can get much information through the Internet. Meanwhile, people are also clearly aware of its disadvantages, but some children don’t realize they sometimes make friends with bad people online.

In my opinion, people can use the Internet to make friends, download useful materials and go shopping online. It’s really very helpful. However, there are also many disadvantages about the Internet. If you can’t use it correctly, it may be harmful to you. In junior middle school, I was once crazy about playing online games and I couldn’t control myself. As a result, my study results were getting from bad to worse. Besides, if you believe whatever your friends say online, you will be cheated by them some day, I think.

英语演讲稿：怎样学好英语？ 篇5

How to Study English Well? Hello, everyone!My name is________.I am from Class ______, Grade 8 of Huaqiao Middle School.Of all the subjects, I like English best.Today I am going to introduce you some good ways to study English well.interest” is the best teacher.If you enjoy something, you will do it well.English is not just boring words and grammars.You can make it more interesting.If you love singing songs, you can learn about how to sing some English songs;If you are a movie fan, you can choose some English movies like Kungfu Panda;If you like reading books, you can try to read some famous books in English, such as Robinson Crusoe, Little Women, and Tom Sawyer.If you are good at computers, you may surf the Internet and learn the most popular English.In this way, English will be much funnier for you.Second, to learn English well, listening, speaking, reading and writing are important.For listening, you may listen to some tapes every day.It helps you speak more like a foreigner;For speaking, you should often speak English with your teachers and friends, even you can make friends with foreigners;For reading, you should read English every morning;As for writing, you had better keep a diary.Write down what happened every day.All in all, practice makes your English perfect.Third, dictionary is a good helper.When you meet some words you don’t know, you can look up them in the dictionary.It tells you not only the meanings, but also how to use them in sentences.Now, dictionaries are not just book ones.We can look up a word on a mobile phone or a computer.Actually, there are many ways to learn English well.But not every one is suit for you.If you find the ones that suit for you, you will learn English better and faster.These are the advice I introduce to you.I hope they are useful for your English study, and you will make more progress in the future.That’s all, thank you for your

英语演讲稿两分钟：我爱英语 篇6

may I have your attention，please? I am glad to be able to give a lecture on this classroom. This once, I want to talk about English. My topic of conversation is that I love English.

As everyone knows, English is very important today. It has been used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. If we can speak English well, we will have more chance to succeed. Because more and more people have taken notice of it, the number of the people who go to learn English has increased at a high speed.

But for myself, I learn English not only because of its importance and its usefulness, but also because of my love for it. When I learn English, I can feel a different way of thinking which gives me more room to touch the world. When I read English novels, I can feel the pleasure from the book which is different from reading the translation. When I speak English, I can feel the confident from my words. When I write English, I can see the beauty which is not the same as our Chinese...

I love English; it gives me a colorful dream. I hope I can travel around the world one day. With my good English, I can make friends with many people from different countries. I can see many places of great interests. I dream that I can go to London, because it is the birth place of English.

I also want to use my good English to introduce our great places to the English spoken people, I hope that they can love our country like us.

I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.

If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday, it will love me too.

I am sure that I will realize my dream one day! Thank you!

英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True 篇7

一独立学院英语专业口语教学存在的问题

1. 独立学院英语专业学生英语基础知识较差

独立学院英语专业的学生和二本英语专业的学生比较而言, 高考录取分数线低了30~40分。英语知识的系统性较差, 在听说读写译等方面还存在一定的薄弱环节。学生本身的素质差是构成学生口语难以提高的一个根本原因。

2. 英语口语教学计划与教学方法没有体现独立学院的特色

由于独立学院是一种新生产物, 教学目标与定位不明确, 教师教学时没有把适合独立学院学生特点的教学方法带到课堂中。教师教学还是采用与一本、二本同样的教材以及教学方法, 教师在进行口语教学时缺乏趣味性, 一些学生不愿开口练习, 这就难以提高他们的口语能力。

3. 教师队伍层次不齐

“大学不在于大楼而在于大师”。独立学院有“大楼”, 很少有“大师”。独立学院英语口语老师有一部分是来自母体学校, 有一部分是刚刚毕业的硕士毕业生, 有一部分是外教。独立学院的学生, 个性强烈、自我意识强, 但团队合作意识差, 在学习上遇到困难容易退缩, 对自我要求较低。对于具有自身鲜明特点的独立学院的学生来说, 无论是母体学校的教授还是刚毕业的硕士或外教, 他们还不能很好地因材施教。独立学院的学生需要教师更多的情感上的关怀。

