寒假--被动语态

寒假--被动语态（精选7篇）

寒假--被动语态 篇1

英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例：

The children are looked after well.

孩子被照顾得很好。

the children和look after是被动关系。

The woman looks after the children.

这位妇女照看这些孩子。(主语是look after的执行者)

通常只有及物动词才有被动语，但不及物动词加上介词后也可以有被动语态，但介词不可以省去。今天主要复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、正在进行时和过去进行及情态动词的被动语态，动词的被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态改变。

一. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态

动词由is/ am/ are+动词的过去分词构成。is, am, are随人称改变。例：

Rice is grown in the south of China.

中国的南方种水稻。

I am often told to be careful by my mother.

我经常被妈妈告诉要小心。

Trees are planted every spring.

树每年春天植。

2. 一般过去时的被动语态，动词由was/ were+过去分词构成。例：

The boy was hit by a car yesterday.

这个男孩昨天被车撞了。

The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.

这些椅子昨天上午修好了。

3. 一般将来时的被动语态，动词由will/ shall+be+过去分词构成，或者由be going to be done构成。例：

A new school will be built here next year.

一所新的学校明年将在这里建成。

The roads are going to be widened soon.

路很快就会被加宽。

4. 现在完成时的被动语态，由have/ has been+过去分词构成。例：

The sick man has been taken to the hospital.

那个病人已经被带到医院去了。

The hospitals have been built already.

这些医院已经被建成了。

5. 正在进行时的被动语态，由is/ am/ are+being+过去分词构成。例：

The meeting is being had now.

会正开着。

The water is being cleaned by the workers.

水正由工人们弄干净。

6. 过去进行时的被动语态。was/ were+being+过去分词。例：

A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.

昨天这个时候我在借书。

7. 情态动词的被动语态。情态动词can/ may/ must/ should+be+过去分词。

The work can be done tomorrow.

这个工作可以明天做。

The composition must be finished today.

今天作文必须写完。

二. 主动语态和被动语态的转换

主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，通常有以下三个步骤来完成：

(1)宾语变主语(即将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语)

(2)变动词(即将主动语态的动词随时态变成相应的被动语态的动词形式)

(3)加by短语(即将主动语态的主语放于by的后面，主格变宾格，有时不必指出可以省去)

例：

They speak English every day.

(主动语态)他们每天说英语。

English is spoken by them every day.

People grow cotton in the south.

Cotton is grown in the south.(by短语省去)

They cleaned the room last night.

The room was cleaned last night.

同样被动语态变为主动语态正好相反，例：

Was the book written by the boy?

Did the boy write the book?

三. 带有双宾语及省“to”不定式作宾补的句子变化。

1. 带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语，通常有两种变化，既可以提前间宾，也可以提前直宾。例：

They gave me some advice on English study.

I was given some advice on English study by them.

Some advice on English study was given to me by them.

2. 省去“to”的不定式作宾补变为被动语再加“to”。例：

He made the boy work all day.

The boy was made to work all day.

I saw them come into the room.

They were seen to come into the room by me.

【模拟试题】(答题时间：40分钟)

一. 1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.

A. is mending B. has mending

C. is being mended D. is mended

2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom.

A. teaches B. taught

C. is teaching D. is being taught

3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back.

A. was using B. was being used

C. was used D. had used

4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.

A. planted B. were planting

C. were being planted D. had been planting

5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean now.

A. is sweeping B. is swept

C. sweeps D. has been swept

6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it.

A. has been told B. has telling

C. is told D. would tell

7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.

A. had picked B. had been picked

C. were picking D. picked up

8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years.

A. was used B. had used

C. had been used D. used

9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.

A. would throw B. will be thrown

C. would been thrown D. would be thrown

10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster.

A. was shown B. would be shown

C. was show D. would show

11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early.

A. must take B. must taken

C. must have taken D. must be taken

12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.

A. can’t be put B. can’t put

C. can’t be putted D. can’t be putting

13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.

A. can throw B. can be thrown

C. can’t thrown D. mustn’t be thrown

14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.

A. must be bought B. can’t bought

C. can be buying D. may be bought

15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.

A. has been, happened B. has, happened

C. will, happen D. are, happening

16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?

A. is visiting B. has visited

C. is visited D. visits

17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago.

A. is building B. was built

C. built D. was building

18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.

A. have reached B. were reached

C. reached D. had been reached

19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is!

--- Yes. It ____________ every day.

