动词时态和语态练习题(通用7篇)
动词时态和语态练习题 篇1
动词的时态 --- 基本概念 5. 现在进行时和过去进行时 基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正确选项B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.) 6. 一般过去时和过去进行时 比较下列句子: * I wrote a letter yesterday. (信写完了) * I was writing a letter yesterday. (一直在写信,但不一定写完了) * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时,我正在写) 从以上例句可以看出,一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作,而过去进行时1)强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2)动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生,无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。再如: *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断,他去年正在写。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正确选项为A. slip和notice 为同时发生的动作,因此B、C为错误选项,slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况(没有人注意)。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正确选项为B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正确选项为D(道理同上)。 7. 过去完成时 基本概念: A) 表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film. 这里需要注意的是,had seen 一定是发生在said之前的行为,而不是之后。 再如: * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正确选项为A, 因为died是发生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行为;died 是站在现在时间角度看过去,是强调过去发生了的事情,而不是强调现在如何,因此D错,B错(过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来)。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正确选项为A(道理同上)。 B) 表延续到过去某一时间的行为 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表过去某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正确选项为B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正确选项为C。 8. 过去将来时 基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为(过去的将来)。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
正确选项为B。
* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.
答案可以是:A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave
由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。
9. 将来完成时
基本概念:
在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后,我们应该认识到:完成时的概念其实就是两条1)表结果 2)表延续 ,站在现在时间角度看,就是现在完成时;时间移到过去就是过去完成是;时间移至将来就是将来完成时,因此,将来完成时
A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为
* By the end of they will have built the factory.
* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.
B) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为
* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.
动词的被动语态
以上我们讨论了动词主动语态的各种时态,与主动语态一样,被动语态也有相同的各种时态。因此,我们只要关注被动语态的某些特殊用法就可以了。
被动语态的某些特殊用法
A. 有些及物动词有时形式上为主动, 表达主语的特性或特征
* The kind of cloth washes well.
* The book sells / writes well.
* Your hands feel cold.
动词时态和语态练习题 篇2
关键词:动词的时态,动词的语态,时间方面,动作方面
从事高中英语教学七年。尤其是身处农村。面对基础薄弱, 单词匮乏, 语法上一知半解, 毫无系统而言的学生。我潜心研究如何在青少年步入高中阶段, 其理解力增强的基础上, 让其尽快接纳英语, 理解英语, 进而学会英语。对于句子灵魂的谓语部分, 动词的时态和语态是基础的入门语法之一。为简化及省略其初中阶段所必背的时间状语及大量的语法规则, 我提出了轴线法解析动词时态语态的教学思路与方法。
一、坐标轴理论
时时态表/语态表
如图所示, 首先, 横轴代表时间方向, 在这个方向上, 将时间分为过去将来, 过去, 现在以及现在将来四个时间段。竖轴代表方面, 将其分为一般方面, 完成方面, 进行方面以及完成进行方面。内容中的红色字体代表该时态的被动语态。
1.解析时间轴、动作轴
时间方面, 在汉语中, 存在现在, 过去以及将来三个时间段, 学生很容易进行类比理解。故不用细说。而过去将来这一时间段, 是汉语与英语所不能一一对应之处, 需进行解释。其常用在大背景为过去的情况下, 在过去的某一时间点上, 去说该点之后的事情, 也就是从过去看未来。
动作方面, 是我们学生理解上的难点, 首先, 进行方面既是动作正在进行;完成方面往往跨两个时间点, 动作始于前一时间点, 而说话人的着眼点为后一时间点;完成进行则是既有完成, 又有进行;一般方面是既不完成, 又不进行, 往往是经常性的, 习惯性的事情。
2.解析时态构成规律
在时态构成的规律上, 表示时间的词总是在构成的最前方。
根据构成的第一个词的形式, 我们即可知该结构表示的为何种时间。即:would/should表示过去将来的时间段;动词的过去式表示过去的时间段;动词原型以及第三人称单数形式表示现在的时间段;will以及shall表示将来的时间段。
表示动作的结构紧跟表示时间的词之后, 如一般体往往是动词原形;进行体则必定存在be doing这一形式;完成体必有have done形式;完成进行体则必有have been doing, 即既有完成又有进行。
语态方面, 构成上必有be done结构, 语意上必有被动含义。
对此规律的深层理解, 有利于之后对非谓语动词、情态动词以及虚拟语气的学习。
二、释例解析坐标轴法
在对四个时间、四个动作进行最简单的解释之后, 此教法的核心是例题解析, 以磨合学生动此方法的理解与应用。
例一:---Oh, God!What did you do to my re-port, Tom?
