专题定语从句（通用8篇）
专题定语从句 篇1
北 京 四 中
定语从句
阎婕
一、什么是定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。定语从句是由一个句子作定语，修饰主句中的名词，代词（不管他们是句中的主语，宾语还是表语）或整个主句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出，放在被修饰词后。
二、关系词有哪些
关系词的作用：
1）连接主从句；
2）代表先行词；
3）在定语从句中充当一个成分（主语，宾语，介词宾语，定语，状语或表语）
1.关系代词：which（指sth.），that（指sb.或sth.），who（指sb.作主语或宾语），whom（指sb.作宾语），whose（指sb.或sth.，作定语）
2.关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）
关系词的使用：
关系代词：
Who：修饰人，在从句中作主语
Those who are against the plan please put up their hands.The boy who is reading newspapers to us is our monitor.Whom：修饰人，在句中作宾语, 在口语和非正式文体中可省略
The student who(whom)the teacher is talking to is my brother.The student to whom the teacher is talking is my brother.Do you still remember the person whom I introduced to you when I was in Beijing last year? Whose：修饰人，也可修饰物，表示所属关系，在从句中作定语，在修饰物时可以与of which搭配
The girl whose composition was read just now studies very well.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.I live in a room whose window faces south.Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.Please pass me the book the cover of which / of which the cover is blue.Which：修饰物, 有时也可修饰整个主句, 在从句中作主语或宾语, 还可作介词宾语Last week, we visited a factory which produces very good bicycles.I once worked in the factory which my students are going to visit next week.We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.The scientist discovered a new element, which made him famous.That：可修饰人也可修饰物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 因此修饰人时可代替who 或whom, 修饰物时可代替which, 但that 不能直接作介词宾语
Who is the person that is speaking now?
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.This is the very book that I’ve been longing for.关系副词：
When: 修饰表时间的名词, 如time, hour, day, month, date, year等, 在从句中作时间状语Do you still remember the day when you first came to school?
The first time that I came to school was in 1982.I can’t remember the exact time when(that)I went to visit the Great Hall of the People.是不是所有表示时间的名词作先行词就用when作关系副词呢？
不是的！要具体分析该名词在从句中的成分，如：
The day which / that I can’t forget was my first day at school.I can’t forget the day when I first met him.Where: 修饰表示地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语
It’s the room where I used to live in my childhood.The factory where we worked last year is now being rebuilt.是不是所有表示地点的名词作先行词就用where作关系副词呢？
不是的！要具体分析该名词在从句中的成分，如：
You father once worked in the factory which we visited yesterday, didn’t he?
I often think of the days which I spent together with my classmates.Why: 表原因, 在句中作原因状语从句, 只修饰先行词reason
Do you know the reason why he is absent today?
三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别
主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。
四、定语从句解题步骤——重点
1.找对先行词。
2.确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。
eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.This is the place where I lived years ago.分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。
3.区别各关系代词的使用。
五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分
在先行词为物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。
以下几种情况只用that：
1.先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词
He did all that he can to help me.There is nothing that can be done in this situation.Everything(that)we saw was of great interest to us.I’ve read all the books(that)you gave me.2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, 等修饰。
3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The Summer Palace is the most beautiful park that I’ve been to.The first thing that I should do after returning to China is to see my old parents.This is the best novel(that)I have ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to have.The last place that we visited was the chemical works.Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
Is this the same tool that you used yesterday?
That white flower is the only one(that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.5.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited in Germany.They talked for about half an hour of persons and things that they remembered at school.6.当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用who(whom),which。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Who is the man that called on you just now?
Which of the subjects that you are studying is the most difficult.?
只用which 不用that 的情况：
1.在非限定性定语从句中
The bus, which was full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.2.在介词后
This is the room in which planned our future life.Soon we go to a hill at the top of which was a temple.如果介词不前置可用that
The room which / that we live in is very clean and tidy.3.在修饰整个句子时
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.He tried to make some excuses, which made his teacher very angry.He tried to catch the moon in the water, which was impossible.定语从句练习
单项填空：
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1.This is the only one of the students _____ the truth.A.that knowsB.who knows
C.who knowD.which knows
2.Do you know the girl _____?
A.whom he often talk toB.to who he often talks
C.to that he often talksD.he often talks to
3.The world _____ we live is made up of matter.A.on whichB.of which
C.at whichD.in which
4.There are no children _____ love their parents.A.that do notB.who does not
C.thatD.who
5.I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school.A.that isB.who are
C.who amD.who is
6.Abraham Lincoln, _____ led the United States _____ these years, was _____ of the greatest presidents.A.he;for;aB.whom;in;one
C.who;at;oneD.who;through;one
7.Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress?