针对独立学院学生的特点以及现存的英语口语教学问题, 如何通过英语演讲来提高独立学院英语专业学生的口语能力, 笔者提出以下建议。

二英语口语教学与英语演讲

1. 英语演讲在英语专业口语课堂上的教学

第一, 选择实用性强、趣味性强的教材, 并加强英语基础知识的学习。教材的选用非常重要, 难易度适中, 才能让独立学院英语专业的学生在课堂中学到一些关键的表达方法, 又要有趣味, 与社会的需求相关联, 这样才能调动学生们学习的积极性。第二, 制定具有独立学院特色的英语口语教学计划。独立学院培养的学生主要是实用型的人才, 不是研究型的人才。在制订教学计划时, 要明确英语口语教学的目标是培养交际能力。教师在教学时要教授学生如何大胆、完整、自如、有逻辑地表达自己观点。学会用英语思维, 学会用英语雄辩地说服他人。第三, 把英语演讲贯穿于英语口语课堂中。演讲主题与演讲形式先易后难。对于大一、大二年级的学生, 进行简短演讲练习, 每次上课之前教师给出演讲题目让学生们自己准备, 教师进行十分钟的课堂辅导。让学生自愿或按照学号轮流登台演讲。演讲主题可选择与社会热点相关联或与课本主题一致。学生演讲后, 先由同学从逻辑性与词汇使用等情况进行自由评论。之后教师给出参考答案, 并且让学生掌握关键词汇。最初学生们可能会遇到一些困难, 此时教师要从情感上对学生进行关怀, 鼓励引导学生。对于大三、大四年级的学生进行即兴演讲。经过大一、大二的口语演讲训练, 学生们对演讲技巧与词汇量已有一定的积累, 演讲之后教师还可进行一定的提问。第四, 选择地道的英美籍教师做英语口语教师。学生进行演讲必须具备良好的英语口语表达能力, 其中, 语音语调是演讲中最直接的因素, 直接影响信息的传达, 演讲稿再好, 发音不准, 重音失误, 语调偏差, 就会使演讲效果流失, 演讲目的达不到, 最后导致演讲失败, 无论是“外研社杯”, 还是“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲比赛, 给观众的第一深刻印象的是演讲人的语音语调。通过外籍教师进行演讲训练可帮助学生认识到正确的语音语调。在课堂中学生们会不知不觉地模仿外教的发音, 从而讲出一口地道的英语。

2. 开展丰富多彩的第二课堂

第一, 举行演讲比赛。很多大学生都有学好英语的梦想, 很多学生也付出了大量的心血, 但真正学好用好的学生还是凤毛麟角。如果广大的大学生能有一些好的学习榜样, 看到同龄人或同校的校友能说非常流利的英语, 能用英语自由地表达自己的思想, 自然会下决心努力学习, 有一天也能赶上甚至超过这些参加比赛的同学。在演讲比赛的过程中穿插英语歌曲演唱表演, 电影配音表演, 英语戏剧表演。榜样的示范作用和带动作用是巨大的, 大学生英语演讲比赛可以成功的为广大的大学生树立好的学习榜样, 大大增加学生的学习动力。第二, 进行欧美之旅。让有条件的同学在寒、暑假走出国门, 到英美等国家实地旅游或做兼职, 从而融入当地社会、了解当地的文化、与地道的美国人或英国人交流。俗话说“读万卷书, 行万里路”, 也可说“行万里路, 读万卷书”。第三, 举行各种英语Party。让没有条件出国的学生, 通过举行邀请外教参加的圣诞晚会和各种聚会来了解英美文化。

英语演讲中的诉诸艺术 篇8

关键词：修辞；诉诸；演讲

［中图分类号］H315

［文献标识码］A

［文章编号］1006-2831(2007) 11-0051-6

Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the significant role that rational appeal, emotional appeal and ethical appeal play in the English speeches in the light of Aristotle’s rhetoric theory. These three appeals serve to achieve the ultimate goal of strengthening the persuasive force of the speakers who aim to inform, and to persuade. The sample data has been collected from some prize-winning speeches and classic speeches in history in addition to my speech draft in nationwide English speech competition. The sample analyses testify to my conclusion that rational appeal, emotional appeal, and ethical appeal are very important part of successful public speaking; used creatively they can help to establish the credibility of the speaker, arouse the desired emotions in the audience and get them around to accept the speaker’s way of reasoning and eventually identity the speaker with the audience. This paper has the practical purpose of offering some guidance in theory and practice to students interested in public speaking, an important skill in modern society.

