时态和语态50题

2024-10-05

时态和语态50题（共7篇）

时态和语态50题篇1

时态和语态50题2

答案及部分解析：

1-5 BADDD 6-10 DCDDD 11-15 ADBDC 16-20 BCBCB

21-25 BDDAA 26-30 ABBAD 31-35 DADCC 36-40 ABDDC

41-45 CDBCB 46-50 BDDBC

1. 进行时态与always, all the time等连用，表示习惯性行为，且带有浓厚的感情色彩。此处可理解为“你总是丢三落四的”。

2. recently常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用。第二空应用一般现在时。

3. next time引导时间状语从句，而且其谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来。

4. 由题意“他本来打算在会上发言，但……”可知应选D项。

5. Oh, I was talking to myself.意为“噢，我(刚才)只是在自言自语”。

6. “乒乓球打得好”是一般情况，故用一般现在时。

9. 现在完成进行时可用于表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，有可能继续延续下去，也可能刚刚结束。本题使用现在完成进行时强调了动作的持续性和未完成性。

10. 此处用现在进行时来解释前面所说的话，意为“我猜你刚才一定很匆忙，毛衫都穿反了”。

11. 由宾语从句中的.would fix可断定第一空用had expected(表示“过去本来期望”);第二空用had intended(to do...)，表示“过去本来打算(去做……)”。

14. 现在进行时可用于表示动作的渐进过程。又如：Her hair is getting grayer and grayer.她的头发正变得越来越花白。

15. 此空用将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。

16. 此处表示“前天之前艾利斯曾经去哪儿了?”故用过去完成时态。

18. Where do you think _____ he...?为双重疑问句，故第一空不填;第二空为过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。

21. He _____ to the radio with his eyes shut.后省略了when I entered the room。此处意为“(当我进入那个房间时，)他正闭着眼睛听收音机”。

22. 按时间表或日程表安排将要发生的事，常用一般现在时表示将来。

23. 题意为“火车将一直以目前的速度行驶直到今晚9点到达山脚下。”

24. 此处prefer意为“宁愿”，是表示人心理状态的动词，不宜用现在进行时态。

27. 某些动词，如：wash, lock, sell, wear, write, read, open, clean等常用一般现在时的主动语态来表示主语(通常是物)的内在品质或属性等。

28. “by+将来某一时间”常与将来完成时态连用。

29. 由答语中的“Not yet”可断定此题应选A。现在完成时态的用法之一是“表示过去某一时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”。

31. 表示“天将下雨”常用It’s going to rain。If only...表示“但愿……”;如果表示与过去的事实相反，句中谓语动词常用过去完成时态。

33. 在no sooner...tha

[1][2]

时态和语态50题篇2

动词形态变化是语法填空题的考查重点, 动词时态、语态更是必考考点。在语法填空的10个小题中, 通常会有1 ~ 2道题考查此考点。可用“三步判断法”来解答时态、语态题。

第一步: 理清句子结构, 判断考查目的

动词形态变化题, 一般来说, 题空后都跟有动词原形提示 ( 单词加括号) 。动词原形提示题, 有可能考查谓语动词, 也可能考查非谓语动词。做题时, 考生要根据句中是否有谓语动词来判断是否是考查时态。如果句中没有其他的谓语动词, 空格肯定是考查时态的。如果句中有其他的谓语动词, 要根据空前是否有连词和两个动词来判断是考查非谓语动词还是考查时态。如果空前有连词, 则考查的很可能是并列谓语。如果空前没有连词, 且两个动作发生具有同时性, 则考查的可能是现在分词短语。如两个动作的发生具有不同时性, 则可以考虑用不定式表示目的状语。

有时句子结构比较复杂, 命题者利用插入语, 非正常结构等手段, 增加了句子的复杂程度。遇到这类题, 我们可以采用“去掉冗余信息, 恢复正常结构”等方法, 就可使句子结构一目了然, 是否考查时态也就一清二楚了。如:

例 1: He no longer lives here. At present he_________ ( settle) in London.

分析: settles。后一个句子缺少谓语, 可见命题者的目的是考查考生对时态的掌握情况。根据时间状语at present可知, 填空处应用一般现在时态, 故答案为settles。

例 2: He no longer lives here. At present he settles in London, _________ ( lead) a comfortable life.

分析: leading。句中已有谓语动词settles, 且settles和lead的动作同时发生, 故用现在分词leading表示伴随状态。

例 3: He stood still, _____ ( stare) at the beautiful sight of the sunset.

分析: staring。前面已有谓语动词, 且stare at的动作和stood的动作同时发生, 故用现在分词作伴随状语。

例 4: He stood still for a while, and then ______ ( run) away at once when he was aware of the danger.

分析: ran。stood动作发生在前, run动作发生在后, 故可判断and前后为两个并列谓语。根据前一个谓语动词可知此处应用一般过去时态。

例 5: Between two blocks________ ( stand) a hospital, where my father works.

分析: stands。主句实际上是一个倒装句, 可恢复为: A hospital________ ( stand) between two blocks故可判断此题考查时态。根据从句的时态可以判断此处应用一般现在时态, 故填stands。

例 6: He hasn't come yet. What do you think_______to him?

分析: has happened。do you think相当于一个插入语, 去掉这个插入语可以看出, 句子缺少谓语动词, 故可判断此题考查时态。根据“He hasn't come yet. ”可知此处应用现在完成时态, 强调动作对现在的影响, 故填has happened。

巩固练习1:

1. The day he had been looking forward to________ ( arrive) at last.

2. He has been looking forward to_________ ( arrive) at his native village.

3. —Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

—_________ ( get) enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

4. —Doctor, what do you advise me to do to lose weight?

