定语从句考点聚焦（精选8篇）
定语从句考点聚焦 篇1
定语从句是高考的热点,笔者根据多年的教学经验撷取相关重要考点,并举例加以说明,以供读者教学时参考.
考点一:定语从句与并列句.
辨别方法:在两个分句中,如果后一分句的主语指代前一分句中某一名词或整个句子内容,且没有并列连词连接两个分句,后一分句常用关系代词who,which,whose引导非限制性定语从句;如果两个分句间有and等并列连词连接,后一分句常用人称代词或it,that指代前一分句中的某一名词或整个句子的内容,构成并列句.
例1 (2009年全国I卷第28题)She brought with her three friends,none of______I had ever met before.
(A) them (B) who
(C) whom (D) these
答案.:选C.
(1) He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows;most of______hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
(2) He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,and most of______hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
答案:(1) which;(2) them.
考点二:定语从句与名词性从句.
辨别方法:看整个句子,根据从句作用辨别从句类型;看从句,根据连词在从句中充当的成分确定连词.
1.与同位语从句
同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,因此,可用“主+系+表”的结构来区别同位语从句和定语从句.
例2 (2009年江西卷第33题)The fact has worried many scientists______the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.
(A) what (B) which
(C) that (D) though
答案:选C.
练习:判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句.
(1)I don't believe the fact that heis a thief.
(2)I don't believe the fact that youtold me.
答案:(1)同位语从句;(2)定语从句.
2.与主语从句
由that引导的主语从句一般位于句首,也可用it做形式主语,真正主语从句放后面,由其他连词引导的主语从句位于句首.由as引导的非限制性定语从句也可位于句首,一般有逗号和主句分开.
例3 (2008年福建卷第27题)____is known to us all is that the 2008Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
(A) It (B) This
(C) What (D) As
答案:选C.
练习:______is reported in the news-papers,talks between the two countries are making progress.
(A) It (B) As
(C) That (D) What
答案:选B.
考点三:定语从句与状语从句.
辨别方法:如果连接词指代先行词并在从句中充当某一成分,为定语从句;反之,仅起连接作用,即为状语从句.
例4 (2008年福建质检I卷)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest______everyone likes to visit.
(A) that (B) as
(C) which (D) what
答案:选B.
练习:(1) This is such an interesting book______all of us want to read.
(2) This is such an interesting book______all of us want to read it.
答案:(1)填as;(2)填that.
考点四:定语从句和名词性从句.
1.that和what
that可用于定语从句和名词性从句,用法如下.
what不用于定语从句,只用于名词性从句,what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略.根据情况不同,what有两方面意思:
(1)用作连接代词,表示“什么”(由疑问词变来).
What he will say at the meeting isnot known to us.
(2)表示“所…的(东西)”,在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句.
把你买的东西拿给我看.
译:Show me what you bought.→Show me the thing that you bought.
例5 (2008年北京卷第30题)The companies are working together to create______they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
(A) which (B) that
(C) what (D) who
答案:选C.
练习:—W hat did your parent s think about your decision?
—They always let me do______Ithink I should.
(A) when (B) that
(C) how (D) what
答案:选D.
2.who和whoever
用who引导的名词性从句,整个从句的中心是在说一件事;而由whoever引导的名词性从句,整个从句的中心是在说一个人.
例6 (2009年全国I卷第24题)Could I speak to______is in charge of International Sales please?
(A) who (D) what
(C) whoever (D) whatever
解析:选C.我能跟主管国际销售的人谈谈吗?从句的中心需要表达一个人的概念,而非一件事,故选whoever.此处whoever=anyone who.
练习:The how-to book can be ofhelp to______wants to do the job.
(A) who
(B) whomever
(C) no matter who
(D) whoever
答案:选D.
综上所述,高考中的定语从句考查的要点多为基础语法知识和引导词的正确使用,只要考生能够在平时的练习以及考前复习中把握系统的复习方法,加以适量的真题练习,并对语法知识点及错题进行及时总结归纳和梳理,就一定能取得这一部分试题的高分.
定语从句考点聚焦 篇2
2011-03-23 13:55:32| 分类： 高考 |字号大中小 订阅
2011年高考英语定语从句考点及精品练习题(十四)
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1.The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.A.which was
B.it was C.which were
D.them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1)Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A.which is
B.it is C.which are
D.them are(2)The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A.which are
B.it is C.which is
D.them are(3)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A.which are
B.it is C.which is
D.them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A.that
B.which C.where
D.what 【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It
B.As C.That
D.What 【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题： _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It
B.As C.That
D.What 此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：(1)______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which
B.As C.That
D.It(2)______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which
B.As C.That
D.It 4.David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A.that
B.who
C.as
D.whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that …(如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A.that
B.who
C.as
D.whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A.like
B.that C.which
D.as 5.The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which 【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：
(1)His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which(2)Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which(3)This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which 类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4)George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that
B.him C.them
D.whom(5)Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that
B.who C.them
D.whom(6)I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A.that
B.who C.them
D.whom 6.He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A.whom
B.them C.which
D.who 【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：
(1)He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that(2)He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A.them
B.which C.what
D.that(3)He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.whom
B.them C.which
D.who(4)He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.them
B.whom C.which
D.who 7.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A.whom
B.them C.which
D.who 【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：
(1)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that 答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。
(2)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that 答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。
(3)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that 答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。8.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
(1)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。
(2)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
(3)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
(4)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。
(5)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。9.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A.as
B.which C.what
D.that 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：
(1)If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A.as
B.which C.and it
D.that(2)If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.A.as
B.which C.what
D.that(3)Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A.that
B.which C.and it
D.so(4)When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A.as
B.which C.what
D.that 10.She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。
【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：
She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：
(1)Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。
(2)Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。
(3)Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A.where
B.when C.that
D.which 选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1.All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest.A.once they grew
B.they grew once C.they once grew
D.once grew 2.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home.A.that
B.which C.whose time
D.by which time 3.Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A.he explained
B.what he explained C.how he explained
D.why he explained 4.Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.A.it
B.that C.this
D.which 5.When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.A.which
B.that C.whose
D.what 6.It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one ______ he can get more money to support his family.A.when
B.where C.that
D.which 7.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.A.which
B.that C.whose
D.when 8.The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely.A.spending it
B.to spend it C.to spend
D.spending that 9.The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work.A.that, the place
B.it, the place C.which, where
D.what, where 10.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go.A.what
B.which C.where
D.when 11.The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.A.when
B.if C.since
D.until 12.All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.A.once they grew