---Terribly sorry.My mind______and I will type it again for you.
A.has wandered
B.had wandered
C.is wandering
D.was wandering
句子含义:哦, 上帝!汤姆, 你刚刚对我的报告做了什么?---十分抱歉, 我刚刚溜号了, 我立刻再打一份给你。
时间方面:Tom是在说话这点的前面思维去散步了, 所以确定时间在过去。
动作方面:前一人提醒Tom之前, 他正在想别的事情, 所以动作为进行。
合在一起为过去进行时, 故选D。
例二:---Tony, where are the cookies?Don’t tell me you______them all again!
---Yes, I did.I couldn’t help it.They were so good.
A.had eaten
B.ate
C.are eating
D.have eaten
句意为:托尼, 曲奇饼干哪儿去了?别告诉我你又把它们全吃了。---是的, 我吃了, 它们太美味了, 我控制不住自己。
时间方面:吃饼干的动作发生在妈妈说话之前, 故为过去。
动作方央:注意again这个单词, 它表示Tony有偷吃曲奇饼干的习惯, 所以是经常性的动作, 故为一般方面。
合在一起为一般过去时, 故选B。
例三:Iwasjust going to moveaway theheavy case but someone______it.Was it you?
A.has done
B.would do
C.had done
D.will do
句意为:我正打算搬开这个沉重的箱子, 但是某人已经先搬走了。这个人是你吗?
时间方面:我正打算发生在过去, but连接并列句, 时间亦在过去。
动作方面:是某人在我打算之前搬走了箱子。搬的动作发生在打算之前, 说话人注重搬走的结果, 也就是后一时间。符合完成的动作,
合在一起为过去完成时。故选C
例四:With the country’s population reaching 1.6bil-lion in the mid of this century, most of China’s rivers, including the Yellow River, ______.
A.is drying up
B.will be drying up
C.dry up
D.have dried up
句意为:随着这个国家的人口在本世纪中叶时达到16亿, 大多数的中国河流, 包括黄河都将枯竭。
时间方面:河水干涸是发生在将来的事情。
动作方面:是在将来一点点枯竭, 所以是进行的动作。
合在一起将来进行时。故选B。
例五:Before they______anything, children see the world with fresh eyes.Their responses are honest and imaginative.
A.teach
B.taught
C.are teaching
D.are taught
句意为:在孩子们被教会任何东西之前, 他们用新奇的眼光看世界, 他们的对其的回应是诚实而充满想象力的。
时间方面:这是一句客观上的陈述, 是一句总结型的讲道理的话。故无时间着眼点, 此种情况属于现在这一时间领域。动作方面:是一个一般的动作, 既不进行, 亦不完成。
语态方面:孩子是被教会, 故为被动。
合在一起为现在一般时的被动语态。
所以, 对于语态方面, 往往是对句子含义的把握, 句子主语和谓语之间为被动含义时既用该对应时态的被动语态。
三、各时间及动作方面需注意的几点
(一) 将来时的六种基本用法
1.will/shall+V.
(1) (按自然规律) 必然会…He will be thirty years old next year.
(2) 事先未考虑过, 即说话时临时做出的决定。
—You've left the light on.
—Oh, so I have.I'll go and turn it off.
(3) 表示说话人认为、相信、希望、假定 (在遥远的) 将来要发生的事
IbelieveChinawillbecomeoneof therichest countries in the world.
(4) (科技中) 表示事物的倾向性或规律性Oil and water will not mix.
(5) 用在正式的天气预报中
There will be rain tomorrow.Fog will persist in this area.
(6) 在祈使句+and/or+陈述句句型中, 陈述句中只能用will/情态动词+动词原形。
Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
2.be going to+V.计划、打算, 有迹可循的推断
不与具体的时间状语连用, 可+when引导的状从。
4.现在进行时:
位置移动/瞬间动词:comegostayarrive leavebeginstart
一般现在时比现在进行时正式。Hecomeshere tonight.
5. 一般现在时:
规则1:表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作, 只用一般现在时。
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m..
规则2:在the more…the more…句型中, 通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
规则3:在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
规则4:在时间、条件及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”, 但不表示时态。
I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.If city noises are mot kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
6.be to+V.
(1) 表示“按计划或安排要做的事”。
was/were to do sth.曾经计划要做, 但不表明是否被执行;“命运注定会发生”;
was/were to have done sth.未曾实现的计划
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.
We were to have told you, but you were not in.
(2) 表示“应该”, 相当于should, ought to。
(3) 表示“想, 打算”, 相当于intend, want.