—________ ( jog ) for about an hour every day.

5. He said he would do what he could_______ ( help) us.

6. Five years later, he left Paris and________ ( settle) in London.

7. Mike, as far as I know, ________ ( like) to play music in his free time.

8. He stopped the car_________ ( take) a short break as he was feeling tired.

9. He stopped the car and________ ( jump) into the river to save the drowning boy.

10. After long hours of tiring work, ________ ( smell) the fresh air outdoors, and you will feel refreshed at once.

第二步: 找准时间信息, 判断时态类别

语法填空题中主要考查的时态有现在完成时、一般过去时、一般现在时、过去进行时、过去完成时、现在进行时等。答题时考生要认真研读题干, 寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”, 尤其是其他动词的时态, 以及修饰动词的时间状语信息等。

1. 现在完成时

现在完成时是最重要的一种时态, 主要用于:

1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:

Have you ever been to the West Lake? 你曾经去过西湖吗?

2表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。如: I haven't met her since then. 从那以后我再也没有见过她。

3在时间或条件从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。如: I'll return the magazine to you as soon as I have finished it. 我看完后就把杂志还给你。

现在完成时常常有比较固定的“标志词”, 如so far, recently, lately, ever, for , since, by now, this week, today, this morning, in the last / past few, over a long time, yet, already, just等时间状语常与现在完成时态连用。有些句型通常也用现在完成时态。如:

This is the best cell-phone that I have ever bought. 这是我买过的最好的手机。

2. 一般过去时

一般过去时主要表示在过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中, 常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。一般过去时常见的“标志词”有: yesterday, last year, in 1970, then, long long ago, once upon a time等。如:

She told me she wouldn't leave until you came back. 她告诉我在你回来以前她是不会离开的。

要注意一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。现在完成时表示某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况, 因此不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去发生过某事, 和现在没有关系。试比较:

He has lost the key. 他把钥匙丢了。 ( 现在没有了)

He lost the key. 他把钥匙丢了。 ( 现在可能找到了, 也可能没找到)

3. 现在进行时

现在进行时主要用于:

1表示说话时正在进行的动作。如: Go and see what is happening. 去看看发生了什么事情。

2表示现阶段正在进行的动作, 但此刻不一定正在进行。如: It's said that he's writing a novel. 据说他在写一本小说。

3表示反复发生的动作。常与always, constantly, forever, all the time等连用, 表示说话人的不满、愤怒、抱怨、赞赏等情感。如:

He's always helping those in trouble. 他总是帮助有困难的人。

4. 一般现在时

一般现在时主要表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中, 可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:

If you go there, I'll keep your company. 如果你去那里, 我将与你同行。

5. 过去完成时

过去完成时是一种相对概念, 是相对于过去某一时间或动作而言的。因此一定要从形式或意义上有明显的过去时间或动作作为参照。主要表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态, 即动作或状态发生在“过去的过去”。如:

Julia was quarreling with a stranger when Jimwent to get the jacket he_____ ( leave) in therestaurant.

分析: had left。把夹克忘在饭店发生在他进去之前, 因此要用过去完成时。

巩固练习2:

1. In order to pay off his debts, Mike had to sell his car. After all, he_______ ( have) it for five years.

2. I________ ( finish) the news about the traffic accident. As for its title, do you think it is right for the article?

3. —It's a pity that you didn't talk much with Andy.

—Yes, the train______ ( leave) when I rushed to the station to see him off.

4. People stepped on your feet or______ ( push) you with their elbows ( 肘部) , hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.

5. You_______ ( always make) such stupid mistakes. I'm ashamed of you!

6. —Have a break, Amy. You_______ ( practise) playing the piano all the morning.

—OK, Mom. I will stop after this piece.

7. —Professor Wang, shall I go to your office, asking for your advice about my article this afternoon?

—Don't come to my office this afternoon. I________ ( do) an experiment at that time.

8. Among the songs Springsteen sang at the“12 - 12 - 12”concert_________ ( be) “My City of Ruins. ”

9. —Mike, you______ ( look ) very tired.

—Oh, I stayed up late, playing computer games last night.

10. Robert had intended to attend the concert, but_______ ( change ) the plan because he was not available.

第三步: 根据主谓关系, 判断语态形式

动词语态为语法填空题常考考点。命题人常常把被动语态和动词的时态结合起来考查。做题时, 应根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系, 然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。一定要熟记各种时态的被动语态的构成。被动语态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成, 时态通过be表现出来。以build为例, 各种时态的被动形式列表如下:

例 1: The taxi was out of control, and the driver_______ ( say) , according to some villagers, to have been killed.

解析: was said。去掉插入语according to some villagers, 可以看出这是“sb is said to do sth”句型。所以当the driver作主语时, say用被动语态形式。

例 2: Your photos_______ ( develop) .Wait a moment and you will get them.

解析: are being developed。根据语境可知, 照片还没有洗出来, 正在“被冲洗”, 故用现在进行时的被动语态形式。

例 3: Put on your gloves, or your hands_______ ( burn) .

解析: will be /get burnt。burn和your hands之间存在动宾关系, 故用被动语态形式。此句型中后一句通常用一般将来时态。

例 4: So far, efforts______ ( make) to make good use of wind energy and solar energy.

解析: have been made。efforts和make之间存在被动关系, 故make用被动语态形式。根据so far可知谓语动词用现在完成时态, 故答案为have been made。

例 5: Mike_______ ( warn) many times not to go swimming alone in the river before he drowned.