B.they grew once C.that once grew
D.once grew 13.You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood.A.which
B.where C.that
D.when 14.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.A.which price
B.the price of which C.its price
D.the price of whose 15.What have you got _____ will help a cold? A.what
B.that C.it
D.who 16.He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.A.how
B.that C.what
D.which 17.Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen? A.which
B.that C.what
D.whose 18.I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.A.why
B.which C.as
D.where 19.Is this all that you need? If you married me, I’d give you everything you _____.A.want
B.wanted C.had wanted
D.are wanting 20.I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago.A.which
B.when C.where
D.who 21.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where
B.which C.while
D.why 22.He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.A.which I think is
B.which I think it is C.which I think it
D.I think is 23.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.A.who
B.which C.this
D.what 24.Their problem today is somewhat similar to _____ they faced many years ago.A.that
B.which C.that which
D.it 25.I saw some trees the leaves of _____ were black with disease.A.that
B.which C.it
D.what 26.The famous basketballer, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A.where
B.when C.which
D.who 27.When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _______ she had arranged with James.A.the which was what
B.what was that C.which was what
D.that was that
【答案与解析】
1.选 C。先行词是 those，可视为 those flowers 之省略。they once grew 前省略了关系代词 which。全句意为：这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。
2.选D。by which time 引出的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中 by which time 相当于 and by that time。
3.选 A。注意不能选 D，因为动词 explained 缺宾语。4.选 D。which 指 the road map。
5.选C。from whose efforts he still suffers 为修饰 a serious illness 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰 efforts。
6.选B。where 引导定语从句修饰 one。注：one 在此指 a new job。类似地，下面一题的答案是C，因为one that 相当于 a problem that：
The problem is _____ has caused us a lot of trouble.A.one
B.that C.one that
D.that one 7.选 D。先行词是表时间的 age(时代)，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用 when。8.选C。该句的正常词序为 We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.9.选C。第一空填 which，指 the old building；第二空填 where，用以引导表语从句。10.选 C。先行词是地点名词 places，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用 where。11.选A。when 引导的是非限制性定语从句。
12.选C。that once grew in the forest 为修饰 those 的定语从句。13.选B。where 在此相当于 the place where。
14.选 B。the price of which was very reasonable 为非限制性定语从句，其中的 the price of which 相当于 and its price 或 and the price of it。假若空格前有并列连词 and，则可选 C。
15.选B。that will help a cold 为修饰 what 的定语从句。比较：Have you got anything that will help a cold? 以及 I’ve got nothing that will help a cold.16.选B。the way 后不接how 引导的从句，换句说，how 不是关系代词或关系副词，不能引导定语从句。以the way 为先行词的定语从句通常用 that 或 in which 来引导，在非正式文体中也可省略 that 和 in which。
17.选D。from whose house the pictures were stolen 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰 house。
18.选 D。先行词是 many cases，关系副词 where =in which。
19.选A。尽管句中用了 if you married me, I’d give you everything 这样的虚拟语气句子，但修饰everything 的定语从句(that)you want 却要用陈述语语气，因为它是回答前面 Is this all that you need? 这一提问的。
20.选 D。因定语从句缺主语，且关系代词指人，故选D。21.选A。where 所引导的为修饰 a dangerous situation 的定语从句。22.选 A。选项中的 I think 是插入语，若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。23.选 B。of course 为插入语，若将项其去掉，则答案显然是B。24.选C。that which相当于 the problem which。25.选B。the leaves of which 相当于 whose leaves。
26.选 D。先行词是 The famous basketballer(著名的篮球明星)，故要用 who 来引导定语从句，因为其余三项均不用于指人。
定语从句考点透视 篇3
一、考查who引导的定语从句
1. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star _____ is playing in the NBA.
A. whose B. whoC. whatD. which(吉林卷)
【解析】先行词 “a famous basketball star”表示人，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词应用that或who, 且不可省略。故选B项。
2. —Is the girl _____ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?
—Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose (天津卷)
【解析】先行词 “the girl”表示人，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词常用who或that, 且不可省略。故选C项。
二、考查whom引导的定语从句
1. The young lady ____ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.
A. whatB. whoseC. whomD. which (天津卷)
【解析】先行词 “the young lady”表示人，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词常用whom或that, 也可用who, 并且在多数情况下可省略。故选C项。
2. Your parents are the persons ____ you should write.
A. that B. whomC. who D. to whom(四川绵阳卷)
【解析】先行词 “the persons”表示人，关系代词应用that, who或whom, 但who的前面不能有介词，如果带介词，则必须用whom, 即用“介词+whom”结构。故选D项。
三、考查which引导的定语从句
1. The town ____ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before.
A. it B. who C. which(四川卷)
【解析】先行词 “the town”表示物，关系代词应用that或which。故选C项。
2. The present ____ my schoolmate gave me ____ more than 100 yuan.
A. that, spent B. who, took C. which, cost D. /, paid(山东烟台卷)
【解析】先行词 “the present”表示物，关系代词应用that或which。又因为以物作主语的句子，谓语动词应选cost。故选C项。
四、考查that引导的定语从句
1. My necklace is not the only thing ____ is missing.
A. thatB. /C. whichD. who(湖北黄冈卷)
【解析】当先行词被 the only, the last等限定词修饰或先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, few, little, much, any, the one等时，关系词应用that。故选A项。
2. My teacher is such a kind of person ____ is always ready to help anyone in trouble.
A. he B. she C. whomD. that(内蒙古呼和浩特卷)
【解析】先行词 “a kind of person”表示人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，应用who或that, 且不可省略。whom 也可引导先行词是表示人的定语从句，但通常是关系词在定语从句中作宾语时使用。故选D项。
3. Rosa likes music _____ is quiet and gentle.
A. whenB. thatC. whereD. who （北京课改区卷）
【解析】先行词“music”表示物，关系代词应用that或which。故选B项。
五、考查when, where, why等引导的定语从句
1. I will never forget the day ____ I met her.
A. thatB. whichC. whenD. who(江苏卷)
【解析】先行词 “the day”是一个表示时间的名词，且在从句中作状语，故选C项。
2. This is the place ____ we studied for three years.
A. whichB. thatC. whoD. where(广西卷)
【解析】先行词 “the place”是一个地点名词，且在从句中作地点状语，故选D项。
3. I know the reason ____ she didn’t come yesterday.
A. whichB. thatC. whyD. where (浙江宁波卷)
【解析】先行词 “the reason”表示原因，且在从句中作状语，故选C项。
六、考查whose引导的定语从句
He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _____ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
A. whereB. whoseC. in whichD. that(甘肃兰州卷)
定语从句考点归纳与训练 篇4
【专题导航】
2013年高考在考查定语从句时主要考查了四个方面: 1. 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose作主语、宾语和定语的用法, 如上海卷、江苏卷、湖南卷、福建卷、山东卷、重庆卷; 2. 关系副词where作地点状语的用法, 如全国卷Ⅱ、北京卷、四川卷、江西卷、浙江卷; 3. 关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代整个主句内容的用法, 如安徽卷、陕西卷、天津卷、山东卷; 4.“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句, 如浙江卷、辽宁卷。另外, 定语从句的分隔现象也应引起考生的注意。
考点一: 关系代词引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语成分时, 选用关系代词引导定语从句。指人用who ( 宾格用whom) 或that, 指物用which或that, 作定语时, 则不管指人还是指物, 都可用whose引导。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如:
①Is he the man who / that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗? ( who / that在从句中作主语, 代替先行词the man, 故从句中谓语动词用单数形式。)
②Please pass me the book whose ( of which the) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮书。 ( whose在从句中指物, 作cover的定语, 它还可以同of which the互换。)
③A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣景象。 ( which / that在句中作主语)
④The package ( which / that) you are car- rying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 ( which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which都可指物, 常可互换。其区别主要在于:
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时, 通常只用which。例如:
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意, 这使我很生气。
2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时, 通常只用which。例如:
The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫作锤子。
3. 当先行词是much, little, none, all, few, every ( thing) , any ( thing) , no ( thing) 等不定代词或受其修饰时, 通常用that。例如:
①There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法, 只好投降。
②All / Everything that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。
4. 当先行词受the very, the only, the same等修饰时, 通常用that。例如:
①This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
②Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
5. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词 ( 包括last, next等) 等修饰时, 通常用that。例如:
①This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
②The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时, 通常用that。例如:
China is not the country ( that) it was. 中国已不是过去的样子了。
7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时, 通常用that。例如:
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
8. 当要避免重复时。例如:
Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程?
