高考英语阅读训练06（共8篇）
高考英语阅读训练06 篇1
2012年春语文培优训练散文阅读
一、鄂南高中2011级实验班招生考试语文试卷
菜花
孙犁
①每年春天，去年冬季贮存下来的大白菜，都近于干枯了，做饭时，常常只用上面的一些嫩叶，根部一大块就放置在那里。一过清明节，有些菜头就会鼓胀起来，俗话叫做菜怀胎。慢慢把菜帮剥掉，里面就露出一株连在菜根上的嫩黄菜花，顶上已经布满像一堆小米粒的花蕊。把根部铲平，放在水盆里，安置在书案上，是我书房中的一种开春景观。②菜花，亭亭玉立，明丽自然，淡雅清净。它没有香味，因此也就没有什么异味。色彩单调，因此也就没有斑驳。平常得很，就是这种黄色。但普天之下，除去菜花，再也见不到这种黄色了。
③今年春天，因为忙于搬家，整理书籍，没有闲情栽种一株白菜花。去年冬季，小外孙给我抱来了一个大旱萝卜，家乡叫做灯笼红。鲜红可爱，本来想把它雕刻成花篮，撒上小麦种，贮水倒挂，像童年时常做的那样。也因为杂事缠身，胡乱把它埋在一个花盆里了。一开春，它竟一枝独秀，拔出很高的茎子，开了很多的花，还招来不少蜜蜂儿。
④这也是一种菜花。它的花，白中略带一点紫色，给人一种清冷的感觉。它的根茎俱在，营养不缺，适于放在院中。正当花开得繁盛之时，被邻家的小孩，揪得七零八落。花的神韵，人的欣赏之情，差不多完全丧失了。
⑤今年春天风大，清明前后，接连几天，刮得天昏地暗，厨房里的光线，尤其不好。有一天，天晴朗了，我发现桌案下面，堆放着蔬菜的地方，有一株白菜花。它不是从菜心那里长出，而是从横放的菜根部长出，像一根老木头长出的直立的新枝。有些花蕾已经开放，耀眼地光明。我高兴极了，把菜帮菜根修了修，放在水盂里。⑥我的案头，又有一株菜花了。这是天赐之物。
⑦家乡有句歌谣：十里菜花香。在童年，我见到的菜花，不是一株两株，也不是一亩二亩，是一望无边的。春阳照拂，春风吹动，蜂群轰鸣，一片金黄。那不是白菜花，是油菜花。花色同白菜花是一样的。
⑧一九四六年春天，我从延安回到家乡。经过八年抗日战争，父亲已经很见衰老。见我回来了，他当然很高兴，但也很少和我交谈。有一天，他从地里回来，忽然给我说了一句待对的联语：丁香花，百头，千头，万头。他说完了，也没有叫我去对，只是笑了笑。父亲做了一辈子生意，晚年退休在家，战事期间，照顾一家大小，艰险备尝。对于自己一生挣来的家产，爱护备至，一点也不愿意耗损。那天，是看见地里的油菜长得好，心里高兴，才对我讲起对联的。我没有想到这些，对这幅对联，如何对法，也没有兴趣，就只是听着，没有说什么。当时是应该趁老人高兴，和他多谈几句的。
⑨没等油菜结籽，父亲就因为劳动后受寒，得病逝世了。临终，告诉我，把一处闲宅院卖给叔父家，好办理丧事。
⑩现在，我已衰暮，久居城市，故园如梦。面对一株菜花，忽然想起很多往事。往事又像菜花的色味，淡远虚无，不可捉摸，只能引起惆怅。
⑾人的一生，无疑是个大题目。有不少人，竭尽全力，想把它撰写成一篇宏伟的文章。我只能把它写成一篇小文章，一篇像案头菜花一样的散文。菜花也是生命，凡是生命，都可以成为文章的题目。
1、下列加点字注音正确的一项是（）
A.贮．存（chǔ）B.水盂．（yú）C.挣．来（zhēng）D.剥．掉（bō）
2、根据下面所给的上联对出下联：
上联：春来处处绿如海下联：
3、文中描写了几种“菜花”？根据原文，概括它们外在的共同特点。在描述中，作者赞美了菜花的什么内在品质？（不超过15个字）答：
共同特点：内在品质：
4、“有不少人，竭尽全力，想把它撰写成一篇宏伟的文章。”其意是：。（不超过10个字）
5、下列关于文章的分析鉴赏，正确的两项是（）
A．菜花毫不起眼，没有欣赏价值，只能供人们产生对往事的回忆。
B．第五节写自然环境和气候的恶劣，是为了反衬作者看到菜花的惊喜。C．文章表达了对自己一生碌碌无为、平淡如菜花的无奈和伤感。D．本文主旨在于借菜花赞赏“在平凡中蕴蓄着平凡美”的人生。
6、文章的后半部分为什么要写父亲？ 答：
7、文题“菜花”,从文章结构的角度看起了什么作用?它具有象征意义,象征什么?文章主旨是什么? 答：
8、结合上下文，解释下列句子的含义。①人的一生，无疑是个大题目。含义：
②菜花也是生命，凡是生命，都可以成为文章的题目。含义：
二、鄂南高中2010级实验班招生考试语文试卷
一 窗 山 海 吴韦材
①人的生活目标，往往决定他对风景的看法。
②然而人人看法有异。就如有朋友说，山海只是属于假期的，是一种遥远的风景。③还有些朋友，当看到某些挂历上的遥远之处，就会向往住在那里的人们，说他们幸福，能世世代代拥有好空气、天然的水、无污的宽阔土地，还有真实又自然的食物。但假如那时真有一位能神给予法力让他眨一下眼就梦境成真，我打赌他眼睫毛都不敢动一下。并非风景遥远，而是，向往只不过是都市人一种用来松弛身心的精神瑜珈，尤其在冷气房里，在场面撑得十分疲倦的会议之后，在周末下着狂风暴雨的窗外，心里有点毫无着落的感觉涌来，那种都市人常有的习惯性风景幻想，就会变成虚拟场面。
④我想，对于风景我是绝对执著的。风景的虚实其实都在于那个人自己的感受。有些人不满15岁就向自己许下承诺，非要在众目睽睽之下干出一番事业闪烁峥嵘不可。这么美好的理想也真叫人动容，只可惜35岁之后再去找回这些人，就知道周而复始的不过是黄粱影子。
⑤也有人，或许很早就向往另端无边的宽阔，这有时也许会让我们看到一些早熟的诗人或灵气浪漫的画家。可惜预告片虽多，真正上演的机会甚少；有也是快上快下，大浪冲几回，社会出入口处只有整齐的队形。
⑥现实就是如此。当人开始意识到自己该重新衡量环境的选择时，身边的种种现实，早已架构成层层阻碍。况且，人一出世就有许多等着接收的附赠品，宗室籍贯、文化背景，以及许多不能脱身的责任与承诺，通常都是在人还没有能力为自己编剧之前就纷纷而至的。戏演下来，就给自己无法离场的借口，除非大限突至。就算年轻人向往翅膀，年幼少小也无可奈何，只得渐渐投入现实，不久也就同而化之。什么当年看法，什么第三种角度，统统置于脑海底层，要它重浮见光，恐怕真要等到老去，偶尔站在窗旁还要有颗流星经过的晚上才有机会了。
⑦其实也没有谁是不能离场的。世界不会因谁的离开把头扭转一下。我们从小就向往的风景，也一直都处在它们该在的地方，关键只是“可有勇气接近它”。我想人人都该清楚这个事实：“我活着的价值就只有我自己最清楚，甚至不是我的神。”就凭这点，谁都可以重新编剧并设换场景，这片不行，只要还有勇气，当然，还要有条件，就该速换速决了。就如西班牙的塞万提斯说的：“取道于迟疑徘徊之路，走进去的只能是永不存在之室。”⑧真要一窗适合自己的山海，除了你自己，真的，没人能给你。（原文有改动）
1、文中的“风景”具有双重含义，请给予解说。答：
2、文章开头说，对于风景“人人看法有异”。文章是如何展开阐述的？请梳理层次，列点陈述每一层次的内容。答：
3、作者在第⑥段中说：“戏演下来，就给自己无法离场的借口„„”在第⑦段中又说：“其实也没有谁是不能离场的。”这两种说法是否矛盾？请结合对文意的理解谈谈你的看法。答：
4、下列对这篇文章的赏析，不正确的两项是（）
A．文章以“一窗山海”的风景作比喻，贴切、形象。第一段开门见山，提出文章的主要观点；最后一段作者用自己的认识印证了这一观点。
B．“在场面撑得十分疲倦的会议之后，在周末下着狂风暴雨的窗外，心里有点毫无着落的感觉涌来”，表现的是现代都市人紧张的生活节奏和烦躁不安的心理。
C．没能觅得“一窗适合自己的山海”是不幸的，“等到老去，偶尔站在窗旁还要有颗流星经过的晚上”回想起来，就难免有“少小无成老大悲”的况味。
D．“取道于迟疑徘徊之路，走进去的只能是永不存在之室。”作者给塞万提斯这句话赋予了深刻的哲理含义，表明了缺乏勇气就永远不能实现自己的目标的道理。
E．文章采取随笔的形式，语言生动，文思敏捷，具有丰富的联想与想像，表现了对人生之“风景”的思索与追求，读之妙趣横生而又含义隽永。
三、阅读下面的文章，完成下面各题。
心田上的百合花
①在一个偏僻遥远的山谷里，有一个高达数千尺的断崖。不知道什么时候，断崖边上长出了一株小小的百合。百合刚刚诞生的时候，长得和杂草一模一样。但是，它心里知道自己并不是一株野草。它的内心深处，有一个内在的纯洁的念头：“我是一株百合，不是一株野草。惟一能证明我是百合的方法，就是开出美丽的花朵。”有了这个念头，百合努力地吸收水分和阳光，深深地扎根，直立地挺着胸膛。终于在一个春天的清晨，百合的顶部结出了第一个花苞。
②百合心里很高兴，附近的杂草却很不屑，它们在私底下嘲笑着百合：“这家伙明明是一株草，偏偏说自己是一株花，还真以为自己是一株花，我看它顶上结的不是花苞，而是
头脑长瘤了。”公开场合，它们则讥讽百合：“你不要做梦了，即使你真的会开花，在这荒郊野外，你的价值还不是跟我们一样？”③百合说：“我要开花，是因为我知道自己有美丽的花；我要开花，是为了完成作为一株花的庄严生命；我要开花，是由于自己喜欢以花来证明自己的存在。不管有没有人欣赏，不管你们怎么看我，我都要开花！”
④a在野草的鄙夷下，野百合努力地释放内心的能量。b有一天，它终于开花了。C这时候，野草再也不敢嘲笑它了。
⑤百合花一朵一朵地盛开着，花朵上每天都有晶莹的水珠，野草们以为那是昨夜的露水，只有百合自己知道，那是极深沉的欢喜所结的泪滴。年年春天，野百合努力地开花、结籽。它的种子随着风，落在山谷、草原和悬崖边上，到处都开满洁白的野百合。
⑥几十年后，远在百里外的人，从城市，从乡村，千里迢迢赶来欣赏百合开花。许多孩童跪下来，闻嗅百合花的芬芳；许多情侣互相拥抱，许下了“百年好合”的誓言；无数的人看到这从未见过的美，感动得落泪，触动内心那纯净温柔的一角。⑦不管别人怎么欣赏，满山的百合花都谨记着第一株百合的教导：“我们要全心全意默默地开花，以花来证明自己的存在。”
1、“全心全意”和“默默”这两个词语用得恰到好处，请分别说说好在哪里？答：
2、根据上下文判断，“它那灵性的洁白和秀挺的风姿，成为断崖上最美丽的颜色。”这句话应放在第④段a、b、c哪个位置？答：
3、第③段运用了哪些修辞手法？展示了“百合”怎样的形象？答：
4、本文的线索是什么？文章主要运用了哪种写作手法？ 答：
5、文章以“心田上的百合花”为题，有什么含义？答：
6、百合已长出花苞，野草为何还嘲笑它？假如你是“百合”或“野草”，该怎样做？ 答：
2012年春语文培优训练散文阅读
一、鄂南高中2011级实验班招生考试语文试卷
菜花
孙犁
①每年春天，去年冬季贮存下来的大白菜，都近于干枯了，做饭时，常常只用上面的一些嫩叶，根部一大块就放置在那里。一过清明节，有些菜头就会鼓胀起来，俗话叫做菜怀胎。慢慢把菜帮剥掉，里面就露出一株连在菜根上的嫩黄菜花，顶上已经布满像一堆小米粒的花蕊。把根部铲平，放在水盆里，安置在书案上，是我书房中的一种开春景观。②菜花，亭亭玉立，明丽自然，淡雅清净。它没有香味，因此也就没有什么异味。色彩单调，因此也就没有斑驳。平常得很，就是这种黄色。但普天之下，除去菜花，再也见不到这种黄色了。
③今年春天，因为忙于搬家，整理书籍，没有闲情栽种一株白菜花。去年冬季，小外孙给我抱来了一个大旱萝卜，家乡叫做灯笼红。鲜红可爱，本来想把它雕刻成花篮，撒上小麦种，贮水倒挂，像童年时常做的那样。也因为杂事缠身，胡乱把它埋在一个花盆里了。一开春，它竟一枝独秀，拔出很高的茎子，开了很多的花，还招来不少蜜蜂儿。
④这也是一种菜花。它的花，白中略带一点紫色，给人一种清冷的感觉。它的根茎俱在，营养不缺，适于放在院中。正当花开得繁盛之时，被邻家的小孩，揪得七零八落。花的神韵，人的欣赏之情，差不多完全丧失了。
⑤今年春天风大，清明前后，接连几天，刮得天昏地暗，厨房里的光线，尤其不好。有一天，天晴朗了，我发现桌案下面，堆放着蔬菜的地方，有一株白菜花。它不是从菜心那里长出，而是从横放的菜根部长出，像一根老木头长出的直立的新枝。有些花蕾已经开放，耀眼地光明。我高兴极了，把菜帮菜根修了修，放在水盂里。⑥我的案头，又有一株菜花了。这是天赐之物。
⑦家乡有句歌谣：十里菜花香。在童年，我见到的菜花，不是一株两株，也不是一亩二亩，是一望无边的。春阳照拂，春风吹动，蜂群轰鸣，一片金黄。那不是白菜花，是油菜花。花色同白菜花是一样的。
⑧一九四六年春天，我从延安回到家乡。经过八年抗日战争，父亲已经很见衰老。见我回来了，他当然很高兴，但也很少和我交谈。有一天，他从地里回来，忽然给我说了一句待对的联语：丁香花，百头，千头，万头。他说完了，也没有叫我去对，只是笑了笑。父亲做了一辈子生意，晚年退休在家，战事期间，照顾一家大小，艰险备尝。对于自己一生挣来的家产，爱护备至，一点也不愿意耗损。那天，是看见地里的油菜长得好，心里高兴，才对我讲起对联的。我没有想到这些，对这幅对联，如何对法，也没有兴趣，就只是听着，没有说什么。当时是应该趁老人高兴，和他多谈几句的。
⑨没等油菜结籽，父亲就因为劳动后受寒，得病逝世了。临终，告诉我，把一处闲宅院卖给叔父家，好办理丧事。
⑩现在，我已衰暮，久居城市，故园如梦。面对一株菜花，忽然想起很多往事。往事又像菜花的色味，淡远虚无，不可捉摸，只能引起惆怅。
⑾人的一生，无疑是个大题目。有不少人，竭尽全力，想把它撰写成一篇宏伟的文章。我只能把它写成一篇小文章，一篇像案头菜花一样的散文。菜花也是生命，凡是生命，都可以成为文章的题目。
1、下列加点字注音正确的一项是（B）
A.贮．存（chǔ）B.水盂．（yú）C.挣．来（zhēng）D.剥．掉（bō）
2、根据下面所给的上联对出下联：
上联：春来处处绿如海下联：夏至时时炎似炉【秋至阵阵冷如冰、冬去茫茫云似雪】
3、文中描写了几种“菜花”？根据原文，概括它们外在的共同特点。在描述中，作者赞美了菜花的什么内在品质？（不超过15个字）答：白菜花、萝卜菜花、油菜花。
共同特点：色彩单调、味淡、平常朴素。
内在品质：朴素、美丽、生命力顽强（或在平凡中呈现生命的美丽）
4、“有不少人，竭尽全力，想把它撰写成一篇宏伟的文章。”其意是：事业。（不超过10个字）
5、下列关于文章的分析鉴赏，正确的两项是（BD）
A．菜花毫不起眼，没有欣赏价值，只能供人们产生对往事的回忆。
B．第五节写自然环境和气候的恶劣，是为了反衬作者看到菜花的惊喜。C．文章表达了对自己一生碌碌无为、平淡如菜花的无奈和伤感。D．本文主旨在于借菜花赞赏“在平凡中蕴蓄着平凡美”的人生。
6、文章的后半部分为什么要写父亲？
答：由物到人：父亲像菜花一样，生活平凡却有着生命的美。
7、文题“菜花”,从文章结构的角度看起了什么作用?它具有象征意义,象征什么?文章主旨是什么?
答：作为文章线索；
象征平凡而美丽的事物；
借菜花表明自己对平凡而美丽的事物的赞颂和对往事的回忆。
8、结合上下文，解释下列句子的含义。①人的一生，无疑是个大题目。
含义：人生丰富多彩，有着广阔的空间，人人都能根据自己的实际情况施展才能。②菜花也是生命，凡是生命，都可以成为文章的题目。
含义：人生能像菜花那样，在平凡中呈现生命的美丽，同样有价值。
二、鄂南高中2010级实验班招生考试语文试卷
一 窗 山 海 吴韦材
①人的生活目标，往往决定他对风景的看法。