(4) 用于第一人称疑问句, 表示征求对方意见
(5) 用于否定句, 表示“禁止”, 相当于mustn’t.
(6) 表示“可以, 可能”, 相当于may, can。
The news is to be found in the evening paper.
She is nowhere to be found.
(二) 进行体的感情色彩:
表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作, 往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪, 常与always, continually, constantly连用。He is
(三) 完成体的瞬间动词:
瞬间动词join, lose, buy, borrow, lend, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out, take part in等, 在完成时态中, 其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用, 否定式可以。
He has joined the army three years. (×)
He joined the army three years ago. (√)
总结
动词的时态和语态 篇3
我一决定就打电话告诉你们。
2. The article warns that British children by a junk culture of processed food, computer games and over-competitive education. (poison)
该文章警告说,英国的儿童正受到加工食品、电脑游戏和竞争过于激烈的教育构成的“垃圾文化”的毒害。
3. With the approach of the summer vacation, I what great activities I can have with my family. (think)
随着暑假的来临,我这几天一直在想能跟家人一起参加一些什么活动。
4. His words have cleared our guess that his plan . (turn)
他的话消除了我们以为他的计划被拒绝了这一猜测。
5. It’s only when you have lost something that how much you value it. (realize)
只有当你失去了某样东西时,你才会意识到你多么珍惜它。
6. As the local newspaper reported, poor safety measures for the fire. (blame)
正如当地报纸的报道,糟糕的安全措施对这次火灾难辞其咎。
7. The two cats at the rescue center have become so close to each other that they . (look)
动物救援中心的这两只猫变得亲密无间,看起来就像姐妹俩。
8. A group of scientists , baby-sized robots to accompany the old at home alone. (develop)
一群科学家正在开发婴儿大小的机器人来陪伴独自在家的老人。
9. I still remember the first time we met three months ago, when you a job. (apply)
我还记得三个月前我们第一次见面的情形,当时你在找工作。
10. I the traffic jam for a complete two hours, or I wouldn’t have been late for the meeting. (catch)
我遇到堵车被困了整整两个小时,不然我就不会开会迟到了。
11. After he consulted with the doctor he to quit smoking. (make)
他在咨询了医生之后才下定决心戒烟。
12. The government gave timely help to those whose homes by the earthquake. (damage)
政府给家园被地震毁灭的人们及时提供了帮助。
13. My train for Wuhan is delayed because of the storm, and the show , by the time I arrive. (start)
我去武汉的火车因为大雨而晚点了,等我到武汉的时候,我要看的演出已经开始了。
14. You can pick me up at my house at 7:30 pm. I for you at that time. (wait)
你可以晚上7点半来接我,到那会我就在这里等你。
15. I have arrived at the hotel, and , soon. (check)
我已经到了旅馆,马上就要登记住宿了。
16. A recent survey reveals the number of people who shop in stores in the last two years, while a number of people are shopping online. (decrease)
最近一项调查表明,过去两年里,在商店购物的人数一直在减少,很多人都在网购。
17. Tell me the answer please; I , this question for weeks. (puzzle)
请告诉我答案吧,这个问题已经困扰了我几个星期了。
18. According to the spokesman, the case and it won’t be long before the final report comes out. (look)
按照这个发言人的说法,该起案件正在调查中,最终的报告不久将会出来。
19. Through the experiment we did yesterday, we got to know that light sound. (travel)
通过昨天我们做的实验我们知道光比声音传播得快。
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20. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .(decorate)
他们目前跟父母住在一起,因为他们自己的房子在装修。
21. All my efforts that improving my teaching methods have proved rewarding. (devote)
我致力于改进教学方式,事实证明那些努力没有白费。
22. According to the report, four Chinese students on Friday when they were swimming in a sea in Egypt. (drown)
根据该报道,4名中国学生在埃及的一个大海里游泳的时候溺水身亡。
23. They do not know if this , but a study has found that spending more time at school may increase intelligence. (apply)
他们不知道这个规律是否适用于所有孩子,但一项研究发现,在学校待的时间越长就越可能会提高智商。
24. Many old time memories , when we had a conversation that evening. (call)
那天晚上我们交谈的时候,很多旧时的记忆都被唤起了。
25. Concentrate on your study, and . (great)
如果你一门心思地学习,你就会取得更大的进步。
26. Local residents at major banks since morning yesterday to get their hands on 5-yuan commemorative coins issued by the People’s Bank of China. (queue)
