英文演讲稿中英文对照

英文演讲稿中英文对照（精选8篇）

英文演讲稿中英文对照 篇1

[dvnews_page]IfThereWereNoAfterLife翻译：北京外国语大学北戴河外语培训基地副校长张宝丹

Whetherthere’safterlife,theawerhasneverbeenthesame.Theatheistsdenyafterlife,believingthatourlifeisnomorethanfromthecradletothegrave.Theymaycareabouttheirillustriousnamesafterdeath;theymayfeelattachedtotheaffectionoftheiroffring,buttheyneverlaytheirhopesontheirafterlife.Theymay

alsosaythatgoodwillberewardedwithgood,andevilwithevil,buttheydon’treallybelieveanyretributionintheirafterlife.However,inthereligiousworldoramongthesuperstitiouspeople,thebeliefinafterlifeisverypopular.Theydonotonlybelieveinafterlife,butthousandsofreincarnatioaswell.Inthemysteriousworld,therearetheparadiseandthehell,thecelestialbeingsandthegods,theBuddhaandtheBodhisattvas.Maybetheyreallybelievedit,ormaybetheyjustwantedtomakeuseofpeople’sveneration,theancientemperorsalwaysdeclaredthattheyweretherealdrago,thesoofGod,whiletheroyalministersclaimedtobethereincarnatioofvariouscotellatio.Butcanthestarsreincarnate?

Manypeopleburninceeandkowtow,dogooddeedsandstriveforvirtues,notjustforthepresent,butmainlytoletGodseetheirsinceritysoastoberebornintoabetterafterlife,ortoachievethehighestenlightenmentafterseverallivesofpractice.Theydobelieveinafterlife.ButIcan’thelpasking:Suosetherewerenoafterlife,wouldyoustilldogooddeedsandstriveforvirtues?AndIfGoddoesnotseewhatyouaredoing,wouldyoustillbesouprightandselfle?Ifyouwork,notforservingthepublicandliberatingtheothers,butjustforabetterafterlifeofyourown,i’titalittletooselfish?Comparingwiththiskindofbelievers,thosewhodon’tbelieveinafterlife,butstillkeepdoinggooddeeds,arethemostsincereandhonestphilanthropists,becausetheydothemnotforthemselvesbutforother.YoumaywonderifIbelieveinafterlife.Myaweris:Iknownothingaboutmypreviouslife,soIdarenotmakeimpropercommentsonafterlife.ButIdohopethere’safterlife!Becauseourpresentlifeissoshortthatsomanythingsslipawaybeforeourproperunderstanding.Ihavesomanydreams,somanywishes,somanyambitio,aswellassomanyregretsandconcer.Iftherewerenoafterlife,allofthemwillremainunrealized!

I’

mnotcontentedwiththepresentcommolacelife,I’mverymuchattachedtotheaffectiothatshouldhavebeenminebuthavebeenwashedawaybythehurryingtime,andIyearnfortheperfectionandmaturityifIcouldstartalloveragain.Sobelieveitornot,I’

drathertherewereafterlife.TralatedbyZhangBaodan(Diana)

May1,200

4假如没有来世北京外国语大学北戴河外语培训基地校长宋远利

有没有来世，众说纷纭。无神论者，不相信来世。他们认为从生到死，仅此而已。他们可能在意身后的英名，他们可能留恋后代的亲情，但他们不寄希望于来世。他们也会说善有善报，恶有恶报，但并不相信下辈子报应什么。

在宗教领域、或在一些迷信的人群，来世之说比较盛行。不仅是来世，甚至会认为有千百次的轮回。在那未知而飘渺的世界，有天堂，有地狱，有神族，有仙界，有菩萨、有佛祖。

也许真的相信、也许是为了利用人们的敬畏心里，古代的帝王们总是宣称自己是真龙天子，大臣们则标榜为天上的什么文曲星、武曲星或太白金星转世。星星能转世吗？

许多人烧香、磕头，行善、修德，并不都是为了眼前，而是为了让上天看见自己的真诚，以便下辈子有个好的托生，或者几世之后能修成正果。这些人自然是相信来世的。但我不禁要问：如果没有来世，你们会不会一样行善、修德呢？如果神灵看不见，你们是否也会公正无私呢？如果不是为了解脱他人和服务大众才去修行，如果仅仅是为了自己将来托生好才去行善，是否有些自私呢？比较起来，那些不相信来世而又坚持行善的人，则应该是最真、最诚的大善。因为他们不是为自身，而是为公理。

也许有人会问作者，你相信来世吗？我的回答是：我不知道前生，因而也不敢妄谈后世。但我真的希望能有来世！因为这辈子时间太短，许多事情都是在还没弄明白的时候，就已经匆匆过去了。我有那么多的理想，我有那么多的心愿，我有那么多的奢望，我有那么多的遗憾，我有那么多的牵挂，我有那么多的雄心壮志，如果没有来世，那就一切皆空了。