解析: had been warned。warn的动作发生在drown动作之前, 故用过去完成时态。warn和Mike之间存在被动关系, 故用被动语态形式。

例 6: As a famous writer, Mo Yan________ ( often invite) to give talks to young students who nare interested in literature.

解析: is often invited。invite和Mo Yan之间存在动宾关系, 故用被动语态形式。根据语境判断用一般现在时态。

巩固练习3:

1. The book I wrote last year_________ ( print) and it will soon come out.

2. In the past few centuries, the lighthouses along North Carolina's coast________ ( recognize) as signs of safety for travelers at sea.

3. — Who had the classroom cleaned?

—I don't know. The classroom_________ ( clean) when I arrived this morning.

4. High school boys in the country________ ( forbid) to wear long hair at that time, which you may think quite strange.

5. — an _______art festival_________ ( hold) in your school?

—Yes. Preparations for the art festival are being made.

6. With the popularity of the Chinese language, about 350 Confucius Colleges_________ ( open) all over the world since 2013.

7. You can examine the exhibits in the museum, but you______ ( forbid) to touch them.

8. The water_______ ( feel ) cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.

9. The mayor of Rio de Janeiro says that all construction work for the 31 st Olympics__________ ( complete) by 2015.

10. U-KISS, a famous Korean boy band, ________ ( create) by both Koran and Japanese media groups in 2008.

专项练习:

综合练习:

巩固练习1参考答案:

1. arrived。he had been looking forward to是定语从句, 修饰the day。可见主语缺少谓语动词, 参照定语从句的时态可以判断此处应用一般过去时态。

2. arriving。look forward to意为“盼望”, 其中的to为介词, 故此空需要用动名词形式。

3. To get。答句为省略句, 省略了句子的主谓部分。不定式to get作目的状语。可补充为: I make you eat an egg every day to get enough protein

4. Jog。答句实际上是一个祈使句, 故用动词原形。

5. to help。本题由于宾语从句中的could后承前省略了do, 致使考生误认为情态动词后接动词原形。而事实上, 这里用不定式短语作目的状语。

6. settled。并列连词and表明前后为两个并列谓语, 故可判断空格考查时态。根据前面的时间信息Five years later和时态可以判断, 填空处应用一般过去时态, 故答案为settled。

7. likes。as far as I know为插入语, 去掉这个插入语, 可以看出, 句子缺少谓语动词。根据as far as I know可知此处应用一般现在时态。

8. to take。此处用不定式表示目的状语。

9. jumped。根据连词and可以判断这是一个并列谓语, 故用一般过去时态。

10. smell。本句考查“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”句型。从句子结构可以看出句子缺少谓语动词, 且是祈使句, 故用动词原形。

巩固练习2参考答案:

1. had had。“买汽车”的动作先于“卖汽车”的动作, 故用过去完成时, 表示“过去的过去”。

2. have finished。根据句意可知这条新闻刚写完, 故用现在完成时态, 强调对现在的影响。

3. was leaving。当“我”匆忙赶到车站的时候, 火车就要开了, 故此处用过去进行时态表示过去即将发生的动作。

4. pushed。通过文章中的语篇标志词or我们便可知道它与stepped并列, 所以用一般过去时。

5. are always making。always, often等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示一种强烈的情感。此处表示“不满”情绪。

6. have been practising。此处强调动作还在进行当中, 故用现在完成进行时态。

7. will be doing。根据语境可知此处指将来某个时段正在发生的事情, 故用将来进行时态。

8. was。本句是一个倒装句式, 句子的主语是“My City of Ruins”, 故谓语动词应用单数形式。根据前面的时态可知本处应用一般过去时。

9. look。根据称呼语Mike可知此处讲目前的状态, 故用一般现在时态。

10. changed。根据后面“he was not available”的提示可知, 此动作发生在过去, 故用一般过去时态。

巩固练习3参考答案:

1. is being printed。根据“it will soon come out”可知这本书正在印刷当中, 故用现在进行时态。print和the book存在动宾关系, 故用被动语态形式。

2. have been recognized。recognize和the lighthouses存在动宾关系, 故用被动语态形式。根据时间状语“in the past few centuries”可知此处应用现在完成时态。

3. had been cleaned。clean的动作发生在arrived的动作之前, 故用过去完成时态。且classroom和clean存在被动关系, 故用被动语态形式。

4. were forbidden。时间状语at that time常与一般过去时连用。

5. Will; be held。答语讲到艺术节的准备工作正在进行中, 故可判断“艺术节将举行”。故用一般将来时, 且用被动语态形式。

6. have been opened。根据时间状语since 2004可知此处用现在完成时。Confucius Colleges和open之间存在被动关系, 故用被动语态形式。

7. are forbidden。forbid和you之间存在动宾关系, 故用被动语态形式。根据语境, 此处应用一般现在时态。

8. felt。feel在此是连系动词, 为不及物动词, 所以没有被动语态形式。根据从句的时态可知应用一般过去时态。

9. will have been completed。根据时间状语可知本句应用将来完成时态。

10. was created。动词create和主语a famous Korean boy band之间存在动宾关系, 故用被动语态。根据后面的时间状语in 2008可知此处应用一般过去时。

专项练习1参考答案:

1. has enjoyed 2. realized 3. has set 4. is 5. ( has) designed

6. are built 7. grow 8. stands 9. Go 10. have been trying

专项练习2参考答案:

1. are held 2. was started 3. put 4. hasspread 5. calls

6. have 7. is 8. is aimed 9. becomes 10. helps

专项练习3参考答案:

1. meant 2. had called 3. was told4. felt 5. would try

6. asked 7. had expected 8. are9. needs 10. will make

专项练习4参考答案:

1. am convinced 2. makes 3. has proved ( proves) 4. sets 5. spent

6. are 7. are used 8. have forgotten9. is believed 10. have been checked ( are checked)

综合练习1参考答案:

1. the 2. changed 3. what 4. deeply 5. holding

6. that 7. security 8. and 9. whether 10. to master

综合练习2参考答案:

1. an 2. meaningful 3. but 4. boring 5. which

6. difficulties 7. happier 8. to go 9. being admitted 10. to

从高考题看动词时态和语态的复习篇3

★考点：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

一般过去时与现在完成时主要有以下两点区别：（1）时间上有差异：凡由过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用现在完成时，如含有ago, last year, just now, the other day等。（2）结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。

例1：I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _____ there several years ago.(2007 年全国卷一)

A.are going B.had been

C.went D.have been

解析：答案为C。several years ago是明显的过去时间状语，这样就排除了A和D两项，而B项是过去完成时，表达的是过去的过去，所以不成立，故选C。

例2：All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.（2003年北京春季高考卷）

A.completed B.complete

C.had been completed D.have been completed

解析：答案为D。根据and we’re ready to start可知：一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。

例3：My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ____there for a few months and then went to America. (2006年江西卷)

A.workedB.would work

C.would be workingD.has been working

解析：答案为A。从and then went to America可以判断这里表示的动作与现在已经没有联系，所以选择A。

★考点：现在进行时的一些用法

现在进行时的基本特性是表示现在正在发生或正在进行的动作，除此之外，还可表示即将发生的动作，一般指在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。表示这种动作的动词有：come，go，leave，start，arrive等，并常与表示将来的状语连用。另外还可表示频繁、反复出现的习惯性动作，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用，常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等，这一用法在高考题中也经常涉及。

例1：Since I won the big prize，my telephone hasn't stopped ringing，people_____to ask how I am going to spend the money.（2005年湖南卷）

A.phoned B.will phone

C.were phoningD.are phoning

解析：答案为D。通过“my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing”，说明人们总是打电话，表示反复出现的动作。

例2：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seatbelts.The plane________.(2006年福建卷)

A.takes off B.is taking off

C.has taken off D.took off

解析：答案为B。现在进行时表示按计划或安排要进行的动作。

★考点：现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时

这两种时态都强调动作过程的持续性。现在完成进行时表示某动作在过去某时刻发生，一直延续到现在，并且有可能还要继续下去；而过去进行时表示某动作在过去的过去发生，并一直延续到过去某时刻。在解题过程中，要特别留心动作是否有延续性以确定是否使用完成进行时。

例1：I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. (2006年湖北卷)

A.has been workingB.will have worked

C.will have been working D.had worked

解析：答案为A。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，故排除选项B和C；据时态呼应规律排除选项D；学生一直在做数学练习，直到规定时间完毕教师才公布答案。因此要用现在完成进行时。

例2：They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we on it as no good results have come out so far.（2005年江苏卷）

A.had been working; are still working

B.had worked; were still working

C.have worked; were still working

D.have worked; are still working

解析：答案为A。根据before I joined them可知：在我加入之前他们一直工作了将近一周，因此主句的时态应为过去完成进行时，故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续，故选择A。

例3：Now that she is out of job, Lucy______going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.(2004年北京卷)

A.had considered B.has been considering

C.considered D.is going to consider

解析：答案为B。我们根据前边she is out of job 和下文but she hasn’t decided yet判断出Lucy一直在考虑并且现在还在考虑这件事，因此要用现在完成进行时。

★考点：在同一题目中对时态和语态综合考查

这类题目已经成为近年命题的主流。主要是考查学生在具体的情景中确定时态和语态，具体情景中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键，在此过程中要特别注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景、说话人的情感及句子的语态等。

例1：I got caught in the rain and my suit______. (2007年北京卷 )

A.has ruined B.had ruined

C.has been ruined D.had been ruined

解析：答案为C。该句子的意思是：我被雨淋了，我的新衣服被糟蹋了。因此空格处应该用被动，排除A,B；而第二个分句强调了发生在过去的事情对现在的影响，所以要用现在完成时，排除D。

例2：---The window is dirty.

---I know.It________for weeks.(2004年全国卷III)

A.hasn’t clean B.didn’t clean

C.wasn’t cleanedD.hasn’t been cleaned

解析：时间状语for weeks提示用现在完成时，表示窗子脏的原因是已经有好几周没擦了，主语It (即the window)与clean 是被动关系，故选D。

例3：More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.（2004年江苏卷）

A.treated B.have treated

C.had been treated D.have been treated

解析：句子主语“patients”与动词“treat”为被动关系，排除A项和B项。该题目同时对时态进行了考查，该谓语动词的时态应与“this year”而非“last year”相呼应，所以正确答案为D。

★考点：主动形式表被动含义

表示状态特征的连系动词如look, sound, feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等没有被动形式；另外表示主语的某种属性特征的动词如read,write,sell,wash,wear,open，lock等也经常用主动形式表被动含义，这类动词一般常跟一个修饰语；此外固定句型be to blame、动词rent,print等也经常用主动形式表被动含义。

例：I feel it is your husband who________for the spoiled child.（2002年上海卷）

A.is to blame B.is going to blame

C.is to be blameD.should blame

解析：答案为A。考查be to blame这一固定句型用主动形式表被动含义。译文：我感觉惯坏孩子该怨你的丈夫。

实战练习

1.When I entered the hall，the conference_________?for a quarter．

A.has begun B.had begun

C.had been onD.was on

2.——How do you like this kind of material?