昨日中国人民银行发行纪念版五元硬币,自清晨便有居民人在当地各大银行排队等候购买。
27. By the time he finally arrived, I in the rain for fifteen minutes. (wait)
等他终于姗姗来迟的时候,我已经在雨中等了15分钟了。
28. I’m afraid I the lecture. I want to attend it, but I’m busy preparing for a job interview. (miss)
恐怕我会错过这个讲座了,我想去听,但要忙着准备面试。
29. The majority of employers , wages in reaction to the economic crisis. (plan)
大多数雇主都在计划削减薪水以应对经济危机。
30. Her last book sold five million copies and it’s hoped that this one . (receive)
她的上一本书卖了5百万册,希望这本书会更受欢迎。
31. It was a long time before , the scene of the accident. (hurry)
过了好长时间,警察才赶到事故现场。
32. You’d better cut your hair short. Our school students’ keeping long hair. (approve)
你最好把头发剪一下。学校不允许学生留长发。
33. It seemed that the boy , and didn’t show any interest in what the teacher was saying. (make)
看来那个男孩是被迫学习的,他对老师讲的课不感兴趣。
34. It was reported that the fire had burned for quite some time before it . (bring)
据报道,大火烧了好长时间才被控制住。
35. We very early so we packed the night before. (leave)
我们很早就要出发,所以头天晚上就装好行李了。
36. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he , at school. (leave)
鲍勃打电话告诉他母亲,他把钥匙留在学校了,无法进屋。
37. It is getting hotter and hotter here. I hope the change of climate . (upset)
天越来越热,希望这气候的变化不会让你觉得烦。
38. By the time you have finished this book, your meal . (get)
等你看完这本书的时候,饭菜就冷了。
39. Mr Smith works in our company, but he today, as he’s on a sick leave. (work)
史密斯先生在我们公司工作,但他今天没上班,请病假了。
40. The coal miners in the coal mine for 10 hours before we came to their rescue. (trap)
我们去救这些矿工时他们已经被困在煤矿有10个小时了。
41. I didn’t realize that it , until I went to the door. (rain)
走到门口我才意识到正在下雨。
42. One moment, please. I the report for the manager and it won’t take long. (finish)
请等一会儿。我给经理的报告快完工了,只需要一会儿。
动词时态和语态练习题 篇4
1.高考考查的八种动词时态是:①一般现在时;②一般过去时;③一般将来时;④现在进行时;⑤过去进行时;⑥现在完成时;⑦过去完成时;⑧过去将来时。
2.容易混淆的三组动词时态是:①一般过去时和现在完成时;②一般过去时和过去完成时;③过去完成时与现在完成时。
3.各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。
能力解读
1.了解动词时态的时、体概念;
2.了解常考八种时态的基本用法并能够在真实的情景中恰当使用八种时态进行交际;
3.能够区别容易混淆的时态的用法;
4.掌握各种时态及含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用;
①分清动词的词性,熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen, take place, occur, exist 等,它们不能用被动语态;
② 分清主语与谓语之间的关系;
③ 变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词,但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式,此时,变被动语态后介词不能丢;
④ 熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况。
规律方法
1.试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”(如状语从句、宾语从句等)转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确,交际情景(对话形式占有一定比例)多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。这样的情景设置实质上是对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查,体现了高考试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变人命题原则。
2.题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐藏的”。
3.试题的设问多以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态来相互干扰。
命题趋势
毫无疑问,对于动词时态的考查仍交进高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则,即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文中考查时态和语态,注重在语境中考查时态和语态。
突破方法
1.学习动词的时态和语态时,切不可脱离实际运用的语言,一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。了解了八种时态的一些常见规则之后,要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中是如何使用各种时态的语态的。其实,教材中每单元第一课的情景对话,是领司时态用法真谛的最佳语言材料。
2.答题时,研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。如第10题目中的haven’t said, Do, I’m, sooner, think, it’s 等,这些表达中都含有时间信息,发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。
3.解决时态和语态问题,要遵循如下解题思路:
① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些?
② 这个动作处于什么状态,是进行中,还是已结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些?
(第4题中的rapidly 是个很关键的信息词)
③ 这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动?
