九年级各单元英语作文

九年级各单元英语作文（精选7篇）

九年级各单元英语作文 篇1

Unit 1 Topic 1

I.重点词组

1.take photos 照相

2.learn…from…向……学习

3.in detail 详细地

4.in order to为了

5.give support to… 为……提供帮助

6.see sth.oneself 亲眼所见某物

7.keep in touch with 与……保持联系

8.sorts of各种各样的 9.make progress 取得进步

10.draw up 起草,拟定

11.thanks to 由于

II.重点句型

1.In one place I saw children working for a cruel boss.在一处我看到了孩子们为残忍的老板干活。

2.I felt sorry for them.我对他们深表同情。

3.Where have you been, Jane? 你去过哪里，简?

4.She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.她去古巴当志愿者了。

5.There goes the bell.铃响了。

6.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy.虽然我没有时间去旅行，但是我仍然感到很开心。

7.Now our country has developed rapidly.现在我们国家发展迅速。

III.语法

1.现在完成时态的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词

e.g.You have just come back from your hometown.2.现在完成时态的句式:

e.g.(1)I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.(2)I haven’t seen him for a long time.(3)Where have you been?

(4)——Have you ever cleaned a room? ——Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.3.have/ has been与 have/has gone 的区别

have/has been to sp.表示曾经到过某地—— have/has gone to sp.表示已经去了某地

e.g.(1)I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.(2)She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.Unit 1 Topic 2

I.重点词组

1.get lost 迷路

2.each other 彼此

3.at least 至少

4take place发生

5because of 因为

6.be strict with sb.对某人严格要求

7.carry out 实行

8.be short of 缺乏

9.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事

10.be known as… 作为……而著名

11.work well in doing…在……方面起作用

12.a couple of 一些

13keep up with赶上,跟上

II.重点句型

1.Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗?

2.——I really hate to go shopping.我的确讨厌购物。——So do I.我也如此。

3.But it seems that their living conditions were not very good.但是似乎他们的生活条件不太好。

4.But great changes have already taken place in China recently.但是近来中国已发生了巨大的变化。

5.Because of the one-child policy, now most families have only one child.由于我国独生子女政策的实行，现在大部分家庭只有一个孩子。

6.What’s the population of the U.S.A.?美国的人口是多少?

7.——What’s more, the population in developing countries is growing faster.——So it is.而且，发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。的确如此。

8.Our government has taken many measures to control the population.我们的政府已采取了许多控制人口的措施。

III.语法：

常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.e.g.1.I have just called you.2.——Have you ever been to France? ——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.3.——Have you seen him yet? ——Yes, I have seen him already.Unit 1 Topic 3

I.重点词组

1.get used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于……

2.as a matter of fact 事实上

3.break out 爆发

4.live a hard life 过着艰难的生活

5.in need of 需要

6.provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.提供某物给某人

7.one’s success in doing sth.成功完成某事

8.obey strict rules 遵守严格的规则

9.take drugs 吸毒

10.aim to do sth.目的是

11.in the past sixteen years 在过去的十六年里

12.at home and abroad 在国内外

13.pay for 付款

14.thousands of 成千上万的 II.重点句型

1You must come for a visit.请你一定来参观。

2Well, once they find people in deed, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助, 就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。

3I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.我认为对于这些人来说,自我感觉良好是重要的。

4The world has changed for the better.世界变得更加美好。

5With the money, it has built thousands of schools and trained 2,300 teachers.它用这钱修建了数千所学校和图书馆并且培训了2300名教师。

III.语法

1.现在完成时: 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。

e.g.You have been in New York for a long time.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2.构词法:

合成词: home +work= homework

派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy

仁爱英语九年级Unit2语言点归纳 Unit 2 Topic 1

I.重点词组

1.chemical factory 化工厂

2.pour… into… 把……排放到……

3.in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中

4.manage to do sth.设法去做某事

5.do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害

6.quite a few 相当多

7.no better than 同…….一样差

8.in pubic 公开地

9.all sorts of 各种各样的 10.in many ways 在许多方面

II.重点句型

1.Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.看, 有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水.2.Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化.3.How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?

4.I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境.5.However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.然而,并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染, 而且有害于人类健康.III.语法

直接引语和间接引语

1.Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”

Granny said that she was feeling even worse.2.“ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.3.“ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.Topic 2

I.重点词组

1.as a result 结果

2.here and there 到处

3.in the beginning 一开始

4.in danger 处于危险中

5.cut down 砍倒

6.change sth.into sth.把……变成……

7.prevent from 防止

8.greenhouse effect 温室效应

9.refer to 提到

10.deal with 处理

11.take up 占据

12.cut off 中断

II.重点句型

1.As we know, none of us likes pollution.众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。

2.Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals.人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。

3.Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away.树木也能防风固土。

4.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。

5.Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good.我们所做的, 有些对地球很好,而有些不利。

6.They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。

7.When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away.天一下雨或刮风, 土就会被冲走或刮走。

III.语法

不定代词:

1.定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

2.用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。

e.g.But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.Topic 3

I.重点词组

1.not only…but also… 不仅……而且……

2.be supposed to 应该

3.ought to 应该

4.turn off 关掉

5.instead of 代替

6.on time 准时

7.make sure 确保

8.push forward向前推

9.push down 向下

10.pull up 向上拉

II.重点句型

1.For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.例如,我们应该用纸的两面,并且重新使用塑料袋。

2.Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做.3.First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先, 你离开房间时应该随手关灯。

4.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。

5.Well, actions speak louder than words.嗯, 百说不如一做。

6.There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干,今晚一定要早睡。

III.语法

并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。

结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句

常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only… but also

e.g.1.The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2.They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.Unit 3 Topic1

一.重点词语

1.be able to=can 能够,会

2.can’t wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事

3.have a(good)chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事

4.practice doing sth.练习做某事

5.be made by…被……制做;be made of/from…由……制成;be made in…在某地制造

6.on business出差

7.be similar to…和……相似

8.translate…into…把……翻译成……

9.have no/some trouble(in)doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难