②然而人人看法有异。就如有朋友说，山海只是属于假期的，是一种遥远的风景。③还有些朋友，当看到某些挂历上的遥远之处，就会向往住在那里的人们，说他们幸福，能世世代代拥有好空气、天然的水、无污的宽阔土地，还有真实又自然的食物。但假如那时真有一位能神给予法力让他眨一下眼就梦境成真，我打赌他眼睫毛都不敢动一下。并非风景遥远，而是，向往只不过是都市人一种用来松弛身心的精神瑜珈，尤其在冷气房里，在场面撑得十分疲倦的会议之后，在周末下着狂风暴雨的窗外，心里有点毫无着落的感觉涌来，那种都市人常有的习惯性风景幻想，就会变成虚拟场面。
④我想，对于风景我是绝对执著的。风景的虚实其实都在于那个人自己的感受。有些人不满15岁就向自己许下承诺，非要在众目睽睽之下干出一番事业闪烁峥嵘不可。这么美好的理想也真叫人动容，只可惜35岁之后再去找回这些人，就知道周而复始的不过是黄粱影子。
⑤也有人，或许很早就向往另端无边的宽阔，这有时也许会让我们看到一些早熟的诗人或灵气浪漫的画家。可惜预告片虽多，真正上演的机会甚少；有也是快上快下，大浪冲几回，社会出入口处只有整齐的队形。
⑥现实就是如此。当人开始意识到自己该重新衡量环境的选择时，身边的种种现实，早已架构成层层阻碍。况且，人一出世就有许多等着接收的附赠品，宗室籍贯、文化背景，以及许多不能脱身的责任与承诺，通常都是在人还没有能力为自己编剧之前就纷纷而至的。戏演下来，就给自己无法离场的借口，除非大限突至。就算年轻人向往翅膀，年幼少小也无可奈何，只得渐渐投入现实，不久也就同而化之。什么当年看法，什么第三种角度，统统置于脑海底层，要它重浮见光，恐怕真要等到老去，偶尔站在窗旁还要有颗流星经过的晚上才有机会了。
⑦其实也没有谁是不能离场的。世界不会因谁的离开把头扭转一下。我们从小就向往的风景，也一直都处在它们该在的地方，关键只是“可有勇气接近它”。我想人人都该清楚这个事实：“我活着的价值就只有我自己最清楚，甚至不是我的神。”就凭这点，谁都可以重新编剧并设换场景，这片不行，只要还有勇气，当然，还要有条件，就该速换速决了。就如西班牙的塞万提斯说的：“取道于迟疑徘徊之路，走进去的只能是永不存在之室。”⑧真要一窗适合自己的山海，除了你自己，真的，没人能给你。（原文有改动）
1、文中的“风景”具有双重含义，请给予解说。
答：⑴优美自然景观。⑵美丽人生所追求的生活理想、目标。
2、文章开头说，对于风景“人人看法有异”。文章是如何展开阐述的？请梳理层次，列点陈述每一层次的内容。
答：⑴先写自然风景，有的人所向往的风景，其实仅是一种虚拟的幻想。
⑵再写人生风景，有的人目标远大，但终究被现实环境和自身文化背景所同化。⑶后写作者看法，只要有勇气能及时调节，就能摆脱现实束缚，实现人生目标。
3、作者在第⑥段中说：“戏演下来，就给自己无法离场的借口„„”在第⑦段中又说：“其实也没有谁是不能离场的。”这两种说法是否矛盾？请结合对文意的理解谈谈你的看法。答：不矛盾。⑴前者说，人们常借口现实束缚而无法摆脱（结果往往是被现实所同化）。⑵后者是说，（只要有勇气，能及时调节，）人们还是能够从现实的束缚中摆脱出来的。
4、下列对这篇文章的赏析，不正确的两项是（A D）
A．文章以“一窗山海”的风景作比喻，贴切、形象。第一段开门见山，提出文章的主要观点；最后一段作者用自己的认识印证了这一观点。
B．“在场面撑得十分疲倦的会议之后，在周末下着狂风暴雨的窗外，心里有点毫无着落的感觉涌来”，表现的是现代都市人紧张的生活节奏和烦躁不安的心理。
C．没能觅得“一窗适合自己的山海”是不幸的，“等到老去，偶尔站在窗旁还要有颗流星经过的晚上”回想起来，就难免有“少小无成老大悲”的况味。
D．“取道于迟疑徘徊之路，走进去的只能是永不存在之室。”作者给塞万提斯这句话赋予了深刻的哲理含义，表明了缺乏勇气就永远不能实现自己的目标的道理。
E．文章采取随笔的形式，语言生动，文思敏捷，具有丰富的联想与想像，表现了对人生之“风景”的思索与追求，读之妙趣横生而又含义隽永。【（A.第一段内容不是文章的主要观点，说“开门见山”有误。D.塞万提斯这句话本身就含有深刻的哲理，并不是作者赋予的；这句话中的“迟疑徘徊”照应的是“勇气”和“速换速决”（果断），而不仅仅是“勇气”。）】
三、阅读下面的文章，完成下面各题。
心田上的百合花
①在一个偏僻遥远的山谷里，有一个高达数千尺的断崖。不知道什么时候，断崖边上长出了一株小小的百合。百合刚刚诞生的时候，长得和杂草一模一样。但是，它心里知道自己并不是一株野草。它的内心深处，有一个内在的纯洁的念头：“我是一株百合，不是一株野草。惟一能证明我是百合的方法，就是开出美丽的花朵。”有了这个念头，百合努力地吸收水分和阳光，深深地扎根，直立地挺着胸膛。终于在一个春天的清晨，百合的顶部结出了第一个花苞。
②百合心里很高兴，附近的杂草却很不屑，它们在私底下嘲笑着百合：“这家伙明明是
一株草，偏偏说自己是一株花，还真以为自己是一株花，我看它顶上结的不是花苞，而是
头脑长瘤了。”公开场合，它们则讥讽百合：“你不要做梦了，即使你真的会开花，在这荒郊野外，你的价值还不是跟我们一样？”③百合说：“我要开花，是因为我知道自己有美丽的花；我要开花，是为了完成作为一株花的庄严生命；我要开花，是由于自己喜欢以花来证明自己的存在。不管有没有人欣赏，不管你们怎么看我，我都要开花！”
④a在野草的鄙夷下，野百合努力地释放内心的能量。b有一天，它终于开花了。C这时候，野草再也不敢嘲笑它了。
⑤百合花一朵一朵地盛开着，花朵上每天都有晶莹的水珠，野草们以为那是昨夜的露水，只有百合自己知道，那是极深沉的欢喜所结的泪滴。年年春天，野百合努力地开花、结籽。它的种子随着风，落在山谷、草原和悬崖边上，到处都开满洁白的野百合。
⑥几十年后，远在百里外的人，从城市，从乡村，千里迢迢赶来欣赏百合开花。许多孩童跪下来，闻嗅百合花的芬芳；许多情侣互相拥抱，许下了“百年好合”的誓言；无数的人看到这从未见过的美，感动得落泪，触动内心那纯净温柔的一角。⑦不管别人怎么欣赏，满山的百合花都谨记着第一株百合的教导：“我们要全心全意默默地开花，以花来证明自己的存在。”
1、“全心全意”和“默默”这两个词语用得恰到好处，请分别说说好在哪里？答：“全心全意”表现了百合努力开花时一心一意、专心执着的特点。“默默”表现了百合不张扬（不炫耀）的品质。
【这两个词语的表达作用都结合了文段的主题回答的。我们在阅读时，要注意作者托物言志的写法，借百合花写人的特点（采用拟人的修辞，把花当作人来写，阅读时，可以把百合花当作某类人来理解）。】
2、根据上下文判断，“它那灵性的洁白和秀挺的风姿，成为断崖上最美丽的颜色。”这句话应放在第④段a、b、c哪个位置？答：C。
【这是考顺序的，前一句的“有一天，它终于开花了”是选择答案的关键提示语。后句也有很强的提示作用。】
3、第③段运用了哪些修辞手法？展示了“百合”怎样的形象？答：排比、拟人、反复。表现了百合信念坚定、追求执着的形象。
【此考点不是简单的修辞判断，而是考修辞的表达作用，不同修辞，表达作用不同，要积累常见修辞的表达作用。答题时，可以选自己有把握的修辞种类来回答。】
4、本文的线索是什么？文章主要运用了哪种写作手法？ 答：线索：百合的成长过程。（或：百合努力证明自己存在的过程。）
写作手法：象征（托物言志、借物抒情均可）
【线索是作者选材、组织材料的脉络。写作手法、表现手法和表达方式是截然不同的。写作手法，要在于平时积累。】
5、文章以“心田上的百合花”为题，有什么含义？
答：百合花的精神令人感动，作者从内心流露出赞美之情。或“百合花的精神令无数人感动，触动人们内心那纯净温柔的一角。”（意思相近即可）【此题是考对文章思想内容的理解。】
6、百合已长出花苞，野草为何还嘲笑它？假如你是“百合”或“野草”，该怎样做？ 答：第一问：答到“嫉妒、诋毁、心胸狭窄”意思即可。第二问：言之成理即可。【此题是发展性考题。拟人化的手法，其实就是写人的。】
高考英语阅读训练06 篇2
高考英语阅读理解热点题型有细节判断题、推理判断题、词义推断题、归纳综合题、标题判断题等。这里提供一组新颖时尚的阅读理解材料, 供考生对这些题型进行强化训练, 相信对考生阅读能力的提高会有较大帮助。
(一)
Life is full of sweet surprises for Chinese pop singer Edell.
She majored in (专修) design in a Canadian college. But when she was looking for a job after graduation, she found herself rising as a star in singing. Then she became a hostess on TV. “These are roles I never expected to take, ” she said.
Edell is open to every possibility in life, not afraid to try new things. She says that every day she tries to get herself ready to take any chance that appears in life.
“My mom told me chance only rewards those with a prepared mind, ” she said. “So I've tried to explore my potential talents. Thus I won't be at a loss when the right opportunity comes up.”
Edell learned ballet (芭蕾舞) in her childhood until she broke her back in practice. She then fell in love with music. Like many girls her age, she has a rich collection of CDs. But she never dreamed of being a singer. One day she was noticed by a talent scout (物色人才的人) . She gave a try and succeeded! And that's not the end of the story.
Once she was invited to be the hostess of the Asian MTV Awards in Thailand. Though she has never had any experience, she accepted the invitation. “At least I could make a trip to the foreign country, ” she said. Upon arrival at the ceremony, she had to read through a 91-page English biography (传记) of every guest. She studied it so much that she could recite all the details in it.
It helped her greatly. She greeted those strange faces she had never seen before and talked with them like an old friend. She did a great job. The MTV channel was so satisfied that they offered her a job as a TV hostess.
“Try to get yourself well-prepared in life, ” she said. “In the meantime, try to live your life with brains.”
1. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Learn from Edell
B. Try to be a singer
C. Prepare for your chances
D. Do learn English well
2. What is special for Edell's life?
A. It is very interesting.
B. It is full of sweet surprises.
C. It is so sweet.
D. It is so changeable.
3. The writer mentioned Edell's mother to tell us ______.
A. her mother had great influence on her
B. she could do nothing without her mother
C. all her success belonged to her mother
D. her chances were given by her mother
4. What does the underlined word “It” refer to?
A. Studying the English biography hard.
B. The 91-page English biography.
C. The ceremony of the Asian MTV Awards.
D. The MTV channel.
5. What is Edell's strongest character?
A. Liking to remember things.
B. Liking to help others.
C. Liking to think of problems differently.
D. Liking to try new things.
(二)
It was about six years ago. We were at senior high school. Those days in school were gray to most Chinese students because of the college entrance examination pressure. Not our parents and teachers didn't love us, but they loved us too much. Our only happiness was a high grade in the exam.