A.whoseB.that
C.whomD.that’s
8.The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist.A.I spokeB.I spoke to
C.whom I spokeD.that I spoke to him
9.The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory.A.that you just talkedB.whom you just talked to
C.which you just talked toD.who you just talked
10.The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop.A.you needB.what you need
C.which you need itD.that you need it
11.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A.whichB.where
C.in whichD.what
12.Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit.A.whichB.where
C.thatD.in which
13.The magazine _____ Betty paid one dollar was very good.A.thatB.which
C.for whichD.to which
14.The two things _____ they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about whichB.of which
C.in whichD.for which
15.He was the man _____ Master of Game was translated.A.by whomB.by who
C.by whoseD.by him
16.This is the museum _____ we visited last week.A.whichB.where
C.whoD.in which
17.Is this museum _____ we are going to visit tomorrow?
A.whichB.that
C.whereD.the one
18.Ahead of me I saw a woman _____ I thought was my aunt.A.whoB.whom
C.of whomD.whose
19.This is the key _____.A.which you are looking forB.for which you are looking
C.for that you are lookingD.you are looking for which
20.The woman _____ is his mother.A.of whom he takes careB.of that he takes care
C.he takes care ofD.whom he takes care
答案：
1—5 ADDAB6—10 DDBBA11—15 ACCBA16—20 ADAAC
难题解析：
17题，要把一般疑问句还原成陈述句，This is museum…由于museum前少了冠词不合英语语法，所以要补充完整就是：This museum is the one we are going to visit tomorrow.因此，得出一般疑问句应该是
Is this museum the one we are going to visit tomorrow?
专题定语从句 篇2
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词 (who, whom, whose, that, which) 和关系副词 (when, where, why) , 关系代词和关系副词位于先行词及定语从句之间, 起连接作用, 同时也在定语从句中充当句子成分。
注意:1.what不能引导定语从句。
2.关系词与它在定语从句中所充当的句子成分有关。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词通常是指人或物的名词或代词, 在主句中充当主语、宾语等成分。关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略, 作宾语时可以省略。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
1.用于指人的关系代词有who, whom和that。that和who可用作主语或宾语, whom只能用作宾语。如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
He is the man (whom/that/who) I saw yesterday.
2.用于指物的关系代词有which和that, 作主语和宾语均可。如:
Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.
Where is the book which/that Sarah lent me yesterday?
(注:that既可指人, 也可指物)
3.whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语。指物时可以与of which互换。如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green./Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
补充说明:
1) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰, 或被修饰的先行词为all, any, many, the one等不定代词时, 关系代词只能用that, 而不用which。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
2) 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时, 关系代词只能用that, 而不用which。如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
3) 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放于先行词之前, 也可以放在谓语动词的后面, 但含有介词的短语动词不能被拆开, 其中的介词必须放在动词后面。另外, 关系代词that不能直接放在介词的后面。如:
This is the room in which he lives.
The child whom she is looking after isn’t her son.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词分别是表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如:
I’ll never forget the days when (on which) I stay with you.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
巩固练习:
() 1.Children like houses________are painted in different colors.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.where
() 2.Is this the river________I can swim?
A.whichB.in whichC.thatD.the one
() 3.This is the best hotel in the city________I know.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whose
() 4.Can you lend me the dictionary________the other day?
A.that you boughtB.you bought it
C.that you bought itD.which you bought it
() 5.Anyone________with what I said may put up your hands.
A.who agreeB.which agreeC.who agreesD.which agrees
() 6.My watch is not the only thing________is missing.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
() 7.The man________coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.of which
() 8.The girl________is reading under the tree________my sister.
A.which, isB.whom, wasC.who, isD.who, was
() 9.I love places________the people are really friendly.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
() 10.Is this English book________I gave you?
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.the one
定语从句专题训练 篇3
she grew up.
A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when
2. In the new city there wasn’t a single person ____ the poor boy could
turn for help.
A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom
3. She heard a scream, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. itB. whichC. thisD. that
4. The boss paid us $10 for washing ten cars, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least half a year.
A. theseB. themC. thatD. which
5. Mary was always singing high praise of her role in the office, ____ of
course, made the others unhappy.
A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what
6. We visited a factory ____ makes bikes for children.
A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which
7. ____ is known to everybody, light travels faster than sound.