【典例1】Finally he reached a lonely island _____was completely cut off from the outside world. ( 2013年山东卷)
A. when B. where
C. which D. whom
【解析】C。句意为: 最后他到达了一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语, 因此使用关系代词; 先行词island指物, 故使用关系代词which。.
【典例2】When he was a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where
C. what D. that
【解析】A。句意为: 还是孩子的时候, 杰克在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限制性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 在定语从句中作主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限制性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A项。
【典例3】The old temple_____roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which
C. its D. whose
【解析】D。句意为: 那座屋顶在暴风雨中损坏的旧庙现在正在维修中。先行词是the old temple, 所填关系词在从句中作roof的定语, 用关系代 词whose。其余选项 与题意不符。
考点二: 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语, 分别用when, where, why表示时间、地点、原因作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词 + which”结构, 因此常常和“介词 + which”结构交替使用。例如:
①Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
②That's the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
③Is this the reason why ( for which) he re- fused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
近几年高考热衷于考查关系副词where, 并且有时先行词不是表示具体的地点, 而是“模糊化的地点”。例如:
①We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
②He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
③I don't want a job where I'm chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。
【典例1】Many countries are now setting up national parks_____animals and plants can be protected. ( 2013年北京卷)
A. when B. which
C. whose D. where
【解析】D。句意为: 目前许多国家设立国家公园, 在那儿的动物和植物可以被保护。因为主句完整, 所以判断本题考查定语从句。又因为从句主干成分完整, 所以空格处应填关系副词, 而空格前是地点, 故选择where。
【典例2】Because of the financial crisis, days are gone_____local 5-star hotels charged 6, 000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when
C. which D. since
【解析】B。句意为: 因为金融危机, 地方五星级宾馆一夜要价6000元的日子一去不复返了。这是一个分隔式定语从句, 先行词是days, 在定语从句中充当时间状语, 故选when。
【典例3】The reason_____I'm calling you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.
A. because B. why
C. for D. which
【解析】B。句意为: 我给你打电话的原因是要告诉你星期六有个晚会。定语从句中主干完整, 先行词the reason在定语从句中作原因状语, 故选why。
考点三: 关系代词as和which引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可指代整个主句, 也可以代替主句的一部分内容, 相当于and this或and that。例如:
①As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 我们都知道, 吸烟有害健康。
②The sun heats the earth, which is very im- portant to us. 太阳为地球提供热量, 这对于我们非常重要。
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句, 其先行词可以是整个主句, 指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。
引导定语从句时, as仍具有“正如, 像”等意思, 翻译时有时可不必译出。as引导的定语从句常含有这些动词: see, know, hear, watch, remem- ber, say, tell, show, expect, guess等, 这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。例如:
①The famous magician LiuQian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知, 著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。
②There is a net bar around here, as I re- member. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。
③As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪, 这是常见的情况。
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明, 表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事, 常译为“这一点, 这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意, 它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活, 它只能位于主句的后面。例如:
①He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意, 这使我们大家都生气了。
②She tore up my photos, which ( = and that) upset me. 她撕碎了我的照片, 这使我很不安。
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时, 要用which, 不用as。例如:
①Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her. 詹妮可能会来, 要是那样的话我就去问她。
②She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学, 之后她去了北京大学。
4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含有一个复合宾语时, 一般用which而不用as。例如:
①He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand. 他假装不认识我, 这是我搞不明白的。
②He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生, 我认为太奇怪了。
【典例1】_____is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. ( 2013年陕西卷)
A. It B. That
C. What D. As
【解析】D。句意为: 正如其他孩子的情况一样, 医生到达时, 艾米好多了。该句中as引导非限制性定语从句, 用来代替后面整个主句的内容。该题易误选it, 如果选it那么题干就是两句话, 而中间没有连词且用了逗号, 所以it不可选。
【典例2】After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ______turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
【解析】B。句意为: 大学毕业后, 我休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前面整个句子的意思。
【典例3】My friend showed me around the town, _____was very kind of him.
A. which B. that
C. where D. it
【解析】A。句意为: 我的朋友领着我参观了这座小城, 他真是太好了。本题的先行词不是具体的哪一个名词, 而是前面整个主句的内容, 故用which指代整个主句的内容。
考点四: “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前, 构成“介词 + 关系代词 ( which / whom) ”结构。近几年高考在考查“介词 + 关系代词”时, 摒弃了往年考查介词的选择, 而是仅考查对“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句的识别, 降低了考查的难度。
对于“介词 + 关系代词”结构的使用, 重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。
1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。例如:
①The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。 ( 注意搭配search for)
②This is a subject about which we might ar- gue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。 ( 注意搭配argue about)
2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。例如:
①Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。 ( 注意搭配be interested in)
②He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。 ( 注意搭配be famil- iar with)
3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定 介词。例如:
①This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher's desk. 这是我们的教室, 前面有老师的讲台。 ( 注意搭配in the front of our classroom)
②I'll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。 ( 注意搭配on the day)
4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。例如:
①This is the book from which I got the sto- ry. 这就是那本书, 从中我读到这个故事。 ( 由于句意含有“从……”的意思, 所以用介词from)
②This I did at nine o'clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事, 之后我坐着看报。 ( 由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思, 所以用介词after)
【典例1】The children, ____had played the whole day long, were worn out. ( 2013年浙江卷)
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
【解析】D。句意为: 孩子们玩了一整天, 都累坏了。分析句子结构可知, had played the whole day long是非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用all of whom来引导定语从句。
【典例2】Gun control is a subject______ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
【解析】C。句意为: 枪支控制是一个美国人争论了很久的问题。该题应该根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。从句谓语argued与介词about搭配, 表达“争论某事”, 故答案为C。
【典例3】By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomo- langma, _____appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of whichB. on which
C. from whichD. above which
【解析】D。此定语从句的先行词是the top of Mount Qomolangma, 这是一个倒装语序的句子, 从句的正常语序应该是: A rare rainbow soon appearedthe top of Mount Qomo- langma。显然应该填上“above”, 表示山顶上, 所以用above which连接主从句。
考点五: 分隔式定语从句
一般来说, 定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后; 但有时定语从句和先行词常常被某些成分分隔, 干扰了句子结构的判断, 从而给辨别从句带来一定的难度。
英语句子中出现这种分隔现象的原因是主语或宾语带了过长的修饰成分。为了照顾主句结构紧凑, 就常常将主语或宾语与其修饰成分隔开。
1. 先行词与定语从句之间被用作定语的短语分开。例如:
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a neck- lace of yours? 10年前的一个下午, 我来你家借了一条项链, 你还记得吗? ( 先行词one after- noon和定语从句被用作定语的ten years ago分隔开了)
2. 先行词与定语从句之间被用作状语的短语分开。例如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一被邀请的人。 ( 先行词person和定语从句被用作状语的in my office分隔开了)
3. 先行词与定语从句之间被主句谓语分隔。例如:
The days are gone when we suffered so much. 我们受苦受难的日子过去了。 ( 先行词the days和定语从句被主句谓语are gone分隔开了)
【典例1】I've become good friends with sev- eral of the students in my school______I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where
C. when D. which
【解析】A。句意为: 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成为了好朋友。根据句意, 该题定语从句的先行词是several of the students, 被介词短语in my school分隔, 先行词在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who。
【典例2】The girl arranged to have piano les- sons at the training centre with her sister_____ she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who
C. which D. what
【解析】A。句意为: 这个女孩被安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课, 在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。根据句意可知先行词为cen- tre, 被介词短语with her sister分隔。定语从句中“she would stay for an hour”不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。
【巩固与提高】
1. School safety has set off alarm bells in China with frequent reports of serious accidents ______students got hurt or killed.