我不甘心眼前的碌碌无为，我留恋被岁月冲走的本应属于我的亲情，更向往从头再来的完美和成熟。为此，信也好，不信也好，我宁愿有来世。

宋远利

2003．6．22

EMAIL:SongYuanLi52@yahoo.com.cn

英文演讲稿中英文对照 篇2

该EEC指令由《汽车文摘》杂志编辑部负责向汽车行业各企业推广销售,价格为7500元/套,欢迎各企业来电咨询购买。

联系人:杜女士

电话:0431:85789859传真:0431:85789810

国外机场指示牌中英文对照 篇3

机场费 airport fee 出站

国际机场 international airport

国内机场 domestic airport

机场候机楼 airport terminal

国际候机楼 international terminal

国际航班出港 international departure

国内航班出站 domestic departure

卫星楼 satellite

入口 in

出口 exit; out; way out

进站(进港、到达）arrivals

不需报关 nothing to declare

海关 customs

登机口 gate; departure gate

候机室 departure lounge

航班号 FLT No flight number

来自…… arriving from

预计时间 scheduled time (SCHED)

实际时间 actual

已降落 landed

前往…… departure to0

起飞时间 departure time

延误 delayed

登机 boarding

餐厅 restaurant

由此上楼 up; upstairs

由此下楼 down;downstairs

银行 bank

订旅馆 hotel reservation

行李暂存箱 luggage locker

出港、离开 departures

登机手续办理 check-in

登机牌 boarding pass (card)

护照检查处 passport control immigration

行李领取处 luggage claim; baggage claim

国际航班旅客 international passengers

中转 transfers

中转旅客 transfer passengers

中转处 transfer correspondence

过境 transit

报关物品 goods to declare

贵宾室 V. I. P. room

購票处 ticket office

付款处 cash

出租车 taxi

出租车乘车点Taxipick-up point

大轿车乘车点coachpick-up point

航空公司汽车服务处airline coach

租车处(旅客自己驾车)car hire

公共汽车 bus; coach service

公用电话 public phone; telephone

厕所 toilet; lavatories; rest room

男厕 men‘s; gent‘s; gentlemen‘s

女厕 women‘s; lady‘s

迎宾处 greeting arriving

咖啡馆 coffee shop; cafe

免税店 duty-free shop?

邮局 post office

旅行安排 tour arrangement

中英文对照：七段经典演讲 篇4

【字體：大 中 小】

一〃

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money, it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits.These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to , but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.幸福並不在於單純的佔有金錢，幸福還在於取得成功後的喜悅，在於創造努力時的激情。務必不能再忘記勞動帶來的喜悅和激勵，而去瘋狂追逐那轉瞬即逝的利潤。如果這些黯淡的日子能使我們認識到，我們真正的使命不是要別人侍奉，而是要為自己和同胞們服務的話，那麼，我們付出的代價是完全值得的。

HELP:

stimulation: n.激勵，刺激

evanescent: adj.漸漸消失的，易消散的 profit： vi.得益，利用

二〃

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed-we hold theses truths to be self-Oevident, that all men are created equal.I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.i have a dream today!When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children-black men and white men , jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants-will be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “free at least ,free at last.Thank God Almighty, we are free at last.”

我有一個夢：有一天，這個國家將站起來，並實現他的信條的真正含義：我們將捍衛這些不言而喻的真理，即所有人生來帄等。我有一個夢：有一天在喬治亞洲紅色的山丘上，從前的奴隸的子孫們能和奴隸主的子孫們像兄弟一樣坐在同一張桌旁；我有一個夢我的四個孩子有一天將生活在這樣一個國度，在那裏，人們不以膚色，而是以品格來評價他們。當自由的鐘聲響起的時候，當我們讓它從每一個村莊，每一個州，每一個城市響起的時候，我們將能夠加速這一天的到來。那是，上帝所有的孩子，無論黑人白人還是猶太人，異教徒。天主教徒，還是新教徒，他們都能夠手挽手歌唱那古老的黑人聖歌：“終於自由了，終於自由了，感謝上帝，我們終於自由了！”

HELP：

Creed： n.信條

Brotherhood : n.手足情意，兄弟關係

三〃

I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, it is victory.Victory at all costs? Victory in spite of all terrors? Victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized, no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire has stood for , no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall more forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope.I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.”

