必修4文言文复习教案

2024-06-14

必修4文言文复习教案（精选5篇）

必修4文言文复习教案篇1

必修4(二)

——《师说》、《晏子治东阿》、《谏太宗十思疏》

一、理解常见文言实词在文中的含义 1.写出下列通假字的本字，并解释其义《师说》(1)所以传道受业解惑也．（2）授之书而习其句读者．(3)或师焉，或不焉．《晏子治东阿》(4)并曾赋敛．(5)仓库少内．(6)再拜便辟．

通________，____________________ 通________，____________________ 通________，____________________ 通________，____________________ 通________，____________________ 通________，____________________ 通________，____________________

《谏太宗十思疏》(7)振之以威怒．

答案(1)“授” 传授，教授(2)“逗” 句子中间需要稍稍停顿的地方(3)“否” 不，没有(4)“增” 增加(5)“纳” 接收(6)“避” 退避(7)“震” 震慑 2.解释下列加点字词的词义

《师说》(1)句读之不知：____________________________________________ ．．(2)君子不齿：_________________________________________________ ．．《晏子治东阿》(3)今子治而乱：________________________________________________ ．(4)货赂不至：______________________________________ ．．(5)入于权家：___________________________________________ ．．(6)愿乞骸骨：______________________________________________ ．．．《谏太宗十思疏》(7)必浚其泉源：_________________________________________________ ．(8)而况于明哲乎：_________________________________ ．．

(9)能克终者盖寡：_____________________________________________ ．(10)虽董之以严刑：_______________________________________ ．

(11)乐盘游则思三驱以为度：__________________________________________________ ．．(12)惧谗邪则思正身以黜恶：____________________________________________________ ．答案(1)一句话叫“句”，句子中间需要稍稍停顿的地方叫“读”(2)不值得提起，看不起(3)混乱不堪(4)钱财(5)在朝中掌权的人家(6)请求退休(7)疏通，挖深(8)聪明睿智(的人)(9)能够(10)督责(11)打猎取乐(12)排斥，罢免

3.解释下列加点的古今异义词的古义《师说》

(1)古之学者必有师．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：指在学术上有一定成就的人。(2)小学而大遗．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：对儿童、少年实施初等教育的学校，给儿童、少年以全面的基础教育。(3)李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：“五四”运动前的文言文的统称。《谏太宗十思疏》

(4)臣闻求木之长者，必固其根本．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：根源或重要部分。(5)虽在下愚．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：愚蠢。(6)承天景命．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：景色。(7)既得志则纵情以傲物．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：尽情。

(8)傲物则骨肉为行路．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：走路。(9)念高危则思谦冲而自牧．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：快速猛闯。

(10)乐盘游则思三驱以为度．．

古义：________________________________________________________________________ 今义：动词，认为。

答案(1)求学的人。(2)小的方面学习。(3)先秦和两汉的散文。(4)树木的根。(5)地位低见识浅。(6)大。(7)放纵情欲。(8)路人，比喻毫无关系的人。(9)虚。(10)以(之)为。4.解释下列多义词《师说》



③王行，度道里会遇之礼毕．

有先后，术业有专攻(1)道④闻道．

⑤行军用兵之道，非及向时之士也．⑥于是废先王之道，焚百家之言．⑦不足为外人道也．

①师者，所以传道受业解惑也．

也久矣(2)传②师道之不传．

皆通习之③六艺经传．《晏子治东阿》 东阿①晏子治．(3)治

②三年不治，臣请死之．

事左右①仓库少内，便．(4)便

②再拜便辟．

①有碑仆道②从郦山下，道芷阳间行．

《谏太宗十思疏》

①虑壅蔽则思虚心以纳下

愚，知其不可(5)下②虽在下．

百川③惧满溢则思江海而下．

答案(1)①道路 ②取道 ③行程 ④道理 ⑤方法、策略 ⑥法令、制度 ⑦说、谈论(2)①传授、教授 ②流传

③古代解释经书的著作(3)①动词，管理 ②形容词，管理好(4)①动词，逢迎讨好，玩弄手法 ②副词，就、于是(5)①臣下 ②智力低下 ③居„„之下 5.解释下列加点的词语并指出其活用类型

《师说》(1)择善而从之：____________________________________________________ ．(2)而耻学于师：______________________________________________________ ．(3)小学而大遗：_________________________________________________ ．．(4)孔子师郯子：______________________________________________ ．《晏子治东阿》(5)而君反以罪臣：_________________________________________________ ．(6)三年不治：____________________________________________________ ．(7)属托不行：_________________________________________________ ．．

(8)臣请死之：_________________________________________________________ ．

《谏太宗十思疏》(9)必固其根本：_______________________________________________________ ．(10)乐盘游则思三驱以为度：___________________________________________________ ．(11)将有所作则思知止以安人：__________________________________________________ ．．(12)何必劳神苦思：____________________________________________ ．．

答案(1)好的方面，形容词作名词(2)以„„为耻，名词的意动用法(3)小的方面，大的方面，形容词作名词

(4)以„„为师，名词的意动用法(5)怪罪、惩罚，名词作动词(6)治理好，动词作形容词(7)嘱托的事情，动词作名词(8)为之而死，形容词的为动用法(9)使„„牢固，动词的使动用法(10)以„„为乐，形容词的意动用法(11)建筑，兴作，动词作名词。使„„安定，形容词的使动用法(12)使„„劳累，使„„困苦，形容词的使动用法

二、理解常见文言虚词在文中的含义

6.写出下列句子中加点虚词的意义和用法

群聚而笑之①曰师、曰弟子云者，则．



足羞，官盛则近谀(1)则②位卑则．

耻师焉③于其身也，则．

①知其不可，而况于明哲乎②生乎吾前．(2)乎③其闻道也固先乎吾．

④嗟乎，一人之心，千万人之心也．

③虽董之以严刑(3)之．④择善而从之

⑤东阿者，子之东阿也．

①思国之安者．

②岂其取之易而守之难乎．

答案(1)①表承接，就，连词 ②表承接，就，连词 ③表转折，却，连词(2)①语气词，表反问 ②介词，在 ③介词，比 ④助词，表感叹(3)①助词，取消句子的独立性 ②代词，天下 ③代词，人民 ④代词，它 ⑤助词，的 7.重点虚词系列练