10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶尔,间或

11.whenever=no matter when无论何时

12.as well as以及

13.mother tongue 母语

14.take the leading position处于领先地位

15.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

16.call for号召

二.重点句型

1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。

2.I hope I can go there one day.希望有一天我能去那儿。

3.English is widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。

4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。

5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。

6.It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand.它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。

7.And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。

三.语法学习

一般现在时的被动语态

英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。

如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。

如：The classroom is cleaned(by us).教室被(我们)打扫。

1.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)

其中by意为“被……;由……”，表动作的执行者。

如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。

be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。

如：English is widely spoken around the world.(肯定式)

English is not widely spoken around the world.(否定式)

Is English widely spoken around the world?(疑问式)

Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.2.被动语态的用法：(1)在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。(2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。

3.主、被动语态的转换：

主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)

被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它)

注意：(1)主动、被动互转时，时态不变。(2)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：

(1)People grow rice in the south.Rice is grown(by people)in the south.(2)She takes care of the baby.The baby is taken care of(by her).四.交际用语：谈论英语的广泛使用

1.---You’ll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.---You’re right.2.---But I’m not good at English.I’m a little afraid.---Don’t worry.3.---Is Spanish similar to English?---Not really.Topic 2

一.重点词语

1.by the way 顺便说一下

2.depend on取决于……;依靠……

3.be different from与……不同 4.succeed in成功，达成 5.make yourself understood表达你自己的意思

6.on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上

7.see sb.Off给……送行

8.leave for…前往某地/leave…for…离开…去…

9.in twenty minutes二十分钟之后

10.written English笔头英语/oral English英语口语

11.generally speaking一般说来，大致上说

12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物

13.be close to…靠近……

14.in person身体上，外貌上;亲自

15.be found of…爱好……

16.be forced to do sth.被迫做……/force sb.to do强迫某人做某事

17.even worse 更糟的是

二.重点句型

Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?

2.English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries.不同的国家使用不同的英语。

3.For example, there are differences between British English and American English.例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。

5.I hope I won’t have any difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。

6.Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。

7.Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。

三、语法学习

用现在进行时表示将来

现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”(但不是固定不变的)或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。

如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die

例：I’m going.我要走了。When are you starting?你什么时候动身?

Don’t worry.The train is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。

表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。

如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。

She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。

四.交际用语：谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言

1.I can’t follow you.Can you speak more slowly, please?

2.Oh, it sounds interesting.3.If you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences

4.---What’s up?---The foreigner is asking for a ride.5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.Topic 3

一、重点词语

1.in public在公共场所 2.at times=sometimes有时

3.feel like doing=would like to do想要做……

4..give up sth./doing sth.放弃 5..turn to sb.for help求助于某人

6..give sb.some advice on/about…给某人一些有关……的建议

7..be weak in在……方面很差/be good at在……方面很好

8..be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 9.make mistakes犯错误

10.take a deep breath深呼吸 11.the best time to do做某事最好的时间

12.do some listening practice做些听力训练 13.reply to=answer回答

14.advise sb.to do建议某人做某事(名词advice)

二、重点句型

1.Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗?

2.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办?

3.At times I feel like giving up.有时我想要放弃。

4.Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article.尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。

5.I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。

6.It’s an honor to talk with all of you.与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。

7.But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。

8.I insist that you practice English every day.我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。

9.Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是通往成功的第一步。

三、语法学习

wh-+to do wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh-+to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh-+to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)

如：I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句(由疑问词引导)通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。

如：I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)

四、交际用语：谈论如何学习英语

1.---…, but I hate to speak English in public.---You’d better not.2.---I know it’s very important to learn English well.But it’s difficult for me.---Me, too.3.Have you ever had any difficulties in studying English?

4.---…, could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?

---You’d better follow the tape and do some listening practice.I think the best time to remember new words is in the morning.Unit 4 Topic 1

一、重点词汇：

(一)词形转换：

1.successful(副词)2.proper(副词)

3.completely(动词)4.leader(动词)

5.succeed(名词)6.hero(复数)

7.physics(形容词)8.fix(同义词)

9.introduce(名词)10.far(比较级)

(二)重点词组：

1.go around 环绕

2.send…into… =send up…into… 把……送入

3.congratulations on sth 祝贺某事

4.be proud of 为……而自豪

5.be moved by 为……而感动

6.Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事

7.have physical examinations 做体检

8.in good/bad health 处于好(不好)的身体状态

9.can’t help doing 情不自禁做……

10.take turn to(do sth)轮流(做某事)

11.no doubt 无疑地

12.as well as 除……的之外，也

13.for instance/example 例如

14.work on 做……(方面)的工作

15.depend on/upon 依靠，依赖

16.turn on 打开

17.turn off 关掉

18.turn up 开大

19.turn down 关小

20.click on 用鼠标点击

21.look forward to doing sth 期待做某事

二、重点句型：

1.Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。

(1)句子“are being made”是现在进行时的被动语态，结构“be being+过去分词”。

(2)主动句中的宾补如果是不带to的不定式时，变成被动句后，成为主补的不定式必须带to,常见跟不带to的复合宾语的动词有see、feel、hear、make等。

2.I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did.我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。

(1)What Yang Liwei did 是介词by的宾语从句，意为“杨利伟所做的事”

(2)be moved by 为……而感动 如：The students are moved by the old man’s story.同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。

3.Generally speaking, we are in good health now.一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。

(1)generally speaking “一般来说、大体上、大概”

(2)in good/bad health 处于好(不好)的身体状况。如:

He has a cold, he is always in bad health.他感冒了，他的身体状况总是不好。

4.We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again.我们忍不住再三地看着地球。(1)can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事。如：

I can’t help crying.我忍不住哭了。

(2)again and again 一再，屡次，如：

The teacher has told him again and again.老师已屡次和他讲过了。

5.I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest.一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。

take turns to(do sth.)轮流(做某事)。

The Browns take turns to look after the baby.布朗一家轮流照看这个婴儿。

6.It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry.这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。

It has proved that… 这证明了……

7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问,电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.There is no doubt that… 译为“毫无疑问”如:

There is no doubt that we should protect the environment.毫无疑问我们应该保护环境。

8.Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”.电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。

make+宾语+形容词 “使……怎样”如：

We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.我们将尽全力使我产的国家越来越美丽.三、日常交际用语：

Congratulations!