我能奉獻的唯有熱血、辛勞、淚水和汗水。我們所面臨的將是一場極為殘酷的考驗，我們面臨的將是曠日持久的鬥爭和苦難。你若問我們的目標是什麼？我可以用一個詞來概括，那就是勝利。不惜一切代價去奪取勝利，不畏懼一切恐怖去奪取勝利，不論前路再長再苦也要多去勝利，因為沒有勝利糾無法生存！我們必須意識到，沒有勝利就沒有大英帝國，沒有勝利就沒有大英帝國所象徵的一切，沒有勝利就沒有多少世紀以來強烈的要求和衝動：人類應當向自己的目標邁進。此刻，我的精神振奮，滿懷信心地承當起自己的人物。我確信，只要我們大家聯合，我們的事業就不會挫敗。此時此刻千鈞一髮之際，我覺得我有權要求各方面的支持。我要呼籲：“來吧，讓我們群策努力，並肩邁進！”

HELP：

Grievous: adj.令人憂傷的 Buoyancy: n.浮性 浮力 輕快

Entitled： adj.有資格的 四.My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of men.Finally whether you are citizens of America, or citizens of the world, ask of us here, the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience of our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth, God’s work must truly be our own.--By John F.Kennedy

美國同胞們，不要問美國能為你們做些什麼，應該問你們能為美國貢獻些什麼。全世界的同胞們，不要問美國將為你做些什麼，應該問我們一同能為人類的自由做些什麼。最後，無論你是美國公民還是其他國家的同胞，你們應該要求我們獻出我們同樣要求於你們的高度的力量和犧牲。無愧於心是我們惟一可靠的獎賞，歷史是我們行動最終的裁判。這一切讓我們大步向前，去引領我們所熱愛的這片土地。我們祈求上帝的保佑和幫助，但我們很清楚，上帝在塵世的工作必定是我們自己的工作。

--[美]約翰•甘迺迪

HELP：

citizen: n.市民,公民

sacrifice: n./ v.犧牲,獻身

conscience: n.良心,道德心

五〃

Let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself-nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory and I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties.They concern, thank God, only material things.--By Franklin D.Roosevelt

讓我來表明我堅定的信念：我們不得不害怕的其實就是害怕本身--一種莫名奇妙的、喪失理智的、毫無根據的恐懼。它把人們轉退為進所需要的種種努力化為泡影。但凡在我國生活烏雲密佈的時刻，坦率而有活力的領導都得到過人民的理解和支持，從而為勝利準備了不可缺少的必要條件。我相信，在目前危機的時刻，大家會再次給與同樣的支持。我和你們都要以這種精神來共同面對困難。感謝上帝，這些困難只是物質方面的。

--[美]弗蘭克林•羅斯福

HELP：

unreasoning: adj.喪失理智的 unjustified: adj.毫無根據的 frankness: n.率直,坦白

六〃

In this symposium, better is it to only sit in silence.To express one’s feelings as the end draws near is too intimate a task.That I would mention only one thought that comes to me as a listener-in: the riders in a race do not stop short when they reach the goal, there is a little finishing canter before coming to a standstill, there is time to hear the kind voice of friends, and to say to oneself, the work is done.But just as one says that, the answer comes, the race is over, but the work never is done while the power to work remains.The canter that brings you to a standstill need not be only coming to rest;it cannot be while you still live.But to live is to function, that is all there is in living.So I end with a land from a Latin voice: death, death, clutches my ear, and says, live, I am coming.--By Oliver Wendell Holmes

此刻，沉默是金。要在生命即將完結之時表達個人感受並非易事。但我只是想談談作為一名傾聽者的看法。騎士們並非一到終點就立刻止步。他們繼續緩步向前，傾聽朋友們的歡呼。他們雖然告訴自己行程已經結束了。正如人們所說結果出來了,比賽結束了。但只要動力仍在，人生之旅就尚未結束。終點之後的慢跑並非停止不前，因為活著便不能如此。活著就要有所作為，這才是生命的真諦。最後謹以一句古拉丁格言與各位共勉：死神不止，奮鬥不止。

--[美]奧利佛•文德爾•荷默斯

HELP：

in this symposium:此刻

At this timegoal: n.目的,目標

standstill: n.停止

七〃

The grandest of these ideals is an unfolding American promise that everyone belongs, that everyone deserves a chance that no insignificant person was ever born.Americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws.And though our nation has sometimes halted, and sometimes delayed, we must follow no other course.Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea.Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.Our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along.And even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel.--By George W.Bush

這些理想中最偉大的是正在慢慢實現的美國的承諾，這就是：每個人都有自身的價值，每個人都有成功的機會，每個人天生都會有所作為的。美國人民肩負著一種使命，那就是要竭力將這個諾言變成生活中和法律上的現實。雖然我們的國家過去在追求實現這個承諾的途中停滯不前甚至倒退，但我們仍將堅定不移地完成這一使命。在上個世紀的大部分時間裏，美國自由民主的信念猶如洶湧大海中的岩石。現在它更像風中的種子，把自由帶給每個民族。在我們的國家，民主不僅僅是一種信念，而是全人類的希望；民主，我們不會獨佔，而會竭力讓大家分享；民主，我們將銘記於心並且不斷傳播。225年過去了，我們仍有很長的路要走。