Key words: rhetoric, appeal, speech

1．引言

公共演讲的历史可以追溯到公元前五世纪，在古希腊的体制下，当时公民不得不在法庭上为自己辩护。接下来的几百年里，一批对语言的力量和修辞感兴趣的哲学家成为了最早的一批修辞学家。他们中的大多数认为研究修辞能够提高演讲的效力。其中最著名的要数亚里士多德，他认为修辞实际上首先关注的是话语语篇，即口头表达的最初形式。根据这一理论，修辞被定义为发现对任意主题的劝说手段的艺术。换而言之，修辞首先是劝说的艺术。当代修辞理论比以前覆盖的研究领域更广，但劝说的概念仍是当代修辞理论的基石。从功能的角度划分，英语演讲可以分为三类：事实演讲、价值演讲和政策演讲。这三类演讲的目的是告知或是劝说。即使是告知性演讲，演说者往往想证明某些证据是真实的，而其它证据是不可信的。除了这三种基本的类型之外，还有纪念演讲，比如总统就职演说、受奖感言、餐后演说。这些演讲是用于表扬、表达感激和娱乐的。

但是，无论是哪一种演讲，目的都是劝说。毫无疑问，成功的演讲是由很多因素决定的，如话题、内容、结构、语言和表达等。所有这些因素都是相互联系，不可分割的。所有这些都可以从亚里士多德提出的理性诉诸、道德诉诸和情感诉诸的角度审视和分析。因为劝说是目的，结构、内容、语言和表达都是为了加强三诉诸，最终达到劝说的目的。本文通过选取各种演讲例子，论述有效的诉诸在成功的演讲中的作用。笔者认为研究三诉诸的创造性使用，并分析一些有效的实例，是对劝说性演讲实证研究的最有效的方式。这种方法与亚里士多德观察、分析、提出原则的传统是一致的，能指导有效的演讲。

2．理性诉诸

理性诉诸就是利用逻辑和证据来说明某一观点。利用理性诉诸，演讲者诉诸听众的理智和理解。

一般说来，理性诉诸（逻辑诉诸）需要强有力的论据。因此，演讲者应寻求证据（事实、数据、个人经历、专家权威、访谈、观众、轶事）。具体的例子能有效地阐述观点、概念和立场。这是因为生动而活泼的例子能影响听众的信念和行为。没有例子的思想是模糊的、无生气的、枯燥的；但有了恰当的例子，思想就变得具体、生动和有趣。

在第八届“21世纪杯”英语演讲赛中，来自北京语言大学的胡雪举了下面的例子说明环境污染给旅游景点造成的严重威胁：“The Fragrant Hill in the western suburb of Beijing is now almost bereft of birds because of human interference, and it is sometimes parodied as ‘Nasty Hill’ because of the unpleasant smell coming from the chimneys of roadside restaurants.”这个例子更有效地说明人类随意的行为破坏了美丽的香山。

在第九届“21世纪杯”英语演讲赛中，来自外交学院的范舒爽讲述了她在课堂上听到的一个故事：“Once, an important business negotiation was held in Shanghai. And the two parties were meeting for the first time. Unfortunately, when the two representatives first shook hands, one gentleman failed to make eye contact, distracted instead by cameras televising the event. It is not surprising that they have done no business since that meeting.”通过讲这个故事，她强调交际技巧在商业交往中非常重要。

如果例子能配上数据，那么例子将能更有效地说明事件发生的频率。列举数据也为了说明某些问题不是偶然的，而是反映了一个模式，特别是问题的一定的范围、一定的大小。

下面的演讲选自1999年国际英语演讲赛中南非选手Nicholas Marais的演讲。他用数据表明英语这门语言在新千年如何重要，如何普遍：“Time magazine recently suggested that by the turn of the millennium, English will be the lingua franca for one quarter of the world’s population. Already today sixty percent of the world’s television and radio broadcasts are produced and delivered in English. Seventy percent of the world’s mail addressed in English.”通过引用著名的《时代》周刊上的数据，这位选手有效地说明了英语作为一门国际语言的重要性和普遍性。

同样，美国前总统尼克松在北京对外经贸大学的演讲中列举了一串数据：“In 1972, there were no Americans as tourists in the P.R.C; last year there were over 100,000. In 1972, there were no students from the P.R.C. studying in the United States; last year there were over 12,000. In 1972, there was no trade between the two countries; last year trade went over six billion dollars.”这些数据有力地说明中美两国在建立合作关系方面前景广阔。

如果演讲者并非某一话题的专家，或是话题极具争议，专家的话就极为有用；也可以用同龄人的话——也就是普通人而不是名人的话。比如，如果演讲是关于盲人遇到的困难，引用盲人自己的话是最有效的，因为专家的观点非常有限。名言常用于加强道德诉诸，这一点将在第四节详述。