A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

20. That building ____________ in our home town now.

A. is building B. building

C. is being built D. was built

21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________?

A. is finished B. will finish

C. finish D. will be finished

22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years.

A. are covered B. will be covered

C. are covering D. will cover

23. Older people ____________.

A. should be spoken politely

B. must speak to politely

C. should speak to polite

D. should be spoken to politely

24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday.

A. was taken care B. was taken care of

C. was looked at D. was looking at

25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in .

A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. was selling

二. 将下列句子变成被动语态

1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.

2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.

3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.

4. He often passes me my pen.

5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?

6. Li made his brother clean the room.

7. I saw him go into the classroom.

8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?

10. Who often watch them play football?

【试题答案】

一.

1-5 CDBCD 6-10 ABCDB 11-15 DABDB

16-20 CBAAC 21-25 ABDBC

二. 1. A new desk was given to me as a present by mother.

或I was given a new desk as a present by mother.

2. My little brother was made a model ship by me last week.

或A model ship was made for my little brother by me last week.

3. A funny story was told to me by Ann on our way to school.

或I was told a funny story by Ann on our way to school.

4. I am often passed my pen by him.

My pen is often passed to me by him.

5. Was the book you wanted bought for you?

或Were you bought the book you wanted?

6. His brother was made to clean the room.

7. He was seen to go into the classroom.

8. She is often heard to sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Was the old granny often helped to do the housework?

10. Who are often watched to play football?

寒假--被动语态 篇2

下列情况的主动态句子不能转变为被动态。

一、当宾语前有一个与主语相对应的所有格或物主代词时;

这只动物的嘴张得越来越大。

这位老师清了下嗓子继续上课。

二、在某些动词后面, 当宾语表示处所 (包括国家, 组织, 军队, 团体等) 时:

The man joined the PLA last year.

这个年青人去年参军了。

One of my old friends left his hometown and did not came back any longer.

我的一位老朋友离家后就再也没有回来过。

三、在一定的情况下, 当宾语是抽象名词时:

The clever student showed special interest in the music.这个聪明的学生表现出对音乐的特殊兴趣。

We are waiting for further instructions.

我们正在等待下一步的指示。

四、当宾语是反身代词时:

每个人应该常作自我批评。

当他们醒来时, 发现自己在一间冰冷的房间里。

May I introduce myself if you don’t mind?

如你不介意的话, 我可以自我介绍吗?

五、当宾语起状浯作用表示行为方式, 态度时:

她毫无表情的点了点头。

这些外国人微笑表示友好的感谢。

六、当宾语是行为者 (即主语身体的某一部分, 某一感官) 时:

He raised his hand and stood up at once.

他举起手, 立刻站起来。

他们突然转过身来, 盯着那辆车。

这位老人把手放在胸口上开始咳嗽。

七、当宾语是动词不定式 (或不定式短语) 时:

这个学生将来想当一名医生。

他的朋友已经学会做一个诚实的人。

八、当宾语是动名词 (或动名词短语) 时:

这扇破窗子的确需要修理了。

前天他们记住告诉了我们这件事。

English every day if you want to improve your oral English.

如果你要提高英语口语, 你一定要每天练习说英语。

九、某些动词短语是一个不可分割的整体时:

我们中国人民是履行诺言的。

昨晚当他们听到这个恐怖的故事时吓得变色。

她的叔叔一回来总做鬼脸。

十、谓语是表示状态的一些及物动词时.如:fail, suit, lack.,

last, become, own, resemble等。

I think that the arrangements did not suit us.我认为这些安排对我们不合适。

The money which he gave me would last us for five days.他给我的钱够我们用五天了。

He failed the trust of the people.他辜负了人民的信任。

She closely resembles her mother.她长得很像她的母亲。

十一、及物动词to owe没有它相应的被动态:

Heowedhissuccessto hard work.他把他的成就归功于勤奋的工作。

十二、当宾语是从句形式时:

我不知道他昨天晚上干了什么。

She said that she could try her best to do the work well.她说她会尽力把工作做好。

通过以上分析, 对掌握好这种语态的变化规律, 以及更好使。

面对“被动语态”不“被动” 篇3

一、被动语态的构成:

被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可以用于各种时态, 高考主要考查以下八种：

1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词。例如：

The song is often sung by children.

2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词。例如：

The house was built in 2000.

3.一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall be+过去分词。例如：

Cars will be taken by railway to many parts of the country.