--[美]喬治•布希

HELP：

insignificant: adj.無關緊要的、可忽略的 democracy: n.民主政治、民主主義

英文演讲稿中英文对照 篇5

我今晚不是以美国总统的身份向各位发言，我也不是一个国家的元首，而是人类的一员，人类面对的最大的挑战。圣经上说这是世界末日，万物毁灭。不过这是地球历上人类首次有能力避免遭到毁灭，我要让大家知道，我们已经尽一切努力避免这场浩劫，人类追求的知识结晶，对科学的苦心钻研，冒险飞向太空的努力，现代科技的成果和想象力，甚至来自战争的经验，都为这场生死战提供利器，在多灾多难的历史上，人类曾经犯过多少错，人类曾经受过多少苦难，经过这么多年。只有一种情操，能让人类继续存在下去,那就是勇气，全世界的希望都寄托在这十四名勇士身上，他们将飞向太空。让全球的人类目睹你们的英雄事迹，愿上帝保佑，祝你们好运。”

I address you tonight, not as the President of the United States, not as the leader of a country, but as a citizen of humanity.We are faced with the very gravest of challenges.The Bible calls this day Armageddon, the end of all things.And yet, for the first time in the history of the planet, a species has the technology to prevent its own extinction.All of you praying with us need to know that everything that can be done to prevent this disaster is being called into service.The human thirst for excellence, knowledge, every step up the ladder of science, every adventurous reach into space, all of our combined modern technologies and imaginations, even the wars that we’ve fought, have provided us the tools to wage this terrible battle.Through all the chaos that is our history, through all of the wrongs and the discord, through all of the pain and suffering, through all of our times, there is one thing that has nourished our souls.And elevated our species above its origins, and that is our courage.Dreams of an entire planet are focused tonight on those 14 brave souls traveling into the heavens.And may we all, citizens the world over, see these events through.Godspeed and good luck to you.

英文演讲稿中英文对照 篇6

【简介】：

Goodevening.Tonight,IcanreporttotheAmericanpeopleandtotheworldthattheUnitedStateshasconductedanoperationthatkilledOsamabinLaden,theleaderofalQaeda,andaterroristwho’sresponsibleforthemurderofth

文章来源自 3 e d u 教育网

Good evening.Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al Qaeda, and a terrorist who’s responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children.晚上好。今天晚上，我终于能向美国人民和全世界宣布，美国指挥的一项行动已经将基地组织的头目奥萨马·本·拉登击毙，他要为成千上万美国无辜的男人女人和儿童的死亡负责。

It was nearly 10 years ago that a bright September day was darkened by the worst attack on the American people in our history.The images of 9/11 are seared into our national memory--hijacked planes cutting through a cloudless

September sky;the Twin Towers collapsing to the ground;black smoke billowing up from the Pentagon;the wreckage of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where the actions of heroic citizens saved even more heartbreak and destruction.那个阳光明媚的九月被美国有史以来遭受的最惨重的恐怖袭击遮蔽，距今就要十年了。911事件的情景一直留在全国人民的记忆中——被劫持的飞机划过万里无云的九月晴空；

衔接在英语演讲中的研究(英文) 篇7

To begin with,Halliday and Hasan,in their Cohesion in English,have defined reference as a relation between things or facts.In this sense,reference is a device,allowing a reader or hearer of language to trace entities,events or participants in a text,as the examples extracted from the story illustrated,

"<c3>("c"stands for"clause”) Woz and I started Apple inmy parents'garage when I was 20."“<c4>We worked hard…”(participants)

“<c13>What had been the focus of my entire adult life wasgone,and it was devastating.”(event)

“<c30>It was awful-tasting medicine,but I guess the patientneeded it.”(entity)

Secondly,substitution is a relation on the lexical-grammaticallevel to avoid duplication in discourse.For instance,

“<c9>But then our visions of the future began to diverge andeventually we had a falling out.""<c10>When we did,our Board of Directors sided with him.”

This verbal substitution“did”has replaced the whole sentenceprinted in bold above.With some structure substituted though,the extracted text is still cohesive and consistent.

Next,in the book Cohesion in English,Halliday and Hasanput forward ellipsis as the form of substitution in which the item is replaced by nothing,in other words,the omission of an item.For example,

"<c35a>And that is as true for your work<c36b>as it is (true)for your lovers."

In this case of ellipsis,the adjective“true”in brackets is omittedto avoid repetition and prolixity.

Then,conjunction refers to the combination of any two texturalelements into a potentially coherent complex semantic unit.It involves the use of formal markers or conjunctions to relate words,clauses and sentences to each other,as illustrated below,

“<c16>I met with David Pachard and Bob Noyce…”(conjunction of words)

“<c42>So keep looking until you find it."(conjunction ofclauses)

“<cl0>When we did,our Board of Directors sided with him.”"<c11>So at 30 1 was out."(conjunction of sentences)

Last but not least,lexical cohesion refers to the role played bythe selection of vocabulary in organizing relations within a text and it is built up via the semantic choice.For instance,

"<c4>We worked hard,and in 10 years Apple had grown fromjust the two of us in a garage into a$2 billion company with over4000 employees.”

In the sense of lexical cohesion,the entity of"Apple”equates tothat of“a$2 billion company”.