One afternoon after the final exam, we four girls came to a small wood and we felt it only belonging to us that afternoon. We talked and laughed. We played all the games that we could think of. We felt we were on the top of the world for the first time in our life. We totally forgot the unhappiness in our life and we threw the homework and the endless exams far away out of the wood.
In the middle of the wood ran a small and peaceful stream. Now and then, we could see some wild ducks on the water looking for food. The water weeds danced happily while the water passed beside them. The air was so fresh that we breathed it freely.
The sun had set before we knew it. We had to leave the place which brought us much happiness. We agreed to come back again every time we felt bored.
Years later, we went there several times. But, every time we went there to find that great feeling, we failed. Strangely, the feeling was different from that of several years ago.
I know that wonderful experience was just for once. We can never find that kind of happiness again which only belonged to the special afternoon in our life. That was a release of our uneasy heart. We can never go back to that young age or that simple life. It was our golden ages. No matter how boring and hard the life was, it gave us something worthy to recall. We'll treasure it forever.
1. What does the writer think of their senior high school life?
A. Unhappy. B. Helpless.
C. Useless. D. Meaningless.
2. What does “it” refer to in the second paragraph?
A. The final exam. B. Happiness.
C. A small wood. D. A high grade.
3. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How the girls forgot everything in the wood that afternoon.
B. How the girls played games in the wood that afternoon.
C. How peaceful the wood was that afternoon.
D. How the girls relaxed themselves in the wood that afternoon.
4. What did the writer introduce to us in the third paragraph?
A. Hungry wild ducks.
B. Dancing water weeds.
C. Fresh air.
D. A peaceful stream.
5. What lesson can we draw from the passage?
A. Past happiness can't be returned but can be recalled.
B. We can never have a happy experience again.
C. Past experiences are always unforgettable.
D. Don't be lost in past experiences.
(三)
South Korea's civil servants have been ordered to do their public duty by switching off the heating and putting on long johns (衬裤) as the severe cold puts a strain (紧张) on power resources, according to officials.
In an emergency energy savings plan, all ministries and state-run companies have been told to turn off the heating from 11:00 am to noon and 5:00～6:00 pm, the Knowledge Economy Ministry said.
Government buildings have to keep the office temperature below 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit) and state employees are encouraged to wear thermal underwear (保暖内衣) to battle the cold, it said.
“Offices will be quite cold under the required temperature, so state employees, whether encouraged or not, will end up wearing thermal underwear anyway, ” a ministry official, Roh Keon-Ki, told AFP.
Officials will patrol (巡查) state buildings to check the temperature, he said.
“We're trying to set an example because the country may face a severe electricity shortage if the present pace of heating consumption (消耗) continues.”
Knowledge Economy Minister Choi Kyung-Hwan warned last week of possible blackouts (停电) after electricity demand soared (高涨) to record highs this winter.
Sunday's temperature in Seoul fell to a 10-year record low of minus 17.8 degrees Celsius. Large parts of the Han river that bisects (将……对半分) the capital are frozen over.
The temperature in the southeastern port of Busan sank to minus 12.8 degrees Sunday, the lowest level in 96 years, causing the death of a homeless man.
Water supplies in the southeastern city of Gimhae were cut off Sunday after pipes burst.
1. How long will all ministries and state-run companies turn off their heating?
A. An hour a day.
B. Two hours a day.
C. Three hours a day.
D. Four hours a day.
2. South Korea has ordered its civil servants to turn off the heating and wear long johns to ______.
A. work out
B. improve their work effect
C. protect the environment
D. save electricity
3. How many cities does the passage mention?
A. 2. B. 3.
C. 4. D. 5.
4. What do the last three paragraphs mainly tell us?
A. The severe cold in South Korea this winter.
B. The largest cities of South Korea.
C. The cities that Han river flows through.
D. The terrible working conditions in South Korea.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. To save energy, South Korea civil servants wear thermal underwear
B. South Korea will suffer from the coldest winter
C. South Korea will face a serious electricity short-
age
D. South Korea civil servants work in cold weather
(四)
Copenhagen, one of the world's most bicycle-friendly cities, has begun turning its present network of cycle paths into bike highways in an effort to push more people to leave their cars at home.
Considered one of Europe's two “bicycle capitals” along with Amsterdam, Copenhagen counts more bicycles than people and cycling is so popular that its bike paths can become crowded.
Two-wheeler traffic jams are especially regular on the main Noerrebrogade street used by around 36 000 cyclists a day. “You have to elbow (挤) your way in to go forward and some cyclists aren't always thoughtful, ” complains 22-year-old university student Lea Bresell.
The creation of bike highways “comes right on time”, says Danish Cyclist Federation spokesman Frits Bredal.
“Copenhagen's roads are overloaded with people who want to ride their bicycles in all kinds of weather, ” he says.
“It's a mode of transportation used by all social classes, even politicians ride bikes, ” he says.
It is on crowded Noerrebrogade — the busiest bicycle street in Europe, according to the cyclist association — that city planners have decided to build the first of Copenhagen's environmentally friendly streets. The jammed bike paths will be widened up to four meters on either side of the road, which will itself be reserved for buses only.
The idea is to make Noerrebrogade “Europe's great cycling street”, says Andreas Roehl, the Copenhagen city's bicycle program manager who is also known as “Mister Bike”.
But Roehl is not content with making life easier for Copenhagen's inner-city cyclists: He wants to get suburbanites (郊区居民) out of their cars and onto two wheels as well.