Thanks for your introduction.Pleased to meet you.=Nice to meet you.It’s an honor to interview you now.What do you think of ShenZhou VI? =What are your thoughts about ShenZhou VI?

四、重点语法：

宾语补足语: 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。

(一)、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：

1.We call him Jim.(名词)我们叫他吉姆。

2.We must keep our school clean every day.(形容词)我们必须每天保持校园清洁。

3.Call him in, please.(副词)请叫他进来。

4.Leave it on the desk.(介词短语)把它留在课桌上。

(二)、动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况：

1.跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。

2.跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感(feel)、二听(listen to, hear),三让(make, let, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)如：Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。

但这种结构变成被动语态时，to必须加上。如：

He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。

3.跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：

Can you help me(to)wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗?

(三)、分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况。

1.现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear等。如：

I hear somebody singing in the next room.我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。

2.过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：

You need to have your hair cut.你需要理发了。

Topic 2

一、重点词汇：

1.be used for +ving 被用做……

2.come true 实现

3.It’s said that 据说

4.during/in one’s life 某人一生

5.be known as 以……(身份)而著名

6.know/say for certain 确切知道/肯定地说

7.all the time 一直、总是

8.no longer=not…any longer 不再

(no more, not…any more)

9.as long as 只要

10.as far as 就……，尽……

11.make a great contribution 对…作出巨大贡献

12.the rest of the time 在其余地时间里

13.at any time 在任何时候

二、重点句型：

1.Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。

allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式：

(1)allow +n./prep 如： We can’t allow such a thing.我们不容许这种事情发生。

(2)allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事 如： She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。

(3)allow +doing sth 允许做某事 如： We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room.我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。

(4)be allowed to do sth 如：被允许做某事

The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。

2.How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说?

其意思与What’s this in English相同。

3.It’s made from wood.它用木材做的。

(1)be made in 在……地方制造，后接表示地点的名词。

(2)be made of 用……制造的，表示原材料未经化学变化，仍可看得出原材料。

(3)be made from 用……制造的，表示原材料经过化学变化，已看不出其原样。

(4)be made by 由(被)……(人)制作，后接表示人的名词或代词。

(5)be made into(某物)被制成……

(6)be made up of 由……组成 如：

The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本生产的。

These houses are made of stones.这些房子是由石头建造的。

Paper is made from wood.纸是木头造的。

Was this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗?

Metal can be made into all kinds of things.金属可以制成各种各样的物品。

The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。

4.It’s used for helping us to improve our English.它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。

(1)be used for+ving be used to do(被)用来做…… 强调用途或作用

(2)be used as(被)作为……而用，强调被当作工具或手段来用。

(3)be used by 被……使用，by后跟人/物，强调使用者。如:

Pens are used for writing.钢笔被用来写字。

Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。

English is used as a foreign language in China.英语在中国被当作外语使用。

Recorders are often used by English teachers.英语老师经常使用录音机。

5.People are surprised at the rapid development of robots.人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。句子中be surprised at…是一个系表结构，表示“对……感到惊讶”。而be surprised by…是一个被动语态形式，表示“被……所惊讶”。如：I am surprised at you.我对你的举动感到诧异。

The manager was surprised by what he saw on the computer.那位经理被眼前出现在电脑屏幕上的东西所惊讶。

6.They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。

no longer(通常在动词前)，not…any longer;not…any more(用于非正式文体中)都可表示“(过去曾……)现在不再……” 如：

She no longer lives here.She doesn’t live here any longer(或 any more).她不在这儿住了。(过去她曾住这儿)

7.This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。

work well 有效 as long as 只要

三、日常交际用语：

What’s it made of from? When/where was it made?

It was invented in 1879.What will our future be like?

I hope your dream will come true.四、重点语法：

1、一般过去时的被动语态

谓语部分的基本形式是be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：

When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的?

It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。

When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的?

It was invented in 1975.它是1975年发明的。

2、时间前所用介词的速记歌

年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to。

说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。

Topic 3

一、重点词汇：1.travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行

2.in the future

3.in order to 为了

4.on the radio 通过收音机

5.take part in 参加

6.grow up 成长、长大

7.prefer…to 喜欢……胜过……

8.What’s worse 更为糟糕的是

9.be worth it 有好处，值得一干

10.at a distance of 相隔

11.send sb a message 给某人发送信息

二、重点句型：

1.I don’t think aliens can be found in space.我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。

(1)当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后的宾语从句含有not的否定词时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。如：

I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.我认为明天不会下雨。

如果主句的主语是第二、三人称，否定式一般不转移。如：

He supposes they won’t win the game.他猜想他们赢不了比赛。

(2)can +be +过去分词，是情态动词构成的被动语态。如：

This can’t be done in a short time.这不是短期内能完成的。

2.It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。

it用作主语谈论时间，常与since连用。

如：It is(或has been)three years since we left school.自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。

3.What’s worse, our water supplies were very low.更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。

What’s worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有：What’s more 更有甚者;更为重要的是。

4.It’s a quarter as big as the earth.它是地球的四分之一大。

倍数表示法：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as

如：This box is three times as heavy as that one.这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。

5.Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.恒星在相隔大约228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。

(1)at a distance of 相隔

(2)at a distance 在远处。如：

The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380000km.月球在距地球38万千米的地方绕地球旋转。

The police followed him at a distance.警察远远地跟着他。

三、日常交际用语:

Sound great!What is it about?

What fun!I can’t wait.You think man can live in space one day?