4.过去将来时的被动语态：would/should+be+过去分词。例如：

Mr Li said that he would be invited to visit America before long.

5.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+过去分词。例如：

The case is being investigated.

6.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+过去分词。例如：

Mr Li was in hospital. When we went to see him, he was being operated on.

7.完成时的被动语态：have/has/had+been+过去分词。例如：

①The letters have been posted.

②He told me that the work had been finished.

8.带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词。例如：

①Nothing can be done about this.

②He should be praised by the teacher.

9.被动语态除常用be+过去分词外, 还可用get+过去分词。这种结构多用在口语中, 高考常考。例如：

①Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic.

②The boy got hurt on his way to school.

二、用被动语态时的意义:

1.不知道或无必要指出行为、动作的执行者（无须加by短语）。如：

①Football is played all over the world.

②Color TV sets are sold in that shop.

2.突出和强调行为或动作的承受者时。如：

①History is made by the people.

②The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people.

3.有时主语较长, 宜后置。如：It’s said that they have won the game.

三、使用动词被动语态时应注意的事项：

1.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。如：look at, laugh at, send for, call on, carry out, take care of等。 例如：

①The data is often referred to.

②My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

2.不及物动词没有被动语态。如：appear, belong, remain, happen, occur, escape, break out等。例如：

①The Anti-Japanese War was broken out in 1937. (错误)

The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937. (正确)

②At last, my dream was come true. （错误）

At last, my dream come true. (正确)

3.连系动词用主动形式表达被动的含义。 如：

①表示感官的连系动词, 如：smell, taste, sound, feel, look, seem等, 这类动词只能用主动形式表达被动的含义。如: Mr Li looks quite young. 又如：His health seems to be better.

②表示持续状态的动词, 如stay, remain等,也不用于被动语态, 它们的被动意义也要用主动的形式来表达。如：

Much work remains to be done. 又如：The window stayed open all the night.

③prove, turn out作连系动词, 表“结果,证明”。例如：

This meeting proved/turned out to be a success.

这次会议证明是一次成功的会议。

4.说明商品,产品或工具自身所具有的性能或内在属性的动词, 如sell(well/badly); wash(well/badly); write(well/badly); cut(well/badly)等, 这类动词不用于被动语态（不表达此意时, 则另当别论）。如：

①The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。

②This knife cuts well. 这把刀切起来很锋利。

5.need, want, require以及be worth…之后的V-ing不用被动语态, 要用主动的形式表达被动的含义。如：

①This book is well worth reading.

②The flower needs watering.

6.动词不定式的被动语态要注意的问题。

（1）动词不定式与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系, 又和句子的主语构成主谓关系;在“主语+be+形容词（如hard, easy, difficult, good, impossible, important等）+不定式”句型中,当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。如：

①I have an important meeting to attend.

②The math problem is hard to work out.

（2）There be句型中,通常用不定式的主动形式表达被动的意义。如：

There is lots of difficulty to face in the future.

（3）有些动词不定式的被动意义用主动形式表达是固定用法,如：to blame（应受谴责）; to let（出租）等。如：

In this matter he seems to be in no way to blame.

在这件事情上, 看来他没有什么责任。

7.一词多义的动词在用作某一特定的词义时是不及物的, 不能用于被动语态; 反之则可以用于被动语态, 应视具体情况而定。如decline做及物动词时, 意为“拒绝; 谢绝”。如：The invation of the TV was declined by the famous singer. decline作不及物动词时, 意为“衰退; 减弱; （物价等）下跌”。如：The prices are declining.

8.有些动词形式上是被动的, 但含义上是主动的。例如：

①He was dressed in red at that time.

②The girl was lost in the forest.

③The boy was seated in the chair.

9.在使役动词make以及感官动词see, hear…等动词被动形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to”。 如：

The teacher made Jim answer it again.(主动)

Jim was made to answer it again. (被动语态, 加to)

10.宾语为反身代词时,不用被动语态,只用主动形式,如：

The man introduces himself as Mr Li.

11..注意系表结构和被动语态的区别。系表结构表明主语的状态或特征,不带by短语,而被动语态是表明主语的一个被动动作,可以带by短语。

The job was well done. (系表结构)

The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态)

巩固练习：选择最佳答案。

1. They consider the question hard ____.

A. to be answeredB. to being answered

C. to answerD. answer

2. ____ this bicycle ____ to you?