His goal is to hike the percentage of suburban people cycling to and from the city from the 37 percent it is today to more than 50 percent by 2015. Within the city, 55 percent of all commuters already travel by bike.
Already Copenhagen stands out among other European capitals for its cycling infrastructure (基础设施) , counting more than 390 kilometers of bike paths.
1. What do the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs mainly tell us?
A. Why there are so many bikes in Copenhagen.
B. Why Copenhagen wants to build bicycle friendly highways.
C. Why Copenhagen is as famous as Amsterdam.
D. How bicycle friendly highways will be built in Copenhagen.
2. Why will Noerrebrogade street be the first of Copenhagen's environmentally friendly streets?
A. Because it is the longest.
B. Because it is the widest.
C. Because it is the most important.
D. Because it is the busiest.
3. Who is called “Mister Bike”?
A. Frits Bredal.
B. Andreas Roehl.
C. Lea Bresell.
D. A resident of Copenhagen.
4. What does the underlined word “hike” mean in the tenth paragraph?
A. Raise. B. Cut.
C. Keep. D. Hold.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Copenhagen plans to build bicycle friendly highways
B. Copenhagen's streets will be widened up
C. Copenhagen's environment will be greatly improved
D. Copenhagen has countless bikes
(五)
Christmas carol (颂歌) “Silent Night” has topped the list of Britain's “most recorded Christmas song of all time, ” according to music licensing (专利授权) company PPL.
The 190-year-old Austrian carol beat more recent festive compositions such as “White Christmas” and “Winter Wonderland” to the top spot in a list of more than 170 recordings, PPL said in a statement on Monday.
“Silent Night is a beautiful carol which expresses the feeling of Christmas entirely”, said Mike Dalby, Lead Reporting Analyst at PPL. “Everyone from punk band The Dickies right through to Sinead O'Connor has recorded it, which shows just how much it resonates (共鸣) with all different types of artists.”
PPL compiled (编制) the list using a database of about 1 800 Christmas themed recordings to rate (给……打分) the Christmas songs.
Sinead O'Connor's 1991 recording was the most popular version of the carol in Britain, according to PPL. More recent covers have been released from artists such as Christina Aguilera, Susan Boyle, and Annie Lennox, who recorded the song as part of her Christmas compilation (编辑) album released in the UK last month.
As an important part of carol services across the globe, Silent Night has been translated into 44 different languages from the original German.
The list has also shown the song to be a versatile (多样化的) track with recordings from range of music genres (流派) . The classic Christmas song has spawned (引发) a wide variety of covers, including pop, punk and even heavy metal versions.
The original version of the carol “Stille Nacht” was written in 1816 in Austria by the priest Father Joseph Mohr. It was first performed on Christmas Eve in 1818.
1. How many names of Christmas carol were mentioned in the first two paragraphs?
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
2. Who sings “Silent Night” best according to PPL?
A. Sinead O'Connor.
B. Christina Aguilera.
C. Susan Boyle.
D. Annie Lennox.
3. “Silent Night” was first sung in ______.
A. English B. Chinese
C. German D. Russian
4. When was “Silent Night” first played?
A. In 1800. B. In 1816.
C. In 1818. D. In 1991.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Silent Night, the most popular UK Christmas
song
B. Silent Night, the most popular English song
C. Silent Night, the most recorded song in the world
D. Silent Night, the most versatile track
(六)
“Hi! John.” Mary ran towards me with a rare bright smile on her face, saying, “I will have a dance performance tonight. I hope you'll come. Here is the ticket. Don't forget!” She left in a hurry.
“What?! What performance? Dance? Is that true?” I asked myself. Mary was not such kind of girl. She was a quite ordinary one. I had never seen her making up or wearing attractive clothes.
“I should go, I must go. That's a miracle (奇迹) !” I thought.
I arrived at the hall with the ticket and found my seat. Her performance was the seventh one, but was worth waiting for.
Time went slowly, I struggled with myself not to fall asleep.
“Let's welcome the next exciting dance — Latin!” Applause filled the hall at once.
I opened my eyes wide, fearing to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Mary appeared. Her dress went well with the brilliant lights. She was so beautiful: her stature (身材) was slim; her long golden hair lay back in curls over her ears. Dancing with a charming smile, she was fully absorbed in the Latin music. I could hardly believe my eyes.
After all the performance ended, I waited for her at the gate.
“Hi! How do you feel?” She stood in front of me with a bag and her crystal (水晶) high-heeled shoes in her hands.
“Fantastic!” I answered.
“Ha, ha. I knew it would be.” She could not hide her excitement, laughing like a child.
“May I lend a hand?”
“Thank you!” She handed her crystal shoes to me which were shining in the wonderful starry night; at the same time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella.
1. When Mary said she would have a dance performance tonight, the writer felt ______.
A. embarrassed B. disappointed
C. ashamed D. surprised
2. What kind of person is Mary in the writer's eyes?
A. A plain girl.
B. A special girl.
C. A fashionable girl.
D. An attractive girl.
3. Why did the writer struggle with himself/herself not to fall asleep?
A. Because he/she enjoyed the dance performances.
B. Because he/she couldn't appreciate dance performances.
C. Because he/she didn't sleep well the night before.
D. Because he/she was very tired.
4. What does the seventh paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How well Mary danced that night.
B. How well Mary was dressed that night.
C. How beautifully Mary smiled that night.
D. How the writer appreciated Mary's performance.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Every girl can dance
B. Don't look down upon an ordinary girl
C. Every girl has a pair of special crystal shoes
D. Every girl is beautiful
(七)
Being nice to your boss won't get you a pay rise, according to a new study showing that only aggressive (强势的) negotiators get what they want.
Researchers found the most effective strategies (策略) for getting a bigger salary were to be firm and “not take no for an answer”. Workers who started pay negotiations and tried to get a raise aggressively had the most success. Employees who had “done their homework” in advance of negotiations also earned themselves more holidays and benefit such as mobile phones and company cars.
But more employees who didn't want to annoy their employers compromised (妥协) and finally obeyed them. Workers who avoided salary discussions at appraisals (考核) or in interviews almost never got a raise.
Their study found those who actively sought out a rise earned an average $5 000 (￡3 200) more every year than those who didn't. More aggressive workers then ended up earning up to $600 000 (￡385 000) more over a 40-year career. This was based on the assumption (假设) that workers were given annual pay rises of up to five percent although the research did not explore career earnings.
They also found almost no difference between methods in male and female workers, suggesting that career-driven women were just as competitive during salary negotiations.
The study wanted to know the secret of the negotiating process. The results suggest workers who were more prepared for the negotiation process were able to use more aggressive strategies. By getting prepared, those who learned more about the market value of their position did their homework on the organisation and perhaps inquired about previous offers made about the organisation. These individuals were empowered (能控制局势的) and were generally more aggressive.
Furthermore workers who used a more competitive strategy, such as not taking no for an answer, threatening to withdraw from the process if the offer was unacceptable, were most successful in raising their salary.
The researchers interviewed 149 newly hired workers from different industries, who were asked to fill out questionnaires asking them what they did to earn a pay rise.
1. According to the passage, if an employee “does homework” before the negotiation, he may not earn ______.
A. a bigger salary
B. more holidays
C. a bigger house
D. mobile phones and company cars
2. If an employee wants to get a bigger salary, which of the following is what he needs to do?
A. Annoy his employer.
B. Compromise.
C. Avoid salary discussion.
D. Get prepared.
3. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How many employees can get a bigger salary.
B. How aggressive an employee must be to get a bigger salary.
C. How bigger a rise an aggressive employee can get.
D. How much money an employee can earn a year.
4. What is the researchers' aim?
A. To discover the secret of pay negotiation.
B. To know the employees' attitude toward salary.
C. To know how employers treat employees.
D. To know how money controls employees.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Aggressive workers are more likely to win pay rises
B. To win pay rises, quarrel with your employer
C. Don't be afraid of your employer at any time
D. Money means everything in employers' eyes
(八)
Families face being rationed (限额配给) to 80 bags of rubbish a year. Households throwing away more waste will have to take it to the tip (垃圾站) or buy a limited number of extra bags.
The plan which is already in use with one council (市政厅) , is being introduced by another and is under consideration by up to 180 more. The quotas (配额) are the latest attempt by local governments to cut down on waste to meet EU targets.
Doretta Cocks, of the Campaign for Weekly Waste Collections, said: “This is rationing. Some councils with fortnightly (两周一次的) collections and wheelie bins (有轮的垃圾箱) are already doing it by reducing the size of their wheelie bins.”
“They must think we are idiots. How can they claim to be concerned for the environment when they tell people to drive to the local tip? And what do you do if you don't have a car? Walk?”
The quotas ignore the voice from ministers to end such heavy-handedness.
The bag quota system is to be carried out by the Tory-led council in Wokingham, Berkshire, and is already in operation in Broxbourne in Hertfordshire.
Many of the 180 councils that still offer unrestricted weekly rubbish collections are watching the trial.
Wokingham officials have told residents that 75-litre bags will be given to each household and anything not left in them will not be collected.
“Every household will receive 80 bags every year, ” it said. “You can buy extra bags in rolls of ten but this will not be encouraged.”
Families of five will get 100 rubbish bags a year and households of six or more will get 120. A council spokesman said yesterday that those who cannot keep to their quota will have to drive to city tips to get rid of their rubbish.
Residents will have a weekly recycling collection limited to cans, paper and card, plastic bottles and so on.
Plastic packaging, tinfoil (锡纸) packaging and glass including bottles must either go with the general waste or be taken to recycling points. Green waste pick-ups cost an extra ￡60 a year.
The council, which charges a Band D council tax of ￡1 462 a year, has told residents it will save ￡922 000 a year under the new system. There will be no local consultation before it is introduced next April.
1. How many councils has the plan affected so far?
A. 2. B. 178.
C. 180. D. 182.
2. Doretta Cocks is ______ the plan according to the passage.
A. particular about B. curious about
C. angry with D. interested in
3. How much rubbish can a household be rationed to?
A. 100 bags of rubbish.
B. 120 bags of rubbish.
C. 6 000 litres of rubbish.
D. 180 bags of rubbish.
4. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in the ninth paragraph?
A. Receiving 80 bags.
B. Buying extra bags.
C. Driving to city tips.
D. Keeping to the quota.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. English families are rationed to 80 bags of rubbish a year
B. English families can't clear away their rubbish
C. English families are angry with their government
D. English government pays no attention to residents' interest
(九)
Made in China porcelain (瓷器) for royal wedding
A Chinese porcelain manufacturing company has won the order to make the official tableware (餐具) to be used at the British royal wedding of Prince William and his fiancee (未婚妻) Kate Middleton.
Guangxi Sanhuan Group, based in Beiliu, a city in China's southern Guangxi province known locally for its ceramics (制陶艺术) and porcelain ware, said they came out tops over more than 500 companies bidding (竞标) to produce royal wedding porcelain, fighting off strong competition from manufacturers around the globe.
The company is now burdened with producing some 16 000 porcelain tableware products to be used at the wedding.
Company officials said the products are divided into five groups including a dining plate, a coffee cup and saucer set (茶碟) , a commemorative (纪念性的) mug and a souvenir plate. They will be either used at the wedding or given to wedding guests as souvenirs.
The design is generally the same featuring a photograph of Prince William and Kate Middleton inside a heart shape with the words “William and Catherine” written below.
Set up in 1987, Guangxi Sanhuan is a modern Chinese success story — a once State-owned company that has now gone private, having a reputation of being a quality manufacturer for ceramics and porcelain over the last decade.
It employs more than 8 000 and is known for producing high-end table and dining ware for export to Europe, the United States and Southeast Asia.