理性诉诸另一个主要的部分就是讲道理，如果同时能结合例子、数据和名言就能加强演讲者的说服力。好的演讲者应该有力地讲道理，但更重要的是让听众接受演讲者的说理方式。演讲者可以从具体的事件说理，也可以从一般的原则说理。此外，演讲者也可以用“causal reasoning or analogical reasoning”。但不论用哪种说理方式，演讲者应该避免fallacies。

比如，丘吉尔在针对希特勒侵占苏联的演讲中使用了the process of reasoning from principle。下面是他说理的压缩结构。大前提：“Anyone who fights against Hitler is our friend and anyone who allies with Hitler is our enemy.”。小前提：“Russia is fighting Hitler despite it being a communist country.”。结论：“Therefore, our policy is to support Russia.”。在演讲中，说理的步骤是清晰明了的，但说理的过程应该清楚。

理性诉诸常用在价值和政策问题的演讲。在价值问题的演讲中，演讲者必须说明某些概念、思想或行为是对还是错，有道德的还是不道德的，有价值的还是没有价值的，重要的还是不重要的。在政策问题演讲中，演讲者必须指出基于价值判断的一个问题，并提出解决方案。

3．情感诉诸

顾名思义，情感诉诸就是触动听众的情感，用动人的语言和生动的例子打动听众。

亚里士多德认为：尽管人本质是一个理性的动物，但却常常受情绪的影响接受事物。Stephen E. Lucas教授(2004)在《公共演讲的艺术》一书中写道，词语是演讲者的工具。语言的使用有三个方面：准确、清楚、生动。准确和清楚是告知演讲必不可少的，但生动是劝说演讲的有力工具。达到生动和激起听众的情绪有两个重要的方法——用形象的词语以及比喻性或有韵律的语言。

形象的词语往往是具体词语。具体词可引发视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉和味觉。

下面是来自国际关系学院陈冀佳的演讲。当他说到参加研究生考试辅导班的课时，他说：“Almost 15,000 students were sitting in a huge classroom, listening, taking notes or sleeping. The smell of books, dust and sweat, the buzz of handsets, the rustles of pens and the whispers of the listeners, intermingled with the lecturer’s over-amplified voice echoing in the stuffy, crowded and un-air-conditioned room. All this brought nothing but dizziness and suffocation.” 这些具体词引起人们的视觉和听觉，感觉和情绪能把听众带入演讲中。

比喻性或有韵律的语言包括明喻、暗喻，即用“like”或“as”比较两个本质上不同但有相同之处的事物。下面是著名的Martin Luther King, Jr.的演讲I Have A Dream：This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end night of their captivity. 这些明喻表达了他希望黑人能得到真正的平等相待，并最终有一天能得到解放。

下面是山东大学苗婧的演讲：“Thanks to the expanded enrollment, we can say goodbye to those days when going to college was like passing over a narrow bridge, with only a few, a very few, able to make it to the other side.”这个明喻生动地描述了大学录取的残酷竞争。

暗喻，指的是用“like”或“as”比较两个本质上不同但有相同之处的事物。

小学生英语演讲稿：学习英语心得 篇9

Firstly I am interested in English very much. When I was a kid, I thought English is a magic thing. So I became to like English day after day and I starts to enjoy learning it .

Secondly, I think listening and writing are very important. After finishing my homework, I listen to the tapes many times and read after the tapes. I think it is a good way to practice my listening.

Thirdly, I like writing something in English. I often do it, so I need to remember many words every day. This work is not easy, but I keep on doing it, and now I enjoy it.

Meanwhile, I often watch TV on CCTV9. It’s a good channel to learn English on listening and writing. When I watch the TV shows, I listen to the voice and write down anything I hear from the shows. Now, I think it is a happy and excited thing to learn English from watching TV shows.

These are my own ways to learn English. I think everyone has his or her own ways. The most important is to find a way that really suits you. At the same time, 毅力 and hardworking are also important . In English learning. I still have a long way to go. I’m happy to accept you good advice. I learn English as above said. How about you?