I Think so.I hope I can live there one day.四、重点语法：

情态动词的被动语态:是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：Aliens can not be seen on the earth.在地球上不可能见到外星人。

Other planets may be visited soon in the future.将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。

Scientific research should be done carefully.应该认真地进行科学研究。

These trees must be watered in time.这些树应该及时浇水

九年级各单元英语作文 篇2

本单元以讨论允许和不允许做的事情而展开学习, 在不断深入讨论过程中又学习了表示同意和不同意的表达方法以及由情态动词should构成的被动语态。为了能够增强学生开口讲英语的自信心, 第一课时充分利用多媒体教学设备, 创设与本课话题相关的情景, 如谈论青少年日常行为规范、校规、家规等。围绕着教学目标, 设计一些贴近学生实际的教学任务, 让学生辩论一些学校规章制度。学生在使用所学目标语言进行辩论时, 教师要不断地鼓励学生, 让学生勇于发表自己的真实观点和想法, 同时学会关注日常生活和学习中的各种规章制度, 对周围世界进行比较客观地认识和评价, 养成自觉遵守规则的良好习惯。

二、教学背景分析

(一) 教学内容分析

学生在七年级下册第十二单元“Don’t eat in the classroom”中学过关于规章制度的讨论, 在八年级下册第二单元“what should I do?”中学过情态动词should的用法。本单元谈论的是学生非常熟悉又和生活、学习紧密相关的话题——家规、校规及其他规章制度, 能引起学生的共鸣 , 激起学习的兴趣。因此, 掌握“be (not) allowed to do/ Should (not) be allowed to do”难度不大。可以让学生结合生活实际自由谈论各种规章制度, 发表自己的观点, 并陈述同意或不同意的理由;还可以根据实际情况对各种家规、校规进行修改, 并为一些组织机构制定新的规章, 体现“为用而学、在用中学、学了就用”的新课程理念。

(二) 学生情况分析

笔者教学的对象是初三学生 (以中等生为主) , 他们具有较强的求知欲和表现欲, 所以对英语学习的模仿力很强, 但部分学生对英语学习没有自信, 害怕表现, 但又希望能得到大家的肯定。因此笔者在教学活动中尽量让这部分学生参与到课堂活动中来, 有更多的说英语的机会, 增强他们的自信心;还有一些学困生由于基础薄弱, 对完成某些任务有一定的难度, 教师可采取小组奖励的办法, 通过学生间的合作学习, 促进小组成员之间的互帮互学, 鼓励小组中的优秀成员主动帮助困难生学习, 培养学生的团队意识。提高他们综合运用语言的能力, 让他们都能体验到成功的喜悦, 使各层次的学生都有所收获。

三、教学目标分析

(一) 语言知识目标

1. 掌握语言结构 should (not) be allowed to do, 学会表达 agree 和 disagree。

2. 对目标语言的听力训练。

(二) 情感态度目标

通过了解和反思自己的言行举止是否符合中学生日常行为准则、规范自己的言行, 养成自觉遵守规则的良好习惯和优良品德; 正确看待“家规”“班规”“校规”等, 并能认真遵守;理解父母、教师的合理建议对自己成长的重要性。

四、教学重点、难点分析

(一) 教学重点

1. 词汇:teenager, choose, pierce

2. 词组:too wild, too silly, too young, not seriousenough, not old enough, not calm enough, get earspierced

(二) 教学难点

结构:should be allowed to,

should not be allowed to

五、教学过程设计

(一) 步骤 1:导入 (5 分钟)

T: An exchange student comes to our classtoday. He wants to know some rules about ourschool.

通过投影展示以下活动名称, 学生以四人一组活动, 各自谈论在学校里能做哪些, 不能做哪些。

What rules do you have at our school?

We should sweep the floor every day.

We should not arrive school late.

We should not take mobile phones .

……

sweep the floor, clean the blackboard, fightw it hothers , arrive school late , take mobil ephones等等。

多媒体呈现表格, 小组讨论填表

设计意图:通过学生感兴趣的内容引入新知。

( 二 ) 步骤 2:呈现 (25 分钟)

1.Introduce the new structure: allow sb. to dosth. / don’t allow sb. to do sth.

多媒体呈现 :

Teachers allow us to eat in the dinning hall.

Teachers don’t allow us to eat in the classroom.

2. 小组活动:

全班50人分成12组, 每组4人

游戏规则:

(1) 用纸片做成12个签, (其中有2个签画有小红旗) , 由组长抽签, 抽到带有小红旗的签的两个组进行比赛。

(2) 第一轮用am/is/are allowed to结构说句子, 比赛小组每人2次机会, 但是不能重复出现句子, 否则为失败。第二轮用am/is/are not allowed to结构说句子, 规则同第一轮。获胜小组会得到一面红旗并在全班中挥舞以示胜利。

(3) 在重新抽签 (不含已参加过的小组) , 规则同2.

参考短语:sweep the floor, fight with others, eat in the dinning hall, eat in class, take mobilephones等, 可以自己自由发挥。

设计意图:由熟悉的结构引入新的结构, 并采用小组活动使每个学生能够参与其中熟练短语和句子结构, 达到开口说的目的, 有助于学生理解下一环节, 从而使新授课的内容达到高潮。

3. 被动语态:

(1) 定义 : 表示主语是动作的承受者 .

(2) 构成 : 助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词。助动词有人称、时态和数的变化。

(3) 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词。

(4) 用法:当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者, 或者只强调动作的承受者时, 要用被动语态。

4.复习过去分词的构成 :

(1) 规则变化

watch---watched practice---practiced

study---studied stop---stopped

(2) 不规则动词的过去分词:

am/is /are---been have/has---had

write---written do---done go---gone

5. 教学1a

(1) 教师明确任务要求, 给出一定的指导。强调重点词汇:teenager, choose, pierce。

(2) 让—位学 生大声朗 读1a中的句子。 确定学生理解了每个句子之后, 让学生发表自己的看法:agree or disagree。

(3) 在学生掌握了结构be allowed to的基础上, 进—步介绍带有主观态度的新结构:

should (not) be allowed to, 告诉学生这—结构增加了情感态度, 表示应该被允许和不应该被允许。

(4) 学生完成1a之后, 让不同的学生发表意见:agree or disagree. Why?

6. 投影展示练习

我会做:这个环节要求学生快速抢答做4个转换句子, 将allow sb.to do变成be allowed to do并用投影展示答案。

1.They should allow us to have part-time jobs.

____________________________.

2.We should allow children to spend time with their friends.

_____________________________________.

3.The teacher should allow Anna to finish thepicture.

_____________________________________.

Parents should allow children to choose theirown friends.