A. in which B. by which
C. for whichD. that
2. She may have missed the train, _____case she won't arrive on time.
A. in that B. in which
C. whose D. as
3. It was in the stone house____was built as a school by local villagers_____the boy finished his primary school.
A. which; that B. that; where
C. which; which D. that; which
4. When you come to China you can't help noticing a “can-do”attitude and a general sense that this is a society_____is looking ahead.
A. where B. what
C. that D. who
5. The good situation came at last_____ we had been expecting in the past two years.
A. whereB. that
C. whenD. in which
6. Last year the Greens moved to Australia, ____they thought it would be warmer.
A. what B. where
C. which D. that
7. At present, many graduates from some fa- mous universities end up with a job _____they are not suited.
A. which B. in which
C. at which D. to which
8. There is somebody waiting for you ______I think might be one of your classmates.
A. who B. whom
C. whoever D. which
9. The Oscar is one of the film prizes_____ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which is not
B. that have not been
C. that has not
D. that has not been
10. She tried every way____she could find to solve the problem.
A. howB. in which
C. that D. which
11. He made another wonderful discovery, ____of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
12. Tony will never forget these days ______she lived in China with her mother, _____ has a great effect on her life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; that
13. The science of medicine, _____pro- gress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.
A. to which B. in which
C. which D. with which
14._____is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. ItB. As
C. ThatD. What
15. Stress is everywhere and we are faced with it every day. In fact, stress isn't such a bad thing____it is often supposed to be.
A. which B. that
C. what D. as
16. The train_____they were travelling was late.
A. in which B. by which
C. at which D. to which
17. The hours_____the children spend in their one-way relationship with television peo- ple undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A. whenB. that
C. in whichD. on which
18. This summer, part of Southeast China was struck by floods, from______effect the people are still suffering.
A. which B. whose
C. its D. that
19. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _____as the name suggests, eating doesn't take much time.
A. who B. where
C. which D. what
20. Miss Green took up the story at the point ____the thief had just made off with the jew- els.
A. where B. which
C. as D. when
【答案与解析】
1. A。in which引导定语从句, 表示“在这些事故中”。
2. B。关系代词指代的是逗号前面的整个句子, in which case意为“如果是那样的话”。
3. A。考查强调结构与定语从句结合使用。被强调部分为地点状语in the stone house, 其后的was built as a school by local villagers为定语从句, 句中缺少主语, 用关系代词which引导。
4. C。定语从句中缺少主语, 用关系代词that引导。
5. B。考查分隔性定语从句, 先行词为situation, 在定语从句中作expect的宾语, 用关系代词that引导。
6. B。先行词Australia在定语从句中作地点状语。
7. D。which指代a job, 从句中are suited后应该跟to, 表示“适合”, 因此答案为D。
8. A。先行词为somebody, 从句中缺少主语, 故用关系代词who。I think为从句中的插入语。
9. B。本题考查定语从句的引导词及从句的主谓一致问题。因为one前无the/the only, 所以定语从句的先行词为the film prizes, 这时从句的谓语用复数。
10. C。由于定语从句中缺少宾语, 故只能选C或D; 先行词被every修饰时, 关系代词要用that。
11. A。which为关系代词, 代替主句的内容, 引导非限制性定语从句, I think为插入语。
12. B。前一空考查的是引导限制性定语从句的关系副词, 表示时间要用when; 后一空考查的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词, 用which指代主句中定语从句的内容, 并在从句中作主语。
13. B。句中介词in的选用和从句的主谓结构有关, 即progress be rapid in, 这里的in意为“在某一方面”, 相当于rapid progress be made in。
14. B。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。选项A应该构成It is known to everybody that句式。
15. D。先行词被such修饰, 引导定语从句的关系代词用as, 构成suchas搭配。
16. A。先行词the train在定语从句中作介词in的宾语, “他们乘坐这列火车”应该说“They were traveling in the train. ”。
17. B。先行词the hours在定语从句中作spend的宾语, 故使用关系代词引导。
18. B。先行词floods在定语从句中作effect的定语, 故使用whose引导。
19. B。先行词restaurants在定语从句中作地点状语。
20. A。point, case, situation等表示“处所, 场合”的名词作先行词, 在定语从句中作状语时, 通常用where引导定语从句。
定语从句高考考点、难点揭秘 篇5
一、定语从句高考考点、热点直击
(一)引导定语从句的关联词
1.当先行词指人时，在定语从句中作主语用 who／that，作宾语用whom／that，作定语用whose。例如：
①The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback， attracted a lot of attention． (2002北京、内蒙古、安徽春招)
A． where B． whenC． whichD． who(D)
2.当先行词指事物时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which／that，作定语用whose。例如：
②She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth．(MET1991)
A． itB． whichC． thisD． that (B)
③Have you seen the film Titanic ____ leading actor is world famous？(2001上海春招)
A． its B． itsC． whose D． which(C)
3.当先行词指时间时，在定语从句中作状语用when，作主语或宾语用which／that。例如：
④We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer．(2003北京春招)
A． which B． that C． whose D． when (D)
4.当先行词指地点时，在定语从句中作状语用where，作主语或宾语用which／that。例如：
⑤We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， ____ other visitors seldom go.(2002北京高考)
A. whatB. which C. whereD. when(C)
⑥New York， ____ last year， is a nice old city.(2003北京高考)
A． that I visitedB． which I visited
C． where I visitedD． in which I visited(B)
5.当先行词指原因时，在定语从句中作状语常用why，作主语或宾语常用which／that。例如：
⑦Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(2002上海春招)
A． he explainedB． what he explained
C． how he explainedD． why he explained (A)
注意事项：
1.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语时不能省略；当第一个定语从句的关系代词用作宾语省略时，第二个引导定语从句的用作宾语的关系代词则不可省略。例如：
⑧The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month．(MET1983)
A． the nurse is talking to himB． whom the nurse is talking
C． the nurse is talking to D． who the nurse is talking (C)
2.that与which的区别：
that不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能紧跟在介词之后作介词宾语，而which可以；先行词是that时，为了避免重复，用which而不用that引导定语从句；第一个定语从句如用关系代词that，第二个定语从句常用关系代词which，以避免重复。 先行词是which时，为了避免重复，用that引导；当先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时，用that引导；当先行词是all， none， few， one， little， much， something， everything， noth-ing， anything等不定代词时，用 that引导；当先行词受very， only，last， no， all，以及形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用that引导。例如：
⑨All ____ is needed is a supply of oil．(MET1989)
A． the thing B． that C． whatD． which(B)
⑩Finally， the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police．(MET1987)
A． whichB． what C. whatever D. that (D)
(二)当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如：
①The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having writtenB. to be written
C. being written D. written (D)
②The train that stands at platform 6/standing at platform 6 is for Wuhan.
③Any article that is left in these buses/left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office.