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案,试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。
知识清单
清单一 动词的时态
一、时态的概念
时态是一种动词形式,它是“时”和“体”的组合。“时”有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分;“体”有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之别。动词的动作可发生于四种不同的时间,表现四种不同的“体”,每一种“时+体”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有(4×4)十六种时态,高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。
二、一般体、进行体、完成体的含义
一向指某动作既不正在进行又不确定完成与否的一种广泛意义上的方式。进行指一种持续性的、未完成的动作。动词的进行时还伴有其他一些意义,如:有限度的延续性、感情色彩、同时性、描述的生动性、强调性等。完成则表示动作发生在某个时间以前,但动作发生的时间总是未经明确指出的。通过例句体会它们的含义差别:
The teacher writes his own notes. (现在习续性动作)
The teacher is writing his notes now. (暂时的还在进行的动作)
The teacher has already written his notes. (现在已经完成的动作)
Xiao Wang comes late often. (现在经常性的动作)
Xiao Wang is always coming late. (带有不满的色彩)
I read a book yesterday evening. (在过去时间的动作)
I was reading a book yesterday evening. (过去时间未完成的持续动作)
I have read the book. (现在已经读完那本书了)
She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑剔别人的毛病。
He is constantly leaving things about. 他总是丢三拉四。
I am hoping you can come and have supper with us. 我正希望您能来和我们一起吃晚饭。(比如I hope…语气更委婉)
She has been saying that twenty times. 这话她已经说了20遍。
三、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
1.一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的,与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系,是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2.一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等;现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等;表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有:today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。
3.比较下面几组句子,体会两种时态的不同:
He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. (这是过去的一件事)
He has served in the army for 5 years. (现在他仍在军中服役,他是个军人)
He wrote many plays when he was at college.
他上大学的时候,写了许多剧本。(写剧本是他过去的事)
He has written many plays.
他写了许多部剧本。(这意味着他是剧作家)
I saw Hero last year.
去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。(看《英雄》的时间是去年,与现在时间无关)
I have seen Hero before.
我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。(强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过,但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间,而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。)
四、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
1.一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的,过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同,对过去完成时来说,这一个时间参照点十分重要,它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础,也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。
2.过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示,如by that time, by the end of…, before , by the time +句子等。
五、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
1.两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作(句中有表示过去特定时间的状语)。
2.比较下面的说法
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。(回来发生在过去某一时间,发病发生在过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week.
动词时态和语态练习题 篇5
1. 主谓的分隔原则
S, ---,VO
主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔
* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
...noun.+that / which +V
* that, which并不反映单复数
one of 复n + that/which + 复V
the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V
3. 随前一致
together with, as well as, with, including, of
4. 随后一致
not 单n. but 复n. + 复V
not only 单n. but also 复n. + 复V
5. 就近一致
单n. or 复n.
either 单n. or 复n.
neither 单n. nor 复n.
is he or we... 对
he or we are... 对
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词
不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词
例外:war and peace is / was
black and white is / was
bread and butter is / was
to love and to be loved is/was
7. 百分比结构
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
…+of +n. +V 由名词决定动词的单复数
8. 倒装句中的主谓一致
There be...
between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装
Between ...+ be + noun.
Among...+ be + noun.
主 + 系 + 表
主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致
9. The+ adj.
a. 表示“一类人”用复数V
The rich are ridiculous
b. 表示某一抽象概念
The good is attractive
10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V
many a + 单noun. + 单V
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two
news 单数 measles 不可数
the series 用is/are从上下文得出
二、时态
1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时
2. before + 过去年份,用过去完成时
3. for/since:
for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时
since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时
I have been a teacher for 3 years.
I have been a teacher since .
I was a teacher for 3 years.
4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用
一般现在时和一般过去时混用
三、语态 考主被的混用
一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感
1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
prove(vt) + sth./that +句子
my advice proved to be wrong
2. 位于:locate永远考被动
situate 主动:把...放置;确定位置
被动:位于
3. 需要:need, want, require
情态动词need+动词
实义动词 to do sth. / doing = to be done
My watch need repairing. (主动表被动= …to be repaired. )
4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move
I am pleased. 主语高兴
he news is pleasing. 令人高兴使...高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)
Franklin is so moved.