——Well，itsmooth and soft．

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

3.It is said that by the end of next year，another factory will___________in this area．

A.be builtB.have built

C.have been built D.have been building

4.——Tom,have you got what I said?

——Oh,sorry．__________.

A.I’m not listening B.I wasn’t listening

C.I haven’t listened D.I don’t listen

5.My father gave up smoking for a while，but soon?_____to his old ways, which made us unhappy．

A.returned B.returns

C.was returning D.had returned

6.All the guests________here?，and we’re ready to start the party．

A.comeB.cameC.had come D.have come

7.The boy walked into the classroom，_______down and began to do his homework．

A.seated B.sit C.sat D.have sat

8.The little girl_________ because she______the key to her bike and couldn’t go home.

A.had cried；1ostB.cried；had lost

C.has cried；has lost D.cries；has 1ost

9.——What a lovely city!

——Is this the first time you _______ in our city?

A.were B.come C.had come D.have been

10．——Sorry，I forgot to tell Mr. Smith the news.

——Never mind，________him myself this afternoon.

A.I’m going to tellB.I’d better tell

C.I’ll tellD.I’d rather tell

11．——Where _____the passport I can’t see it anywhere．

——I ___it in this drawer．But now it’s gone．

A.did you put；have put

B.have you put；put

C.had you put；was putting

D.were you putting；have put

12.——Have you moved into your new office building?

——Not yet．It_______.

A.is being decoratedB.is decorating

C.is decorated D.has been decorating

13.Mother_______supper when she burnt her finger．

A.cook B.is cooking

C.was cookingD.cooked

14．We were all surprised that Julia _______ us for New York very soon．

A.1eavesB.would leave

C.1eft D.had left

15.——Can I drive the car，Uncle Li?

——Er,you can when you_______your driving permit．

A.getB.will get C.are gettingD.got

英文摘要中语态和时态的用法论文篇4

英文摘要的`字数大多数期刊规定不超过250个词，内容应与中文摘要对应。医学论文中，一般少用第一人称和主动语态，多用第三人称和被动语态，用以体现叙述客观事实。所用时态需与事情发生时间一致，叙述基本规律时可用现在时，叙述研究对象、方法和结果时，用过去时。举例如下。

Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether an in hospital transportable CT scanner can provide diagnostic brain images and to compare the quality of these images with those from a convertional fixed? platform CT scanner.

Subjects and Methods:Twenty seven patients with known or suspected intracranial pathology underwent imaging on a transportable scanner and a fixed? platform scanner within 1hr of each other.Images from each CT examination were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists who were unaware of patient history.Conspicuousness of intracranial pathology and normal anatomy were rated on a 5? point scale (1 point #39;optimal;5 points#39;poor or not visualized).Statistical comparisons were made using nonparametric tests.

Results:Seven CT scans were interpreted as showing normal findings and 20 scans revealed intracranial pathology on both CT scanners.Image quality was higher on the fixed scanner(average rating#39;2.42 points#39;SE=0.12)than on the transportable scanner(average rating#39;3.10 points#39;SE=0.12(p=0.001).Depiction of the cerebellum#39;midbrain#39;and supratentorial gray? white matter was better on the fixed scanner(p<0.05=。However#39;we found no significant differences in detection of intracranial pathology between scanners.Both radiologists found images from both scanners to bediagnostic in all 27 patients.

Conclusion:Images of the brain on the transportable CT scanner were less clear than those on a fixed scanner.However#39;images from the transportable CT scanner were diagnostic in 27 consecutivepatients.The implications of this finding are important for the provision of CT services for critically ill patients who cannot be transported to the radiology department.

时态和语态50题篇5

一、动词时态的用法 1．一般现在时

(1)由连词if，unless，however等引导的时间(条件、让步)状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。

However much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants.(2)安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)限于begin，come，leave，go，arrive等一类动词。

I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow.2．一般过去时

过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。

I used to play football when I was young.3．一般将来时

(1)will＋do表示将来的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用；或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。

Fish will die without water.注意：临时决定做某事，只能用此时态。—The lights in the classroom are still on.—Sorry，I’ll go and turn them off.(2)be going to＋do表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。此外还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。

Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.(3)be about to＋do表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要；很快，马上”。后面一般不跟具体的时间状语，但是可以由when连接一个并列句。

We are about to leave.(4)be to＋do表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情；还表示可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止等。

She is to get married next month.(5)用现在进行时表示将来。表示位置转移的动词(go，come，leave，start，arrive等)，可用现在进行时表示将来。

Uncle Wang is coming.4．现在进行时

表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。

She is always asking the same question.5．现在完成时

现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者还要延续下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段时间的状语。

Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.6．过去进行时

过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的过去某个阶段正在做的事情。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.7．过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。

My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.(2)表示希望或打算的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。

I had planned to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so.(3)用于下列特殊句型中：

①hardly/scarcely/barely had...done...when...；no sooner had...done...than...。从句中用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。

Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.②It/That/This was the first/second...time＋that从句。that从句要用过去完成时态。It was the second time he had been out with her.8．过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。

He always said that he would study hard at that time.二、被动语态的用法

1．不知道动作的执行者是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.2．当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关注而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。

This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.3．含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。

The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语)． →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.4．在主动语态句中，动词make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都需加上to。

The boss made them work ten hours a day.→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.三、注意事项