(三)定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：
①He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think it is B. which I think is
C. which I think itD. I think which is (B)
②This is the hospital ____ they visited last year and is the one ____ I worked in five years ago．
A． that； whereB． where； that
C． where； where D． that； that (D)
③There are dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands.
A. that B. which C. where D. when(C)
(四)对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”, 指人则用“介词+whom”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。
2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：
①This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one ____ it has been specially developed．
A． for whichB． thatC． of whichD． where (A)
②Anyway, that evening, ____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which (D)
(五)关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such， the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。as引导的定语从句有“正如”之意，而which引导的没有。 例如：
①Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem ____ we could not work out.
A. that B. which C. as D. even (C)
②Carl said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it repairedB. that C. when D. which (D)
③____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What (B)
(六)把非谓语动词融入定语从句来考查
近几年的高考试题更倾向于把非谓语动词的考查融入到定语从句中来增加句子的复杂性、干扰性。其对策是仔细找出定语从句，然后确定从句所包含的非谓语结构，然后顺藤摸瓜，选出最佳答案。例如：
①Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she has had ____ went wrong again. (Shanghai98)
A. it repaired B. it repaired
C. repairedD. to be repaired
(答案是C, 原句可改写为：Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine went wrong again. She has had the washing machine repaired.显然定语从句包含有“have sth. done”句型)
②The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (NMET2000)
A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out
(答案是C,原句可以改写为The managers discussed the plan. They would like to see the plan carried out the next year.显然定语从句含有“see sth. done”句型)
(七)解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，(进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。)再行答题。例如：
①The teacher wanted to teach us ____ he knew at this last lesson.
A. all whichB. all that
C. of whichD. everything which (B)
②Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____ I will always treasure.
A. thatB. oneC. itD. what (B)
③____ is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach.
A. It B. What C. As D. Which(A)
④____ is well-known, Antarctica is difficult to reach.
A. It B. What C. As D. which (C)
二、高考命题特点
1.在疑问句中考查定语从句。例如：
Is this the farm ____ you visited last week?
A. where B. the one C. on which D. /
解析:答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
2.在倒装句中考查定语从句。例如：
We came to a place, ____ stood a big tower.
A. which B. that C. / D. where
解析:正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
3.拆分词组和固定搭配来考查定语从句。例如：
①The second is connected with the use ____ the body makes of food.
A. of which B. where C. to do D. that
②Why cant you realize the part ____ they have played in our life?
A. which B. on which C. when D. where
解析:正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a part (in)。
4.添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句。例如：
The scientist has made another discovery, ____ I believe is of great importance.
A. that B. / C. which D. why
解析:应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
5.插入非谓语动词来考查定语从句。例如：
Is this the man ____ you want to have ____ the radio for me?
A. who; repairedB. that; repaired
C. whom; repairingD. that; repair
解析:D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。例如：我们可以把这个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
三、应对策略
1. 观察、分析先行词的属性(如指人、物、时间、地点或原因)，可以初步确定引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词的范围。
2. 仔细分析定语从句的成分。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。尤其要看定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；还要看定语从句的谓语动词与先行词之间的关系。
3. 根据上述两步，确定使用关系代词时，要兼顾一些特殊情况。尤其要注意以下几种情况：
①只能用that作关系代词的情况；②只能用which作关系代词的情况；③宜用who，而不用that指人的情况； ④as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；⑤“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。
4. 综合以上三步细致分析，最后则容易选(填)出适当的关系代词或关系副词
【实战点评】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
①This is the factory ____ he visited last year.
②This is the factory ____ he worked last year.
③This is the factory____ he worked in last year.
④This is the factoryin ____ he worked last year.
⑤This is the very factory ____ he visited last year.
【解析】
(1)看先行词：分析复合句的成分，可知主句的主语为this, the (very) factory为先行词,指地点；
(2)分析从句成分：第①题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，故可填关系代词which/that,且口语中常可以省略；第②题定语从句中worked为不及物动词，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where；第③题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其后有介词in，先行词在从句中作后置介词的宾语，故可填关系代词which/that且口语中可以省略；第④题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其前有介词in，先行词在从句中作前置介词的宾语，故只能填关系代词which且不可以省略；
(3)特殊情况：第⑤题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，同时兼顾先行词factory被the very修饰,故只可填关系代词that,且口语中可以省略。
(4)选关系词：根据以上三步分析推敲，则易知适合上面五道题的关系代词或关系副词分别为：①which/that ②where ③which/that ④which ⑤that
定语从句考点精析与精练 篇6
一、考点剖析
定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。目前在语法填空这一题型中,有关定语从句的考点在空白处之后没有提示词,需要考生根据所掌握的知识对题干进行分析判断,确定题干考查的是否属于定语从句,然后再对应该填写的关系词进一步推敲。
( 一) 考查关系代词
1. 对关系代词 which 的考查
【典例1】Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention,______is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months,willmark a return to convenience shopping for ruralcommunities. ( 2014年上海卷)
解析: which。在题干中,invention为定语从句的先行词,空白处在从句中做主语,故应用which做为非限制性定语从句的引导词。
【典例2】Of course whenever they turned toook at him,they had to look at Mary,made her feel like a star. ( 2012年广东卷)
解析: 分析题干可知,Mary之后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是空前的一句话内容,故应用关系代词which做为定语从句的引导词。
【知识延伸】which做关系代词时,既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,指物或指代一句话的内容。
2. 对关系代词 who 的考查
【典例1】Nick's guests,_____had heardtheir conversation,asked why they should not buysalt more cheaply if they could. ( 2013年广东卷)
解析: 在题干中,Nick's guests是指人的先行词,两个逗号之间的部分是其非限制性定语从句,且先行词在从句中做主语,故应填关系代词who。
【典例2】Happiness and success often cometo those______are good at recognizing theirown strengths. ( 2013年湖南卷)
解析: 先行词为those,用于指代人; 空白处在从句中做主语,故应填关系代词who引导定语从句。
【知识延伸】who为关系代词时,两种定语从句均可引导,先行词指人,且在从句中做主语或宾语( 做宾语时前无介词) 。关系词常用who的情况: 先行词为 明确指人 的anyone,one,ones,those等词时; 在分隔式定语从句中,先行词指人,为了避免歧义时; 当先行词为人称代词时。
3. 对关系代词 whom 的考查
【典例1】The children,all of______hadplayed the whole day long,were worn out. ( 2013年浙江卷)
解析: 在题干中,两个逗号之间的部分是非限制性定语从句,先行词children指人,且关系词在从句中做介词of的宾语,故应填关系代词whom。
【典例2】Behind him were other people to______he was trying to talk,but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me,lookingannoyed.
解析: 在题干中,other people为定语从句的先行词,关系词在从句中做介词to的宾语,故应填关系代词whom
【知识延伸】whom为关系代词时,两种定语从句均可引导,先行词指人,且在从句中做宾语。
4. 对关系代词 that 的考查
【典例1】Please send us all the information______you have about the candidate for theposition. ( 2014年陕西卷)
解析: 先行词为all the information,后面的部分是其定语从句,且先行词在从句中做have的宾语,而先行词前有all修饰时,应填关系代词that。
【典例2】He's the only student in the class______has been selected to take part in theModel United Nations conference.
