定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句讲解及练习（共7篇）

定语从句讲解及练习 篇1

定语从句用法小结

概念: 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：

关联词: 关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。

关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约：

(1)要看先行词是指人还是指物，(2)要看关系代词在从句中句法功能，(3)要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。

在定语从句中充当的成分

指人

指物

指人或指物

主语 who

which

that 宾语 whom which

that 谓语 whose whose(of which)

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that 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。

I know that he is a man who means what he says.I know that he is a man that means what he says.我知道他是一个守信用的人。

The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向

她打了招呼。

The watch which was lost has been found.The watch that was lost has been found.丢了的表找到了。

Here is the material that you need.Here is the material you need.你要的材料在这儿了。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.他也就是听你的话吧。

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关系副词的选用: 如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why

I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。

I don’t know the reason why he did that.I don’t know the reason for which he did that.我不知道他为什么这么做。

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当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, few 1 only, , much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句：

I have explained everything that I can to you.我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。

That’s all that I know.我知道的就是这些。

Can you tell me something that you know? 你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗？ There is nothing that I cannot tell you.我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。

The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。

The last place that we visited was the farm.我们最后参观的地方是农场。

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还有一种定语从句，它的结构是：the same … as… , such … as

这里的as 可以指人或物，且引导的是限定性定语从句：

Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。

We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。

It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised.这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。

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限定性定语从句与主句关系密切，为句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，则主句意思不完整。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散，如果去掉了，主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。

His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.他的讲话没完没了，真让人烦。

The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。

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非限定性定语从句中，先行词也可以是整个句子，一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句；which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，而as 在从句中一般只充当主语；which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比较灵活，可以放在句子当中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。

As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all.众所周知，压力太大了，人会得病的。

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all.众所周知，水是由氢和氧组成的。

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关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom，而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可以使用that来代替which或whom，这时的that可以省略。

This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。

One of my students whom you are familiar with will come.将要来的那个学生你也认识。1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 2.His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it 3.We went through a period __________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 4.Mozart’s birthplace and the house __________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A.where B.when C.there D.which 5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy __________ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 6.Children who are not active or __________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.where C.what D.that 7.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __________ is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 8.I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what 9.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of __________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 10.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister __________ she would stay for an hour.A.where B.who C.which D.what 11.The newly-built cafe, the walls of __________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which

12.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 13.— What do you think of teaching, Bob?

— I find it fun and challenging.It is a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that 14.It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where 15.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A.if B.when C.which D.since 16.Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 17.I have reached a point in my life __________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why 18.The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which 19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.when C.who D.which 20.It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which 4

定语从句讲解及练习 篇2

1.The girl is my English teacher.

2.My English teacher is making faces.

3.My English teacher is wearing a light green dress.

二、教师演示, 通过关系词把两个句子连接成定语从句, 从而导入定语从句的概念、先行词和关系词

“the girl”是三句话中共有的短语, 可以确定其为先行词, 且“the girl”是人所以选用指人的关系词“who”, 句子1和2, 句子1和3加在一起可以分别得到如下定语从句:

定语从句1:The girl who is making faces is my English teacher. (1和2)

定语从句2:The girl who is wearing a light green dress is my English teacher. (1和3)

对上面两个定语从句进行讲解可以导入定语从句的概念、先行词和关系词。

所谓定语从句就是在句子中做定语的从句, 它修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词或词组叫“先行词”, 定语从句一般出现在先行词之后, 由关系词 (关系代词或关系副词) 引出。关系代词包括:who, whom, whose, that, which, as等;关系副词包括:when, where, why等。

三、PPT展示定语从句的类型, 进行详细讲解让学生系统掌握定语从句的用法

(一) 关系代词引出的定语从句

1.which, that代替事或物, 在从句中做宾语或主语 (做宾语时可省略) ;

2.who, that, whom, whose代替人, who, that在从句中做主语, whom在句中做宾语, whose在句中做定语。

3.例句:

(1) 工作努力的人往往获得成功。

The men who/that work hard are often successful. (2) 与你交谈的那个人是我们的班长。

(2) 与你交谈的那个人是我们的班长。

The man to whom you talked is our monitor.