A. Does; belongB. Is; belong

C. Has; been belongedD. Is; belonging

3. His idea, though good, needs ____ out.

A. being triedB. to tryC. triedD. trying

4. ——Do you like the material?

——Yes, it ____ very soft.

A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt

5. ——Shall we begin now?

——Yes. All the preparations for the task ____, and you may start.

A. completedB. have been completed

C. had been completedD. complete

6. ——You could have asked your brother for help. He is good at math.

——Yes, a whole day ____.

A. will wasteB. had wasted

C. was wastedD. would be wasted

7. Nothing ____ after the terrible fire which had been caused by

someone smoking in bed.

A. leftB. was remainedC. remainedD. continued

8. The new dictionaries are very useful. They ____ well and ____

already.

A. sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold

C. sell; sell outD. are sold; have been sold out

9. Why haven’t you finished your homework yet? You ____ to have

finished it last Sunday.

A. are supposedB. were supposedC. are supposingD. were supposing

10. Our team won the match, but one of the players ____ hurt in the match.

A. gotB. getsC. areD. were

被动语态教案 篇4

The students can understand the passive voice correctly and master some sentence structure correctly Teaching Methods 1.Explanation 2.White-board 3.Pair-work Group-work Teaching Procedures Step 1 Preparation

1.Greet the students with each other.2.Review all the tenses that have learnt.Step II Presentation

1.英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

2.被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken 过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken 过去完成时：had been + spoken Step III Practice 被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

Step IV Production 1.主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.2.含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

英语动词时态的被动语态 篇5

被动语态的构成

be

过去分词

1

一般现在时的被动语态

am / is / are

过去分词

2

一般过去时的被动语态

was / were

过去分词

3

现在进行时的被动语态

am / is / are +being

过去分词

4

过去进行时的被动语态

was / were +being

过去分词

5

现在完成时的被动语态

have / has been

过去分词

6

过去完成时的被动语态

had been

过去分词

7

将来完成时的被动语态

will / shall have been

过去分词

8

一般将来时的被动语态

will / shall be

过去分词

9

过去将来时的被动语态

would / should be

过去分词

为了便于理解，请看以下几个例子：

We are given a lot of homework to do.

我们有很多作业要做。

They were given a warm send-off.

他们受到热烈的欢送。

I think we are being followed.

我想有人在跟踪我们。

They told me that the case was being investigated.

他们告诉我案子正在调查。

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.

他们找寻的文件已找到了。

He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.

他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。

Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.

仔细检查一遍，把所有错误都找出来。

He knew he would be punished for it.

被动语态“牵手”中考 篇6

一、考查不同时态被动语态的构成

不同时态被动语态的谓语结构是不同的, 需要单独记忆。不同时态被动语态可以通过不同的

时间状语来判断。除了肯定句之外, 还要注意否定句和一般疑问句结构。

[中考链接]

1.Mariaat 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.

A.was woken up B.woke up C.wakes up D.is woken up

(2008年湖北恩施)

2.What beautiful flowers in the garden.Yeah!Theyhere last year.

A.planted B.were planted C.are planted D.will be planted

(2006年浙江宁波)

3.It is reported that the Underground Line No.3_______in our city in 2010.

A.will build B.has built C.will be built D.has been built

(2008年江苏南京)

4.这些照片是去年在北京拍的____________。. (2005年江苏苏州)

5.Didn’t they tell you about it? (改为被动语态)

_________you about it? (2008年山东烟台)

解析:1.从句中的介词by加动作的执行者可以看出谓语动词要用被动语态, 又因为at 6:30 every morning是一般现在时态的时间状语, 因此选D项。2.从时间状语last year可以看出谓语是一般过去时态, 因此排除C、D两项;又因为动作的承受者they是代替前一句中的beautiful flowers, 所以选B项。3.因为动作的执行者the Underground Line No.3是句子的主语, 谓语动词要用被动语态;又因为in 2010是一般将来时态的时间状语, 所以选C项。4.因为动作的执行者没有必要说出来, 表示过去, 所以要用一般过去时态的被动语态来翻译, 因此答案是:These photos were taken in Beijing last year。5.因为改写后的句子是否定疑问句被动结构, 主语是you, 所以答案是:Weren’t, told。

二、考查情态动词的被动语态

情态动词被动语态的构成是:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。常考的情态动词有:can, could, may, must, should等。

[中考链接]

1.The guide said that much attention must_________these details.