The company is set to finish the production of the porcelain by the middle of January and its workers are pleased by the publicity generated by the order.
Besides this official order, other Chinese manufacturers have already been benefiting from the royal wedding as they produce tens of thousands of replica (复制品) royal engagement rings as well as other imitation wedding memorabilia that are in demand globally ahead of the April 29 wedding.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How Guangxi Sanhuan Group won the order to make royal wedding porcelain.
B. Where Guangxi Sanhuan Group lies.
C. Why manufacturers around the world bid to make royal wedding porcelain.
D. There was strong competition between porcelain manufacturers.
2. How many uses will the royal wedding porcelain have?
A. 1. B. 2.
C. 3. D. 4.
3. What is inside the heart shape of each royal wedding porcelain?
A. A photo of Prince William and a photo of Kate Middleton.
B. A photo of Prince William and Kate Middleton.
C. William and Catherine.
D. A few words.
4. When will Prince William get married?
A. In January.
B. In the middle of January.
C. On April 29.
D. The text doesn't tell us.
5. What do the sixth, seventh and eighth paragraphs mainly introduce?
A. A Chinese manufacturer.
B. The royal wedding.
C. Prince William.
D. The English Prince and his fiancee.
(十)
Three in ten Americans commit “financial infidelity (出轨) ” by lying to their partners about money, sometimes suffering consequences such as separation or divorce (离婚) , according to a new survey.
The Harris Interactive online poll of 2 019 adults released on Thursday showed 31 percent of American couples who have combined finances were not truthful about issues such as hiding cash or a bank account or about debt or earnings.
“Financial infidelity may be the new normal, ” said Forbes.com, which performed the survey with the National Endowment (基金会) for Financial Education.
One-third of respondents (响应者) also say they have been cheated, and both sexes lie to their partners about money in equal numbers. “These unwise behaviors cause great damage to the relationship, which is really not worthwhile. We must consider how important a family is to all of us. We must be honest to our partners in everything including money, ” said Ted Beck, chief executive of the National Endowment for Financial Education.
Sixteen percent of couples affected by financial infidelity said the cheat led to a divorce and 11 percent said it caused a separation. Sixty-seven percent said it led to an argument and for 42 percent it lessened trust in the relationship. What a great damage it is to the family members!
The most common lie, at 58 percent, was hiding cash. Fifty-four percent of respondents admitted hiding a minor purchase, 30 percent hid a bill, 16 percent did not disclose a major purchase and 15 percent hid a bank account.
Eleven percent lied about debt and an equal number were untruthful about earnings, the survey showed. It is suggested that all the couples should learn a lesson from this matter.
1. What does Ted Beck think of Americans' committing financial infidelity?
A. Rewarding. B. Unlawful.
C. Unwise. D. Unfair.
2. What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The harm of financial infidelity.
B. The meaning of financial infidelity.
C. The explanation for financial infidelity.
D. The percentage of Americans' committing financial infidelity.
3. What does the underlined word “lessened” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A. Raised. B. Dropped.
C. Harmed. D. Reduced.
4. Most Americans lie to their partners about ______.
A. hiding cash B. bank account
C. debt D. earnings
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Americans like to lie most
B. Three in ten Americans commit financial infidelity
C. Americans have the largest percentage of divorce
D. Americans like to hide their partners' cash
(十一)
If you are looking to further your career and get a promotion, January is the best month of the year in many countries to get it.
An analysis of data on the professional networking site LinkedIn showed January, June and July are the top months for professionals to move up the position ladder within their companies in the US.
January is also a good month for promotions in India, along with April, July and October, and in France, Australia, Canada, Germany, Brazil, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Britain.
LinkedIn, which has 90 million members worldwide, speculated (推测) that one reason why January is so popular for career advancement is that it coincides with (与……一致) the financial year.
“We looked at 12 countries, including the US, ” said Krista Canfield, a spokeswoman for LinkedIn. “If you look at India's data we also see a spike (尖峰) in April and it turns out that April is when India's financial year is.”
Another theory is that it is easier for companies to deal with promotions after the winter or summer holidays.
“September comes up as a really good time for people in France to go and try for a promotion, besides January, which is also a good month, ” she added.
Promotions were also more common in September in Spain.
LinkedIn analyzed nearly 3 million intra-company job promotions (内部升职) from data on its website from January 1990 to December 2010. Although January is still the most popular month, the company noticed that from about the year 2000 more promotions started occurring during other times of the year.
“It was becoming less likely that you would only get promoted in January and more likely you would get promoted during other months of the years, ” Canfield explained.
She attributes the change to (把……归因于) millennials, people born in the 1980s, who have entered the workforce.
“It could be that this newer generation is a bit more demanding, ” she explained, adding that if they don't get the desired promotion they simply leave the company.
“Just in terms of people's career paths, now you don't see those lifers…who have a career at one company. You're seeing people change jobs a lot more frequently.”
1. Which month is not the good time to get promoted in America?
A. January. B. March.
C. June. D. July.
2. How many months are the good time to get promoted in India?
A. 1 month. B. 2 months.
C. 3 months. D. 4 months.
3. Now, the chance to get promoted in January is ______.
A. on the increase B. on the decrease
C. out of the question D. still the same
4. What does the twelfth paragraph mainly tell us?
A. A millennial is particular about his or her position.
B. A millennial was born in the 1980's.
C. A millennial is strict with himself or herself.
D. A millennial is a lifer.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. January is the best month for a promotion
B. Which months are the best time in life?
C. Millennials can't get promoted in January
D. People change their jobs more frequently
(十二)
2010 was the year the Earth struck back.
Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, blizzards (暴风雪) , landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 — the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.
“It just seemed like it was back-to-back (接二连三) and it came in waves, ” said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.
“The term ‘100-year event' really lost its meaning this year.”
And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.
Even though many disasters seem accidental, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and strange year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.
Poor construction and development practices make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings (危房) in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river breaches, or the tropical cyclone (旋风) hits, more people die.
The January earthquake that killed well more than 220 000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people, many of them living in poverty, and more poorly built shanties (棚户区) than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010, total deaths would have probably been in the 80 000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.
Climate scientists say Earth's climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.
The excessive (过多的) amount of extreme weather of 2010 is a clear sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave — setting a national record of 111 degrees — would happen once every 100 000 years without global warming.
Preliminary (之前的) data show that 18 countries broke their records for the hottest day ever.
White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming. “The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society's emissions (排放) of heat-trapping gases and particles are sharply reduced.”
1. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How the Earth struck back in 2010.
B. Why the Earth struck back.
C. How terrorism attacks struck.
D. What natural disasters mean to us.
2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the third paragraph?
A. Earthquake. B. The Earth.
C. 2010. D. Natural disaster.
3. What do the fifth, sixth and seventh paragraphs mainly tell us?
A. The reason why there were so many disasters in 2010.
B. The way that natural disasters happened.
C. The way that man built buildings.
D. The way that people lived.
4. What is the way to cut back on the number of natural disasters?
A. To build stronger houses.
B. To develop less.
C. To reduce the emissions of heat-trapping gases and particles greatly.
D. To forecast the happening of natural disasters correctly.
5. Why did the writer give the example of the earthquake that happened in Haiti?
A. To show more people's living in vulnerable buildings can cause more people to die in an earthquake.
B. To show Haiti is a poor country.
C. To show Port-au-Prince is too crowded.
D. To show man's forecast ability of an earthquake reduced.
参考答案与解析
(一)
【主旨大意】
机会是等出来的还是准备出来的?爱戴的经历给出了明确的答复。
1. C 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍了机会不是等不出来的而是积极准备出来的, 因此以Prepare for your chances为题准确贴切。
2. B 细节判断题。
原文首句体现答案。
3. A 推理判断题。
认真阅读分析原文第四节不难发现, 爱戴认为自己之所以能够时刻准备着捕捉生活中出现的机会与母亲的教育分不开。
4. A 词义推断题。
认真阅读该词所在句及上一句不难发现, 上一句为该词所在句的背景信息, 因此It应指代爱戴认真学习91页的英语传记这件事。
5. D 推理判断题。
原文第三节首句是对爱戴最强个性的介绍, 可见其最强个性是喜欢尝试新事物。
(二)
【主旨大意】
精彩的经历有可能只出现一次, 无法再回首, 但我们却可以永远地珍藏。
1. A 推理判断题。
由原文第一节中的Those days in school were gray to most Chinese students because of the college entrance examination pressure.可以推出对作者来说高中生活是不愉快的。
2. C 词义推断题。
认真阅读分析画线词所在句不难发现and引导并列句, 第一个分句为第二个分句的背景信息, 由此不难推断it指代a small wood。
3. D 归纳综合题。
认真阅读分析原文第二节不难发现其主要描绘的是女孩们那天下午在小树林中谈笑、做游戏的娱乐情况, 由此不难推出答案。
4. D 推理判断题。
原文第三节首句为主题句, 由此可以推出作者在第三节中主要介绍了一个宁静的小溪。
5. A 推理判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现最后一节为主题段, 作者表达了过去的美好时光难以再现但却可以回忆的观点, 由此不难推出答案。
(三)
【主旨大意】
为节约能源, 韩国政府让公务员穿保暖内衣。
1. B 细节判断题。
原文第二节中的all ministries and state-run companies have been told to turn off the heating from 11:00 am to noon and 5:00～6:00 pm表明各部及国营公司每天必须将暖气关掉两小时。
2. D 推理判断题。
由原文第一节中的as the severe cold puts a strain (紧张) on power resources可以推出韩国政府命令公务员关掉暖气穿保暖内衣的目的是为了省电。
3. B 细节判断题。
认真阅读分析原文最后三节不难发现原文共提及Seoul, Busan和Gimhae三座城市。
4. A 归纳综合题。
认真阅读分析原文最后三节不难发现其均提及今年冬天韩国很低的气温。
5. A 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍的是为节约能源韩国政府要求公务员关掉暖气改穿保暖内衣的背景信息, 因此以To save energy, South Korea civil servants wear thermal underwear为题准确贴切。
(四)
【主旨大意】
为了鼓励更多人骑自行车出行, 丹麦首都哥本哈根计划将现有的自行车道改建为自行车高速公路。
1. B 归纳综合题。
认真阅读分析原文第二节至第六节内容不难发现其主要介绍的是哥本哈根市自行车数目多, 自行车堵塞多, 这是哥本哈根要建自行车高速公路的原因。
2. D 推理判断题。
由原文第七节首句可以推出哥本哈根自行车高速公路之所以从诺勒布罗加德开始是因为其最拥挤。
3. B 细节判断题。
原文第八节体现答案。
4. A 词义推断题。
由原文第十节中的from the 37 percent it is today to more than 50 percent by 2015可以推出hike含义为“提高”。
5. A 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍的是为鼓励更多人骑自行车, 哥本哈根计划建自行车高速公路, 因此以Copenhagen plans to build bicycle friendly highways为题准确贴切。
(五)
【主旨大意】
《平安夜》, 翻唱次数最多的英国圣诞歌曲。
1. C 细节判断题。
原文第一节和第二节共提及 “Silent Night”, “White Christmas”和 “Winter Wonderland”三首圣诞颂歌的名字。
2. A 推理判断题。
由原文第五节首句Sinead O'Connor's 1991 recording was the most popular version of the carol in Britain, according to PPL.可以推出Sinead O'Connor唱《平安夜》最好。
3. C 推理判断题。
由原文第六节中的from the original German可以推出《平安夜》最初是用德语唱的。
4. C 推理判断题。
由原文末句可知《平安夜》于1818年第一次被表演。
5. A 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍到《平安夜》为英国有史以来灌录次数最多的圣诞歌曲, 可见它是英国最受欢迎的圣诞颂歌。
(六)
【主旨大意】
每个女孩都有一双属于自己的水晶鞋, 穿上它尽情地跳舞可以展示自己的美!