动词时态和语态练习题 篇6
2.Don’t you think it is time you ___ smoking? A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up 【答案】B It is time sb did sth:该是做某事的时候了,固定用法,句中的动词使用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示。
3.I would have joined him in a picnic, but I _____ his company.A.will not like B.don’t like C.had not liked D.might not like 【答案】B本题的题干是一个表示虚拟的句子,但是后面的句子表示真实语气的。因此正确答案为B。本句的意思是:“我本来想参加他的野餐的,但是我不喜欢他的伙伴们。” 4.I wish you ___ to me before you went and bought that car.A.spoke B.will speak C.was going to speak D.had spoken 【答案】D 句中before后面的动作时过去时态,表明已经发生了,故B错;因“我希望(I wish)”发生的动作应该发生在before从句中的动作之前,所以选过去完成时态,故D正确。“wish+宾语从句”表示与过去事实的虚拟:sb wish that „ had done,表示“应该发生而实际没有发生的动作”。
5.___the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken 【答案】D 此句测试虚拟语气的用法。此句为和过去的事实相反的虚拟句,if省略,句子倒装。因此D最符合题意。本句的意思是:“如果他听了朋友们的劝告,他的生意就不会这么损失惨重。” 6.It’s vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.A.is B.be C.must be D.can be 【答案】B 此题考查虚拟语气的用法。形容词vital后面连接主语从句的时候要虚拟语气should+动词原形。
因此B为正确答案。
7.I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you ___ next month for a dinner.A.come B.would come C.came D.have come 【答案】C。would rather +句子(过去时)(虚拟语气):I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.你最好别告诉任何人我所说的话。I’d rather you came with me.你还是和我一起来吧。8.I believe he ___ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had 【答案】D 主语+must+have+过去分词,表示对过去事实的推测。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.路是湿的,昨晚肯定下雨了。I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我没有听见电话玲响,我肯定是睡着了。
9.It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged 【答案】C It is(was)+adj形容词/过去分词+that„„结构中形容词后的主语从句用虚拟语气表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、迫切、重要等;should可省略。常用的形容词由natural, appropriate, advisable, preferable, better, necessary, important, imperative, urgent, essential, vital, probable, possible, compulsory, crucial, desirable等。
10.You have stayed at home for two days.It’s time you_____ for a walk.A.go out B.went out C.will go out D.would go out 【答案】B。虚拟语气。固定句型It’s time that+过去式。他说你在家呆了两天了,该是你出去散步了。11.Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ____ the same language? A.spoke B.speak C.had spoken D.will speak 【答案】A do you think是主句,后面的部分是宾语从句,而宾语从句是一个包含if 条件状语从句的复合句;there would be判断, if从句中可以用一般过去时spoke,表示现在事实的虚拟。句意为;你如果认为人们都说同样的语言,世界上就会少些冲突吗?
12.The doctor advised that Mr.Malan ___ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had B.would have C.have
D.was going to have 【答案】C advise 后面的宾语从句中要求使用虚拟语气,动词用(should)+do形式。13.Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I ___it to you.” A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned 【答案】D 此句测试虚拟语气的用法。因为题干中有句话had I seen your bag,表示和过去的事实相反的句子,if省略,因此D为正确答案。本句的意思是:玛丽对我说:如果我看见了你的书包,我会还给你的。14.Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth_____ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown 【答案】A 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。without引导含蓄的虚拟条件句,本句与现在的事实相反因此选A。又如:Without electricity,there would not be modern industry 如果没有电的话,就没有现代工业。15.It is desirable that he ___.A.gives up trying B.give up trying C.would give up trying D.is going to give up trying 【答案】B。句型It is desirable(suggested,necessary,requested,ordered,proposed,important)+that+主语+should(可省略)+V(动词原形)。因此本句选B。如:It is strange that he(should)go himself.真奇怪,他怎么自己独自去呢?
动词时态语态五大制胜法则 篇7
制胜法则一:寻找标志词法
若题目考查的是动词时态和语态,则可以回到题干寻找标志性的时间状语,据此解题。例如:
① Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months. (2011年北京卷)
A. works B. worked
C. has been workingD. had been working
【解析】四个选项的中心词都是work,只是时态不同,因此可判定本题考查动词时态。题干的意思是:“在过去的三个月里,汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中的over the last three months是明显的现在完成时或现在完成进行时的标志,故正确答案为C。
② In the last few years thousands of films ______ all over the world. (2011年天津卷)
A. have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
【解析】四个选项的中心词都是produce,只有时态和语态不同,所以本题考查动词的时态和语态。题干的意思是:“在过去的几年间,全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”题干中的in the last few years (在过去的几年间)其实是从过去算到现在,是现在完成时的标志,答案应在A和B中选择。由于films与produce之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,produce应使用被动语态,故正确答案为B。
③ —Tommy is planning to buy a car.