_____________________________________.

答案:

1. We should be allowed to have part-time jobs.

2. Children should be allowed to spend timewith their friends.

3. Anna should be allowed to finish the picture.

4. Children should be allowed to choose theirown friends.

设计意图:帮助学生理解la中的句子, 投影展示练习这个环节巩固了学生allow的用法。

7. 教学 Section A - lb, 2a, 2b

利用多媒体课件中的Section A - 1b, 2a , 2b进行听力练习。

(1) 认识新词汇:teenager, earring, get their earpierced, do homework with friends

do part-time jobs, too wild / young / silly …, not serious / calm / old…enough

(2) 教师先帮助学生明确要求, 并且给出—定的指导。

(3) 让学生朗读其中的句子, 问题。

(4) 播放录音, 核对答案。

设计意图:带着问题听录音能提高学生听的质量和信心。

8. 练习

用所给词的适当形式填空

The telephone _____ (invent) by Bell in 1876.

The trees may _____ (plant) in spring.

Teenagers should not _____ (allow) to drive.

English _____ (speak) in Canada.

Math must _____ (study) well.

答案:

was invented , be planted , be allowed , is spoken, be studied

设计意图:巩固本节课所学的被动语态。

(三) 步骤 3:巩固和拓展

1. 学生列出青少年应该被允许做的和不应该被允许做的事情, 列表之后进行 free talk。

设计意图:要求学生重点结合Section A -1c和Section A - 2c的内容进行小组活动, 以便能更自然, 更正确地使用所学的语言。

通过投影展示语言结构和交际中要用到的词组:

结构:should be allowed to, should not be allowed to

词组:too wild, too silly, too young, not serious enough, not old enough, not calm enough

设计意图:创设贴近学生实际情况的情境, 真实而富有趣味, 激发了学生的参与意识, 巩固了本课的新知。

(四) 步骤 4. 小结

1. 利用媒体资源中课件中的内容复习Grammar Focus.

2. 总结并回顾本节课所学到的重点知识。

(五) 步骤 5:作业

1. 用结构 be (not) allowed to do 列出课堂上介绍的—些事情;

2. 用 should, must, may 等情态动词各写出 5 个被动语态的句子。

(六) 步骤 6:板书设计

六、教学评价设计

(一) 评价内容

本节课通过展示练习, 巩固与拓展这两个环节, 如果全班80℅的学生能够按要求学习或完成句子, 那么就达到了预期的教学目的本课的教学难点即得到突破。这是评价本课是否成功的更重要的标准。

(二) 评价方法

小组活动汇报, 基本全体学生都能说出一个正确的句子即可符合标准;

九年级各单元英语作文 篇3

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面5个问题，每个问题后有3个答语，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后，你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个句子仅读一遍。

（）1. A. No, they aren’t.

B. Yes, they are.

C. Yes, they will.

（）2. A. In China.

B. In Australia.

C. In England.

（）3. A. To visit the zoo.

B. To study hard.

C. To give them more space.

（）4. A. Tigers.

B. flowers.

C. Planes.

（）5. A. The Bird Nest.

B. The Summer Palace.

C. The Palace Museum.

第二節（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

（）6. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Friends.

B. Classmates.

C. Strangers.

（）7. Where are they?

A. In a cinema.

B. In a zoo.

C. In a museum.

（）8. What does the man mean?

A. He’ll throw the bag away.

B. He’ll collect broken bags.

C. He disagrees with the woman.

（）9. What are they talking about？

A. Playing with toys.

B. Recycling.

C. Making cans and bottles.

（）10. Where are they?

A. In an aquarium.

B. In a restaurant.

C. In a park.

第三节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第11段材料，回答第11至第13题。

（）11. Why did the man buy lots of Chinese food？

A. He liked Chinese food very much.

B. His parents liked Chinese food a lot.

C. Chinese food was good and cheap.

（）12. How often does the man go back to his hometown？

A. Once four years.

B. Four times a year.

C. Twice four years.

（）13. What’s the weather like in the man’s hometown at thistimeof year?

A. It’s not hot in his hometown.

B. It rains a little.

C. It is hot and dry.

听第12段材料，回答第14至第16题。

（）14. Why did the man move to France last week？

A. To look for a job.

B. To visit places of interest.

C． On business．

（）15. When did the man travel to New York？

A. Last Saturday.

B. The day before yesterday.

C. Last night.

（）16. Where did the man have his dinner?

A. In France.

B. In Tokyo.

C. In Hong Kong.

听第13段材料，回答第17至第20题。

（）17. How did Jane hurt herself?

A. Maybe she fell down from the ladder.

B. She must be beaten by someone.

C. She wanted to kill herself.

（）18. What’s the matter with Jane？

A. She walks slowly.

B. She couldn’t run.

C. It’s difficult to walk.

（）19. Where is Jane now?

A. She is in hospital.

B. She is at home.

C. She is on her way to hospital.

（）20. What does the man worry about?

A. The picnic.

B. Her leg.

C. Her study.

听第14段材料，回答第21至第25题。

（）21. Why can’t birds fly high up in the sky？

A. It’s difficult for them to breathe.

B. They can’t fly easily in the thin air.

C. A and B.

（）22. When do many birds fly to a new place?

A. In winter and autumn.

B. In summer and autumn.

C. In autumn and spring.

（）23. How can’t birds get lost?

A. They fly near the ground.

B. They fly together.

C. They fly in the daytime.

（）24. What happens to the birds which fly low over the ocean?

A. The birds get hurt.

B. The birds get food.

C. The birds get lost.

（）25. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The birds fly near the ground to look for places they know.

B. The air in the high sky is too thin for birds to fly.

C. The birds are easy to get lost when they fly.

筆试部分（共95分）

Ⅱ. 选择填空（本题共15分，每小题1分，满分15分。）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

（）26. — When do you have the guitar class?

— I just have it ______ Sunday morning.

A. inB. on

C. atD. for

（）27. — Waiting for her made me ______.

— So did I. She always comes late.

A. angryB. happy

C. pleasedD. glad

（）28. — ______ you ever ______ to a concert?

— Yes, I have. I went to the National Day Concert last year.

A. Have; beenB. Have; gone

C. Have; comeD. Did; go

（）29. — What ______ people in Korea supposed to do when they first meet?

— They usually bow.

A. doB. have

C. areD. would

（）30. — What do you usually do in your sparetime?