③其

闻道也固先乎吾．

其④其皆出于此．

明也⑤吾未见其．

⑥其可怪也欤．

①必固其根本．②其为惑也，终不解矣．

答案 ①代词，木 ②指示代词，那 ③人称代词，指“先乎吾”的人 ④副词，表推测，或许 ⑤人称代词，他们的 ⑥反问语气词，难道

三、理解与现代汉语不同的句式及用法 8.指出下列句子的句式特点《师说》

(1)耻学于师：____________________________________________ 《谏太宗十思疏》

(2)惧满溢则思江海而下百川：_________________________________________________(3)振之以威怒：_____________________________________________________________ 答案(1)状语后置句(2)省略句(3)状语后置句

四、重要语句翻译

将下列句子翻译成现代汉语《师说》

9.彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案那些教小孩子的老师，教给他书，(帮助他)学习其中的文句，不是我所说的能传授那些道理解答那些疑难问题的人。

10.巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案巫医乐师和各种工匠这些人，君子们不屑一提，现在他们(君子)的见识竟然赶不上这些人，难道值得奇怪吗！《晏子治东阿》

11.吾以子为可，而使子治东阿，今子治而乱。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案我认为你还可以，才让你去治理东阿；如今(谁知东阿)却被你治理得混乱不堪。12.臣请改道易行，而治东阿，三年不治，臣请死之。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案臣子我请求改变方针和办法来治理东阿，如果三年后还治理不好，就让我为此事而死。13.当此之时，饥者过半矣，君乃反迎而贺。

译文：________________________________________________________________________

答案在这时候，挨饿的百姓已超过半数了，国君您反倒迎接我、祝贺我。14.东阿者，子之东阿也，寡人无复与焉。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案东阿，是您的东阿，我不再干预了。《谏太宗十思疏》

15.思国之安者，必积其德义。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案要使国家安定，一定要积聚它的德义。16.有善始者实繁，能克终者盖寡。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案开头做得好的实在很多，能够坚持到底的大概不多。17.怨不在大，可畏唯人；载舟覆舟，所宜深慎。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案(臣民)对国君的怨恨不在大小，可怕的只是百姓；水能载船也能够颠覆船，这是应该深切警惕的。

18.惧满溢则思江海而下百川。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案恐怕自己骄傲自满，就要想到江海之所以巨大，是因为能居于百川之下。19.忧懈怠则思慎始而敬终。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案忧虑自己松懈懒惰时，就要想到自始至终都要谨慎。20.勇者竭其力，仁者播其惠，信者效其忠。

译文：________________________________________________________________________ 答案勇敢的人就会竭尽他们的威力，仁爱的人就会广施他们的恩惠，诚信的人就会献出他们的忠心。

五、补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分

21.是故______________、____________，________________，师之所存也。

________________，________________，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。是故弟子不必不如师，______________，______________，________________，如是而已。

(《师说》)

答案无贵无贱无长无少道之所存句读之不知惑之不解师不必贤于弟子闻道有先后术业有专攻

22.凡百元首，承天景命，莫不殷忧而道著，功成而德哀。__________，_______。怨不在大，______________；______________，所宜深慎。

简能而任之，__________________。则智者尽其谋，勇者竭其力，__________________，__________________。信者效其忠

(《谏太宗十思疏》)

答案有善始者实繁能克终者盖寡可畏唯人载舟覆舟择善而从之仁者播其惠

必修4文言文复习教案篇2

教学内容：梳理课文内容，体会文章的情感

教学目标：熟练掌握教材内容及梳理本单元在高考中出现的语言运用题

一、单元体制：本单元共三篇课文

《记念刘和珍君》《小狗包弟》《记梁任公先生的一次演讲》，这三篇文章从题目上看均属散文，散文是形散而神不散，神就是文章的情，形散而情聚，情感这条红线贯穿文章的始终。

1.学生有感情的朗读课文，概括文章大意，然后重点读《记念刘和珍君》的第2部分及第4部分，体会《记念刘和珍君》这篇文章当中的情感：

真的猛士，敢于直面惨淡的人生，敢于正视淋漓的鲜血。这是怎样的哀痛者和幸福者？然而造化又常常为庸人设计，以时间的流驶，来洗涤旧迹，仅使留下淡红的血色和微漠的悲哀。在这淡红的血色和微漠的悲哀中，又给人暂得偷生，维持着这似人非人的世界。我不知道这样的世界何时是一个尽头！

我在十八日早晨，才知道上午有群众向执政府请愿的事;下午便得到噩耗，说卫队居然开枪，死伤至数百人，而刘和珍君即在遇害者之列。但我对于这些传说，竟至于颇为怀疑。我向来是不惮以最坏的恶意，来推测中国人的，然而我还不料，也不信竟会下劣凶残到这地步。况且始终微笑着的和蔼的刘和珍君，更何至于无端在府门前喋血呢？

然而即日证明是事实了，作证的便是她自己的尸骸。还有一具，是杨德群君的。而且又证明着这不但是杀害，简直是虐杀，因为身体上还有棍棒的伤痕。

但段政府就有令，说她们是“暴徒”！

但接着就有流言，说她们是受人利用的。

惨象，已使我目不忍视了;流言，尤使我耳不忍闻。我还有什么话可说呢？我懂得衰亡民族之所以默无声息的缘由了。沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