—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one. (2011年江苏卷)
A. savesB. saved
C. will saveD. will have saved
【解析】题干的意思是:“——汤米正计划着买辆车。——我知道。到下个月,他就能攒够买辆旧车的钱了。”题干中有非常明显的时间标志词by next month,句子应用将来完成时,故正确答案为D。
④ In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ______ by scientists. (2011年湖南卷)
A. are makingB. are made
C. will make D. will be made
【解析】题干的意思是:“在不久的将来,科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”题干中的in the near future是表将来的时间状语,more advances与 make之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,make应用被动语态,故正确答案为D。
⑤ By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college. (2011年辽宁卷)
A. graduated B. has graduated
C. had been graduatingD. had graduated
【解析】题干的意思是:“当杰克从英国返回家时,他的儿子早已大学毕业了。”题干中有非常明显的时间标志词(组) by the time (到……时为止),常与完成时连用,又因为return这个动作发生在过去,而graduate发生在return之前,是过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时,故正确答案为D。
【技巧支招】高考英语考查动词时态语态的题中常常会给出具体的情景,考生只需找出其中的时间标志词,选择正确的动词时态,并结合具体的语境选择正确的语态即可。
制胜法则二:呼应法
遇到考查动词时态的题时,如果所给题干是含有宾语从句或状语从句的主从复合句,则可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。例如:
① When Alice came to life, she did not know how long she ______ there. (2011年全国卷I)
A. had been lying B. has been lying
C. was lying D. has lain
【解析】题干的意思是:“当爱丽丝苏醒过来的时候,她不知道自己已经在这里躺了多久。”因为主句用了一般过去时(did not know),所以宾语从句不能用现在的时态,可以排除B和D。通过分析我们发现,lie这个动作发生在came to life之前,即发生在过去的过去,应该用过去完成时;又因为lie这个动作一直持续到came to life这个动作发生,故使用过去完成进行时。正确答案为A。
② —When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we _____ our plan. (2010年四川卷)
A. will finishB. are finishing
C. are to finishD. have finished
【解析】题干的意思是:“——我们什么时候重新营业?——直到完成我们的计划。”在状语从句中,通常用一般现在时表将来时,用现在完成时表将来完成时。题干的主句是一般将来时,故not until从句中应使用现在完成时表将来完成时。正确答案为D。
【技巧支招】在主从复合句中,主从句时态之间存在一种呼应关系。在宾语从句中,如果主句为过去时,从句往往要用过去的某种时态(但客观事实或真理仍用一般现在时);而如果主句用一般现在时,则宾语从句时态不受主句时态的限制。在时间或条件状语从句中,主句若用将来时,从句往往要用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时。
制胜法则三:搭配法
英语中很多固定搭配或特殊句式所用时态都是固定的,所以,如果题干包含某种固定搭配或特殊句式,考生即可据此选用对应的时态。例如:
① His first novel _____ good reviews since it came out last month. (2011年陕西卷)
A. receivesB. is receiving
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C. will receive D. has received
【解析】题干的意思是:“他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了许多好评。”题干中的since意为“自从……以来”,引导含有过去时的从句,此时主句应使用现在完成时,故正确答案为D。
② Linda, make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive. (2010年全国卷II)
A. be set B. set
C. are set D. are setting
【解析】分析题干结构,make sure后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时。固定搭配set tables意为“摆好桌子”,tables前置作宾语从句的主语,故set要用被动语态。正确答案为C。
③ This is the first time we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009年陕西卷)
A. see B. had seen
C. saw D. have seen
【解析】分析题干结构,This is the first/second/last ... time (that)是固定结构,后面的从句应使用现在完成时。如果把is改为was,则后面的从句中应使用过去完成时。故正确答案为D。
④ —How can I apply for an online course?
—Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. (2007年北京卷)
A. see B. are seeing
C. have seen D. will see
【解析】分析题干结构,“祈使句(或名词词组) + and/or +简单句”是并列句的一种固定句式,and/or后的简单句通常用一般将来时或用情态动词表示将来。故正确答案为D。
⑤ I ______ along the street looking for a place to park my car when the accident ______. (2006年江苏卷)
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; had occurred
【解析】分析题干结构,“be doing ... when ...”是一个固定句式,意思是“正在……,这时(发生了另一件事)”,主句为过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时。故此题正确答案为C。类似的句式还有“be about to do ... when ...”和“be on the point of doing ... when ...”,意思都是“正要做某事,这时(发生了另一件事)”。
【技巧支招】下列固定句型所用时态是固定的,同学们若牢记可有助于解题。
(1)This/That/It is the first time + that从句(现在完成时)
(2)This/That/It was the first time + that从句(过去完成时)
(3)It has been +一段时间+ since从句(一般过去时)
(4)Hardly/No sooner had sb. done when/than +从句(一般过去时)
(5)It will be +一段时间+ before从句(一般现在时)
(6)It was +一段时间+ before从句(一般过去时)
(7)It's time + (that)从句(一般过去时或should do)
(8)主句(现在完成时) + since从句(一般过去时)
(9)主语+ (一般过去时) + recognize/realize ...