(2007年江苏无锡)

A.payB.be paidC.pay toD.be paid to

2.This kind of foodcool, clean, and dry according to the instructions

(2006年天津)

A.should be carried B.must be put C.should be placed D.must be kept

3.Nobody can answer the questions. (改为被动语态)

The questions________answered by anybody. (2008年山东烟台)

解析:1.因为attention是动作pay的承受者, 常见的搭配形式是pay (much more) attention to;又因为是情态动词must的被动语态, 所以选D项。2.根据句中形容词cool, clean, and dry作宾语补足语可知答案是D。因为A项的意思是“把这种食物运到某地”;B项的意思是“把这种食物放在某地”;C项的意思是“把这种食物安放在某地”, 这三项都不符合题意, 因此排除。译文:根据说明, 这种食物必须保持凉爽、干净和干燥。3.因为改写后的句子中介词后面的不定代词表示肯定, 所以谓语部分应该用否定形式, 因此答案是:can’t be。

三、考查短语动词的被动语态

短语动词相当于及物动词, 改为被动语态时, 短语动词不能分开使用。例如:

1.We put on an English play in the school hall.

→An English play was put on in the school hall.

2.They take good care of the children in this school.

→The children are taken good care of in this school.

[中考链接]

1.Last weekend an English short play was__________in the school hall.

(2004年江苏南京)

A.put in B.put down C.put on D.put up

2.Our sports meeting has been__________till next Monday because of the bad weather.

(2006年福建莆田)

A.put on B.put up C.put off D.put down

解析:1.因为an English short play是动作的承受者, 谓语动词只能用put on;又因为动词put的过去分词与原形相同, 所以选C项。2.所给选项都是短语动词, put on意思是“穿上、上演”, put up意思是“举起、建立”, put off意思是“延期”, put down意思是“放下、阻止”, 根据句意可知答案是C项。

四、考查双宾语的被动语态

把带双宾语的主动句改为被动语态时, 通常保留一个宾语。当用指物的宾语作被动语态的主语时, 通常在指人的宾语前加介词to。常见的动词有:give, buy等。

[中考链接]

Was another injection given to you by the doctor yesterday? (改为主动语态)

_________the doctoranother injection yesterday? (2003年新疆)

解析:一般过去时态的一般疑问句被动语态, 改为主动句时, 助动词要用did, 直接宾语you应该放在动词give的后面, 所以答案是:Did, give, you。

五、考查宾语补足语的被动语态

把含宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态时, 宾语改为被动语态的主语, 宾语补足语作为主语补足语, 原来的位置不变。不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语改为被动语态时, 不定式必须加上to。常见的及物动词有:see, watch, make, hear等。例如:

1.People keep food and vegetables cold in the fridge.

→Food and vegetables are kept cold in the fridge.

2.I saw him walk in the street.→He was seen to walk in the street by me.

[中考链接]

1.The girls were askedgo out at night. (2005年湖北武汉)

A.to not B.not C.not to

2.Mary was heardjust now.What happened?John was telling a joke.

A.cry B.to cry C.laugh D.to laugh (2008年江苏南通)

3.I saw him go into the house a moment ago. (改为被动语态)

__________

(2006年江苏宿迁)

点击被动语态 篇7

一､被动语态的含义:当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只须强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。

二､几种常用时态的被动语态的构成与基本用法:

(1)一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+动词的过去分词

He uses cotton to make a coat. (改为被动语态)

Cotton is used to make a coat.

They speak English in class every day. (改为被动语态)

English is spoken in class by them every day.

(2)一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词

They built a house last year. (改为被动语态)

A house was built by them last year.

He wrote some letters yesterday. (改为被动语态)

Some letters were written by him yesterday.

(3)一般将来时的被动语态:will/be (am， is， are) bgoing to+be+动词的过去分词

They will plant the trees tomorrow. (改为被动语态)

The trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

He is going to see his grandparents the day after tomorrow. (改为被动语态)

His grandparents are going to be seen by him the day after tomorrow. (4)含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词

We should plant the trees around the lake. (改为被动语态)

The trees should be planted by us around the lake.

We must listen to the teacher carefully in class. (改为被动语态)

The teacher must be listened to carefully by us in class.

(5)现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词He is watering the flowers now. (改为被动语态)

The flowers are being watered now.

We are doing the homework now. (改为被动语态)

The homework is being done by us now.

(6)过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词 They were watching TV at eight yesterday. (改为被动语态)

TV was being watched by them at eight yesterday.

(7)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词They have finished the housework. (改为被动语态)

The housework has been finished by them.