学生自主探究情感，老师根据学生探究的结果板书：

2.学生有感情的朗读小狗包弟，概括文章大意，然后探究情感，老师根据学生探究的结果板书：

3.学生有感情的自由朗读《记梁任公先生的一次演讲》，体会其中蕴含了什么思想情感，学生自主探究，交流，教师汇总：

二、链接高考：在考场中出现的与本单元相关的语言运用题

1.（教师投影，学生欣赏）为刘和珍写一则颁奖词（4分）

刘和珍——在黑暗的时代中，你没有沉论;在严酷的高压下，你没有沉默;在枪弹的攒射中，你依然前行。虑及民族存亡，你黯然泣下，为了国家复兴，你奋然前行。你如流星刹那间闪过，却爆发出夺目的光茫。

2.教师再投影课本中其他几个人物的颁奖词，学生欣赏

易水清寒，夺人心魄，因为它知道自己送走的是一个真正的英雄。你的勇气砥砺了你手中的匕首，你手中的匕首又将你的名字刻在了历史的丰碑上。太子丹的邀请只是你义无反顾的契机，真正让你勇者无惧的是你心中的信仰;为国为民，才是侠之大者！（荆轲）

千军万马，战火纷飞，你是未能加冕的帝王;爱恨情仇，尔虞我诈，你是未能立业的英雄。但你的霸气是许多帝王所不及的，你的豪情是许多英雄所缺少的。霸王不成霸业却一样名垂千古。（项羽）

含垢忍辱，你用顽强之志铸就了史家之绝唱;废寝忘食，你用赤诚之心完成了无韵之离骚。一部《史记》，讲述着一个史学家应有的良知;一部《史记》，见证了一个史学家对历史的忠贞;一部《史记》，记载的不仅仅是历史，更是我们民族坚强不屈的精神。（司马迁）

3.请同学们根据以上的几个人物颁奖词，思考：究竟应该怎样写颁奖词？颁奖词的写作

4.教师再读一则颁奖词，让学生猜写的是谁，进一步体会上面的写作方法

当命运的绳索无情地缚住了双臂，当别人的目光叹息生命的悲哀，他依然固执地为梦想插上翅膀，用双脚在琴键上写下了“相信自己”，那变幻的旋律，正是他努力飞翔的轨迹。（刘伟）

三、作业：请大家尝试为霍金写一则颁奖词

必修4文言文复习教案篇3

1、重点积累相关的文言词语的意义和用法。

2、掌握相关的特殊文言句式。

3、积累课内写作素材。

一、知识回顾

（一）文学常识

《楚辞》作为我国第一部浪漫主义诗歌总集，由于诗歌的形式是在楚国民歌的基础上加工形成，篇中又大量引用楚地的风土物产和方言词汇，所以叫“楚辞”。《楚辞》主要是屈原的作品，其代表作是《离骚》，后人因此又称“楚辞”为“_____”。西汉末年，刘向搜集屈原、宋玉等人的作品，辑录成集。《楚辞》对后世文学影响深远，不仅开启了后来的赋体，而且影响历代散文创作，是我国积极浪漫主义诗歌创作的源头。

（二）实词含义

1、颜色憔悴

2、形容枯槁

3、沧浪之水清兮，可以濯我缨

（三）虚词用法

1、屈原既放

2、是以见放

3、何故深思高举

4、自令放为

5、渔父莞尔而笑

（四）课内外名句

1、予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，______________________________。

2、____________________________，隔江犹唱后庭花。

3、三岁为妇，靡室劳矣；_____________，靡有朝矣。

4、___________________，蓝田日暖玉生烟。

5、千呼万唤始出来，____________________。

6、___________________，非志无以成学。

7、_________________，切问而近思，仁在其中矣。

8、_______________，吾未见其明也。

9、风急天高猿啸哀，____________________。

10、庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶，___________________。

（五）翻译训练

1、何故深思高举，自令放为？

___________________________________________________________________

2、安能以皓皓之白，而蒙世俗之尘埃乎？

___________________________________________________________________

二、能力迁移

二、文言文阅读（18分）

阅读下面一段文言文，完成9—12题。

杨慎，字用修，新都人，少师廷和子也。年二十四，举正德六年殿试第一，授翰林修撰。丁继母忧，服阕起故官。十二年八月，武宗微行，始出居庸关，慎抗疏切谏。寻称疾归。世宗嗣位，起充经筵讲官。常讲《舜典》，言：“圣人设赎刑，乃施于小过，俾民自新。若元恶大奸，无可赎之理。”时大珰①张锐、于经论死，或言进金银获宥，故及之。嘉靖三年，世宗纳桂萼、张璁言，召为翰林学士。慎偕同列三十六人上言：“臣等与萼辈学术不同，议论异。臣等所执者，程颐、朱熹之说也。萼等所执者，冷褒、段犹之余也。今陛下既超擢萼辈，不以臣等言为是，愿赐罢斥。” 世宗怒，切责，停俸有差。逾月，又偕学士丰熙等疏谏。不得命，偕廷臣伏左顺门力谏。帝震怒，命执首事八人下诏狱。于是慎及检讨王元正等撼门大哭，声彻殿庭。帝益怒，悉下诏狱，廷杖之。阅十日，有言前此朝罢，群臣已散，慎、元正及给事中刘济、安磐、张汉卿、张原，御史王时柯实纠众伏哭。乃再杖七人于廷。慎、元正、济并谪戍，余削籍。慎得云南永昌卫。先是，廷和当国，尽斥锦衣冒滥官。及是伺诸途，将害慎，慎知而谨备之，至临清始散去。扶病驰万里，惫甚，抵戍所，几不起。五年闻廷和疾，驰至家。廷和喜，疾愈。还永昌，闻寻甸安铨、武定凤朝文作乱，率僮奴及步卒百余，驰赴木密所与守臣击败贼。八年闻廷和讣，奔告巡抚欧阳重请于朝，获归葬，葬讫复还。自是，或归蜀，或居云南会城，或留戍所，大吏咸善视之。及年七十，还蜀，巡抚遣四指挥逮之还。嘉靖三十八年七月卒，年七十有二。慎幼警敏，十一岁能诗。入京，赋《黄叶诗》，李东阳见而嗟赏，令受业门下。尝奉使过镇江，谒杨一清，阅所藏书。叩以疑义，一清皆成诵。慎惊异，益肆力古学。既投荒②多暇，书无所不览。尝语人曰：“ 资性不足恃，日新德业，当自学问中来。” 故好学穷理，老而弥笃。明世记诵之博，著作之富，推慎为第一。隆庆初，赠光禄少卿。天启中，追谥文宪。【注】①大珰:大宦官。②投荒：被流放边地。