(3) 从这里能看见其屋顶的那栋楼是我们的寝室楼。

The building whose roof can be seen here is our dorm.

4.that和which, 一般没什么去区别, 但在下列情况下一般用that:

(1) 先行词为all, nothing, anything, little等不定代词时, All that she lacked is training.

(2) 先行词前有序数词或最高级修饰时,

The first thing that you should do is to register.This is the most moving match that I have ever seen.

(3) 先行词既有人又有物时。

He talked vividly about the people and things that he had met during his trip.

(二) 关系副词when、where、why引出的定语从句

1.I began to work in Ningbo in the year when I graduated.

2.This was the supermarket where I bought this kind of drink.

3.Please tell me your reason why you are late again.

(三) 介词+which (whom) 引出的定语从句

Do you remember the day on which your sister got married?

你还记得你姐姐结婚的那天吗?

四、让学生理解领会

邀请几个学生来当模特, 并请几个学生来描述他们, 其他同学猜他们描述的是哪一位同学, 让他们在情景和任务中理解和运用定语从句。

五、对学生给出的定语从句中的错误进行纠正, 并引导学生总结定语从句中关系词的功能

在定语从句中关系词常有三个作用:

1.引导定语从句, 2.代替先行词, 3.在定语从句中充当一个成分。在使用定语从句时, 由于先行词已经被关系词代替了, 所以先行词在从句中不可以再次出现, 这是学生很容易忽视的一点。

六、课后再给学生一些定语从句的专项训练, 加深理解, 巩固学生对于定语从句的掌握

在教学中采用上述讲解方法, 教师生动形象的讲解, 直观唯美的PPT画面, 和学生栩栩如生的表演, 使得原本枯燥乏味的语法课变得趣味十足, 课堂气氛十分活泼, 学生的学习兴趣和积极性极度高涨, 他们想要不学好定语从句都难。

摘要：定语从句是全国英语应用能力等级考试中经常考查的语法知识, 也是学生学习的重点和难点。定语从句的两大要素:先行词和关系词是学生很难把握的。如何让学生在娱乐中, 于情景与任务中学习掌握定语从句, 也是所有英语教师所面临的问题, 本文旨在和大家一起分享定语从句的讲解方法。

定语从句讲解的步骤与方法 篇3

关键词：高中英语 定语从句 步骤 方法

【分类号】G633.41

我们对任何一个语法知识点的掌握，首先应该理解该语法点的基本概念。定语从句，顾名思义，就是充当定语的一个从句。由此而衍生了其他的基本知识点——既然是充当定语，说明它的位置通常是放在名词后；既然是从句，那么必须隶属于一个主句，并且符合句子的基本构成以及从句的基本要素。

定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，引导词主要分为关系代词（that， which， who， whom， whose， as）和关系副词（why， when， where）。

Which只能指物，在从句中既可做主语，宾语，也可以做表语。既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，可以直接将可拆分介词放在which前。That既可指人也可指物，既可做主语，宾语，也可以做表语，不能引导非限制性定语从句，不能直接将介词放在that前。限制性定语从句中，有些特殊情况，必须用that：1、先行词为不定代词时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。2、先行词为两者或两者以上，兼指人和物时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。3、先行词被定冠词+序数词/形容词的最高级所修饰时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。4、先行词被the+very/sole/unique/right所修饰时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。5、多个定语从句修饰同一个名词时，第二个及以上的定语从句关系代词只能用that。6、在疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句中所包含的定语从句关系代词只能用that。7、先行词为way， 其后的定语从句关系代词通常用that.。