小学生英语演讲稿：学习英语心得

首先，我对英语非常感兴趣，当我是一个孩子的时候，我认为英语是一种神奇的事情。所以我开始一天比一天喜欢英语，我开始喜欢学习它。

第二，我认为听和说是非常重要的。作完作业后，我听磁带和跟读。我认为它是一种练习听力的好方法。

第三，我喜欢用英语写一些东西。我经常做它，所以我每天需要记住许多单词。这项工作不容易，但我依然坚持，现在我已经喜欢它。

同时，我经常看中央9台的电视节目。它是一种学好英语，练习听力和写作的好方法。当我看电视节目的时候，我将我听到的东西写下来。现在，我认为看电视节目

英语演讲稿--Dreams Can Come True 篇10

王博士、keough博士、novogroski女士和curran小姐;教育委员会委员和毕业生的亲朋好友;韦斯利高中XX年毕业班的女士先生们;有机会能在这个下午对你们演讲令我感到十分荣幸与感激，谢谢。好，进入主题吧!

so here we are… commencement… life’s great forward-looking ceremony. (and don’t say, “what about weddings?” weddings are one-sided and insufficiently effective. weddings are bride-centric pageantry. other than conceding to a list of unreasonable demands, the groom just stands there. no stately, hey-everybody-look-at-me procession. no being given away. no identity-changing pronouncement. and can you imagine a television show dedicated to watching guys try on tuxedos? their fathers sitting there misty-eyed with joy and disbelief, their brothers lurking in the corner muttering with envy. left to men, weddings would be, after limits-testing procrastination, spontaneous, almost inadvertent… during halftime… on the way to the refrigerator. and then there’s the frequency of failure: statistics tell us half of you will get divorced. a winning percentage like that’ll get you last place in the american league east. the baltimore orioles do better than weddings。)

毕业典礼-生命中重要的前瞻性仪式。别问说，“那婚礼呢?”婚礼是单方面的，而且效率不高。婚礼是以新娘为中心的盛会，除了同意一长串无理的要求外，新郎只能呆站在一旁。没有庄严的、“大家看着我”的过程;没有像新娘被长辈送出的仪式;没有改变身份的宣告。你们能想象一个专门看男人试穿燕尾服的电视节目吗?他们的父亲坐在那里，泪汪汪的眼中透着喜悦和不可置信的神情;他们的兄弟躲在角落，羡慕地喃喃自语。对男人来说，在挑战极限的拖延后，婚礼就像自发性地，几乎是无意识地，在球赛中场休息时间去冰箱拿饮料。然而，婚姻的失败率如下：统计数据显示，现场观众有一半会离婚;这样的胜率会让你荣登美国联盟东区的炉主。巴尔的摩金莺队的胜率都比婚姻成功率来得高。

but this ceremony… commencement… a commencement works every time. from this day forward… truly… in sickness and in health, through financial fiascos, through midlife crises and passably attractive sales reps at trade shows in cincinnati, through diminishing tolerance for annoyingness, through every difference, irreconcilable and otherwise, you will stay forever graduated from high school, you and your diploma as one, ‘til death do you part。

但这个仪式-毕业典礼，总是能圆满结束。从今天开始-确实如此;无论你生病或健康;经历过财务困境、中年危机;在辛辛那提贸易展遇见还算迷人的销售代表-家长(微博)了解我的意思;对恼人之事的容忍度越来越低;历经过每次的改变、自我矛盾和其他种种;你从高中毕业这个事实永远不会改变，你的文凭一生都会与你相伴。

no, commencement is life’s great ceremonial beginning, with its own attendant and highly appropriate symbolism. fitting, for example, for this auspicious rite of passage, is where we find ourselves this afternoon, the venue. normally, i avoid clichés like the plague, wouldn’t touch them with a ten-foot pole, but here we are on a literal level playing field. that matters. that says something. and your ceremonial costume… shapeless, uniform, one-size-fits-all. whether male or female, tall or short, scholar or slacker, spray-tanned prom queen or intergalactic x-box assassin, each of you is dressed, you’ll notice, exactly the same. and your diploma… but for your name, exactly the same。

不，毕业典礼代表生命中一个伟大仪式的开始，它有其本身的附加价值和高度的象征意义;例如象征让我们在这个下午找到自己定位的美妙仪式。通常我会像避瘟疫似地避免陈腔烂调，闪得远远的，但现在我们处于平等的竞技场上;这点很重要，它代表某些意义。你们的毕业礼服-毫无造型、外观统一、尺码相同;无论男女、高矮、会不会读书;无论是晒成一身古铜色的舞会皇后或xbox的星际刺客;你会发现，每个人的穿著都一模一样。而你们的文凭…除了名字以外，其它完全一样。

all of this is as it should be, because none of you is special。

这一切本应如此，因为，你们没有任何人是特别的。

you are not special. you are not exceptional. contrary to what your u9 soccer trophy suggests, your glowing seventh grade report card, despite every assurance of a certain corpulent purple dinosaur, that nice mister rogers and your batty aunt sylvia, no matter how often your maternal caped crusader has swooped in to save you… you’re nothing special。