（选自《明史?卷一百九十二?列传第八十》，有删改）

6、对下列句子中加点的词语的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）

A.时大珰张锐、于经论死论：判罪 B.施于小过，俾民自新俾：使 C.命执首事八人下诏狱执：司法官员 D.叩以疑义叩:询问

必修4文言文复习教案篇4

一．知识目标

1．词汇

occupation reporter profession photograph photographer colleague eager concentrate course acquire meanwhile trade recorder case accuse deliberately guilty section technical technically thorough gifted defend crime normal seldom edition department task accurate employ polish note chief approve process intension appointment senior

2. 词组

concentrate on accuse…of so as to defend against

3. 重点句子

1) Can I go out on a story immediately? P26

2) …, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on. P26

3) Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. P26

4) This is a trick of the trade. P26

5) If the person being interviewed agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight. P26

6) Have you ever had a case where soembody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick? P27

7) This is how the story goes.P27

8) A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. P27

4. 语法

倒装句(Inversion)

二. 技能目标

1) Review the basic procedure of making a newspaper and jobs in a newspaper.

2) Revise the basic qualities and skills a journalist should have.

3) Revise how to make an appointment.

4) Revise how to use Inversion correctly.

三．情感目标

学生通过对本单元的复习，了解新闻工作者应具备的基本素质和新闻采访的基本程序。让学生明白一个道理，无论未来从事什么工作，素质条件很重要，从而激发学生努力学习，为自己的未来事业铺平道路。

教学的重点和难点

1) Master the important words and sentences.

2) Revise the Inversion

教学课时安排：共三课时

第一课时：归纳与《高考考试说明》的相关话题词汇，与高考完形填空和阅读理解题进行链接，进一步提升这一类文章的阅读技能。

第二、三课时：单元词汇及重点实用句型并完成本单元的语法讲解和练习。

Part 1 Topic vocabulary

Step1 Teaching content of the unit

Topic vocabulary → MET-linking → Unit vocabulary → Grammar

Step2 Vocabulary revision

1. media 媒体: newspaper 报纸 ( article 文章 ) television 电视 internet 因特网 computer 电脑（ can you think of the parts of the computer?）

2. persons related to news: editor 编辑 chief editor 主编

deputy editor 副主编 sub editor 审校主编 reporter、 journalist记者 photogtapher 摄影记者 cartoonist 漫画家 critic 评论家 correspondent 通讯员 designer 设计者 news desk editor 新闻文字主编

3. other expressions related to the topic: interview people 采访…

校对事实 checks the facts 作些更改makes some changes

拍摄…的照片 takes photographs of … 对…发表评论 gives opinion on …

编排文章和照片lay out articles and photographs

送报纸 deliver newspaper

对某事表示深切关注be deeply concerned about sth.

出去采访 go out on a story 设计主标题 design the main headline

例行新闻发布会regular news conference 进行新闻采访cover a story

4. 新闻[专栏]编辑 the news [department] editor

● 新闻报导的时间性强 News reports must be timely.

● 新闻报道 news [newspaper / press] report ● 新闻道德 press ethics

● 新闻报道使他给人一种不好的印象。 ● 新闻团体 the press corps

Press reports made him appear in a bad light.

● 新闻解说 news explanation ● 新闻媒介 news media

● 新闻界 newspaper world; the journalistic world

● 新闻界人士 people of press circles; personalities in journalism

Step 3 高考链接 --- 05全国I （B）、05福建E、实战演练 -- 完型填空

高考实战演练 ---- 完型填空

Americans today are offered many sources of news. Some say that the United States has become a nation of “news junkies,” or people who are addicted to the news.

With the increased demand for news, __1__ questions have come up about the role of the news media in society, There is criticism that the news media in common are __2__ following the lead of the tabloids (小报 ) and the television shows, which __3__ negative stories of violence, crime, and scandal. Many critics say that the media are focusing too much on __4__ the private lives of celebrities and film stars. These types of stories help to __5__ more newspapers and attract bigger audiences.

This type of tabloid journalism has a number serious __6__, as the media pay attention to stories about the celebrities, crime and scandal, they increasingly __7__ the more important issues that we __8__. Also, some critics fear that media attention to __9__ might lead people to become less __10__ to its effects or even to act violently.

1. A. embarrassing B. academic C. serious D. personal

2. A. carefully B. faithfully C. blindlly D. increasingly

3. A. focus on B. base on C. hold on D. touch on

4. A. involving B. exposing C. mistaking D. displaying

5. A. sell B. advertise C. broadcast D. publish

6. A. causes B. criminals C. consensus(共识) D. consequences

7. A. avoid B. ignore C. raise D. solve

8. A. back B. face C. gather D. relate

9. A. violence B. fight C. battle D. attack

10. A. serious B. considerable C. difficult D. sensitive.

1~5 CDABA 6~10 DBBAD

1. C 新闻媒体在社会中的作用，这种严重的问题出现了。

2. D 新闻媒体的共性是愈加跟随小报和电视节目。

3. A 这些小报和电视节目注重事情的负面性。

4. B 媒体太过集中暴露名人的私生活。

5. A 有助于销售更多的报纸。

6. D 这种小报造成了一些严重的后果。

7. B

8. B 他们日益忽视了我们面临的更重要的社会、政治和经济问题。

9．A 媒体对暴力的关注，重视

10. D 媒体对暴力的关注可能致使人们对其暴力产生的影响越来越不敏感，甚至于会促使暴力行为的发生。

Part 2 Language points

Step1 Words & phrases

A. 完成《名家指路》P161~162 词汇活学活用练习。

B．用所给短语的正确形式完成句子。

accuse…of, ahead of, have a good nose for, concentrate on, so as to, defend ...against，on one’s own, make an appointment, get the wrong end of the stick, the tricks of the trade,

1. All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.

2. Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.