— I usually ______ my friends’ homes.

A. come acrossB. pass by

C. drop byD. look at

（）31. — Manatees are ______ animals. There aren’t many of them in the world.

— What a pity!

A. interestingB. common

C. endangeredD. playful

（）32. — Seeing the national flag of China ______ me feel ______.

— I agree with you.

A. let; pride

B. makes; proud

C. keeps; confidence

D. have; tiny

（）33. — I am very sorry. I can ______ understand what you said.

— It doesn’t matter. I can say it again.

A. everB. hardly

C. hardD. always

（）34. — I visited the zoo last week and I couldn’tbelieve ______ I saw.

— What did you see?

A. thatB. what

C. whereD. which

（）35. — We should urge people ______ driving cars.

— Yeah. We should walk or ride a bike.

A. stopB. stopping

C. to stopD. stopped

（）36. — There ______ a lot of manatees, but now they are endangered.

— We are supposed to save them.

A. were usedB. used to be

C. used toD. used to being

（）37. — Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, ______?

— No, he couldn’t.

A. did heB. couldn’t he

C. can heD. could he

（）38. — Have you ever ______ Li Ming?

— Yes. He is clever and friendly to others.

A. heard ofB. heard from

C. hearD. hear for

（）39. — Last month Jack ______ an award at

school.

— Really?

A. winB. won

C. beatD. hit

（）40. — Which would you like, tea or coffee?

— ______ is OK.

A. EitherB. Both

C. NeitherD. None

Ⅲ. 完形填空(共25小題; 每小题1分，满分25分)

阅读下面两篇短文，掌握其大意，然后从41~65各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

A

One day a lawyer’s wife fell ill. The lawyer went to get a doctor. The doctor knew that the lawyer was well-known for not paying41 . So he said to the lawyer before he entered the house, “If I do cure your wife, I am afraid that you 42 not pay me.”

“Sir,” replied the lawyer, “Here is $500. No matter whether you cure my wife43kill her, I will give you all this.” The doctor believed him and went into the house. When he reachedthewoman’sbedside, itsoonbecame 44to him that he could do little. She was badly ill, and though he gave her some 45 , she soon died. He toldthelawyerhewasvery 46 , andasked for themoneywhich hehad 47 . “Did you kill my wife?” asked the lawyer.

“Of course I48 ,” said the doctor.

“Well! Did you cure my wife?” said the lawyer.

“I’m afraid that was 49,” said the doctor.

“Well then,” said the lawyer, “Since you neither killed her nor cured her, I have50to pay you.”

（）41. A. taxesB. bills

C. businessD. medicine

（）42. A. can B. must

C. shallD. may

（）43. A. but B. yet

C. orD. and

（）44. A. clean B. clear

C. fineD. easy

（）45. A. adviceB. food

C. medicineD. examination

（）46. A. terribleB. sorry

C. helpfulD. sad

（）47. A. given B. paid

C. promisedD. agreed

（）48. A. didn’t B. have

C. didD. haven’t

（）49. A. impossibleB. hard

C. difficultD. uneasy

（）50. A. something B. a bit

C. nothing D. a little

B

Life is not easy, so I’d like to say “When anything happens, believe in yourself”.

When I was 14, I was51nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often52me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, 53happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to54part in it. What a(n)55idea!

It meant I had to 56 in front of all the teachers and students of my school!

“Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to 57.” Then, Mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I 58 the topic “Believe in yourself ”. I tried my best to 59 all the words of the speech and practised it over 100 times. 60my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could 61believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the 62 fromthe teachers and students. Those 63who once looked down on me, then all said “Congratulations!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried64 .

65then, everything has changed for me. Whenever I do anything, I try to tell myself to be confident and I will believe in myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country.

九年级上册历史前四各单元知识点 篇4

第9课，文艺复兴运动

知识点一，思想解放运动

1.背景

(1)资本主义萌芽的产生：十四十五世纪，地中海沿岸和大西洋沿岸的某些城市，如意大利的威尼斯，佛罗伦萨和法国的，佛兰德尔等地，出现了分散手工工场和集中手工场，产生了资本主义萌芽。

(2)新兴资产阶级的形成：少数富裕的手工业者，通过扩大生产规模和细密的生产分工，演变为集中的手工工场主。他们与商人和金融家形成了新兴的资产阶级。

(3)资本主义性质的租地农场和农业工人的出现：从16世纪开始，各国农业生产发生了重大变化，原来庄园的管事或大一些的自耕农，从土地所有者——领主那里租来土地和其他生产资料，雇佣农民耕种，然后再根据契约和领主按一定比例分配全部产品，被雇来耕种的农民则成为农业工人。

(4)罗马教皇和天主教会阻碍了欧洲社会的进步和科学的发展：中古时期，罗马教皇和天主教会住在了欧洲人的生活，禁锢着人们的思想，扼杀了人性，阻碍了社会的进步和科学的发展，引起广泛的不满。

2.兴起

14世纪中叶至17世纪初，新兴资产阶级首先在意识形态领域里展开了反对教会精神统治的斗争，即“文艺复兴运动”。

3. 实质

文艺复兴运动是新兴资产阶级通过弘扬古代希腊罗马文化的方式，反对教会宣扬的陈腐说教而发起的一场崭新的，促使人民思想运动的文化运动。

4. 核心：人文主义

5. 扩展：从意大利开始的文艺复兴运动，持续了近300年，几乎蔓延到西欧所有国家，影响深远。

知识点二，但丁与神曲

1.但丁：文艺复兴的先驱

2.代表作：长诗《神曲》，包括《地狱》、《炼狱》和《天堂》三部分。

3.内容：《神曲》描写了人类战胜邪恶，到达人生真善美境界和实现理想社会的故事，抨击了封建教会的精神支柱——天主教会的各种罪恶，谴责了统治阶级的腐败和贪婪，赞美了现实生活，歌颂了自由的理性和求知的精神，具有人文主义色彩。