1．现在进行时用法注意点(1)状态性动词不用进行时态。

(2)进行时态和副词always，forever等连用时，往往带有一定的感情色彩，如赞扬、批评、不满、抱怨等。

2．过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果。

She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在写)She wrote a report last night.(表示昨晚写了，并且写好了)3．语态

(1)动词sell，write，read等与well，smoothly，easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”、“特点”，用主动表示被动。

(2)表示状态特征的连系动词如smell，taste，feel，sound，look，prove等无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。

(3)不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：come up，run out，give out等。(4)以被动的形式表主动意义：有些动词devote，surprise，seat，hide，station，dress等，由于能接反身代词，因此，可用被动形式表主动意义。

时态答题技巧

技巧1 熟练掌握常见的固定句型

在一些固定句型中，对谓语动词的时态有特别的规定，我们可以把这作为判断时态的一个依据。如下面的常见句型：

1．This/It/That is the first/second/last...time＋that...如主句中动词用is，则that从句中动词用现在完成时；如主句中动词用was，则that从句动词用过去完成时。

This is the first time I have visited China.这是我第一次参观中国。

It was the first time I’d had visitors since I’d moved to London.那是我搬到伦敦以后第一次有人来看我。

2．主句＋since ＋从句。在该句型中，主句常用现在完成时，(若主句主语是it或表示时间的词时，还可用一般现在时)，since从句常用一般过去时(偶尔会出现用现在完成时的情况)。

Cath hasn’t phoned since she went to Berlin.Cath自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。It is three years since I joined the army.我参军3年了。

3．It is(high)time that...在that从句中常用动词过去时或should do。It’s time that we went to school.到我们上学的时间了。

4．It ＋ be...before...这种结构意为“要……时间才……”或“在……时间以后才……”。若be动词用一般过去时，则before从句中常用一般过去时；若be动词用将来时，则before从句中常用一般现在时。

It will be a long time before we meet again.要过很久我们才能重逢。

It was half a year before I heard from him.半年之后我才收到他的信。

5．hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...在这两个句型中，when从句和than从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。意为“一……就……”。

No sooner had I left than he came.他一来我就离开了。

6．was/were about to do...when...在when从句中常用一般过去时。I was about to leave when he came.我正要离开这时他来了。[考题印证]

The book has been translated into thirty languages since it________on the market in 1973.(2010·重庆，24)A．had come

C．came

答案 C B．has come D．comes 解析句意为：自从1973年上市以来，这本书已经被翻译成了30种语言。主句是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去。技巧2 利用试题中提供的时间状语确定时态

时态往往和一些特定的时间状语连用。如：every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday等常和一般现在时连用；...ago, the other day, in 2006, last week, just now等常和一般过去时连用；now, at present, at this time等常和现在进行时连用；tomorrow, next week, in ＋时间段等常和一般将来时连用；by the end of last week, before I went there等常标志着过去完成时。同时要注意，像副词always, forever, constantly等常与进行时连用，表示说话者的赞扬、批评、生气等语气。[考题印证] —Why do you know the company so well? —Oh，I________there for three years.A.worked B.would work C.had worked D.was working 答案 A 解析有些考生认为“for three years”是完成时的标志，于是误选C。其实，过去完成时表示过去某个时间点之前的情况，显然与语境不符，因此正确答案为A。

技巧3 利用上下文语境推测时态

很多试题中没有时间状语，但是我们可以从试题所提供的语言环境或上下文来推测出动作发生的时间或从双方的交谈中“捕捉”到时间点，这就要求学生要有宏观把握句子和分析句子的能力。[考题印证] —Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.(2010·安徽，28)A．was reading

B．had read C．am reading

D．have read

答案 B 解析句意为：——你对这部电影的结局惊讶吗？——不，我已经读过这本书，早知道结局了。从上下文句意看，应用过去完成时。技巧4 利用时态的呼应来把握时态

若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态常用与过去相关的时态(表客观事实、科学真理的从句总用一般现在时)；若主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态不受主句的限制，可根据需要选用时态。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时表将来，或主句为过去时，则从句也用相对应的过去时。

He said that he had helped Tom.他说他已经帮过汤姆了。

I think he is ill today.我认为他今天病了。You will fail the test if you don’t work hard.如果你学习不努力，你考试会不及格。[考题印证] If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you________fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010·浙江，5)A．eat

B．would eat C．have eaten

D．will be eating 答案 D 解析句意为：如果你春天播下西瓜种子，那么(整个)秋天就会吃上新鲜的西瓜了。因为从句用了一般现在时代替将来时，那么主句就要用一般将来时。因in the fall在此句中意为“在整个秋天”，相当于during the fall，强调了完整的时间段，故用will be eating将来进行时，表示在未来一段时间内一直进行的动作或存在的状态。

语态答题技巧

技巧1 固定搭配法

英语中有许多固定短语，如make use of, pay attention to, find fault with, take care of, take advantage of, keep pace with等，在试题中，常把短语中的名词拿出来作句子的主语，剩下的动词作谓语动词，如果能够看出它们构成固定的短语动词，则问题迎刃而解。[考题印证] The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune________.(2010·大纲全国Ⅰ，32)A．is made B．would make

C．was to be made

D．had made 答案 C 解析句意为：在澳大利亚发现黄金这件事情使成千上万的人相信要发财了。thousands在此处指代成千上万的人，由led的时态可知A项不符合句意；而had made为过去完成时，发生在led动作之前，不符合语境；would make应该为would be made；故只有was to be made正确。