3. I got up early so as to catch the first bus.

4. You got the wrong end of the stick; he doesn’t owe me money, but I owe him!

5. The manager accused one of the hotel servants of stealing money.

6. He is a reporter who has a good nose for news.

7. Although her father is in the firm, she got the job on her own.

8. If you want to start your own car business, you should ask for his advice. He knows all the tricks of the trade.

9. She soon got well ahead of the rest of her class because of her hard work.

10. I made an appointment to meet him on Sunday.

Step2 Important sentences（complete, read, and recite）:

1. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.

2. Not only am I interested in photography but I took a course at university, so it is actually of special interest to me.

3. Here comes my list of “dos” and “don’ts”: don’t be rude, don’t talk too much yourself, and make sure you listent to the answers carefully.

4. Meanwhile, you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.

5. Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?

6. This is how the story goes.

7. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.

8. I’m looking forward to my first assignment as a reporter. Perhaps I too will get a scoop!

9. The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.

What’s the main idea of this passage?

This passage is about Zhou Yang’s first assignment at the office of China Daily. And his discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.

Step3 Sentences learning:

1. Now discuss in your group what the first day would be like, and how you would feel if you were to work for a famous newspaper or company.

这里if 引导虚拟条件句,表示与将来的事实相反。虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式;用来表示一种假设、愿望、建议、命令、可能等。注意下面表格中的主句与从句时态。

相关时态从句形式主句形式

表现在过去式 would/could/should /might + V 原

表过去 had+ V-ed would/could/should/might+ have done

表将来 ① 过去式

②should +V原

③were to +V 原 would/could/should /might + V 原

Eg. If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

If I were you, I would go there at once.

If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out.

2. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.

a. be to +动词原形,这里表示将来的时态,有注定的意味。否定形式be (not) to +动词原形表示一种可能性。

Eg. He is never to see his wife again.

His continuous effort is to make him a successful man.

The lost child was not to be found.

b. be to +动词原形可以表示一种责任,需要,警告或命令的语气。

Eg. You are to be back before 10pm.

I am to inform you that your wife was killed in the accident.

C. be to +动词原形也可以表示一种不会改变的安排或意向。

Eg. They are to be married next month.

The conference is to be held on March 25th.

3. No need for a camera. 此句是省略句, 原句为: There is no need for a camera.

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 没有必要做某事情

Eg. There is no need to be in such a hurry（这么匆忙）.

类似句型： There is/was no use doing 干、、、无意义

There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、、、更糟的

Eg. There is nothing worse than going out in the cold with wet hair.

没有比在大冷天头发湿着外出更糟糕的事了。

There is/was no point (in)doing 干、、、无意义

Eg. There is no point in getting angry. 发火事无用的。

4. …looking forward to … 盼望,期望, to 是介词,后面跟名词、代词、动名词

Eg. He is looking forward to being a scientist. 他期望着成为一名科学家。

类似短语有： pay attention to 注意… stick to 坚持…

lead to 导致… be used to习惯于 adjust to 适应…

devote to 献身于… refer to 提及，提到 make contributions to …为…做贡献

其余知识点拓展参考《名家指路》 P162 ~ P163

Step4 Homework

A. 中译英

1. 21世纪报有不同的版面，包括每周新闻，今日世界，学生报道等。

21st Century has sections of different kinds, including News of the Week, Today’s World and Students reports.

2. 它图文并茂。

There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles in it./ It includes plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles.

3. 有助于学生学习英语词汇，提高英语水平和获取各种信息。因此，很受学生的欢迎并为大众所知。

It helps to learn more new English words to improve our English and get all kinds of information. So it is very popular with students and is known to all.

B. 读写任务：

I like watching TV very much for I think it has many advantages. First of all, watching TV is a good rest. After a day of hard work, we need a good rest. Watching TV can make our mind and body much relaxed because of the pleasant music and TV plays.

Besides, watching TV is entertaining. There are many kinds of entertainment, such as sports activities, singing and dancing concerts, plays and films all over the world at every time. It’s not possible for us to go to every place to enjoy all the activities within a short time. We need at least over ten hours to fly from New York to Paris, a week by train from Beijing to Moscow and an hour to drive from Queens District to Manhattan District. But within just one second, TV can bring us from an NBA game in New York to a fashion show in Paris.

Most importantly, watching TV is educational. Our children can learn all kinds of subjects through the educational programs and the special reports on TV, and it’s easy for them to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian lessons from a Russian teacher in Moscow. Even we can learn how to behave well from the TV plays.

[写作内容]： 1. 以大约30个词概括短文的内容要点;

2. 就 “My View on Watching TV” 这个主题, 谈谈你的感想. 这部分的词数大约120. 内容至少包括以下要点:

1，作为中学生,请你谈谈对看电视的看法; 2）中学生如何处理看电视与学习之间的关系.

[写作要求]：你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

Part 3 Grammar

Inversions -----倒装

英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。

A. 全部倒装

1. 用于 there be 句型。E.g. There are many students in the classroom.

主语位于谓语are there之后, 原句自然顺序是：

Many students are there in the classroom.

2. 用于“here (there, now, then) + 不及物动词 + 主语的句型中, 或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调。

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

Now comes our turn.

Out went the children.

3. 表语置于句首时, 倒装结构采用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”的结构

1). 形容词＋连系动词＋主语

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.

2) 过去分词＋连系动词＋主语

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.

3) 介词＋连系动词＋主语

Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

4. 为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或为了使上下文结构紧凑。

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.

B．部分倒装

1. 用于疑问句 Do you speak English?

2. 用于省略if 的虚拟条件句

Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.

由 If you had reviewed your lessons 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。

3. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词)＋ as (though)” 引导的让步状语从句。

Pretty as she is, she in not clever.

Try as he would, he might fail again.

Money as they had, they don’t know how to spend it.