In a nutshell,all the kinds of cohesive devices are utilized toachieve cohesion and coherence grammatically throughout the story I have selected,or the discourse more precisely.

参考文献

[1]、Halliday.M.A.K.&Hasab,R.英语的衔接[M].张德禄,王钰纯,韩玉萍,柴秀鹃译.北京:北京外语教学与研究出版社,2007.

[2]、Halliday M.A.K.&Hasan,R.Cohesion in English[M]. London:Longman,1976.

[3]、高彦梅.指称的层次[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报), 2002,(03).

[4]、Introduction to Text Linguistics[M].London:Longman. 1981.

[5]、胡壮麟.语篇的连贯与衔接[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1994.

英文演讲稿中英文对照 篇8

尊敬的Mr.Steve Edwards先生，各位同学和老师，女士们、先生们：

非常荣幸受邀来到芝加哥大学，并在此致辞。如著名建筑家弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特所言：“我终究认为芝加哥将是世界上留存下来的最美丽、最伟大的城市。”

但你们是否知晓，在中国，芝加哥的大学更出名。那些希望学费物有所值的家长们尤其对这所大学感兴趣，因为这里“乐趣已死”。

芝加哥大学培养了无数的音乐家、科学家和政治家。你们中一些人如果选择了这样的道路，未来也会成为其中的一员。祝福你们。

我猜想，这里的学生大都出生在90年代，在中国他们被称为90后。这个时代出生的人有一个共同之处，就是几乎在同一时间获取最新信息。

对于我们这代人，当我得知世界上有个操作系统叫Windows时，比尔·盖茨先生已经是世界首富了。而现在，太平洋彼岸中国时尚的年轻人与这里一样，对每次新版苹果产品的发布翘首以待。《速度与激情7》在北京和芝加哥的电影院差不多同时上映。

我也许有些理想化，总在想，在海量信息全球同步的今天，年轻一代能否更加宽容、能否更好地相互理解，从而寻求新的途径来构建维系持久和平的全球秩序？

奥巴马总统于几年前的父亲节在这里发表过一个演讲。他说，作为家长，需要传递给后代最重要的价值是同理心，能换位思考，设身处地去认识世界。

今天我就想先谈谈中国在世界变迁中的经历。基辛格博士《论世界秩序》一书在中国引起了热烈讨论。书中叙述了威斯特伐利亚体系以来400多年的大国兴衰，强国之间一而再、再而三以战争方式争夺世界权力。

但是，基辛格博士也谈到，威斯特法利亚体系不具普遍性，在世界其他地区曾有不同的体系，彼此孤立地并存。众所周知，那时还没有网络的存在。

就中国而言，悠久的历史造就了独特的治理方式、价值观念和文化传统，时至今日仍有影响。因而我们对世界的观念也许建立在不同的基础上。我可以沿着书中世界秩序演变的轨迹，举几个中国历史上的例子：

你们大概都曾经读到过，1648年欧洲达成威斯特伐利亚系列和约以结束“30年战争”，之后的数百年，初步建立起以主权国家为基础的现代意义上的秩序,确立了内政自治原则。随后便把殖民统治推向世界其他地方，包括美洲，而美国是1783年才摆脱了殖民统治，宣布独立。

而早在此之前，亚洲长期延续着自己独特方式，各国和睦相处。当时中国的清王朝仍处于鼎盛时期，到18世纪中国人口已超过欧洲国家总和。但是，这个延续近两千年的田园般宁静在19世纪中叶被欧洲帝国打破。

到了1919年，当欧洲签署凡尔赛和约以结束第一次世界大战之时，亚洲大部分地区已沦为欧洲的殖民地，中国的领土完整也屡遭侵犯。中国最后一个封建皇帝被迫退位，政治精英构建共和体制和西式议会的种种努力纷纷失败，国家陷入内乱。年轻人开始从其他方向寻找解决问题的道路。

中国共产党就是在这样的背景之下，于1921年由几十个人建立的，许多都是20多岁的年青人。他们不比你们年长多少。（看看年轻人是怎样改变着世界，真是神奇！）

1941年，当《时代》周刊创办人亨利·卢斯宣告“美国世纪”来临之际，中国约2/3的国土被日本军国主义的铁蹄蹂躏，战争中伤亡人员达到3500万人。今年九月，中国将隆重纪念抗日战争胜利70周年，缅怀英烈、牢记历史、珍惜和平。中国和美国当时并肩作战，我们不会忘记那些美国飞行员的英勇事迹。

1949年中国终于重获和平，建立起中华人民共和国，但是当时的国家满目疮痍，经济近于崩溃，人均寿命不足35岁，文盲率达到90%以上。

换句话说，二战后多年，当两个超级大国激烈争夺世界权力、建立起所谓的恐怖平衡之际，中国的主要任务是解决生存问题，包括满足庞大人口的吃饭需求。我们也走过不少弯路，年少时经历的饥饿和困惑我记忆犹新。