A. ItB. AsC. WhichD. What
8. Last night they went to Tom’s party, ____ they enjoyed very much.
A. whenB. thatC. whichD. where
9. Alice received an invitation from her boss, and ____ came as a
surprise.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. he
10. The weather turned out to be very good; ____ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. this
11. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A. of whom theB. whomC. of whoseD. the
12. A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. whoB. hisC. whoseD. of whom
13. The house ____ was blown off is being repaired.
A. whose roofB. the roof of that
C. of which roofD. roof of which
14. It’s the third time ____ late this week.
A. that you areB. you are
C. when you arrivedD. that you have been
15. Did all the members ____ present agree to the plan?
A. whoB. thatC. wereD. 不填
16. Keep away from such persons ____ will do you no good.
A. asB. thatC. likeD. who
17. Who ____ has common sense can’t believe such a thing?
A. elseB. whichC. butD. that
18. Who is the man ____ is reading in the garden?
A. whoB. thatC. whomD. 不填
19. That is the town ____ he worked in 1987.
A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in that
20. She doesn’t understand the reason ____ he would like to join them.
A. for thatB. whyC. howD. which
21. The day will come soon ____ he will see his success.
A. whichB. whenC. on thatD. where
22. They walked together as far as the second crossing ____ they parted.
A. whenB. whichC. whyD. where
23. He is learned, ____ unfortunately I was not.
A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who
24. He told me to start work, ____ advice I did not follow.
A. thatB. whatC. thisD. which
25. Anyone ____ agrees may come with me.
A. thatB. whoC. to whomD. with whom
专题定语从句 篇4
定语从句是一个从属分句，在句中作形容词。可以给出更多关于句中名词或代词的信息。
Sometimes the information given by the adjective clause is essential. An essential adjective clause is one that is needed for the sentence to make sense. If you took it out, you would not know all the information that you need to know.
有时，定于从句提供的信息至关重要。句中需要这一从句使句子的意思更完整。如果缺少此从句，就了解不到完整的信息。
At other times, the information given by the adjective clause is nonessential. A nonessential adjective clause is one that is not necessary. The sentence still makes sense and you know everything you need to know even without the clause. So, you could take it out.
有些时候，定语从句提供的信息不是那么重要。没有这一从句，句子也有意义，而且意思完整。因此可以删掉这一从句。
When a sentence has a nonessential adjective clause, the clause is set apart with commas. This shows that it is not essential.
如果一句中有不必要定语从句，就会用逗号把从句隔开，表示这句话并不是必须的。
定语从句讲解 篇5
一、基本概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：
The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3． 作定语用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：
1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：
This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on(in, at, during„)+ which;where = in(at, on„)+ which;why = for which.如：
I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。
另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：
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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一个）
4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：
（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象„ „那样”。
（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定时，则常用which，而不用as，如：
She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．关系词的选择
1． 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。
2． 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?
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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：
We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：
The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时，如：
Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)当主句是以which，who,what开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句； ②代表整个主句的意思； ③介词+关系代词。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
5.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。
但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：
(1)当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：
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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that„。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：
A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：
She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。
如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：
（1）使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中 的动词不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same„that”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。
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that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same„as”结构中，same和as都不能省略。
(3)当“the same„that”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。
如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：
This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）
9.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：
as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。
定语从句教学反思 篇6
邹安英
定语从句是高中语法中的重要组成部分。在历来的高考试题中都有所体现，它既是重点又是难点,在引导学生学习时要把握好尺度既不能将其复杂化,又不能解释的片面。而且从其两个功能入手，即定义和描述，来帮助学生理解用法，并能让学生感到能学有所用，真正体现英语语法的作用。
教学过程中应用多媒体辅助教学，达到讲解的目的，突破难点。由于本课的难点，用多媒体课件来代替老师讲解，这样，既增加了课堂容量 ,又不使学生感觉压力过重，容易理解接受。先获得感性认识，然后才是理性的总结，符合认识事物的规律。也就是通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句。采用图文并茂的方法，仿造例句根据提出的问题去描述图片，运用这种方法，学生就会从原来的从书本，从老师那里被动地接受知识变成现在的主动，积极地探索知识，在观察，发现，记忆，联想中学习到知识。
《新课程标准》要求教师在教学中要以学生为主体，采用研究性学习方法，寓教于乐。检验一节课成功与否，不是教师讲了多少，而是以学生的学习效果为评价标准，因此在授课时应加大学生的课堂活动量，通过与老师一同归纳定语从句这一知识，培养他们独立分析问题解决问题的能力。树立学生的信心，相信自己能行，调动他们的学习积极性，使学生体会到英语语法学习的趣味性。
练习题的选择要慎重，并要有代表性，练习的目的是为了进一步巩固知识，及时发现问题，并达到检验的目的。另外，再发现学生存在的共性问题时一定及时纠正。
如何应用定语从句 篇7
定语从句引导词只用that的情况有321降幂排列:
(1) 只用that不用which :
1当先行词是anything,nothing,something, everything, ︱ all, much Little, few, none(降幂排列:全,多,少,无。)九个不定代词等或先行词被any, no, some,every, ︱ all, little, few七个词等修饰时:
I will do all that I can to help you.