你并不特别，你并非与众不同; 尽管你有u9足球奖杯、辉煌的七年级成绩单;尽管你确信世上必定有肥胖的紫色恐龙、亲切的罗杰斯先生(儿童电视节目主持人)和古怪的sylvia阿姨;无论女蝙蝠侠曾奋不顾身地救过你多少次;你依然没什么特别。

yes, you’ve been pampered, cosseted, doted upon, helmeted, bubble-wrapped. yes, capable adults with other things to do have held you, kissed you, fed you, wiped your mouth, wiped your bottom, trained you, taught you, tutored you, coached you, listened to you, counseled you, encouraged you, consoled you and encouraged you again. you’ve been nudged, cajoled, wheedled and implored. you’ve been feted and fawned over and called sweetie pie. yes, you have. and, certainly, we’ve been to your games, your plays, your recitals, your science fairs. absolutely, smiles ignite when you walk into a room, and hundreds gasp with delight at your every tweet. why, maybe you’ve even had your picture in the townsman! [editor’s upgrade: or the swellesley report!]

是的，你被骄纵、溺爱、宠爱、保护、呵护;是的，忙碌不堪的大人抱着你、亲吻你、喂养你，替你擦嘴、擦屁股;训练你、教导你、指引你、辅导你、倾听你、规劝你、鼓励你、安慰你，并一再地鼓励你。你们被轻拥在怀里，好言哄诱和恳求;你们被赞美讨好，还被称为甜心派。是的，你确实有。当然，我们曾参加你的比赛、戏剧演出、演奏会、科学展览;当然，当你走进房里时，每个人都露出微笑;对你贴出的每一则twitter 讯息发出千百次兴奋的惊叹。为什么?也许你的照片曾登上townsman(韦斯利高中校内刊物)

and now you’ve conquered high school… and, indisputably, here we all have gathered for you, the pride and joy of this fine community, the first to emerge from that magnificent new building…

现在你们已经征服了高中阶段，无疑地，我们全都是为了你们而聚在这里。你们是这个优秀小区的骄傲和喜悦，第一批从那栋宏伟新大楼里走出的人。

but do not get the idea you’re anything special. because you’re not。

但不要认为你有什么特别，因为你并不特别。

the empirical evidence is everywhere, numbers even an english teacher can’t ignore. newton, natick, nee… i am allowed to say needham, yes? …that has to be two thousand high school graduates right there, give or take, and that’s just the neighborhood ns. across the country no fewer than 3.2 million seniors are graduating about now from more than 37,000 high schools. that’s 37,000 valedictorians… 37,000 class presidents… 92,000 harmonizing altos… 340,000 swaggering jocks… 2,185,967 pairs of uggs. but why limit ourselves to high school? after all, you’re leaving it. so think about this: even if you’re one in a million, on a planet of 6.8 billion that means there are nearly 7,000 people just like you. imagine standing somewhere over there on washington street on marathon monday and watching sixty-eight hundred yous go running by. and consider for a moment the bigger picture: your planet, i’ll remind you, is not the center of its solar system, your solar system is not the center of its galaxy, your galaxy is not the center of the universe. in fact, astrophysicists assure us the universe has no center; therefore, you cannot be it.

实证无所不在，这个数字大到连一位英语老师都无法忽视。newton、natick、nee…(均为邻近高中);我可以提needham，对吗?总共有两千名高中毕业生-大约这个数目，这只是邻近地区。现在，全国共有不止320万名高中生正从37000多所高中毕业，也就是说，有37000名毕业生代表、37000名学生会长、9XX名合唱团团员、34万名趾高气扬的运动健将，和2,185,967双靴子。但为何要局限在高中?毕竟你们即将离开它。所以想想：即使你是百万中选一的菁英，以地球上68亿人口来说，这意味着有将近7000人跟你一样。想象一下，在星期一马拉松大赛时站在华盛顿街某处，观看6800个“你”跑过。再以更宏观的角度来想：我得提醒大家，你的星球不是太阳系的中心;你的太阳系不是银河的中心;你的银河不是宇宙的中心。事实上，天文物理学家肯定地说，宇宙没有中心。因此，你也不会是宇宙的中心。

neither can donald trump… which someone should tell him… although that hair is quite a phenomenon。

即使唐纳。川普也不会是;应该有人告诉他这件事。

“but, dave,” you cry, “walt whitman tells me i’m my own version of perfection! epictetus tells me i have the spark of zeus!” and i don’t disagree. so that makes 6.8 billion examples of perfection, 6.8 billion sparks of zeus. you see, if everyone is special, then no one is. if everyone gets a trophy, trophies become meaningless.