二十世纪70年代末，中国与世界的关系翻开了新的一页。新中国恢复联合国合法席位。邓小平领导的改革开放使中国重新融入世界经济。

因此，当中国人讲到国际体系时，通常指的是中国作为成员参与的、以联合国为核心的国际机构和机制。鉴于惨痛的历史教训，中国一直信守和遵循《联合国宪章》关于主权平等和不干涉别国内政的原则。习近平主席不久前出席万隆会议60周年纪念峰会，重申了和平共处五项原则。

我讲述这段历史想表达的是，在讨论历史和秩序时，需要注意到各国有着非常不同的经历,这对我们观念的形成有很大影响。这也是为什么，各国在一些问题上的感受不尽相同。

我想讲的第二点是如何看中国的成长。显然，在中国获得快速发展之时，世界对中国的了解和理解并没有同步增长。一位常年观察中国的欧洲记者朋友如此概括说，西方媒体的中国报道可以归纳为三类：

一是中国太大——人口多、城市大，现在连奢侈品市场都很大。

二是中国太坏——好像中国总是在做错事，看不顺眼。

三是中国太怪——吃奇怪的食物，有奇怪的行为方式。

我经常接待来自美国国会的代表团，很多人第一次来中国。令他们印象最深的是天天碰见的普通中国人，比如在故宫博物院里摩肩擦踵的农民工游客、和那些梦想成为下一个马云的年轻创客等等。

实际上，是普通中国人代表了中国的真实面貌和国家的进步。是他们推动着中国走向富强和成功。

那么，成长起来的中国想有一个什么样的世界秩序呢？未来的前景是否如某些学者预见的，必然是中美争夺世界权力？这是我想讲的第三点。

我常常阅读美国政治家撰写的回忆录，美国对世界事务的深入和有效参与令人印象深刻。但我也时常感叹于美国对其他国家的事务也如此热情和强势地介入。

掩卷思量，不禁要问，美国人心目中的世界秩序，是否就是美国治下的世界呢？是否就是仅以美国的价值观和国家利益为核心理念、以美国主导的同盟体系为支撑？而对于新兴大国来说，是否面对的只有臣服或挑战这两个选项？换做是美国人，你们又当作何选择？

中国就是这样一个新兴的大国，而且并非依靠炮舰开路成长起来的，我们是结合了自身的天然优势与全球化的机遇发展起来的。欧洲引领工业化以来，资金、技术、市场、资源和人才主要集中在以欧美为中心的西方世界，而如今，所有这些要素都在全球化推动下开始向外扩散。

顺着这个浪潮，中国坚持改革，不断释放巨大的政策红利，实现了30年GDP年均9%的增长，极大地提高了人民的生活水平，并发展成为世界第二大经济体。今日中国是130多个国家的最大贸易伙伴。有人甚至预测，中国经济总量将在2020年后达到世界第一位。

但是，当一些国际学者讨论新的世界权力分配问题时，他们会惊讶地发现大多数中国人很淡定，对传统意义上的所谓世界权力转移或者“世界权力之争”没有表现出太大的兴趣。

对中国人而言，我经常看到的是在标准上存在不一致的问题。例如，在西方国家，当有人滥杀无辜时，他们被视为恐怖分子；而这样的事情发生在中国就被看作是民族或者是政治问题。当中国的邻国在领土问题上做出挑衅的姿态时，美国不置一词；而当中国捍卫自身权益时，就常被说成是咄咄逼人或者胁迫别国。

如果对最基本的原则前提都没有共同的基础，我们何以在世界秩序演进这样的问题上进行有意义的讨论呢？就像广东人形容人与人无法沟通时讲的：是“鸡同鸭讲”。

中国目前的重心还在于解决大量棘手的国内难题，包括克服环境污染、反腐败、缓解经济下行、更好地保障民生等等。

同时，在应该构建什么样的未来世界秩序上，中国学者也进行着务实的讨论。大家可能各持观点，但一个共识是：世界已经发生变化，许多旧的概念失去了意义。

首先，在当今世界，不同的秩序像过去那样，在各地区隔绝地共同存在、应对不同的问题，这种可能性已经没有了。今天的秩序需要具有开放性，要逐步调整以适应新的现实和多元的观点。

其二，再通过大国之间战争的方式实现“权力转移”，重新决定新的力量平衡，也没有可能了，因为世界各国关系已经如此紧密交织。

其三，我们所面对的大量新型问题都是全球性的，超越了主权国家和区域的边界。像埃博拉病毒、ISIS、像试图乘船从非洲前往欧洲的人们。需要新的思维和新型全球框架或者说是全球秩序，去应对新型挑战。

令人有所宽慰的是，进入21世纪，人类社会已经开始进行许多有意义的实践，用创新和合作的办法应对和解决新的问题，例如G20和全球气候变化大会。中国也倡导了“一带一路”和亚投行，来增强亚洲和亚欧大陆之间的互联联通。这些实践是对现有国际体系和合作框架的补充，将促进现有国际体系朝着更加公正合理和更具包容性的方向发展。