三､主动语态变被动语态的方法:

例:He often plays the computer games on Sundays.

他经常在星期天玩电脑游戏。

(1)把主动语态中动词之后的宾语变为被动语态的主语。此句中的宾语是the computer games。

(2)把主动语态中的谓语改成其对应的被动语态的形式，作为被动语态的谓语，谓语随着主语及时态的变化而变化。此句中的谓语plays 变成be played; 因为主语是the computer games以及时态是一般现在时，所以be应用are。

(3)主动语态的主语改为by的宾语，有时可以省略。在此句中主语he改为by him。例如:

He often plays the computer games on Sundays. →

The computer games are often played by him on Sundays.

四､被动语态中须注意的几个问题:

(1)在主动句中动词make， let， have， feel， see， hear， watch， find， notice等后接动词不定式作宾补时，动词不定式都要去掉to， 但在变被动语态时，后面的不定式一定要加上to， 再加动词原形。

make sb. do sth. → sb. be made to do sth. 例如:

The man made the boy do his homework. 这个人让这个小孩做作业。

The boy was made to do his homework. 这个小孩被命令做作业。

hear sb. do sth. → sb. be heard to do sth. 例如:

I heard him sing in the next room. 我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌了。

He was heard to sing (by me) in the next room.

(2)短语动词在变被动语态时，只变其中的动词，介词与副词保持不变。She has sent for the doctor. (改为被动语态)

The doctor has been sent for (by her).

They listened to the speaker carefully. (改为被动语态)

The speaker was listened to carefully (by them).

(3)带双宾语的主动句变被动语态时，有两种变法。

第一种:若以“人”(间接宾语)作主语，“物”(直接宾语)不变。

He gave me a book as a present. (改为被动语态)

I was given a book (by him) as a present.

第二种:若以“物”(直接宾语)作主语，“人”(间接宾语)保持不变，但是间接宾语前必须加与其相对应的介词。

He gave me a book as a present. (改为被动语态)

A book was given to me (by him) as a present.

He bought me a cake. (改为被动语态)

A cake was bought for me (by him).

(4) happen， take place， belong to 等没有被动语态。

What happened to you yesterday?

This beautiful jacket belongs to me.

练习:

1. The children ____ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.

A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught

2. ——Look! What a nice garden!

——Yes. It ____ every day.

A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned

C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned

3. It is said that potato chips ____ by mistake a hundred years ago.

A. inventB. invented

C. are inventedD. were invented

4. ——How beautiful our hometown is!

——Yes， trees and flowers ____ everywhere.

A. can be seen B. can see

C. be seen D. can’t see

5. Can you tell me whom the play ____ in 1998?

A. was written by B. was written

C. is written by D. is written

6. Tom is often made ____ for twelve hours a day by the boss.

A. work B. working

C. to work D. to be working

7. ——Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours?

——Yes. It ____ by Nancy Jackson.

A. has designedB. designed

C. was designedD. designs

8. Today， the forests have almost gone， people must ____ down many trees.

A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting

C. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting

9. This kind of food ____ in cool， clean and dry places according to the instruction.

A. should be carried B. must be put

C. should be put D. must be kept

10. ——Where did you go last night?

——I ____ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.

A. askedB. am asked

C. have been asked D. was asked

11. ——I want to be a doctor.

——Doctors ____ greatly in every part of the world， I think.

A. need B. are needed

C. are needing D. will need

12. The village is building a school. I hope it ____ before August this year.

A. finishes B. will finish

C. is finished D. will be finished

13. The young man who stole many bikes in our school ____ the day before yesterday.

A. was catching B. is caught

C. caught D. was caught

14. English ____ by lots of people as their first language in the world.

A. is spokenB. speaks C. is speaking D. spoke

15. I was ____ that our class meeting about “Eight Do’s and Don’ts”would be held soon.

A. talked B. spokenC. told D. said

16.Children shouldn’t ____ to drive.

A. allow B. be allowing

C. be allowed D. to allow

17. I know she won’t come to join us unless she ____ to.

A. tellsB. has told C. is told

18. To make our city more beautiful. Rubbish ____ into the river.

A. can’t throw B. mustn’t be thrownC. needn’t be thrown

19. Mary ____ the song at a party.

A. heard sing B. was heard singing

C. was heard to sing D. was heard sing

20. Linda， the tea smells nice. Where ____ it ____?

A. is， builtB. does， make

C. is， producedD. is， used