虽然他的头发确实蔚为奇观。“但dave，”你喊道，“惠特曼(美国诗人)告诉我，我是自己的完美版本!epictetus(古希腊哲学家)告诉我，我有宙斯的火花!”我不反对这一点。因此，这代表68亿个完美的例子、68亿个宙斯的火花。你们知道，如果每个人都是特殊的，就没有任何人是特殊的;如果每个人都能拿到奖杯，奖杯就变得毫无意义。

in our unspoken but not so subtle darwinian competition with one another–which springs, i think, from our fear of our own insignificance, a subset of our dread of mortality — we have of late, we americans, to our detriment, come to love accolades more than genuine achievement. we have come to see them as the point — and we’re happy to compromise standards, or ignore reality, if we suspect that’s the quickest way, or only way, to have something to put on the mantelpiece, something to pose with, crow about, something with which to leverage ourselves into a better spot on the social totem pole. no longer is it how you play the game, no longer is it even whether you win or lose, or learn or grow, or enjoy yourself doing it… now it’s “so what does this get me?” as a consequence, we cheapen worthy endeavors, and building a guatemalan medical clinic becomes more about the application to bowdoin than the well-being of guatemalans。

虽然我们并未明说，但显而易见地，在达尔文的物竞天择理论中-我认为它源于我们对自身渺小的恐惧和对死亡的忧虑。最近我们美国人-这对我们造成很大的损害-对赞美的喜爱更胜于真正的成就;我们必须认真看待这一点。我们乐于向标准妥协，或忽略事实，如果我们认为这是最快或的方式，让我们能得到某种放在壁炉上炫耀的东西;某种能让我们装腔作势、自吹自擂的东西;某种能让我们在社会图腾柱上爬到更佳位置的东西。我们不再在乎如何比赛、结果是赢是输;是否能藉此学习成长或乐在其中。现在我们在乎的是，“这能给我什么好处?”结果是，我们贬低了努力的价值。建立瓜地马拉医疗中心的目的更倾向于对鲍登学院的应用，而非危地马拉人的福祉。

it’s an epidemic — and in its way, not even dear old wellesley high is immune… one of the best of the 37,000 nationwide, wellesley high school… where good is no longer good enough, where a b is the new c, and the midlevel curriculum is called advanced college placement. and i hope you caught me when i said “one of the best。” i said “one of the best” so we can feel better about ourselves, so we can bask in a little easy distinction, however vague and unverifiable, and count ourselves among the elite, whoever they might be, and enjoy a perceived leg up on the perceived competition. but the phrase defies logic. by definition there can be only one best. you’re it or you’re not。

这是一种传染病，以它传染的程度来说，连历史悠久的韦斯利高中都无法幸免。全国37000所高中的之一-韦斯利高中。在这里，“良好”已算不上够好;b被视为新的c;中等程度的课程被称为大学先修课程。我希望你们注意到我刚刚所说的“的之一”;我说“的之一”，是因为这样我们才能对自己感觉良好;才能沉浸在这微不足道的差异中，无论这多么地含糊不清、无法验证;才能将自己视为菁英之一，无论菁英可能是谁;并享受在自我认定的竞争中自以为是的。但这句话并不合逻辑。以定义来说，的只有一个;是就是，不是就不是。

if you’ve learned anything in your years here i hope it’s that education should be for, rather than material advantage, the exhilaration of learning. you’ve learned, too, i hope, as sophocles assured us, that wisdom is the chief element of happiness. (second is ice cream… just an fyi) i also hope you’ve learned enough to recognize how little you know… how little you know now… at the moment… for today is just the beginning. it’s where you go from here that matters。

如果你在高中岁月里有学到任何东西，我希望是教育的本质-乐在学习，而不是物质上的优势。我也希望你们学习到，如sophocles(古希腊悲剧作家)所说的，智能是快乐的首要元素;第二个是冰淇淋-仅供参考。我也希望你所学的足以使你体认到自己的不足，了解自己目前所知的是多么地少。因为今天只是一个开始，重要的是今后的学习。

as you commence, then, and before you scatter to the winds, i urge you to do whatever you do for no reason other than you love it and believe in its importance. don’t bother with work you don’t believe in any more than you would a spouse you’re not crazy about, lest you too find yourself on the wrong side of a baltimore orioles comparison. resist the easy comforts of complacency, the specious glitter of materialism, the narcotic paralysis of self-satisfaction. be worthy of your advantages. and read… read all the time… read as a matter of principle, as a matter of self-respect. read as a nourishing staple of life. develop and protect a moral sensibility and demonstrate the character to apply it. dream big. work hard. think for yourself. love everything you love, everyone you love, with all your might. and do so, please, with a sense of urgency, for every tick of the clock subtracts from fewer and fewer; and as surely as there are commencements there are cessations, and you’ll be in no condition to enjoy the ceremony attendant to that eventuality no matter how delightful the afternoon。