(10) 祈使句+ and/or +简单句(一般将来时)
(11) ... was/were doing ... when ... (一般过去时)
(12) make sure (certain)、see to it、mind、care、matter等后接宾语从句时,从句通常用一般现在时。
制胜法则四:语境法
有些时态题中不出现时间状语,而是给出语境。考生解题时应细心体会所给语境,注意动作发生的先后关系,根据具体语境选择合适的时态。例如:
① If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one. (2011年全国卷II)
A. ordered B. are ordering
C. will order D. had ordered
【解析】题干的意思是:“如果你不喜欢你点的饮料,就把它放一边,试试另一种。”题干中的don't like the drink是一般现在时,而order一定发生在like之前,是过去的动作,因此应使用过去时或现在完成时,故正确答案为A。
②—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011年北京卷)
A. takes B. has taken
C. took D. was taking
【解析】题干的意思是:“——那一定是一段很远的旅行。——是的,我们花了整整一周时间才到那儿。”题干中的must have been是对过去的肯定推测,提示事情发生在过去且现在已结束,应使用和过去相关的时态,故排除A和B。D项was taking表动作在过去某个时间正在进行,需要相应的时间状语,但题中没有,可排除。本题应选一般过去时,正确答案为C。
③ That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________ the piano upstairs? (2011年重庆卷)
A. has played B. played
C. plays D. is playing
【解析】题干的意思是:“那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴?”在听的过程中发出“谁在弹钢琴”的疑问,表明“弹钢琴”这个动作在说话时正在进行;同时由于sound用的是现在时,交代的时间是现在,所以“弹钢琴”应该是现在进行时。正确答案为D。
④ Edward, you play so well. But I _______ you played the piano. (2009年北京卷)
A. didn't know B. hadn't known
C. don't know D. haven't known
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【解析】题干的意思是:“爱德华,你弹得很好。但我(以前)不知道你会弹钢琴。”我现在已经知道you play so well,说明“我不知道你会弹钢琴”是在此之前的事,故使用一般过去时。正确答案为A。
【技巧支招】近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向于不给出明显的时间标志词,而用特定的语境、情境来表时间。对此,考生应捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。
制胜法则五:优先法
当四个选项中既有主动语态又有被动语态时,出题者多数是在考查被动语态,因为“汉语多主动,英语多被动”。因此,当主、被动语态一起出现时,应遵循被动优先的原则。但使用这一原则后,考生还应结合具体语境和意义进行复查,对所选项进行验证。例如:
① Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011年北京卷)
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted
【解析】题干的意思是:“早在二战爆发前,这种实验就在美国和欧洲做过了。”四个选项中既有主动语态,又有被动语态,优先考虑被动语态。进一步验证:主语experiment与conduct之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故conduct应用被动语态。题干中出现过去的时间点the Second World War,而before the Second World War是过去的过去,因此应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故正确答案为D。
② A lot of people often forget that oral exams ______ to test our communicative ability. (2011年上海春招卷)
A. designB. are designed
C. are designingD. are being designed
【解析】题干的意思是:“很多人常常忘记设计口语测试是为了检测我们的交际能力。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时,常与often、always、usually、sometimes、every day等时间状语连用,故此处使用一般现在时,排除C和D。根据被动优先原则,预选B项。而oral exams与design确实存在被动关系,故选B项。
③ All visitors to this village _________ with kindness. (2011年四川卷)
A. treat B. are treated
C. are treating D. had been treated
【解析】题干的意思是:“所有来到这个村子的游客都会受到友好的对待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作,用一般现在时;visitors与treat存在被动关系,排除A和C。D项had been treated用的是过去完成时,而题干中并没有表示过去的时间点,就更谈不上“过去的过去”了,排除。正确答案为B。
④ His sister left home in 1998, and _______ since. (2009年全国卷I)
A. had not been heard of
B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of
D. has not heard of
【解析】首先观察四个选项的特点:从语态来看,两个选项使用了主动语态,两个选项使用了被动语态,优先考虑出题者是否想要考查被动语态。主语his sister和谓语hear of之间只能是被动关系,因此判定此题考查被动语态,排除C和D。结合题干的意思“他的妹妹1998年离开了家,然后就一直毫无音讯”以及时间标志词since可知,应使用现在完成时的被动语态。故正确答案为B。
【技巧支招】高考英语考查被动语态通常结合各种时态及一定的语境进行。当被选的四个选项中既有主动又有被动时,通常考查被动,再根据语境所提供的时间背景,往往能快速准确地确定正确答案。因此,要做好被动语态试题除了要掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外,还要特别注意联系题干语境确定时态。
作者简介:
籍万杰,中学英语高级教师,国家基础教育实验中心外语教育研究中心研究员;教学成绩突出,曾多次荣获各级教学奖励及“优秀教师”“教学能手”等荣誉称号;在全国六十余家国家级和省级报刊发表文章千余篇;担任多家知名英语教辅期刊的特约编辑、特约通讯员、特约撰稿人。
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