1. D 推理判断题。
由原文第二节中的“What?! What performance? Dance? Is that true?” I asked myself.可以推出当玛丽说自己那天晚上将有一个舞蹈表演时作者感到很惊讶。
2. A 推理判断题。
由原文第二节中的She was a quite ordinary one. I had never seen her making up or wearing attractive clothes.可以推出在作者眼中玛丽是一个非常朴素的女孩。
3. B 推理判断题。
由原文第五节中的Time went slowly可以推出作者不会欣赏舞蹈表演。
4. A 归纳综合题。
由原文第七节浓墨重彩的褒义性语言可以推出作者主要介绍了玛丽那天晚上精彩的舞蹈表演。
5. C 标题判断题。
原文末节中的I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella为主题句, 由此不难推出答案。
(七)
【主旨大意】
强势的员工更易获得加薪。
1. C 推理判断题。
由原文第二节末句可以推出在工资谈判之前做了“功课”的员工能为自己赢得更高的薪水、更多的假期、手机和公车等好处, 因此可能赢不到的是一幢更大的房子。
2. D 细节判断题。
由原文第三节可知, 如果一个员工想获得加薪, 他没有必要害怕激怒老板、妥协、回避薪水讨论, 但由第六节可知, 想加薪的员工必须在薪水谈判之前做准备。
3. C 推理判断题。
由原文第四节的数字可以推出其主要告诉我们的是强势的员工能获得的加薪的幅度。
4. A 细节判断题。
原文第六节首句体现答案。
5. A 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其自始至终介绍的是在薪水谈判中强势的员工更易获得加薪, 因此以Aggressive workers are more likely to win pay rises为题准确贴切。
(八)
【主旨大意】
为保护环境, 英国每年每户限扔80袋垃圾。
1. D 推理判断题。
由原文第二节首句可以推出计划已经影响了182 (1+1+180) 个市政厅。
2. C 推理判断题。
由原文第三节和第四节科克斯讲话的内容可以推出其对新计划非常恼火。
3. C 推理判断题。
由原文第八节和第九节可以推出每户居民每年可以得到扔6000 (75×80) 升垃圾的配额。
4. B 词义判断题。
认真阅读分析画线词所在句不难发现, You can buy extra bags in rolls of ten为该词所在分句的背景信息, 由此不难推出this的正确指代。
5. A 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其自始至终介绍的是英国政府限制每户每年扔80袋垃圾的计划, 因此以English families are rationed to 80 bags of rubbish a year为题准确贴切。
(九)
【主旨大意】
威廉王子婚礼瓷器正在中国制造。
1. A 推理判断题。
由原文第二节中的they came out tops over more than 500 companies bidding (竞标) to produce royal wedding porcelain, fighting off strong competition from manufacturers around the globe可以推出第二节主要介绍了广西三环集团是如何赢得皇室婚礼陶器制造订单的。
2. B 细节判断题。
原文第四节末句They will be either used at the wedding or given to wedding guests as souvenirs.体现答案。
3. B 细节判断题。
原文第五节体现答案。
4. C 细节判断题。
原文末句中的the April 29 wedding体现答案。
5. A 归纳综合题。
认真阅读分析原文第六、七、八三节不难发现其主要介绍了广西三环集团的有关背景信息。
(十)
【主旨大意】
有调查显示, 十分之三美国人“财务出轨”。
1. C 细节判断题。
原文第四节中的These unwise behaviors体现答案。
2. A 归纳综合题。
认真阅读分析原文第五节不难发现其主要介绍的是美国人财务出轨的危害。
3. D 词义判断题。
由语境及常识可知, 财务出轨对夫妻相互之间的信任是一种削弱, 由此不难推出答案。
4. A 细节判断题。
原文第六节首句The most common lie, at 58 percent, was hiding cash.体现答案。
5. B 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍的是十分之三的美国人财务出轨的背景信息, 因此以Three in ten Americans commit financial infidelity为题准确贴切。
(十一)
【主旨大意】
研究表明, 一月份是升职最佳时机。
1. B 细节判断题。
原文第二节中的January, June and July are the top months for professionals to move up the position ladder within their companies in the US体现答案。
2. D 推理判断题。
由原文第三节中的January is also a good month for promotions in India, along with April, July and October可以推出在印度有四个月职业人士容易升职。
3. B 细节判断题。
原文第十节体现答案。
4. A 推理判断题。
由原文第十二节中的a bit more demanding和if they don't get the desired promotion they simply leave the company可以推出千禧一代对职务挑剔。
5. A 标题判断题。
认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍了调查表明一月份是升职最佳时机, 因此以January is the best month for a promotion为题准确贴切。
(十二)
【主旨大意】
2010年灾害多, 大多是人类惹的祸。
1. A 推理判断题。
原文第一节总体介绍2010年是地球反击的一年, 而第二节介绍了地球反击的方式, 可见答案为A。
2. D 词义推断题。
认真阅读分析画线词所在句和原文第二节的内容不难发现, 第二节为画线词所在句的背景信息, 而第二节主要介绍的是2010年各种灾害的发生, 可见该词指代natural disaster。
3. A 归纳综合题。
认真阅读分析原文第五节、第六节和第七节不难发现其主要介绍了人类行为是如何造成自然灾害频繁发生的, 可见它主要告诉我们的是2010年自然灾害频繁发生的原因。
4. C 推理判断题。
由原文末句可以推出大量减少吸热气体和微粒的排放是减少自然灾害发生次数的主要方法。
5. A 推理判断题。
由原文第八节提供的数据可以推出作者举出海地地震的例子是为了说明更多的人住在城市的危房里可以造成人们在地震中大面积死亡。
高考英语阅读训练06 篇3
一、阅读填空题的考查要点
1. 出题位置和选项特点
主干部分空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段末以及小标题。选项部分为7段文字，每段可能是适合做小标题的祈使句、短句或长句子。根据句子的功能，又可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。
2. 文章结构
阅读填空文章的结构主要为“总—分”和“总—分—总”。
（1）描述性结构，主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好和成就贡献等内容，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点。
（2）释义性结构，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述。
（3）比较性结构，把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比。
（4）原因性结构，主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的。
（5）驳斥性结构，主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，再分析其优缺点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观点。
二、阅读填空的解题思路和技巧
1. 通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构
快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句、独立成段的句子以及文章中带转折词的句子等，掌握文章的主要内容，看清文章的结构。
2. 根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略
（1）空格为标题（包括小标题）。标题的特点是短小精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句。先根据这一特点缩小范围，再选出与文章主题相符的选项，如果是小标题则选出与其所属文段的大意一致的选项。
（2）空格出现在段首。段落的通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其它相关的关键词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
例： 16 You dont show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior， but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you.
A. Youre quite shy and you arent quite sure of yourself.
B. You know your strengths and weakness.
C. Normally people seldom change their sleeping position
D. Everyone has got two personalities —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real .
E. Maybe you dont want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.
F. You usually live for today not tomorrow.
G. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions.
此题设空在段首，下文的关键词为“personality”“real you”，D选项的关键词与此一致，故可以确定答案。
（3）空格出现在段中。这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。
例：If you sleep on your side， you have usually got a well—balanced personality. 20 . Youre usually careful . You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious ，but you dont often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.
A. Youre quite shy and you arent quite sure of yourself
B. You know your strengths and weakness
C. Normally people seldom change their sleeping position
D. Everyone has got two personalities— the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real
E. Maybe you dont want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up
F. You usually live for today not tomorrow
G. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions
此题设空在段中，前面有关键词“well-balanced personality”，指明两种互相牵制的个性。而空格后则有表示“careful”“believe in yourself”“anxious”“sad”等关键词体现出对立的个性。在备选项中只有B和D选项中含有表示“对立”的信息（方框部分）， 而B选项句子的主语与文段其它句子的主语一致（you）， 则正确答案为B。
（4）空格出现在段尾。空格前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。通常是结论、概括性的语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore， as a result， thus， hence， in short， to sum up， to conclude， in a word等，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
3. 衔接手段及关键词也是制胜法宝
除了上述方法，还可以利用上下文衔接的关键词来确定答案。衔接手段类型包括词汇连接和逻辑连接。词汇连接包括：代词，同义词、近义词，上下义词/同一范畴词，数字线索。逻辑连接包括： 并列与递进关系，转折让步关系，因果关系，时间关系。
例：At first I was paid in candy.
17 I worked every day after school， and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account.
A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.
B. Before long，she let me sit there by myself.
C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.
D. Today I still carry that lesson with me： I listen to customers.
E. My grandmas trust taught me how to handle responsibility.
F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.
G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.
此题出现在段中，根据段首的At first...，学生可以先考虑有“Later”的A选项，带入后上下文连贯，意思通顺，故可以确定答案。
四、备考策略
1. 重视学生的语言积累，为阅读打好“地基”
教师要不断强化学生积累语言的意识，坚持不懈的通过各种形式检查和巩固学生的积累。同时，要训练学生学会分析长句，提高对单句的理解能力。
2. 加大英语文章篇章结构的教学力度
在做阅读理解、完形填空这些老题型时，教师可以引导学生自己进行分析。当学生的做题量积累到一定程度时，教师要帮助学生对做过的文章进行分类，归纳相关类型文章的篇章结构特点。
3. 精选题目，强化解题技巧的训练
教师在教授学生解题技巧时，务必要针对不同的策略，精选练习，节选能应用该策略的一段话，然后选项就设为“二选一”或“三选一”。只要在平常做题讲题时发现某一段落可以训练某种阅读填空的解题策略，我们都可以整理出来，按不同策略进行分门别类。久而久之，就可以形成一个阅读填空解题策略题库。
4. 引导学生自我总结
学生每做完一篇阅读填空，一定要学会总结自己的做题思路，是否用到了某些解题技巧，效果如何等。学生也可以根据自己总结出的东西，整理出自己的题库。
责任编辑 魏文琦
高考英语阅读训练079 篇4
Nowadays，most employees of local high-tech industries are below the age of 35，and for newly rising industries such as computer software and the Internet， the figure is below 30.People in this age bracket(阶层) are known as Generation-X，which is made up of those born between 1963 and 1981(i. e. those aged between 17
and 35).Compared with those born from 1946 to 1960，Generation-X are typically independent， they also have their shortcomings.Employers often complain that Generation-X are a group hard to manage.Although willingness and enthusiasm(热情)are highly valued by Generation-X，they will not accept orders blindly.In short，Generation-X will not accept authoritarian(权力主义) leadership.They expect their leaders to have a detailed understanding of the job， and most importantly，to treat them as an important member of them-as partners.
As a result， managing Generation-X employees is not only a science but also an art.There are basic guidelines to follow in managing them and helping them perform at their best：
1.Support them in their quest(追求)for knowledge skills;
2.Room for creativity and failure：
3.Provide frequent and timely feedback(反馈);
4.Provide communication channels
If managers follow these basic guidelines， they may find that the
employees they once considered as young， selfish and uncontrollable turn out to be responsible， energetic team players.
1.Generation-X in this article refers to the group of people who are______.
A.educated employees below the age of 35
B.young hard-working workers in factories
高考英语阅读训练012 篇5
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners .Most children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word“obey”is hardly accurate as a deion of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spo-ken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises ,and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly ex-pressive as delight, pain ,friendliness, and so on But since these can’t be said to show the baby;s intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language ,It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment ,and that by six months theyare able to add new words to their store This self-imitation(摸仿)leads on to deliberate (有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imita-tions can be considered as speech.