基辛格《论世界秩序》一书是以一种很有深意的设问方式结束的：“我们将去向何方？”显然，历史又来到了新的转折路口，关键是将向哪里转变。

这个问题也适用于中美两国，我们是否有决心和智慧走出大国冲突的历史窠臼？能否合作开创新型大国关系和新型秩序？为此，习近平主席向奥巴马总统提出建立中美新型大国关系。

中美两国之间尽管受到误解和偏见的干扰，实际上在许多领域都建立起密切的伙伴关系。有人甚至把两国比作不情愿的双胞胎。两国互信的水平也相当令人印象深刻了。否则，我们何以相互颁发十年有效期签证？由此可见，年青一代继承的两国关系积极因素大大多于负面因素。

建立新型大国关系前无古人，不会一帆风顺。但双方都认识到，要加强合作、管控分歧，为亚洲和世界构建面向和平与发展的稳定战略框架。这既是两国关系的方向，又是我们共同的责任。

所以，最后我想说的是，虽然21世纪全球秩序的演进并不容易，也不是朝夕可得之事。但未来寄望于年轻一代，我相信，你们一定会拿出很好的答案！谢谢大家！

英文版全文

China’sGrowth and the Debates on Order Speechby Fu Ying Chairperson of Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People’sCongress, 2015-5-19

The University of Chicago

Thank you, Alan and Mr.Steve Edwards，Members of the Faculty and Students，Ladies and Gentlemen，It is a great honor for me to address you today.As the renowned architect Frank(Lloyd)Wright said, “Eventually I think Chicago will be the most beautiful great city left in the world.”

But I wonder if you know that, in China, Chicago is more famous for its University.This university is especially attractive to the parents who want to get their money’s worth, as this is known as a place “where fun has come to die”.A great many musicians, scientists and politicians were nurtured here.And I am sure some of you will one day join them if you so choose.You have my best wishes.I guess, most of the students here were born after 1990.In China, we call people like you“90hou”, meaning the post-90 generation.You share one thing in common, that is, you are in synchronization with latest development of the world.For my generation, by the time I first heard of an operating system called Windows, Mr.Bill Gates was already the richest man on earth.Now trendy Chinese wait on tenterhooks for every iPhone launch just like here.“Fast & Furious 7” is released in Beijing cinemas at about the same time as in Chicago.I hope I am not too idealistic in thinking that since so much information is shared among young people all over the world, shouldn’t the younger generation be more open and more ready to understand each other? Isn’t it possible to find a new way to build a global order capable of ensuring lasting peace?

When your President Obama spoke here on a father’s day a few years ago, he said, the most important thing for the parents is to pass along the value of empathy---the ability to stand in somebody else’s shoes;to look at the world through their eyes.In that regard, the first point of my speech today is about China’s experience with the evolving world order.Dr.Kissinger’s latest book World Order set off lots of discussion in China.It is absorbing to read the 400 years of rise and fall of powers since the Westphalia peace conference, and the wars and conflicts that led to power shifting.However, as the book also pointed out, the Westphalian system was, as not universal, but one of the many systems that coexisted and yet in isolation from each other given the circumstances.Obviously, they didn’t have the internet.While in China, where history had been carrying on for a long time, a different system of governance, values and traditions were nurtured, which have an influence to the present day.So our view of history may have a different base.Let me pick up a few moments of history along the evolution of world order laid down in that book.As you probably remember in your reading that, it was in 1648, Europe finalized the Westphalia Treaty to end the Thirty Years’ War and established a modern sense of order among nation states, recognizing their sovereignty and self-determination of internal affairs.Then it spread its colonial power tomany corners of the world, including America and the United States freed itselfand declared independence in 1776.In this period in Asia, the long and generally peaceful relationship had continued.China’s Qing Dynasty was in its prime and the population in the 18th century was more than the European countries put together.But this serenity for almost2,000 years was broken when the European imperialists arrived in the middle of19th century.By the time the Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919 at the end of the First World War, most part of Asia was colonized and China’s territorial integrity too had been violated.By then, the last emperor of China had abdicated.The attempt by political elites to install a republic and western style parliamentary system had failed once and again in one way or another.The country was descending into chaos and conflicts.The young generation looked in other directions for a solution.It was in this context that the Communist Party of China was set up in 1921 by a dozen or so young people mostly in their late 20s, not much older than you.(It’s amazing how young people change the world.)