方法点拨：非限制性定语从句中绝不可用that来引导，而在限制性定语从句中，不管先行词是人还是物，只要不是直接放在介词后，那么用that基本不会出错。

Who只能指人，在从句中通常充当主语、表语，有时也可充当宾语，不可直接放在介词后。Whom只能指人，在从句中通常充当宾语，可以直接放在介词后。Whose不可單独使用，其后必须还有一个名词，共同在从句中起一个名词的功能。Whose+ n. 相当于the+ n.+ of+ which/whom。As引导限制性定语从句时，先行词通常被such/the same 所修饰。引导非限制性定语从句时，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句的中间或后面。

方法点拨：名词被such所修饰，如果其后的从句已完整，那么通常用that，如果不完整，通常用as.

which与as引导非限制性定语从句时，两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。

两者的不同点：

1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。3. which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行为动词。4. as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）； as we all can see（正如我们看到的）； be announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned /said /shown /reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。5. 在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。6. “介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。.7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。 8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which

关系副词在定语从句中通常充当状语。先行词为reason时，其后的定语从句关系副词通常用why/for which；先行词为表时间的名词时，其后的定语从句关系副词通常用when；先行词为表地点的名词时，其后的定语从句关系副词通常用where.

定语从句讲解 篇4

一个美丽的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）

一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容词作定语 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：who whom whose which that as

关系代词 ：when where why 先行词和关系词的关系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系代词的作用

1.代替先行词;

２.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;

3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来）

关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。

① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主语 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作宾语分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主语 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状

语）

第三选择合适的关系词 关系代词的用法注意点

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-开头的特殊疑问句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 练习：that 与 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people时。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定语从句练习

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．are The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．as

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．all

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、从下框中选择合适的关系代词填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

定语从句讲解及练习 篇5

首先大家要清楚，什么是定语从句？就是指在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。同学们还要知道定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。关系副词包括where, when, why等。接下来说一说，定语从句考查的重点：

1、考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。

选择关系代词还是关系副词的关键，取决于关系词在句中所充当的成分，如果关系词在从句中做主语，宾语，表语、定语时，只能用关系代词，如果关系词在从句中作状语，就用关系副词。看下面的例题解析：

考点归纳：英语从句中常见的关系代词，它们的用法分别是： 1）who用来指人，也就是说，它的先行词必须是人，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。要注意的是who的前面不能有介词，如果带介词，就必须用宾格whom形式。大家看下面的例句：

2）whose是代词的所有格，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，让它指代物的时候，相当于of which 例如，3）在限制性定语从句中，which, that可以通用，但有的时候只能用which，不用that看下面分析:

2、考查只能用that引导的定语从句，有下面几种情况：

3、考查which在非限定性从句中的用法。大家要先知道什么是非限定性定语从句，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的补充说明，删掉它不影响整个句子的意思。那么限定性定语从句呢？它是用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，如果去掉，剩下的那部分意思就含糊不清了。看下面的具体分析：

接下来我们，具体看一下，限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别，列表解释如下：

4、综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词用法，例如：

5、考查简单句转化为含有定语从句的复合句，例句解析：

6、考查含有定语从句的复合句转化为简单句。

7、考查定语从句中动词的时态。

这类时态题在近几年各地中考试题中经常出现，在定语从句中考查动词的时态，是大家很难准确判断动词的时态。在解答这类题的时候，同学们一定要领会语境，然后再根据主句和从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。看下面例题：

定语从句练习 篇6

1. He________thinks but does not learn is in danger. （思而不学则殆）

2. I asked two of my students to answer the question， neither of________would give a quick answer.

3. He is not the only boy________parents failed to survive the earthquake.

4. All the books________have been selected here are about UFO.

5. That evening，________I will tell you about later， was the happiest one________I had had for the last ten years.

6. The dictionary is the only place________success comes before work.

7. We are looking forward to the time________we will get reunited （团聚）.

8. I’m sure the reason________he was absent from school yesterday isn’t the one________he gave us this morning.

二、在每组第二句的空白处填上适当的词，使其句意与所给句相同或相近（每空一词）

9. Nothing in the world is difficult for one if he sets his mind on it.

Nothing in the world is difficult for one

sets his mind on it.