解析: 在题干中,关系词在从句中做主语,且先行词student之前有the only修饰,故应填that。
【知识延伸】that为关系词时,先行词可指人,也可指物,只能用于引导限制性定语从句,而且不能位于介词之后。关系词应用that的情况: 先行词是all,everything,anything等不定代词时; 先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰时; 先行词既有人又有物时; 先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时; 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
5. 对关系代词 as 的考查
【典例1】______is often the case withchildren,Amy was better by the time the doctorarrived. ( 2013年陕西卷)
解析: 先行词为逗号之后的一句话内容,且关系词在从句中做主语,而定语从句位于句首时,只能使用as做为引导词,故As符合题意。
【典例2】______we have stressed manytimes,“serve the people”is our first policy.
解析: 逗号前是位于句首的非限制性定语从句,在关系词之中只有as有这一用法,故空白处填As。
【知识延伸】as为关系词时,先行词可指人或物,也可指一句话的内容,引导限制性定语从句时,常用于the sameas和suchas结构中,引导非限制性定语时,可位于句首、句中或句尾,常有“正如,正像”之意,常用结构为: as anybody can see; as we know; as we had expected; asis well known; as has been said before; as oftenhappens; as is reported; as is often the case; as ismentioned above; as has been pointed out等。
6. 对关系代词 whose 的考查
【典例1】A company______profits fromhome markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. ( 2014年山东卷)
解析: A company为定语从句的先行词,关系词在从句 中做名词profits的定语,故填whose。
【典例2】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those______liveswere affected. ( 2013年福建卷)
解析: 先行词为those,且空白处在从句中做名词lives的定语,故填whose。
【知识延伸】whose在引导定语从句时,可指人或物,只在从句中做定语。当先行词指物时,有时可转换成of which形式,先行词指人时,可转换成of whom形式。
( 二) 考查关系副词
1. 对关系副词 where 的考查
【典例1】The next day,my brother and Iwent to the beach______we watched somepeople play volleyball. ( 2014年广东卷)
解析: 先行词为空前的beach,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填where。
【典例2】So I decided to leave home for NewYork,______I might have a better chance tofind a good job. ( 2014年上海卷)
解析: 在题干中,地点名词New York为先行词,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填where。
【知识延伸】where为关系副词时,先行词指地点,且关系词在从句中做地点状语。先行词是activity,situation,point,case,stage,scene等抽象名词,且关系词在从句中做状语时,应用关系副词where做为引导词。
2. 对关系副词 when 的考查
【典例1】I didn't become a serious climberuntil the fifth grade,______I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of atree. ( 2014年浙江卷)
解析: 空前的the fifth grade为先行词,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,且先行词在从句中做时间状语,故填when。
【典例2】I am looking forward to the day______my daughter can read this book andknow my feelings for her. ( 2014年湖南卷)
解析: 先行词day指时间,且在从句中做时间状语,故填when。
【知识延伸】句中的先行词为age,time,day,morning,night,week,year等表示时间的名词,且关系词在从句中做时间状语时,应用关系副词when引导。
3. 对关系副词 why 的考查
【典例1】Many people hold the view thatlight punishment is the primary reason______drunk driving has been increasing in the past fewyears.
解析: 先行词the primary reason为表示原因的名词,且关系词在从句中做原因状语,故填why。
【典例2】The reason______more and more young people dream of becoming a famoussinger or musician is that they can become millionaires overnight.
解析: reason为先行词,且关系词在从句中做原因状语,故应填why。
【知识延伸】why为关系副词时,先行词指的是原因( 往往是reason) ,且关系词在从句中做原因状语。
二、备考建议
在备考时需要灵活掌握好六个关系代词和三个关系副词的基本用法。在判断应用哪一个关系词来引导定语从句时,应该先找准定语从句的先行词,确定先行词指人、指物,还是一句话内容。需要注意的是离关系词最近的词不一定就是先行词,因为可能存在分隔式定语从句。其次要确定关系词在从句中所充当的句子成分。需要注意的是,先行词往往决定不了关系词的使用,关键是应确定关系词在从句中所起的具体作用。在复习知识的同时,还要强化训练,不断培养和提高应用能力。
三、强化训练
( 一) 单句语法填空
1. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes fromthe library last week,______my classmatesrecommended to me.
2. Until now,we have raised 50,000 poundsfor the poor children,______is quite unexpected.
3. Students should involve themselves incommunity activities ______they can gain experience for growth.
4. We'll reach the target in a month______we set at the beginning of the year.
5. The book has helped me greatly in mydaily communication, especially at work______a good impression is a must.
6. English is a language shared by severaldiverse cultures,each of______uses it differently.
7. Many countries are now setting up national parks______animals and plants can be protected.
8. He wrote a letter______he explainedwhat had happened in the accident.
9. Maybe you leave a habit______is driving your family crazy.
10. People should not do things______will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.
11. He filled his leather container so that hecould bring some back to an elder______ had been his teacher.
12. Jane paused in front of a counter______some attractive ties were on display.
13. The exact year Angela and______her family spent together in China was 2013.
14. Among the many dangers______sailors have to face, probably the greatest of allis fog.
15. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station______you can hire to reach your hostfamily.
16. Have you sent thank-you notes to therelatives from______you received gifts?
17. An ecosystem consists of the living andnonliving things in an area______interact withone another.
18. The president of the World Bank says hehas a passion for China,______he remembersstarting as early as his childhood.
19. Finally he reached a lonely island______was completely cut off from the outsideworld.
20. There is no simple answer,______is often the case in science.
21. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment______they live.
22. We have launched another man-made satellite,______is announced in today's newspaper.
23. When I arrived,Bryan took me to seethe house______I would be staying.
24. The museum will open in the spring withan exhibition and a viewing platform______visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
25. John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of______are family members.
26. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize forLiterature in 2012,______made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.
27. By 16: 30,______was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.
28. A lot of language learning,______has been discovered,is happening in the first year oflife,so parents should talk much to their childrenduring that period.
29. Care of the soul is a gradual process in______even the small details of life should be considered.
30. After the flooding,people were sufferingin that area,______urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.
( 二) 语法填空综合训练
A
Nowadays,it is common that more and morehigh school students open their own microblogs onthe Internet. For one thing, it can provide acolorful platform to show their talent. For,it is a useful way to release their pressure. Andall these make it more and more popular with highschool students,many parents and teachershold a different view. They think that managingone's microblog will take a lot of time and energy,should be used to study.
In my view,I am greatly in favorthisactivity. Today the Internet is playingimportant and essential role in our life. Therefore ashigh school students of the Information Age,weneed to learn to make use of this( value)tool to communicate and display ourselves. What'smore,opening and organizing microblogs need various abilities suchwriting,designing,being skillful at computer and so on. Only if wemaster those abilities can we make a successfulmicroblog. As a result, we improve ourselveswhile( organize) our microblogs.
In fact,microblog( oneself) is of little harm. It is your attitude towards itmatters. We should take the advantages and avoidsome bad effects.
B
Babara: You look( tire ) . What'sthe matter with you?
Bob: Nothing serious. I want to have a jobafter graduation. I am under great pressure.
Babara: Do you find thatis difficultto find a suitable job this year?
Bob: Yes. Now college graduates( encourage) to start their own business,sounds really good for us. In the meanwhile,wemay know more about ourselves and society.
Babara: Yes,but it is not as easyyou imagine. For college students there are a lotof problems, especially the one of not havingenough money. And our education doesn't provideenough knowledge on how to solve it.
Bob: Maybe you are right. But our government allows college graduates to borrow moneyfrom banksmaybe some can get moneyfrom their parents.