4. 用于no sooner than, hardly when 和 not until的句型中。

No sooner had she gone out than the class began.

Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

5. 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, at no time, not only 等否定词开头的句子里。

Never shall I do this again.

At no time can you say “no” to the order.

Little do I dream I would see you here.

6. 用于only开头的句子(only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句)

Only in this way can you lean English well.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

7. 用于 so, nor, neither 开头的句子,表示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓语的时态形式一致。

He has been to Beijing. So have I.

Jack can not answer the question. Neither can I.

8. 在 so / such that 的结构中,若so 置于句首,则句子部分倒装

So difficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out.

Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.

9. 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人所说的, 主语是名词时, 用倒装结构。主语是代词时, 一般不用倒装结构。

“ Let’ go,” said the man / he said.

10. 用于某些祝愿的句子。

May you succeed.

Homework A. 用倒装句翻译下列句子。

1. 教堂附近有一间破旧的小屋。

Near the church was a ruined cottage.

2. 他一点也不知道, 警察就要逮捕他了。

Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him.

3. 如果我了解你的意图我就不会浪费时间向你解释了。

Had I realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.

4. 那记号很小，我几乎看不到。

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

5. 虽然她很勤奋，考试却很少及格。

Diligent as she is, she seldom passes her examinations.

6. 以前我从未见过他。

Never before have I met him.

7. 我们不仅不该怕困难，我们还要尽量克服它。

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

8. 老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。

In came the teacher with a book in his hand.

B. Finish the exercises in the reference book on page 323 for consolidation.

高考链接

05全国I （B）

MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen ＄10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security（安全）rules.

The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church.

There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.

As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this area is closed on Sundays, so he just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him he had been caught on carnera crossing the border illegally（非法）.

Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.

Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like I’m living in a prison,” he said.

59．We learn from the text that Richard Albert is .

A．an American living in Township 15

B．a Canadian living in a Quebec village

C．a Canadian working in a customs station

D．an American working in a Canadian church

60．Albert was fined because he .

A．failed to obey traffic rules B．broke the American security rules

C．worked in St. Pamphile without a pass D．damaged the gate of the customs office

61．The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means .

A．a drive through the town B．a race across the fields

C．a roundabout way of travelling D．a journey in the mountain area

62．What would be the best title for the text?

A．A Cross-country Trip B．A Special Border Pass

C．An Unguarded Border D．An Expensive Church Visit

05全国I （B）

[语篇理解] 首句是本篇的中心句：一位美国公民星期天跨越美加边界去教堂，违反了华盛顿严厉的新安全条例，被罚一万美元。准确理解本句是把握全篇的关键。本篇篇幅略长（共291词），信息结构复杂，长难句较多（第三段是一句话，共33词），考生在短时间内弄清楚整个事件的来龙去脉并非易事。

1. A。第二段的第二句：Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, … “像其他生活在Township15的6个人一样，跨越边界是Albert的日常行为。”上文提到他受到华盛顿方面的处罚，下文提到他要去的是加拿大的St. Pamphile村庄，综合以上信息可以得出正确的判断。

2. B。文章的首句有明确的信息。

3. C。当美方自上一个五月停止这一做法后，当地人回家时被迫绕道走200英里的山路，通过另一个检查站而得以回家，因此detour在文中的意思应为C项内容。

4. D。本文主要说的是，新安全条例的颁布使住在美加边境的人因越境去教堂礼拜成为非法而受到高额罚款。故D项最符合题意。

05福建E

NEWS BRIEF

●Prime Minister Tony Blair new allegations(指控) on Thursday that he misled Parliament and the public in making the case for the war in Iraq after he disclosed his chief legal adviser’s written opinion raising questions about the legality(合法) of the war.

●U.S. Forest Service officials are reminding people to stay off Forest Service roads that are closed. The fine for disobeying the rule of road closures is a maximum of ＄5,000 fine and/ or six months in prison. Those who enter the area and cause road damage may also be required to pay for repairs.

●In a second study presented at the meeting, scientists from the UK and Denmark showed that even a few days of high temperatures can severely reduce production of crops such as wheat, soybeans, rice and groundnuts, if it occurs when the plants are flowering.

●A bomb exploded in Thailand’s mainly Muslin south on Sunday, killing two policemen and wounding three others, a day after Thailand’s queen condemned those behind a 15-month wave of violence(暴力).

●Mechanicsburg 3, West York 1: Ken Stamper and Rusty Bowman had seven kills each, and Ryan Warfield had six to lead the Wildcats past the Bulldogs, 25-11, 25-15, 15-25, 25-23, in a non-league match.

72．The news brief covers _____________.

A．war, law, violence, culture and agriculture

B．sports, war, violence, politics and climate

C．politics, culture, violence, climate and sports

D．violence, sports, politics, law and agriculture

73．From the news brief, we can learn that ____________.

A．the Bulldogs defeated the Wildcats by 3-1 in a non-league match

B．Forest Service roads are closed for repairs before they are opened again

C．quite a few violent accidents happened in Tailand before the latest one

D．the British people think the decision made by Blair about the war is of legaliry

74．According to the U.S. Forest Service officials, those who enter the area and damage the closed roads __________.

A．shall have to pay a $ 5,000 fine for the repairs to them

B．shall be fined or put in prison, and may pay for the repairs

C．shall be fined $ 5,000 and kept in prison for six months

D．shall pay a fine and repair the roads as a punishment

75．The study of the scientists from the UK and Denmark is about ____________.