10. The Wenchuan earthquake happened on May 12， 2008. I will remember it forever.

I will never forget May 12， 2008，

the Wenchuan earthquake happened.

11. Did you buy your favorite dress in this shop？

Is this the shop________you bought your favorite dress？

12. At the assembly， she sat besides a girl named Diana.

At the assembly， she sat next to a girl________________Diana.

13.There is nothing to be done.

There is nothing________

done.

14.As your close friend， I will do my best to help you.

I，________your close friend， will try my best to help you.

15. David donated a lot of paintings to the school. Some are being shown in the exhibition room.

David donated a lot of paintings to the school， some________are being shown in the exhibition room.

三、选择填空

16. In my opinion， this is the best TV play________has been made so far.

A. whichB. that

C. 不填D. who

17. Would you please describe （描述） the first school________you visited last week？

A. whereB. when

C. thatD. which

18. I wonder if there is anything________I can do for you.

A. whichB. that

C. 不填D. either B or C

19. Ancient Rome is said to be a country

culture had a great effect on the western world for centuries.

A. whereB. its

C. whichD. whose

20. —Do you still remember the days

we spent in that small village？

—Certainly. Especially the hard timeswe lived together.

A. when； whichB. that； when

C. that； whichD. which； that

21. Nanjing is not the only city________has experienced such a severe drought （严重的干旱）.

A. thatB. which

C. whereD. 不填

22. The next day the boy took us to the same place________he had lost his e?鄄bicycle.

A. asB. where

C. thatD. which

23. She brought her four friends to my birthday party，________I had never met before.

A. no one of them

B. none of them

C. none of whom

D. no one of whom

24. Jane received an invitation from her boss，________came as a surprise.

A. thatB. which

C. whatD. it

25. Mr. Zhang is the only one of the few teachers________to Australia in our school.

定语从句讲解及练习 篇7

关系代词即可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性从句，as在从句中做主语，并与或表语。

1)Such +名词+as…(像…一样…/像…之类)The same +名词+as(和…同样的)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.(作表语)We have found the same materials as are used in their factory.(做主语)2)Such …as引导的定语从句与such…that引导的状语从句的区别

He is such a naughty boy as everyone dislikes.He is such a naughty boy that everyone dislikes him.3)结构such as中such作代词，意为“这样的人或事”，as在从句中做成分，修饰先行词。

This book is not such as I expect.(这不是我想要的书)He is such as you can’t rely on.2.As和which引导定语从句的区别

1）as的用法：①在从句中通常做主语代指整个主句，②表示的意思是正如，正像③其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。

As we expect, we won the game.（正如我们预料的一样，我们赢了）。

The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.The earth is round, as we all know.（正如我们所知到的一样地球是圆的）

As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.2）which的用法：①关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语，代指人或事。②当代指整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad.The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.(因果关系)3）当非限定性定语从句放在主句后面时，一下情况要注意：

a.当非限定性定语从句是否定词或表否定时，只能用which.He came here very late, which was unexpected/out of our expectation.Johnson refused to apologize for his blame and flashed the door angrily, which left the atmosphere of the meeting in embarrassment.b.as仍然保持连词时常含有“正如…/正像…”的含义

Jack has won the first price, as it often happens.He is unusually warm-hearted, loving and generous, as all his friends can see.c.当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which。

She has been absent again, as is expected.Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.d.当非限定性定语从句的宾语是一个复合结构(如宾补)的时候，只能用which。

Betty always tells a lie, which makes her parents feel strange.一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分

1.形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.2.动词短语先行成分。

这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。

3.句子作先行成分。

这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。

二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置

由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：

1.形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。

2.动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。

3.句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能

一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。

1.表示结果（which）

表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。

2.表示评注（as）

表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。

3.有无状语意义