2先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词修饰时:
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
The first place that we’ll visit is the Great Wall.
3先行词被the only, the very, the just,the last修饰时:
This is the very book that I’ve been looking for.
(2)只用that不用which或who:
1先行词既有人也有物时 :
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the school.
2当主句是由who或which引导的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复:
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
(3) 只用that不用who:
当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时:
1 He is no longer the man that he used to be.
2定语从句题型面面观
2.1定语从句与强调句型的区别
It was 5 o’clock when he came back.(状语从句)
It was at 5 o’clock that he came back.(强调句型)
It is the factory where he works. 定语从句)
It is in the factory that he works. (强调句型)
基本上被强调时间或地点前无介词是别的从句,若有介词则是强调句型。这是因为:
It is the factory ︱ where he works. 主从句分别正确。It指地点, 指the factory。
It is in the factory that he works. 不分主从句,是一个整体;It是虚指, 不指代in the factory ;去掉It is…..that , 句子正确。
2.2定语从句与同位语从句中引导词that的区别
This is the fact that he told me. ( 定语从句)
He proved the fact that the earth moves around the sun.(同位语从句)
有三点区别:
1 That在句子中作用不同:
This is the fact ︳ that he told me.
关系代词that等于先行词fact,属于后面其引导的定语从句, 做句子成分--- ---he told me the fact. 不做主语就做宾语, 绝不多余。
He proved the fact ︳ that ︳ the earth moves around the sun.
同位语从句中,连词that不指代什么,不属于前者也不属于后者,不做句子成分,只起连接作用,桥梁作用。后面从句句子成分非常完整,The earth(主) moves around(谓) the sun(宾). 不再需要任何词了。
2能跟同位语从句的名词是有限的,它们的共性是有内涵。典型的有fact, news, idea, view ;定语从句所修饰的名词代词是没有限制的。
3名词和它的同位语从句能用“是” 连接------ 事实是地球绕太阳转。不用逗号隔开的定语从句一般译为“的”这是(他告诉我的)事实。
3定语从句要和并列分句等句子类型区分开
He has two sons, both of whom are soldiers.
He has two sons, and both of them are soldiers.
He has two sons; both of them are soldiers.
He has two sons. Both of them are soldiers.
4关系代词,关系副词不要和相应的代词,副词重复,阴影单词应去掉
The boy whom the teacher is talking to him is clever
A dictionary is a book which you can use it to learn more words.
5疑问句一般变为陈述句做题才明了
1 Is this museum D you visited the other day?
2 Is this the museum A you visited the other day?
A that B where C in which D the one
我们变成陈述句来回答句1,主句是This museum is ___, 少表语,所以我们选the one普通代词做主句表语,关系代词在从句中做宾语可省略。如果变为This is museum , 貌似不少表语了,其实是错的,违背了名词前一般有冠词的原则,museum前少the. 而句2是This is the museum, 主句是主系表句型,很完整,所以我们选上关系代词that做从句宾语。
6纠正思维定势
I will remember the days which/that we spent together.
This is the place where we spent our holiday together.
This is the place which/that we visited.
That was the day when we visited Beijing.
同学们应注意spend(度过)前选关系代词做宾语时先行词肯定是时间概念,如spend已跟时间名词做宾语, 那么先行词一定是表地点的名词, 关系副词一定是where而不可能是when. Visit(参观)也是同理,且与spend相对应。
visit (参观):先行词是地点,选关系代词;先行词是时间,选关系副词when。
spend(度过):先行词是时间,选关系代词;先行词是地点,选关系副词where。
摘要：在定语从句中,引导词只用that不用which或who的特殊情况条目繁多,是重点难点。本文介绍几种定语从句的用法。
定语从句和同位语从句的区别 篇8
一、 定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如:
1. We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。
2. We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。例如:
1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。例如:
1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句, that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不能省略。
3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。
例3中why引导的是定语从句,why可以被 for which或 that 代替;例4中 why引导的是同位语从句,why 不能省去,也不能被其它词代替。
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主 + 系 + 表”结构来表示。例如:
The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
上句若用“主 + 系 + 表”结构来表示,则是: The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句。
五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词,可以有复数形式;而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,一般没有复数形式。例如:
1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。
2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心,她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。
例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数形式;例2中的possibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不用复数形式。
六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词,但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如:
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。
2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。
例1、3中的when和 where引导的是定语从句,day 和house分别表示时间和地点;例2中的when引导的是同位语从句。