Babara: But you have to pay back the moneysooner or. So some college graduates prefer to live a( peace) life rather than starttheir own businesses through job-hunting which iscompetitive.
Bob: Oh,they don't have dreams. But I havemademy mind to achieve my dream. Howabout you?
Babara: Well,it always takes time to consider beforemake) a decision.
参考答案与解析:
( 一) 单句语法填空
1. which。在题干中,先行词为空前的名词book,且关系词在从句中做recommended的宾语,故应用关系代词which做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2. which。children之后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为空前的一句话内容,且关系词在从句中做主语,故填which。
3. where。先行词为community activities,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
4. which / that。the target 为先行词,且关系词在从句中做 set 的宾语,故 用 关系代词which / that引导定语从句。
5. where。句意为“这本书在日常交流中对我有很有帮助,尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作方面是必备的。”先行词 为空前的名词work,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故应填关系副词where。
6. which。several diverse cultures是先行词,且关系词在从句中做介词of的宾语,故应用which引导定语从句。
7. where。national parks 为先行词,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填 where。
8. where。空前的名词letter是先行词,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填关系副词where。
9. that / which。先行词为空前的名词habit,且关系词 在从句中 做主语,故应用that /which引导定语从句。
10. which / that。在题干 中,先行词为things,且空白处在从句中做主语,故应用关系代词which引导定语从句。
11. who / that。an elder是指人的先行词,之后是其定语从句,且关系词在从句中做主语,故填关系代词who / that。
12. where。counter 为先行词,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故应填关系副词 where。
13. which / that。The exact year为定语从句的先行词,关系词在从句中做动词spent的宾语,故用关系 代词which / that引导定语从句。
14. which / that。the many dangers为先行词,且关系词在从句中做动词face的宾语,故应用关系代词which / that引导定语从句。
15. which / that。taxis 为先行词,且关系词在从句中做动词 hire 的宾语,故填 which / that。
16. whom。relatives为指人的先行词,且关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,故应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
17. that / which。句意为“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的。”“the living and nonliving things”为先行词,且关系词在从句中做主语,故用that/ which引导定语从句。
18. which。passion为先行词,且关系词在从句中做remembers的宾语,故用关系 代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
19. that / which。a lonely island为先行词,且关系词在从句中做主语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
20. as。逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是逗号前的一句话内容,且空白处在从句中做主语,故as符合题意( as is often the case为定语从句的常用句式,意为“通常就是这样”) 。
21. where。先行词为environment,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
22. which。逗号前的句子为定语从句的先行词,且关系词在从句中做主语,故应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
23. where。house为先行词,且空白处在从句中做地点状语,故应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
24. where。a viewing platform为表示地点的先行词,且关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填where。
25. whom。先行词为“40 people”,且关系词在从句中做介词of的宾语,故应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
26. which。逗号前的句子为先行词,关系词在从句中做主语,故应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
27. which。16: 30虽然是表示时间的先行词,但是关系词在从句中做主语,故应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
28. as。“______has been discovered”为非限制性定语从句,先行词为主句的一句话内容,且关系词在从句中做主语,结合语境“正如所发现的”,as与题意相符( as引导定语从句时,有时有“正如”之意) 。
29. which。先行词为空前的名词process,且空白处在从句中做介词in的宾语,故应填关系代词which。
30. who。people为定语从句的先行词,且关系词在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,故填关系代词who。
( 二) 语法填空综合训练
A
1. another。考查固定搭配。此处为固定结构“for one thingfor another”,意为“一方面……另一方面……”,故空格处填another。
2. but。考查并列连词。空白处前后是两个并列的句子,且空白处表示转折,故转折连词but符合题意。
3. which。考查定语从句。a lot of time andenergy为先行词,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,且关系词在从句中做主语,故应填which。
4. of。考查介词短语。根据空前及语境可知,此处为介词短语in favor of,意为“支持,赞同”,故空白处填介词of。
5. an。考查动词短语。play a role in为动词短语,意为“在……起作用”,由此结合空后的形容词important可知,空白处应填写不定冠词an。
6. valuable。考查形容词。空白处在句中做定语,故空白处填提示词的形容词形式。
7. as。考查固定搭配。此处为固定搭配such as,意为“例如”。
8. organizing。考查省略和非谓语动词。根据省略知识可知,while之后省略了we are,完整的句子为“while we are organizing our microblogs”,故空白处填提示词的现在分词形式。
9. itself。 考查代词。 根据主语 microblog可知,空白处应该填写反身代词 itself。
10. that。考查强调句型。题干为强调句型,对your attitude towards it进行了强调,由此结合强调句型的特点可知,that与题意相符。
B
11. tired。考查形容词。空白处在句中做表语,且主语是人,故空白处应用提示词的过去分词形式( 分词形容词化) 。
12. it。考查代词。空白处为形式主语,真正的主语是空后的不定式短语,故空白处填 it。
13. are being encouraged。考查动词时态和语态。空白处与主语之间是被动关系,由此结合句首的时间状语和语境可知,空白处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
14. which。考查定语从句。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为空前句子,且关系词在从句中做主语,故空白处填which。
15. as。考查固定搭配。根据空前内容可知,此处为固定搭配 asas,故空白处填 as。
16. and。考查并列连词。空白处前后是两个并列的句子,由此结合语境可知,应填and。
17. later。考查固定短语。sooner or later为固定短语,意为“迟早”,故空格处填later。
18. peaceful。考查形容词。空白处在句中做定语,故空白处应该填写提示词的形容词形式。
19. up。考查动 词短语。make up one'smind为动词短语,意为“下决心”,故空白处填up。
定语从句的典题透析考点突破 篇7
1._____is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun.
A.Which B.As C.What D.It
2._____is known to us all is that the earth goes around the sun.
A.Which B.As C.What D.It
3._____is known to us all_____the earth goes around the sun.
A.Which;that B.As;what C.What;that D.It;that
4.The earth goes around the sun, _______is known to us all.
A.what B.whichC.ItD.that
解析:这一组的四个句子意思相同, 但考查点不同。例1中定语从句在句首, 并以逗号同主句隔开, 结合题意可知只能填入“as”, 意思是“正如”, 故选B;例2实际结构是“主语从句+be+表语从句”, 故应填what作为主语从句主语, 选C。例3句子结构为“It+be+done+that从句”, it为形式主语, 其后的that从句才是真正的主语, 故选D。例4中定语从句在句末, 此空意思是“这一点、这件事”, 故选B.此处也可以用as。
5.Is this the lab_____we visited last year.
A.the one B.that C.the one where D.where
6.Is this lab_____we visited last year.
A.the one B.that C.the one where D.where
7.Is this lab_____we discovered the mysterious matter last year.
A.the one B.that C.the one where D.which
8.Is this the lab_____we discovered the mysterious matter last year.
A.the one B.that C.the one where D.where
9.Is the lab______offered you a job_____you worked the first time you arrived here.