A．the importance of climate and the growth of crops

B．the damage caused by high temperatures to some crops

C．the relationship between crops flowering and high temperatures

D．the effect of high temperatures on the production of some crops

【语篇理解】此篇是几则新闻的综述，内容涉及：1. 布莱尔面临指控；2）美国森林管委会禁止行人及车辆在已关闭的道路上行走；3）英国和丹麦科学家声明，连续几天的高温将破坏作物的生长；4）泰国炸弹爆炸事件；5）一则体育新闻。

72. D。主旨大意题，这五则新闻分别是政治、法律、农业科学、暴力以及体育方面的。

73. C。推断题。由第四则新闻的最后一句“。。。after Thailand’s queen …”可知此前，暴力事件不断，故C项正确。最后一则新闻可知，Wildcats 以3：1击败了Bulldogs，A项错误。第二则新闻的最后一句意为：如果人们进入这一地区并破坏了道路，他们必须掏钱支付修路的费用，所以B项也是错误的。在第一则新闻中，布莱尔遭到指控是由于他误导国会和民众，使对伊战合法化，故D项错误。

74. B。细节题。由第二条新闻中的后两句可知，违者将被罚5000美元或受到六个月的监禁；造成道路毁坏的，还得支付维修费用。

必修四文言文复习学案篇5

（九）一、六国论

1、通假字

①暴秦之欲无厌（“厌”通“餍”，满足）②当与秦相较，或未易量（“当”通“倘”，如果）

2、古今异义词

①弊在赂秦（赂：割让土地以奉送）

②与战胜而得者，其实百倍（其实：这实际上）③思厥先祖父（祖父：祖辈和父辈）

④至于颠覆，理固宜然（至于：到„„。颠覆：灭亡）⑤至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉（速：招致）⑥后秦击赵者再（再：两次）⑦可谓智力孤危（智力：智谋与力量）⑧而从六国破亡之故事（故事：先例，旧例）

3、文言实词（1）判

①遂判为十二，合为七国（柳宗元《封建论》）（动词，分，分开）②故不战而强弱胜负以判矣（动词，区分，辨别）

③太尉判状辞甚巽（巽：恭顺）（柳宗元《段太尉逸事状》）（动词，判决）④是非已付渔樵判（动词，评判，判断。这是后起义）

⑤陈镇安武胜军节度使、司徒兼郎中，判相州（《宋史•韩琦传》）（动词，高位兼低职，或出任地方

官）（2）速

①至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉（动词，招致）

②有不速之客三人来（《周易•需》）（动词，邀请，迎请）③今不速往，恐为操所先（《赤壁之战》）（形容词，快速，迅速）（3）劫

①今乃与王黄等劫掠代地（《史记•高祖本纪》）（动词，强夺，掠取）②而为秦人积威之所劫（动词，威逼，威胁，胁迫，挟制）③因劫众，众不敢不听（《史记•高祖本纪》）（动词，威逼，胁迫）④桑海几经尘劫换（名词，佛教称世界由生到灭的一个轮回为一劫）（4）赂秦而力亏（赂：动词，割让土地以奉送）（5）然则诸侯之地有限（然则：既然这样，那么）（6）与赢而不助五国也（与：结交，亲附）（7）洎牧以谗诛（副词，等到，及）

（8）向使三国各爱其地（向使：假使。爱：爱惜）（9）则胜负之数（数：天数，命运）（10）当与秦相较，或未易量（量：估量）

（11）而从六国破亡之故事（从：动词，跟随，追随）

4、文言虚词（1）而

①赂秦而力亏（因果连词）②与战胜而得者（顺承连词）

③起视四境，而秦兵又至矣（转折连词）④与赢而不助五国也（转折连词）⑤二败而三胜（并列连词）⑥惜其用武而不终也（转折连词）（2）以

①不赂者以赂者丧（介词，因为）②举以予人（介词，把）

③以地事秦，犹抱薪救火（介词，用，拿）④洎牧以谗诛（介词，因为）

⑤以赂秦之地封天下之谋臣（介词，用，拿）⑥日削月割，以趋于亡（连词，以致，表结果）

⑦暴霜露，斩荆棘，以有尺寸之地（连词，才，因而，表结果）⑧苟以天下之大（介词，凭着，靠着）

5、词类活用

①至于颠覆，理固宜然（理：名状，按道理讲）②能守其土，义不赂秦（义：名状，坚守道义）③李牧连却之（却：使动，使„„退却，打退）④以事秦之心礼天下之奇才（礼：名动，礼遇，礼待）⑤日削月割，以趋于亡（日、月：名状）

⑥小则获邑，大则得城（小、大：形名，小的土地，大的土地）

6、文言句式

①举以予人（省略句）②赵尝五战于秦（状语后置）③洎牧以谗诛（被动句）④而为秦人积威之所劫（被动句）⑤为国者无使为积威之所劫哉！（被动句）⑥其势弱于秦（状语后置）

⑦苟以天下之大（定语后置）

7、固定句式

然则：即然这样，那么„„

二、阿房宫赋

1、古今异义词

①直走咸阳（走：跑，奔，有“趋向”之意）

②各抱地势，钩心斗角（钩心斗角：各种建筑都与中心建筑钩连，相邻的屋角互相对峙，好像兵戈

相斗）

③而气候不齐（气候：雨雪阴晴等情况。今义为“一个地区的气候概况”）④韩魏之经营（经营：金玉珠宝。今义为“筹划并管理（企业等）”）⑤齐楚之精英（精英：金玉珠宝。今义为“精华”，也指“出类拔萃的人”）

2、文言实词（1）一

①六王毕，四海一（数动，统一）②五步一楼（数量词，一座）

③固知一死生为虚诞（数词的意动用法，把„„看作相同）④夫人之相与，俯仰一世（副词，全部，整个）⑤用心一也（形容词，专一）

（2）歌台暖响（响：名词，声音，歌声）

（3）缦立远视，而望幸焉（幸：帝王对女子的宠爱）

（4）剽掠其人，倚叠如山（剽：掠夺。掠：掠夺。剽掠：同义复词连用）（5）爱

①秦爱纷奢（动词，喜爱，爱好）②使六国各爱其人（动词，爱护）（6）缦立远视（缦：副词，久）

3、词类活用

①六王毕，四海一（数动，统一）②骊山北构而西折（名状，向北，向西）③辇来于秦（名状，乘车辇）④朝歌夜弦（名状，在早上，在夜晚）⑤蜂房水涡（名状，像蜂房，像水涡）⑥族秦者秦也（名动，灭族）