当你们毕业后，准备大展鸿图之前，我建议你们，不管做任何事，都应基于热爱和相信它的重要性。别费心理会你根本不相信的事，就像你不会跟一位你并未疯狂爱上的伴侣结婚;也避免让自己在巴尔的摩金莺队的比赛中站错边。别志得意满;别被物质主义华而不实的光芒蒙蔽;别被自我满足麻痹;别愧对自己的优势。并阅读…养成阅读习惯;阅读跟原则和自重有关，把阅读当成生活中的精神食粮。培养及保持道德感，并展现道德品格;拥有远大梦想，并努力实现;进行独立思考;全心全意地爱你所爱的一切人事物。请一定要把握时间，及时行动，因为时间正一分一秒地流逝。凡事有开始必有结束;无论你们这个下午过得多么愉快，这场典礼终究会结束。

the fulfilling life, the distinctive life, the relevant life, is an achievement, not something that will fall into your lap because you’re a nice person or mommy ordered it from the caterer. you’ll note the founding fathers took pains to secure your inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness–quite an active verb, “pursuit”–which leaves, i should think, little time for lying around watching parrots rollerskate on youtube。

充实的人生、与众不同的人生、有意义的人生是一项成就;这不是某种只因为你是好人就会从天而降，或妈妈能为你提供的东西。你会注意到，开国元勋们费尽心力地确保你不可剥夺的权力，包括生命、自由和对幸福的追求。“追求”-一个相当积极的动词;我想，懒懒地躺着观看youtube上的鹦鹉怎么溜冰应该算不上。

the first president roosevelt, the old rough rider, advocated the strenuous life. mr. thoreau wanted to drive life into a corner, to live deep and suck out all the marrow. the poet mary oliver tells us to row, row into the swirl and roil. locally, someone… i forget who… from time to time encourages young scholars to carpe the heck out of the diem. the point is the same: get busy, have at it. don’t wait for inspiration or passion to find you. get up, get out, explore, find it yourself, and grab hold with both hands。

老罗斯福总统-一位老练的骑士，提倡艰苦的生活;梭罗先生尽力简化生活，希望活得深刻并吸取生命的精髓;诗人mary oliver告诉我们向前划，划进漩涡和湍流中;本校有个人-我忘了是谁，不时鼓励年轻学子们把握当下。这些话的重点都相同：动起来，付诸行动;别枯等灵感或热情来找你。站起来、走出门外、进行探索、靠自己的力量寻找，并好好把握。

now, before you dash off and get your yolo tattoo, let me point out the illogic of that trendy little expression–because you can and should live not merely once, but every day of your life. rather than you only live once, it should be you live only once… but because yloo doesn’t have the same ring, we shrug and decide it doesn’t matter. none of this day-seizing, though, this ylooing, should be interpreted as license for self-indulgence. like accolades ought to be, the fulfilled life is a consequence, a gratifying byproduct. it’s what happens when you’re thinking about more important things。

现在，在你们匆匆离开，去纹上yolo刺青之前，请容我指出这个流行语的不合逻辑处。因为你不可能也不应只活一次，而是得好好地度过每一天。不是你只能活一次(yolo)，而是人生不能重来(yloo)，但因为yloo的发音不太一样，所以我们耸耸肩，决定这无关紧要。把握当下-ylooing-不应被曲解为自我放纵的许可。就像被称赞一样，充实的生活是结果;一个令人愉快的副产品。这就是当你思考更重要的事物时会发生的结果。

climb the mountain not to plant your flag, but to embrace the challenge, enjoy the air and behold the view. climb it so you can see the world, not so the world can see you. go to paris to be in paris, not to cross it off your list and congratulate yourself for being worldly. exercise free will and creative, independent thought not for the satisfactions they will bring you, but for the good they will do others, the rest of the 6.8 billion–and those who will follow them. and then you too will discover the great and curious truth of the human experience is that selflessness is the best thing you can do for yourself。

爬山不是为了插上旗帜，而是迎接挑战、享受新鲜空气、欣赏眼前的美景。爬山是为了看世界，而不是让世界看见你。去巴黎，就好好体验巴黎的一切;不是为了将它从你的清单上划去，然后庆祝自己又到过一个新国家。运用自由意志和创造力、进行独立思考，不是为了替自己带来满足感，而是为了替其他68亿人及后代子孙带来福祉。然后，你会发现人类体验到的伟大而奇妙的真理-无私是你能为自己所做最棒的事。

the sweetest joys of life, then, come only with the recognition that you’re not special。because everyone is。