A where;thatB which;where
C the one;in which D the one that;which
解析:这一组的五个句子句式都是一般疑问句, 增加了答题难度。首先用还原法:把每一个句子还原成陈述句, 然后逐一分析句子成分。还原例5为“This is the lab+定从”, 可知该句主谓齐全, 缺定语从句关系代词, 故选B。例6应为“This lab is+表语+定从”, 句中缺表语和定语从句关系代词that/which, 而that/which在从句中做宾语, 可省略, 故选A。5、6两题只是一个the的差别, 所选代词却截然不同。例7和例6句式相同缺表语和定语从句的关系词, 只是例7中定从的关系词在句中充当地点副词不能省略, 故选C。例8缺定语从句关系副词where, 因此选D。例9难度较大, 分析时从整体着手还原:The lab (_____offered you a job) is (____you worked the first time you arrived here.) 前一括号中为The lab的定语从句, 该从句缺主语, 可用关系代词which/that;后一括号中为表语从句, 由句意可知缺表地点的引导词where, 故选B。
10.It is one o’clock_____the monster opened its eyes.
A.when B.that C.which D.what
11.It is at one o’clock_____the monster opened its eyes.
A.when B.that C.which D.what
解析:这一组的两道题仅一词之差, 例11多了介词at, 实际上是两个不同的句型, 例10的句型是:It+be+time+when定语从句。例11是强调句型:It+be+介词+time+that+其它成分。因此例10选A, 例11选B。
12.It was the house_____I did my famous experiment.
A that B which C where D what
13.It was in the house_____I did my famous experiment.
A that B which C where D what
14.It was in the house_____was well-equipped_____I did my famous experiment.
A that;where B what;that C as;where D that;that
解析:例12和例13也是一词之差, 但句型迥异。例12句型:It+be+place+where定语从句。例13是强调句型:It+be+介词+place+that+其它。故例12选C, 例13选A。例14是例12和例13的综合句型, 即强调句型中的被强调部分带有一个定语从句:It+be+被强调部分+定语从句+that+其它, 故选D。
15.Peter’s mother kept telling him that he should give up smoking, but______didn’t help.
A heB whichC sheD it
16.Peter’s mother kept telling him that he should give up smoking, ______didn’t help.
A heB whichC sheD it
解析:这两道题是同义句, 例15是并列句, but后缺主语, 要用主格代词it, 类似的并列连词还有and、or、so。故选D。例16中前后部分由“, ”连接, 由句意判断需填非限制性定语从句的关系代词, 意思为“这一点, 这件事”, 故选B。
17.It’s quite different from______I read last month.
A that B whichC the one D the one what
18.It’s quite different from______I read last month.
A that B whichC whatD the one what
解析:这两题相同但选项不同, 都缺read的宾语。例17主句中的from后缺宾语, 而该宾语带有定语从句, 同时又在定从中做read的宾语, 其后的关系代词that可省。即:the one (that) I read last month, 故只有C合适。例18用同义转换“不定代词 (指物) +that=what”, 将例17中的the one+ (that) 用what替代故选C。
19.—When did you find the job?
—It was in 1990_____I graduated from senior high school.
A which B thatC whenD what
20.—Where did you won the prize?
—It was in the factory_____my father used to work.
A whereB thatC which D what
解析:这两道题考查定语从句和强调句型的综合运用及强调句型的省略现象。例19的句型是It+be+介词+时间+when定语从句+that+其它 (本题是that I found the job) , 而出题者恰恰省去了句型中的划线部分, 故选C。考生容易误选B。例20的句型是It+be+介词+地点+where定语从句+that+其它 (本题是that I won the prize) , 而出题者恰恰省去了句型中的划线部分, 故选A。考生容易误选B。
21.The day_____we were looking forward_____at last.
A that;to comingB/;to came
C which;to comeD/;to come
22.We stopped and looked forward_____what was happening.
A to see B to seeing C to saw D seeing
23.We are looking to______you soon.
A to see B to seeing C to saw D seeing
解析:这三题形似而神异, 例21第一空缺定语从句关系代词that/which (在句中作宾语, 可省) 。第二空设空巧妙, 既缺固定搭配“期盼”look forward to中的to, 又缺主句的谓语动词came。故选B, 而考生容易误选A。例22中的look forward意思是“向前看”并无“期盼”之意, 缺目的状语应填不定式to do sth, 故选A。而考生受到定势思维的影响容易误选B。例23则为短语look forward to+v-ing的常规用法, 选B.贴于233网校论
摘要：定语从句是高中英语学习阶段最难掌握的一大语法, 也是最基本的必考语法。该部分直接影响学习者的阅读和语言能力。该文针对高考定语从句复杂化、综合性强的特点, 以分析句子成分和还原法为解题关键对一些经典例题进行对比透析。望籍此提升考生综合审题能力, 提高解题正确率。
定语从句考点聚焦 篇8
一、 考查关系代词与关系副词的区别
解析 1～3题答案分别为D、B、C。第1题“position”为先行词，关系词在从句中做地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。句意：在销售总监的职位上，交际能力与销售能力同等重要。第2题when引导定语从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代），此处的when=in which。第3题story shows the most imagination修饰先行词writer。而先行词writer和story有所属关系，所以用whose表示“作者的故事”。句意为“这个奖项将颁给写的故事充满想象力的作家。”
【命题透视】 选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的句子成分。如果关系词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语，只能用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中做状语（地点、时间、原因）则用关系副词。
二、 考查非限制性定语从句
解析 4～6题答案分别为A、A、C。第4题中，依据后面的closing time“停止营业时间”可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which。第5题如果选择B或D就出现了两个并列句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都指主句所表达的整个意思，as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，has been为系动词，而且非限制性定语从句在句中，所以应该选as，代替A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。第6题所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，用which引导。其余选项与题干不符。
【命题透视】 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，与限制性定语从句区别的明显标志是与主句之间用逗号分开，不能用that引导；非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数；由as， which 引导的非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句；as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前、之后或插在句中，有“正如”、“就像”之意；而which引导的从句不能放在句首。
三、 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
解析 7～9题答案分别为D、C、C。第7题in which引导非限制性定语从句，which替代前面的process。第8小题前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句，在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。第9题考查“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。句中的先行词是two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选them，则逗号后面需要有并列连词and或者是独立主格结构，即both of them made into...。
【命题透视】 在“（名词、数词、代词+）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom（指人）和which（指物）。在这种结构中，“介词”的选择可依据下列几点：（1）某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以与关系副词when 和where，why互换。如第7题。（2）表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of，如第8、9题。
四、 考查分隔式定语从句
解析 10～11题答案分别为B、B。第10题中who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。which引导先行词是物的定语从句；whom先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语的定语从句；where修饰先行词是地点名词的定语从句，且在从句中做地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除；因从句太长显得句子不平衡，故置于句末。第11题中，指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。但由于非限制性定语从句太长，为了避免主句头重脚轻，故放在句末，被主句谓语were suffering in that area隔开。
【命题透视】 定语从句被其他成分隔开，没有直接位于被修饰的中心词即先行词之后，这种现象被称为分隔现象，这种从句叫做分隔式定语从句。出现这种现象有的是由于后置成分较长，为了使句子结构保持平衡，将定语从句移至其他成分之后，有的是出于修辞上的需要，以避免那种千篇一律的语言模式。因此，我们在使用关系词时，要找准中心词，在翻译这类复杂的句子时要正确地理解和分析句子的各种成分。
五、 考查定语从句与相关句型的区别
解析 12～15题答案分别为B、D、B、B。第12题句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来的。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，引导词在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。第13题考查定语从句与主语从句的区别，此句是occur to sb.（想到； 想起）的典型句式，是学习单词occur的一个重点方面。that这里是做主语从句的连接词。第14题考查地点状语从句与定语从句的区别，定语从句有被修饰的名词，而本句中没有从句所修饰的名词，where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在原地。故选B。第15题句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。