⑦后人哀之而不鉴之（哀：为动用法，为„„而哀；鉴：意动，以„„为鉴）⑧戍卒叫，函谷举（被动，被„„攻占）⑨楚人一炬，可怜焦土（名动，变成了焦土）

必修四文言文复习学案

（十）三、滕王阁序

1、通假字

①俨骖騑于上路（“俨”通“严”，整治）②云销雨霁，彩彻区明（“销”通“消”，指云气消散，雨过天晴）③时运不齐，命途多舛（“齐”通“济”，通达，顺利）④所赖君子见机（“机”通“几”，细微的预兆）

2、古今异义词

①穷且益坚（穷：困厄，处境艰难）②千里逢迎，高朋满座（逢迎：迎接）

③北海虽赊，扶摇可接（赊：远。扶摇：猛烈的旋风）

3、文言实词（1）数

①兴尽悲来，识盈虚之有数（名词，天数，定数）②范增数目项王（副词，屡次）

③数吕师孟叔侄为逆（动词，列举罪状）④今夫弈之为数，小数也（名词，追究到底）（2）穷

①穷岛屿之萦回（动词，穷尽）

②穷且益坚（名词，困厄，处境艰难）③不忍穷竟其事（动词，追究到底，究查）（3）属

①时维九月，序属三秋（zhǔ，副词，适逢，恰好）②有良田美池桑竹之属（shǔ,名词，类）

③在骨髓，司命之所属（shǔ，动词，归属，隶属）④平原君使者冠盖相属于魏（zhǔ，动词，接连，跟随）⑤屈平属草稿未定（zhǔ，动词，连缀，撰写）⑥属予作文以记之（zhǔ，通“嘱”，动词，嘱托）（4）数

①识盈虚之有数（名词，定数）②一曲红绡不知数（名词，数量）

③今夫弈之为数，小数也（名词，技艺，技能）④数吕师孟叔侄为逆（动词，列举罪状）⑤而公子亲数存之（shuò,副词，屡次）（5）引

①控蛮荆而引瓯越（动词，连接）②恭疏短引（名词，序言）

③司马懿引二十万军（动词，带领，率领）

④初一交战，操军不胜，引次江北（动词，退却，避开）

⑤引赵使者蔺相如（动词，延请）

⑥见人方引婴儿欲投之江中（动词，拉，牵引）⑦一人蛇先成，引酒且饮（动词，拿，举）⑧虞常果引张胜（动词，牵引，牵涉，牵连）

4、文言虚词（1）故

①豫章故郡（形容词，旧有的）

②广故数言欲亡（副词，故意，特意）③桓侯故使人问之（副词，特意）④既克，公问其故（名词，原因）

⑤三日断五匹，大人故嫌迟（副词，仍然）⑥君安与项伯有故（名词，老交情）（2）尽

①宾主尽东南之美（副词，全，都）②潦水尽而寒潭清（动词，消失）③则智者尽其谋（动词，全部用出）④聊乘化以归尽（动词，终结，指死亡）

5、词类活用

①襟三江而带五湖（襟：名词的意动用法，以„„为衣襟。

带：名词的意动用法，以„„为衣带。）

②徐孺下陈蕃之榻（下：使动用法，使„„放下）

③雄州雾列，俊采星驰（雾：名状，像雾那样。星：名状，像星星那样。）④目吴会于云间（目：名动，看）

⑤屈贾谊于长沙，非无圣主（屈：使动，使„„受屈）⑥窜梁鸿于海曲，岂乏明时（窜：使动，使„„逃亡）⑦宾主尽东南之美（美：形名，才俊）

⑧兰亭已矣，梓泽丘墟（丘墟：名动，变成废墟）

6、文言句式

①童子何知，躬逢胜饯（宾语前置）②纤歌凝而白云遏（被动句）

③舍簪笏于百龄，奉晨昏于万里（状语后置）④渔舟唱晚（省略句）

7、涉及的典故（略）

四、报任安书

1、通假字

①其次诎体受辱（“诎”通“屈”，弯曲）②其次关木索、被箠楚受辱（“箠”通“棰”，杖）③其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱（“剔”通“剃”，剃除）④见狱吏则头枪地（“枪”通“抢”，碰撞）⑤及以至是（“以”通“已”，已经）⑥及罪至罔加（“罔”同“网”，法网）⑦思垂空文以自见（“见”通“现”，表现）⑧则仆偿前辱之责（“责”通“债”）⑨古者富贵而名摩灭（“摩”通“磨”，磨灭）⑩大底圣贤发愤之所为作也（“底”通“抵”）⑾放失旧闻（“失”通“佚”，散失）

2、古今异义词

①意者勤勤恳恳（勤勤恳恳：诚挚恳切。）②下流多谤议（下流：指负罪受辱的处境。）③唯倜傥非常之人称焉（非常：非同寻常。）④大底圣贤发愤之所为作也（发愤：抒发愤懑）⑤太史公牛马走再拜云（再拜：拜两拜。

牛马走：谦辞，像牛马那样供人驱使的仆人。）

⑥素所自树立使然也（树立：立身处世）⑦恨私心有所不尽（私心：自己内心）

3、文言实词（1）望

①若望仆不相师（动词，埋怨，责怪）②吾尝跂而望矣（动词，向远处看）

③君既若见录，不久望君来（动词，盼望，期望）

④三十日不还，则请立太子为王，以绝秦望（名词，念头）⑤先达德隆望尊（名词，名望，声望）

⑥壬戌之秋，七月既望（名词，望日，农历每月十五日，十六日为既望。）⑦单于益骄，非汉所望也（动词，希望）（2）物

①随风潜入夜，润物细无声（名词，事物，东西）

②不以物喜，不以己悲（名词，外物，与“自己”相对，指自己以外的人或事物。）

③教以慎于接物、推贤进士为务（名词，外物，与“自己”相对，指自己以外的人或事物。）④君子以言有物而行有恒（名词，事物的内容，实质）（3）用