高考英语阅读训练040 篇6
Problem Page
Dear Lifeline,
I shall be getting married in August．My mother wants me to have a white wedding in church, because I am the only daughter, and she wants me to have the kind of wedding that she had．I , on the other hand, would like to have a simple wedding and a small party afterwards for my immediate family and close friends．I don’t want my parents to go to a lot of expense just for one day;I’d rather they spent the money on things that my husband and I will need, that will last us for many years．
Do you agree with me that this is a reasonable point of view? Can you think of a way in which I might persuade my parents to think as I do ?
Yours,
Money-Conscious
Dear Money-Conscious,
We agree that your point of view is reasonable; but reason isn’t everything. Your parents clearly do not mind ‘going to a lot of expense’, as you put it. They would mind more if you prevented them from doing so. There is, in fact, no reason why a white wedding in church should cost a lot of money. Such a wedding can be very simple, yet it can give you the sort of happy memories that your mother has of her own wedding day．
We suggest you meet your mother halfway. Have a simple church wedding and a simple party afterwards. If it means so much to your mother, perhaps you owe it to her to do as she wishes. We are sure that you will not regret it．
Dear lifeline,
高考英语写作训练与指导 篇7
一、注重积累词汇
词汇是写作的必需材料, 如果学生拿起一篇英语文章有80%的词不认识, 那么怎么能够理解文章所表达的信息呢? 如果要写一个句子, 10个词有8个词拼写不出或拼写错误, 那么怎么能表达自己的思想呢? 可见, 衡量学生英语水平及交际能力的高低, 关键还要看他掌握词汇量的多少。 大纲明确指出, 学生应“能拼写所学单词”、“知道其基本词义, 能听懂, 在口、笔头练习中能运用”。 为达到大纲要求, 提高学生写的能力, 我在多年教学中都坚持每周用一课时让学生默写本单元的重点单词, 要求学生熟练掌握这些单词的词义、词性及用法。 对这些单词的默写正确率要要求达到96%, 默写错了的要立即订正, 直到完全默写正确为止。 这就使得学生在长时期坚持不懈的默写中积累了大量词汇。 此外, 对高、初中学过的不规则动词过去式、过去分词, 反复记忆, 直到熟记于心。 还要注意形容词、副词不规则变化, 特殊形式的名词复数, 年、月、日、星期等, 进行专项默写, 为学生高考书面表达打下坚实的拼写基础, 从而使学生在书面表达中避免因单词拼写错误或不会拼写而失分的情况。
二、注重基本句型结构
英语属于结构语言, 有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短语等, 这些都是不可变的, 要想在写作中运用、用好它们, 必须加强基本句型的基本训练。 首先, 加强五种基本句型结构教学。 几乎所有英语句型都是五种句型的扩大、延伸或变化, 反之, 任何一个复合句, 我们都能够缩句为五种简单句的其中一个句型。 训练学生“写”就要抓住五种基本句型的训练, 让他们把这五种基本句型记牢, 不断运用。 五种基本句型是:
(1) S+V; (2) S+V+O; (3) S+V+O+O; (4) S+V+P; (5) S+V+O+C。
如写“我的家庭”时, 指导学生写出一些简单句。 随着学生英语水平的不断提高, 写作能力的进一步提高, 要求学生写出含有一般过去时、一般将来时、现在或过去进行时、现在完成时等形式简单的句子, 并慢慢向复合句过渡。 对于基础相对比较薄弱的学生, 让他们在高考的写作中, 尽量使用简单句。
三、注重限时训练
限时模拟写作训练, 增强考生临场应变能力。 近年来, 高考试题包容量大, 知识点覆盖面广, 这就要求学生在做题时既要注意答题的准确度, 又必须注意答题速度。 高考书面表达从时间分配上看, 最多只能用10-15分钟左右的时间, 学生必须在这个时间内完成书面表达, 并且意思连贯, 无严重语法错误。 在平时的写作训中, 必须训练学生的写作速度。 练习当场发题, 限时交卷, 促使学生瞬间接受信息, 快速理解信息, 迅速表达信息, 提高实际应用和应试能力。 这一步是关键, 也是难关。 首先必须使学生明白高考书面表达题既不是汉译英, 又不是作文, 不可任意发挥, 要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后, 展开思维, 目的在于考查学生运用所学英语知识准确地表达意思的能力。 要求学生在写作过程中牢牢记住以下口诀:“先读提示, 弄清要点与格式;时态语态要当心, 前后呼应要一致;句子结构和搭配, 语言习惯莫违背;文章写好细检查, 点滴小错别忽视。 ”学生在明确目的并掌握要领后, 要严格在规定时间内完成作业。 训练的初级阶段, 每次时间可放宽一点, 随着学生写作能力增强, 时间相应缩短, 逐步做到30分钟内完成任务, 不能养成拖拉的坏习惯。
四、注重模式训练
高中起始阶段的写作训练, 培养学生的写作模式是非常重要的。 我按照教师用书上说明的写作步骤, 即 (1) 构思 (讨论题目) ; (2) 写提纲 (理顺思想的逻辑关系) ; (3) 起草 (打草稿) ; (4) 校订 (检查错误, 重新安排内容) ; (5) 修改 (定稿) , 对学生进行写作模式的训练。 这样看起来比较麻烦, 但避免了反复, 养成了良好的写作习惯。 另外, 书写和文体格式要规范, 严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子, 注意大小写和标点符号, 养成良好的书写习惯。 同时对各种文体特点、格式要讲清楚, 使学生熟悉规范的书面表达形式, 用正确的标准评析和规范自己的书面表达。
五、注重范文的作用
加强高考满分书面表达或范文的背诵和仿写, 强化语感, 提高学生审题和把握写作内容的完整性能力。 最好以高考英语真题为写作训练素材—对比高考范文—背诵范文—模仿写作的形式展开, 增强写作训练效果的同时提高语感, 实现语言的流利和自然美。
高考小说类文本的阅读与训练 篇8
小说是以刻画人物形象为中心，通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写来反映社会生活的一种文学体裁。人物、情节和环境是其三要素。从本质上讲，小说属于叙事文学，叙述有关“人”的事情。我们研究小说，就是要研究“小说说了些什么”，“小说是如何说的”以及“小说为何如此说，而不那样说”。高考对小说鉴赏考查的选材是很宽泛的，有长篇小说的节选，有短篇小说的节选，当然也有整篇的小小说。其考查能力要求、考查特点与散文阅读的考查大致相同，但也有其不同的方面，这主要体现在文体特征方面。
一、分析小说三要素，把握人物性格和命运
可以从如下几个方面入手：
1.分析人物，把握人物性格。分析人物形象，主要通过人物的外貌、语言、动作、神态和心理来进行。当然，人物的年龄、身份和地位也要注意。
2.分析环境，探究人物的命运与思想性格。小说中的人物，一般是典型环境中的典型人物。小说的环境，主要包括社会环境和自然环境这两个方面。自然环境对人物的命运有影响，但真正决定人物命运的往往主要是社会环境。
3.分析情节，把握人物性格的发展变化。情节一般是通过描写人物思想性格和情感欲望的冲突以及由此引起的人物关系、人物命运的变化来展开的。在情节的展开中，通过人物的外貌、行为和心理状态，再现活生生的鲜明个性。从某种层度上说，情节就是人物性格的历史。因此，分析人物形象，应从情节入手，据情论人。
二、分析小说的结构，把握故事情节
小说结构一般由开端、发展、高潮、结局等几个部分组成，可据此划分层次。但是，如果运用倒叙、补叙等艺术手法，则要注意。小说的每一个部分，一般由相关的情节来体现。情节则是小说用以表现主题或人物性格的一系列有组织的生活事件。所以，各个情节之间应该是有紧密关系的，这个关系主要是因果关系。
把握情节，大致有两种方法：
一是寻找线索。线索是情节发展的脉络，有时还是矛盾冲突的焦点。通过寻找线索，不仅有利于掌握情节，有时也有利于抓住小说的矛盾冲突，便于把握主题。
二是抓住场面。情节是由场面组成的。有的小说情节复杂，有的小说情节不连贯，在这种情况下，抓住场面分析就可以不受情节结构的限制，直接掌握作品的中心事件和主要矛盾。
三、分析环境描写，把握它的作用
自然环境主要有七个方面的作用：①有时是为了交待故事发生的时间、地点和社会条件；②有时是为了渲染环境气氛；③有时是从侧面烘托人物心理，表现人物性格；④有时是为了推动情节的发展；⑤有时是烘托人物活动的时代意义，表现主题。⑥以景抒情，融情于景。⑦景色本身的作用，所写的内容。
社会环境主要有两个方面的作用：①有时是为了揭示人物性格特征和人物命运的社会原因和条件；②有时是暗示小说的主旨，表现主题。
四、鉴赏小说主题，分析思想观点
一般来说，分析鉴赏小说的主题有以下方法：
1.从小说的人物、情节、环境出发，进行认真分析。比如鲁迅的《祝福》。首先把握住祥林嫂的性格特征——善良、质朴、顽强，却又被压迫、被愚弄以至于被迫害；然后再看祥林嫂生存的环境——封建礼教统治下的鲁镇；最后看在这样的环境下人物所经历的情节——“一步一步被迫害致死”。通过这样的分析，我们就能得出作品的主题：揭示封建礼教吃人的本质。
2.联系时代背景和作者的创作意图去理解小说主题。
五、鉴赏构思技巧，分析写作特色
在分析文章构思方面的特点，或文章结尾的特色等类型的题目时，我们要了解一些常用的、巧妙的构思方法：抑扬结合、倒叙插叙、设置悬念、误会巧合、思维突转、运用象征、画龙点睛、卒章显志、抖包袱亮底牌、意料之外情理之中等。
六、分析表达技巧，品味艺术特色