4.地位：被认为是欧洲开始从中世纪向近代社会过渡的标志。

知识点三，艺术大师——达·芬奇

1. 达·芬奇：意大利伟大的艺术大师，也是一位颇有成就的科学家和工程师，除了艺术外在数学、物理、生物、解剖、地理、工程和军事等多个领域都有较深的造诣，他的绘画技法精湛，创作了许多完美生动的人物形象，充分体现了人文主义精神。

2. 代表作：《最后的晚餐》、《蒙娜丽莎》

知识点四，文学巨匠莎士比亚

1. 莎士比亚：是文艺复兴时期英国最著名的文学家，他的作品代表了当时的文学最高成就，他的剧分为喜剧，悲剧和历史剧三大类。

2. 代表作品：四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》，《哈姆雷特》，《麦克白》

其他名剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《仲夏夜之梦》

3. 艺术特色：他的戏剧情节跌宕起伏，语言生动丰富，形象个性鲜明。

第10课，开辟新航路与殖民扩张

知识点一，哥伦布发现新大陆

1. 新航路开辟的原因

(1)经济根源：随着商品经济的发展，货币日益取代土地，成为社会财富的主要标志和普遍的交换手段。

(2)社会根源：西欧各国统治者和形成中的资产阶级，都渴望从东方获取黄金和白银等贵重金属及奢侈品，

(3)商路受阻：1453年，奥斯曼土耳其攻占君士坦丁堡，使传统的东西方商路受阻，商业贸易面临危机。西欧商人迫切希望开辟新的航路。

2. 新航路开辟的客观条件

(1)欧洲造船和航海技术取得长足进步

(2)中国和阿拉伯的罗盘针航海知识与地理知识在欧洲的传播，对欧洲人海外探险起了重要作用。

3. 地理大发现：从15世纪开始，欧洲各国相继开始了持续200多年的海外探险，寻找黄金和殖民扩张运动，西方人通称为“地理大发现”。

4. 哥伦布发现新大陆

(1)主要目的：寻找通往印度和中国的新航路。

(2)过程：在西班牙王室的支持下，于1492年8月3日，率领三艘帆船出发，向西横渡大西洋，开始探险航程，他先后到达巴哈马群岛，古巴海地等地，每到一个地方，哥伦布就宣布那里是西班牙王室的领地，发现新大陆却一直认为自己所到之地是东方的印度，称当地人为印第安人，加勒比海上的这些岛屿则被称为西印度群岛。

(3)结果：开辟了通往美洲的新航路。

知识点二，首次环球航行

1. 麦哲伦船队环球航行

1519-1522年，放西班牙国王之命，造牙航海家，麦哲伦率领五艘帆船和260多名水手，从西班牙的圣卢卡尔港起航，横渡大西洋，沿巴西海岸南下，到达美洲南部的海峡，此后，西行穿过海峡，进入太平洋，并到达菲律宾群岛，再向西穿过，印度洋，绕过好望角，返抵西班牙，完成了人类历史上第一次环球航行。

2. 新航路开辟的影响

(1)积极影响：增进了欧洲人对世界其他地区的了解，将世界各地联系起来，打破了以往世界各地相互隔绝和孤立发展的局面。

(2)消极影响：带来了殖民掠夺和殖民扩张以及侵略活动。

知识点三，血腥的殖民掠夺

1. 背景，随着新航路的开辟，一场持续了百年的殖民掠夺，殖民扩张和侵略活动开始。

2. 葡萄牙和西班牙的殖民掠夺

(1)葡萄牙和西班牙最早走上了殖民扩张之路

(2)葡萄牙的殖民掠夺，在非洲和亚洲占领一些沿岸地区和岛屿，建立了许多知名据点，还侵占了中国的澳门和南美的巴西。

(3)西班牙的殖民掠夺，占领西印度群岛，和北美洲南部的地方，主要占领了除巴西以外的中南美洲以及亚洲的菲律宾。

(4)结果：16世纪，西班牙和葡萄牙两国都成为殖民帝国。

3. 其他国家的殖民扩张与掠夺

随后英国，荷兰，法国也在世界各地进行了大规模的殖民扩张与掠夺。

知识点四，罪恶的奴隶贸易

1. 背景：美洲土著居民印第安人，因殖民者的杀戮和奴役，以及从欧洲带来的传染病的侵袭，人口和劳动力锐减。

2. 目的：从16世纪起，欧洲殖民者为补充和增加美洲殖民地的劳动力，开始从非洲向美洲贩运黑人。

3. 三角贸易：欧洲殖民者从本国出发，装载着盐、布匹等廉价工业品，到非洲高价出售，购买或换取奴隶，再把奴隶用船运到美洲，卖给种植园主，然后满载黄金白银和美洲特产返回。这一航线主要在欧洲西部，非洲的几内亚湾附近，美洲西印度群岛之间，大致构成三角形状，史称三角贸易。

八年级上新人教版各单元英语作文 篇5

The visit to the Great Wall My name is Xiaoming and I like traveling very much.Last summar, I went to the Great Wall with my family.It was fine that day.We went there by bus early in the morning.When we got there, there were many other visitors there.when my family and I went onto the Great Wall, we saw beautiful scenery(风景).We all were amazed(惊讶的)by how beautiful it was.We took quite a few photos there.We had a good time there.The time flew by, and soon we had to go back.I was tired after traveling, but I really enjoyed visiting the Great Wall!

Unit2 How often do you exercise? 你的生活和饮食习惯健康吗？请以“My Lifestyle”为题写一篇短文来介绍你的生活饮食习惯。词数：80左右。

My Lifestyle Let me tell you a little about my lifestyle.I often eat fruit and vegetables.Apples and oranges are my favorites.I love junk food, too, and I eat it three or four times a week.I sleep less than seven hours ever day.I often feel sleepy.I brush my teeth once a day.I run in the morning, and play ping-pong after school.In my free time, I enjoy surfing the Internet.On weekends, I often go to the movies with my friends.I think I’m kind of unhealthy.I shouldn’t eat too much junk food.I’ll try to have a balanced diet and sleep more.I should brush my teeth twice a day.I hope I can have a better lifestyle.Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister? 请以“My best friend”为题写一篇介绍你的朋友的短文。短文要运用课文所学的有关句式，把你的朋友和你的长相（包括身高、头发、眼睛等）、体格(包括强壮强度等)、性格(开朗、文静等)、学习情况等方面进行比较。词数80左右。