技巧2习惯表达法

在英语中有一些习惯表达，它们往往用主动形式表被动意义，如need/want/require/deserve doing ＝need/want/require/deserve to be done，be worth doing...等，在平时的学习中，要注意归纳和总结。[考题印证] Would you please make up a topic worth________in tomorrow’s conference? A．discussing

C．to discussed

答案 A 解析 worth作后置定语，修饰the topic；worth后常用doing，主动形式表被动。B．to be discussed D．being discussed

1．Until we have discussed all the details，no decision ________ about any new operations.A．will be made

B．is made C．is being made

D．has been made 答案 A 解析考查时态。until引导的时间状语从句中现在完成时表示的是将来的动作，所以，主句用一般将来时。

2．In the past few years thousands of films ________ all over the world.A．have produced

B．have been produced C．are producing

D．are being produced 答案 B 解析 In the past few years为现在完成时的标志，主语“电影”和谓语动词“produce”为动宾关系，所以用完成时的被动语态。

3．Sorry.I would have come earlier，but I ________that you were waiting.A．didn’t know

B．hadn’t known C．don’t know

D．haven’t known 答案 A 解析考查动词的时态。句意为：对不起，我该早来的，但是我不知道你一直在等我。前半部分用的是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的虚拟，后半部分叙述的是一个事实，意思是当时我不知道你在等，所以用一般过去时。

4．We’d better take umbrellas—I’m sure it ________ when we arrive in London；it’s always wet there at this time of year.A．will rain

B．is raining C．will be raining

D．would rain 答案 C 解析考查动词的时态。when引导的是时间状语从句，一般现在时表示的是将来的动作，表示将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，故选C。

5．Close the door of fear behind you，and you ________ the door of faith open before you.(2012·湖南，25)A．saw

B．have seen D．are seeing C．will see

答案 C 解析句意为：关上你身后的惧怕之门，你就会看到信心之门在你面前敞开着。该句为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。根据句意，陈述句谓语应该用一般将来时态。

6．I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers________before my eyes.(2012·新课标全国，33)A．swim

C．swam

答案 C B．swum D．had swum 解析句意为：整个下午我都在做数学题，众多数字在我眼前晃来晃去。本题中的误导信息是had been working on，这是过去完成进行时态，受其误导易选D项，但是这里应用swam陈述过去的事实，所以选C项。

7．—You’ve got your flat furnished，haven’t you? —Yes.I ________ some used furniture at the Sunday Market and it was a real bargain.A．will buy

C．had bought

答案 D B．have bought D．bought 解析考查时态。由后面的was可以看出，买二手家具是过去的一个动作，所以用一般过去时。

8．In the weeks before the Academy Awards ceremony，movie reviewers make predictions about which movies and actors________.A．have awarded

B．will award C．are awarded

答案 D 解析考查时态和语态。由make predictions可以看出，动作还没有发生，所以用将来时，电影和演员是被奖励的，所以用被动语态，故选D。9．—Look!Somebody________the sofa.—Well，it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.(2012·江西，26)A．is cleaning

C．has cleaned

答案 C 解析从后面的回答可以看出事情已经完成了，前面一句是着重谈对现在的影响，用现在完成时态。句意为：——看，有人已经清理了沙发。——嗯，不是我，我没有做。10．—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry，but by then I ________ to Beijing.How about five？(2012·陕西，24)A．fly

B．will fly B．was cleaning D．had cleaned D．will be awarded C．will be flying

D．am flying 答案 C 解析考查动词时态。根据问句中的two o’clock和答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行，用将来进行时，故选C。

11．It was a pity that when we got to the cinema，the movie ________，so we saw only the end of t.A．was finishing

B．has just finished C．just finished

答案 A D．had just finished

解析考查时态。由下文的so we saw only the end of it可以看出，我们到的时候电影还没有放完，看到的是结尾，也就是说马上要放映完了，所以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。12．She ________ volleyball regularly for many years when she was young.A．was playing

C．has played

答案 B 解析考查时态。由后面的时间状语when she was young来判断，这是客观的叙述过去的一个动作，所以应该用一般过去时。如果忽略了when she was young，仅仅从for many years判断，就会误选C。

13．—Have you seen Tom recently? —No.He ________ for a software company overseas.A．worked B．had worked B．played D．had played C．is working D．was working 答案 C 解析考查时态。答语承前省略了标志词recently，所以用现在进行时。14．Next month a new road________in that part of the city.A．is built B．will be built C．will have built

D．is being built 答案 B 解析 next month 与一般将来时连用，且句子的主语a new road 与 build之间为被动关系，故B项正确。

时态和语态50题篇6

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

I´ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won´t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget，believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for„”, “since„”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It´s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It´s„这样的一般现在时。)

2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.(NMET)

A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.(NMET)A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared

析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses?

——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.(NMET)

A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.(NMET)A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all?

——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/„time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.(NMET)A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 析：根据I don´t really work here.以及„until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。8.——Is this raincoat yours?