首先明确比喻、比拟、借代、夸张、对偶、排比、反复等七种修辞手法，其次了解对比、衬托、引用、联想、想象、象征、伏笔、照应、铺垫、寓庄于谐、误会巧合、欲擒故纵、欲扬先抑等表现手法，最后把握记叙、描写、抒情、议论、说明五种表达方式，需要明确的是：记叙、描写是画龙，抒情、议论是点睛，写景多是为了写人，叙事多是为了说理。
七、品味语言风格，鉴赏表述特点
要明确语言特色，包括词语的表现力、句式特点、语言风格、人物语言的个性化等。其中语言风格有含蓄与直接、淡雅与华丽、庄重与幽默、典雅与通俗、柔美与朴实等；人物语言的个性化指语言符合人的身份、展现人的性格、表现人的情感，有时还体现地域特色，有鲜明的地方色彩（乡土气息）等。
实战演练
一
光荣的事情
文/马克·吐温
记得有一次，身边分文不剩了，但在天黑前又急需三美元。我茫然不知所措，到哪里去弄钱呢？
我沿着街道徘徊了整整一小时，也想不出一点儿办法来。后来，我走进爱伯特旅馆，找个地方坐了下来。这时，一只狗朝我走来。这真是一只逗人喜爱的小东西，我抚摸着它那缎子般光滑的脑袋，就像久别重逢的老朋友一样。
过了一会儿，密尔将军——一位民族英雄穿着蓝色和金色相间的制服走了过来。这时，他突然停了下来，看着这只狗，眼睛里流露出喜爱的神情，看得出来他也迷上了这只漂亮的畜生。将军情不自禁地走上前，轻轻地摸着这只狗，说：“这是一只很好的狗，多逗人喜爱啊！你愿意卖吗？”
我爽快地回答说：“当然可以。”
“卖多少钱？”
“三美元。”我回答。
将军大吃一惊说：“三美元？只卖三美元？这可不是一只平常的狗。它至少值五十美元。你大概不懂行情，我不想占你的便宜。”
我还是回答：“不错，三美元，只卖三美元。”
“那么好吧，既然你坚持这个价钱。”将军说着，高兴地递给我三美元，然后带着狗一直向楼上走去。
约莫十来分钟光景，一位相貌温和的中年绅士走了过来，四下里东张西望。我对他说：“你是在找狗吗？”他焦急的脸上露出一线希望，顿时松了一口气，连续回答：“对，对！您看见啦？”
“是的，一分钟前它还在这里。”我说，“它跟着一位将军走了。如果您需要我帮忙的话，我可以试一试。”
他连连向我道谢。毫无疑问，我不费吹灰之力就能把它找回来。我暗示他不要舍不得一点儿钱作为酬谢。他明白了我的意思，满脸笑容地说：“没问题，没问题。”他又问我要多少。
“三美元。”我说。
他惊讶地望着我说：“啊！这算不了什么，即使给您十美元，我也心甘情愿。”
但我说：“不，我只要这些就够了。”我二话没说就上了楼。人们一定会说我傻吧，怎么多一分钱也不要。
我向旅馆服务台打听到了将军房间的号码。当我走进房间时，将军正在非常高兴地给狗梳理着。我说：“将军，真对不起。我要把这只狗带回去！”
他吃了一惊说：“什么？带回去？这是我的狗了，你已经卖给了我，价钱可是你出的！”
“是的，”我说，“一点儿不错，但我必须带它回去，因为有个人在找它。”
“什么人？”
“是这只狗的主人。这不是我的狗。”
将军更惊奇了，不知道说什么才好，半晌才说：“你的意思是你把别人的狗给卖了？”
“是的，我知道这不是我的狗。”
“那么，你为什么要卖呢？”
我说：“哎呀！你真问得稀奇，是因为你要买它，我才卖给你，是你自己出钱买这只狗，这你不能否认吧。我既没有要卖它的意思，也没有说要卖它，我甚至连想也没想过要卖它呢……”
将军打断了我的话，说：“这真是我生平遇到的最稀罕的事，你是说你卖的这只狗不属于你……”
我不等他继续说下去，便说道：“你自己说这只狗可以值五十美元，我只要了三美元，还有什么不公平的吗？你提出多付些钱，事实上我只要三美元，这你不否认吧。”
“哎呀，我并不是非要这只狗不可，事实上是你自己根本就没有狗。你明白我的意思吗？”
我说：“请别再费口舌了，你不能回避这个事实：买卖是非常公平，非常合理的。但是因为这不是我自己的狗。因此，争论下去也是白搭。我必须把它带走，因为有个人在找它。我在这个问题上没有选择的余地。你懂了吗？如果你处在我这个位置，假如你卖了一条本不属于你的狗，假如……”
将军连连挥手：“好啦，好啦，不要说这一大堆令人迷惑的辞令了，你把它带走，让我休息一下吧！”
我还给了他三美元，把狗带到楼下，交给了狗的主人。我得到三美元作为酬谢。
我心满意足地走出去，因为我做了一件正大光明的事。我绝不会用那卖狗的三美元，因为狗不是我的。但从狗的主人那里得到的三美元，那才真正属于我的，因为那是我赚来的。
[鉴赏]
“光荣的事情”的题目本身就是一个极好的反讽。文章的开头写了“我”的窘迫的情境，旅店里陌生小狗对我的亲近无疑为后来我把小狗卖给将军做了铺垫。随着文章的开展，作者为我们设置了悬念，通过三次交易和谈话。通过语言为读者塑造了一个用不正当手段赚钱内心却心安理得的人，文中的“我”是一个喜欢耍小聪明、自欺欺人的人，通过玩弄手腕、买空卖空、坑蒙拐骗玩耍伎俩来不劳而获，最后却认为自己是在做一件“光荣的事”。小说用幽默讽刺的手段，挖苦了所谓用正当手段赚钱是光荣的。作者并没有直接去抨击这种丑恶的社会现象，只是用幽默的手段，淋漓尽致地揭露了社会现象的本质。
[演练]
1.小说的标题为“光荣的事情”，那么文中“我”所做的事情真的光荣吗？以此为题有什么妙处？
答：
2.文中写“我”卖狗要三美元，酬谢费也要三美元，有什么作用？请结合文章内容作简要分析。
答：
3.小说结尾写道：“我心满意足地走出去，因为我做了一件正大光明的事。我绝不会用那卖狗的三美元，因为狗不是我的。”对此，你是如何理解的？
答：
二
这边风景（节选）
文/王 蒙
“四个油塔子，一盘过油肉，一个粉汤。”泰外库把钱和粮票递了过去。
女出纳员一边打着算盘、整理着发票存根，一边头也不抬地回答说：
“过油肉没有了。粉汤没有了。油塔子也没有了。”
“就要关门了。现在只剩下馒头和白菜炒豆腐了。”
没办法，泰外库只好买了馒头和他最不喜欢吃的豆腐菜。他还想要二百公分白酒，但是，酒也卖完了。当他端着两个盘子寻找位子的时候，听到了一声亲热的叫唤：
“到这里来！请到这边来，老弟！”
在靠近火炉的一面桌子上，有一个不相识的，却是有点面熟的中年人，他长着稀疏的小麻子和稀疏的黄胡须。那人正带着几分酒意向他招手。
泰外库走了过去。他还没有坐稳，黄胡须伸手让道：
“请吃吧，让我们一起吃吧。”
招呼不相识的人来一起吃饭，这在维吾尔人来说并不稀罕。泰外库看了那人一眼，认为那人的盛情是真诚的。于是，泰外库未加推让地用筷子搛起了一个包子，包子放到嘴里，似乎立刻就融化了。
“要不要喝一点？”陌生的黄胡须问。
“请给在下倒一杯。”泰外库老老实实地，又是尽量合乎礼仪地回答。
这就是泰外库初次与他相识的情形。
后来，他们又有几次在城里会面。他们相互作了自我介绍。黄胡须自称名叫萨塔尔，是州上一个基建部门的干部，他手头十分阔绰。
四月三十日早晨，在他的这辆车必经的汉人街路口，他碰到了萨塔尔。萨塔尔说，他是专门到这儿来等泰外库的。萨塔尔说，他的妹子当天晚上在东巴扎举行婚礼，他和几个亲戚是一定要参加的，他问泰外库能不能将车马借给他用一天，第二天早晨的这个时候保证将车交还。他想得很细致，他知道这辆车跑运输的目的是为了给队上增加现金收入，他知道每天拉脚的收入是十五元，他准备交给泰外库二十元。
没有犹豫，泰外库答应了。二十块钱是不收的。泰外库将掏自己的腰包来顶补队上应得的收入。这不足挂齿。
就这样，萨塔尔赶着他的车走了。
第二天，萨塔尔在原地原时间交还了车马，没出任何毛病。车槽子的木板缝里有几粒麦子。“他们贺喜的时候还带着麦子呢，莫非怕新郎新娘的粮食不够吃？”泰外库笑了，他用手指把麦粒抠搂出来，放在掌心上，叫马舐着吃了。回队上以后，他把自己的十五块钱交给了出纳，没和旁人提起这件事。
但是头天早晨，他听说塔列甫特派员正在调查他和他的马车在四月三十日晚上的去向，而且，他也听到了，廖尼卡作证，根据他的观察判断，四月三十日夜盗窃犯使用了他的马车。
泰外库根本不相信萨塔尔会借他的车去干什么坏事。难道他这个在旧社会苦大仇深的孤儿还会受到领导和群众的怀疑？他受不住。
所以，头一天进城以后他就先照直去了萨塔尔的家。他毫不怀疑，萨塔尔可以提供有力的证据。他对萨塔尔仍是充满了信任。正好，萨塔尔在家，门上没有锁。他到同院的高台阶的大房子里去了，那里住着一位维吾尔族的老太婆，按照她住房的情况，她像这里的房东。“请问，原来住在这里那间房子里的萨塔尔搬走了么？”“哪儿有个萨塔尔？”老太婆翻了一翻眼。
“真奇怪，我来过这个房子嘛。就是萨塔尔住在这里的啊。”
“噢，你说的是赖提甫啊，找人，连人家的名字也没说对，不要这样做事，我的孩子！”
“他不是叫萨塔尔吗？”
“难道我和你这样的孩子开玩笑不成？他叫赖提甫，我的孩子！他是临时租用，只住了两个月，五月一日搬走的。”
“他搬到哪儿去了？”
“他搬到哪里去，就到哪里去吧。我们管他做啥？房租是预付了的。临走的时候。还送给了我一个扫把。以后，再也不会见到他了……”
[鉴赏]
选文是王蒙的长篇小说《这边风景》的节选部分。作者通过叙述泰外库热心地借车给萨塔尔、但却受到萨塔尔的蒙骗的故事，揭示了现在人心叵测、世事难料的社会现实。选文主要通过人物的对话来推动故事情节，彰显人物的性格品质。文中，泰外库的热诚善良和“萨塔尔”的狡诈形成鲜明的对比，以此衬托出泰外库品格的高尚。
[演练]
4.文中的泰外库是一个什么样的人？请结合全文简要分析。
答：
5.作者在文中在刻画人物时，主要运用了什么表现手法？有什么作用？
答：
6.泰外库与萨塔尔相识、借车和失联时，心情分别是怎样的？请发挥自己的想象，简要揣摩人物的心理活动。
答：
参考答案
1.不是。以此作为文章的题目，实际上是绝妙的讽刺，辛辣地讽刺了那些通过不正当手段赚钱却又心安理得的人。（解析：考查理解文章标题作用的能力。解答此题的关键，在于理解关键词语“光荣”的含义。从小说所叙述的事件来看，“光荣”一词，实际上是不光彩，这里是运用反语，对当时的社会现实进行了辛辣的讽刺。紧扣这一点来回答，就能够准确概括出问题的答案。）
2.卖狗要三美元，酬谢费也要三美元，实际上是为我们设置了悬念：为什么只要三美元？从而引起读者的阅读兴趣。（本题重在考查把握文章表现手法的作用的能力。回答此类问题，首先要明确文章运用了什么样的表现手法，然后再结合具体内容加以分析。从文章内容看，“三美元”是为我们设置了悬念，“为什么只要三美元？”这就吸引了我们继续往下读。）
3.表面上看，“我”的行为是“正大光明”的。实际上，这乃是耍弄手腕，自欺欺人。作者借此揭露社会现象的丑恶本质。（本题考查对文章主旨的理解能力。理解文章的主旨，要联系全文的内容综合把握。从文章所写的人物和事件来看，滑稽可笑，让人啼笑皆非。实际上，却有力地讽刺了当时丑恶的社会现实，鞭挞了那些玩弄手腕、坑蒙拐骗的人和事。）
4.文中的泰外库是一个热心肠，他善良、诚实、本分，而且乐于助人。文中写他爽快地无偿借给“萨塔尔”车马、掏自己的腰包来顶补队上应得的收入等就充分体现了他的这些品格。（该题重在考查考生对小说人物的把握。回答时，我们必须要联系全文内容来分析人物的性格品质。）
5.文中主要运用了对比的手法，通过泰外库和赖提甫两个人言行的对比，衬托出泰外库美好的品格。（解析：本题是考查考生对小说表现手法的理解和把握能力。解答这类问题，要结合文本内容，判断运用了何种表现手法，然后进一步分析其作用。）
6.泰外库与萨塔尔相识时，被他的热情和真诚所感动，心情是激动的；借车的时候，他认为萨塔尔是一个值得信赖的人，所以是心甘情愿的；而当萨塔尔失联时，泰外库的内心产生了一种受骗的感觉，忿忿不平。（解析：本题是属于探究性的问题，解答时，必须联系全文内容进行综合把握。同时，站在人物的立场上，设身处地地揣摩人物的心理活动。）
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