Fast forward to 1941, when Henry Luce of Time Magazine stated the arrival of the American Century, two thirds of China’s territory fell under Japanese occupation.35million people died or wounded in war.China will host a major commemoration September this year to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War against Japanese Aggression.We will remember the heroes, reflect on history and the value of peace.China and the U.S.fought on the same side, and we will never forget the heroic American pilots who helped China during the war.When peace did come in 1949 and the PRC was founded, the economy was on the brink, average life expectancy was under 35 years and more than 90 percent of the population was illiterate.In other words, for many years following the end of the Second World War, when the two super powers contested for world power, achieving a sort of balance of terror, China’s main concern was its very survival, not least feeding its big population.There were many setbacks along the way in China.I still have a keen memory of the hunger and confusion of my younger days.In the late1970s China’s relationship with the world turned a new page.The Mainland regained China’s legal seat at the UN.The policy of reform and opening to the outside world led by Deng Xiaoping enabled China to reconnect with the world economy.So when the Chinese talk about the international system, we are referring to the institutions with the UN at the center, and to which China has committed ever since.Learnt from its painful history, China believes in the principles of equality among all sovereign nations and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries as enshrined in the UN Charter.Chinese President Xi Jinping, when attending the event marking the 60th anniversary of the Bandung Conference, reiterated the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.The reason I took you on this brief journey is to illustrate that when discussing world order, we should be mindful of different experiences of history and their impact on our perspectives.And we may not have the same feeling for certain things.Here comes my second point.How to look at China today? Now China has very much grown.But, I have to say, knowledge and understanding of China in the outside world, especially in Western countries, hasn’t quite kept up.A friend of mine, European journalist and a keen observer of China, summed up western media reporting on China into three categories.China is either

Incredibly big –biggest population, biggest cities, even big demand for luxury goods.or China is so bad – doing all the wrong things and not fitting into the norms.and China is so weird – eating weird stuff and having weird ways of doing things.I receive many members of the US Congress often making their first visits to China.What strikes them the most is their encounters with ordinary Chinese, such as the migrant workers they bump into while visiting the Palace Museum, or young makers whose ambition is to be the next Jack Ma of Alibaba.The ordinary people represent the true face of China and they are the real driving force for China to grow strong and successful.So my third point is, what kind of future world order does China want to be part of? Is the future destined to be a confrontation between China and the US for world power as some suggest?

I often read memoirs by American politicians and I am always fascinated about how the US is deeply and effectively involved in the world affairs.Not only so, it’s equally enthusiastic about the internal affairs of other countries.One cannot help but wonder: is the prevalent understanding of world order amongst Americans a world dominated by US rules and power? Is it only centered on American values and interests and supported by US alliances? Does that mean that from the US perspective, rising powers only have two choices: to submit or to challenge? What would you do if you were in this(our)situation?

China is one such rising power.It has grown largely by marrying its natural advantages to the opportunities offered by globalization rather than “flag before trade”.Capital, markets, resources and talents that had accumulated in western countries since industrialization, now have spread outward due to globalization.Riding on this tide, China has made continued policy reforms and achieved 9% of growth for 30 years, allowing great improvement of people’s living standard, and growing into the world’s second biggest economy.It is now the first trading partner to130 countries.It is even predicted that, China’s economy will be the world’s biggest by 2020.And yet, international academics found, to their disbelieve that, most Chinese are disinterested in the debate about a new shifting of world power or power competition in the traditional sense.For us in China, we see inconsistencies at play.For example, if someone or some groups kill innocent people in western countries, they are terrorists.Yet if the same thing happens in China, it’s often viewed as ethnic or political issues by foreign observers.When China’s neighbors act provocatively on territorial issues, the US turns its head away.Yet when China defends its interests, it is described as either assertive or a bully.If we cannot even agree on the most basic premises, how can we have a meaningful debate on the evolution of world order? In Guangdong, when people are talking past each other, they are described as having a “dialogue between chicken and duck”.China’s focus remains the many domestic challenges, such as environmental pollution, fighting corruption, countering the economic slow-down, improving the livelihood of the people.On the question of what future world order should look like, the discussions in China are more pragmatic.Though views still differ, one thing people all agree on is that the world has changed.Many old concepts have lost relevance.First, in today’s world, it is no longer possible to have different world orders coexist independently of each other and addressing separate issues, like in the earlier centuries.The orders of today need to open up and make adjustments to adapt to the new realities and to different perspectives.Secondly, it’s no longer viable to try to achieve the transfer of power and find a new equilibrium through means of war among major powers because of the interconnected nature of today’s world.Thirdly, what we are facing are the new kinds of global issues, which do not respect traditional order or sovereign borders.Look at Ebola.Look at ISIS.Look at the boat people trying to cross from Africa to Europe.Therefore, there need to be new thinking to build a new global framework or，we may use the term global order，to cope with new type of challenges.The good news is that, as we enter the 21st century, mankind is already experimenting in an innovative and collaborative manner to tackle the challenges, such as G20, and the conference on climate change.For its part, China has initiated the land and maritime Silk Road programs to strengthen Asian and Eurasian connectivity, and is setting up the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to support them.All these practices are complementary to the existing international system and will help with its gradual evolution into a fairer and more inclusive structure.Dr.Kissinger tellingly ended his book with a question mark: “where do we go from here”? Obviously, history has come to a turning point.The question is in which direction it will turn.This question is also for China and the US.Do we have the resolve and wisdom to avoid the old loop and can we build a new type of relationship and global order through cooperation instead of confrontation?