——No, mine______ there behind the door.(NMET)A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won´t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.(NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。

2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.(NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来„”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。

3．Great changes______ in the city, and a lot of factories______.(NMET)A.have been taken place„have been set up B.have taken place„have been set up C.have taken place„have set up D.were taken place„were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.(NMET)A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。5.I don´t know the restaurant,but it´s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根据“某人/某物据说„”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said„”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)A.has broken into„has been stolen B.has broken into„had been stolen C.has been broken into„stolen D.had been broken into„stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.(NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of„是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(NMET)

A.are not kept„will have to B.are not kept„have to C.do not keep„will have to D.do not keep„have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。

10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被„”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven´t been C.was not D.will not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn´t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is„being given B.Was„given C.Has„been given D.Hasn´t„been given 析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that„可以改为We heard it said that„(都表示“据说„”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited

6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

——He´s already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for

8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided

10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don´t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I´ve been told B.I´ve told C.I´m told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It´s worth______a second time.(NMET)A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given 19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book____on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study

28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites

32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written

33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving(NMET)

40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)

A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A

21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D

中考对动词时态和语态的考查篇7

在初中阶段我们共学过八种时态，常用的有五种，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时。另外还有过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

1．一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，实义谓语动词应在其后加-s或-es；构成疑问句或否定句时借助do, don’t或does, doesn’t,谓语动词应用原形。例如：

Lucy always goes to work on time. 露西总是按时上班。

Does he usually watch TV in the evening? 他晚上经常看电视吗？

考题再现：

I’ll do it better if the teacher ____ me another chance.

(2007年河北省)

A. give B. givesC. gaveD. will give

解析:选B。if引导条件状语从句用一般现在时态表示将来。题干空前主语是the teacher为第三人称单数，所以B项正确。

2．一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或是经常发生的动作、情况或存在的状态，常常与yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now等表示过去的时间状语连用，谓语动词用过去式。例如：

What did you do last Sunday? 上星期天你做什么了？

He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. 他一小时前到了杭州。

考题再现：

——When ____ your brother ____ back?

——About half an hour ago. (2007年武汉市新课程)

A. did, comeB. had, comeC. do, comeD. have, come

解析：选A。题干答语中 About half an hour ago为过去时态的时间状语，所以对话语境为过去；问句为特殊疑问句，所以选A。

3. 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作、情况或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next week, in a week, soon等表示将来的时间状语连用，其谓语由“will/shall/be going to+动词原形”构成。例如：

What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天准备干什么？

Peter will get up at six this Saturday.

彼得这个星期六准备6：00起床。

考题再现：

I’m glad I ____ with my best friend in the same school next year.

(2007年南宁)

A. studyB. will studyC. have studiedD. studied

解析：选B。由题干从句中将来时态的标志语next year可知，空白处应填表示将来的谓语动词形式，所以选B项。

4. 现在进行时

现在进行时表示此刻或这一阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, these days等时间状语连用。其谓语动词由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。例如：

What is he doing now? 他在做什么？

Look!Lily and Lucy are picking apples. 瞧！莉莉和露西正在摘苹果。

Listen!What are they talking about? 听！他们在谈些什么？

考题再现：

——What’s Tim doing at the moment?

——I think he ____ a report. (2007年重庆市课改实验学校)

A. givesB. was givingC. is givingD. has given

解析：选C。由题干对话问句中at the moment和所用的现在进行时可知，答语的空白处应填表示现在进行时态的谓语动词形式。

5. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与at that time, at this time yesterday, at eight o’clook yesterday morning, when引导的时间状语从句等表过去的时间状语连用。谓语动词由“were/was+现在分词”构成。例如：

Was Mr Green reading at this time yesterday?

昨天的这个时候格林先生在读书吗？

What were you doing when your mother came home?

你妈妈回家时，你正在干什么？

考题再现：

I ____ my homework while my parents ____ TV last night.

(2006年南京)

A. did, have watchedB. was doing, were watching

C. had done, were watchingD. would do, were watching

解析：选B。题干中有两个关键词语，即：last night和while。last night是表示确定的过去时间的短语，一般不与完成时态连用，所以C项排除；while引导时间状语从句时，往往表示主句与从句的动作同时进行，并且时态要保持一致。由此可知，B项符合句意和句法。

6. 现在完成时

现在完成时指过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，此时常与ever, yet, already, just, before, never等时间状语连用。也可以用来表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到现在，此时与之连用的时间状语有：up to now, so far, recently, how long, for two days, since two days ago等。谓语动词由“have/has+过去分词”构成。例如：

She has just left. 她刚刚离开。

He has been at this school for two years. 他在这个学校待了两年了。

考题再现：

In the past few years there ____ great changes in my hometown.

(2007年天津市)

A. have beenB. wereC. had beenD. are

解析：选A。题干中的in the past few years短语为完成时态标志语，句中谓语动词常用完成时态。

7. 过去将来时和过去完成时

这两个时态一般用于宾语从句中。过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，谓语由“would+动词原形”构成。过去完成时则表示在过去的过去就已完成的动作，谓语由“had+过去分词”构成。例如：

Lin Tao said he would go there next week. 林涛说他下星期去那儿。

He told me he had never seen such a film before.

他告诉我他以前从未看过这类电影。

二、动词的语态

1. 主动语态与被动语态

动词有主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者；被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，并且英语中动词的语态与时态是密不可分的。被动句的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现，它必须与主语的人称和数相一致，其变化的规则与连系动词be完全一样，注意只有及物动词有被动语态形式。例如：

Paper was first invented by Chinese. 纸是中国人首先发明的。

He was given some books. 有人给了他一些书。

The old man is often laughed at. 那位老人常被人嘲笑。

考题再现：

The 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008.(2005年广东)

A. is heldB. will holdC. will be held

解析：选C。从后面的时间状语可知，要用一般将来时，而运动会只能是被举行，要用被动语态。故选C。

——Who is the little boy in the picture?（2005年山东）

——It’s me. The picture ____ 10 years ago.

A. took B. is takenC. has takenD. was taken

解析：选D。由时间状语10 years ago,可知用一般过去时，且主语the picture为物，为动作的承受者，应用被动语态，故选D。

2. 情态动词的被动语态