My best friend My best friend is Li Ming.We are in the same class.He is as old as me, but he is taller and stronger than me.Both of us have black eyes and black hair, but his hair is shorter than mine.As for hobbies, we have something in common in some ways.I like the friends who have the same hobbies with me.Both of us like sports.We often exercises together after school.But he is more outgoing and better at sports than me.Besides, collecting stamps is our same hobby, too.We often exchange our stamps with each other.About the learning, I think I’m a little smarter than him.Most of my subjects are better than his, so I often help him with his study.Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 谈谈你常看或最喜欢看的电视节目或电影，以及你的一些感想。词数：80左右。

My favorite TV program My favorite TV program is Animal World.It’s very interesting and exciting.There I learn a lot kinds of animals.Some people think some animals are dangerous.They may hurt us humans.We can kill them.I can’t stand the idea.Each animal has its reason to live on the earth.They are important for the world.They keep a balance.If somebody breaks it, we humans may not be able to live on the earth.Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.寒假即将来临，请根据以下提示写一篇短文，谈谈你的寒假计划。（1）好好休息和放松；（2）读书，因为读书既能开阔我的视野，还能学到很多知识；（3）陪父母聊天，帮他们做家务；（4）参加社会活动，认识更多的人。

要求：（1）词数：80左右；（2）可围绕主题作适当发挥。

参考词汇：knowledge知识

social activities 社会活动

My winter vacation The winter vacation is coming.I’m going to do what I want to do.First, I’m going to have a good rest and relax.I will read some good books.Reading books is useful because it can help me get more knowledge.It can open up my eyes to the world.Next, I’m going to spend more time talking with my parents.I will also try my best to help them do some housework.Then, I’m going to take part in social activities(社会活动)so that I can know more people.What do you think of my vacation? I hope you will have a happy winter vacation.Unit 7 Will people have robots? 以“The life in the future”为题写一篇文章，按下列提示完成。1.想象一下未来生活会是什么样子； 2.具体介绍一下未来的生活：很多事情都由电脑和机器人完成。例如：料理家务、购物、看病，孩子们通过网络把课堂搬到家里，人们可以活到200岁等；

3.为了未来的生活，我们现在应该努力学习，实现理想。80词左右。

The life in the future What do you think the life in the future will be like? Every family will have computers and robots.Computers will help us know a lot all over the world.Robots will help us do most of the housework.They can help us do some cleaning, cooking or washing.We can do some shopping and see a doctor without going out.Students can study at home on computers.People will live to be 200 years old because of the better medical care.Our life will be better and better.For this, we should study hard.I believe we’ll be able to do this.Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 根据所给材料和提示语，写一篇短文描述怎么制作牛肉三明治。Ingredients:2 pieces of bread;1 spoon of cheese;1 green pepper;1 onion;some mushrooms(蘑菇)；2 pieces of beef;2 spoons of relish 要求：80词左右

Do you know to make the beef sandwich? Now, let me tell you.First, put a spoon of cheese on a piece of bread.Then cut up a green pepper and an onion.Add these to the bread.Next, put some mushrooms and 2 pieces of beef on the bread.Put two spoons of relish on the beef.Finally, the other piece of bread on the top.Now you can enjoy it.It’s very delicious.Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 你是Mike,你去Marry 家，想问问她去不去参加你的生日聚会，但是她不在家，你给她留了便条。任务：请你用英语给Marry写一个50词左右的便条。内容包括：

1、明天是我的生日，你会参加我的生日聚会吗？聚会晚上6:30开始；

2、我的家人、朋友及同学都会来，你可以见到他们；

3、如果你来，就打电话给我，我希望你能来。Dear Marry, I’m Mike.Tomorrow is my birthday, I want to invite you to take part in my birthday, can you come tomorrow? The party will begin at half past six in the evening.My parents, friends and classmates will come, you can see them in the party.If you come to my birthday party, please make a phone call to me, I will be happy that you can come.Yours，Mike 你的好友Sonia过生日，你不能去，请写一封e-mail 说明理由，你有什么事要做（至少3件事），不能参加了，但你准备了一份精美的礼物。请注意电子邮件的格式。Dear Sonia, Thanks for your invitation.I’m sorry I can’t come to your party this week.I am really busy.This evening I’m going to my cousin’s birthday party.And tomorrow, I have to go to the dentist.On Wednesday, I have tennis training with the school team.And I have to study for my chemistry test on Thursday.On Friday evening, I’m going to the movies with some friends.Can you come to the movies with us on Friday? Write soon.Yours, Henry

Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.请以“If I have a lot of money”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。

九年级各单元英语作文 篇6

Li Ying ’S Hobby

Li Ying likes English very much.She works hard at it.She reads English every morning.She likes speaking English.She often listens to the radio.She watches TV only on Saturday evening.Does she like dancing? No, she doesn’t.But she likes drawing and singing.Her parents love her.And all the teachers and her friends like her, too.She says her hobbies make her happy.【要领点评】

这一篇写爱好的文章,小作者的写作思路很值得我们学习,他没有具体写到刘莹的某一种爱好,而是从学习到课余的多种爱好入手,对刘莹的各种爱好进行了粗线条地勾画.从“爱好”这个角度来看刘莹的话，我们会觉得这个形象很饱满。

小朋友们写这种“叙事写人”作文时，可以从两个角度下手：一是具体地描绘；二是和上面小朋友一样，粗线条地勾画，二者各有所长，另处在行文中使用一些问句，使用一些转述的话，可以使作文更有灵气，避免了平铺直叙的缺点。比如上文的“Does she like dancing? No, she doesn’t.”和“she says her hobbies make her happy.”就是十分不错的句子，使读者眼前为之一亮。Don’t be against the traffic rules

I go to school from Monday to Friday.I go to school by bike at 7:30 in the morning.I must cross two busy roads.If the traffic light is red or yellow,I know I can’t cross the road ,so I wait.If the light turns green, I know it means “Go”, and then I walk across the road.I always ride on the right side of the road.I am never against the traffic rules.【要领点评】

这篇作文的题目是“不要违反交通规则”，小作者没有说一些空话，而是从自己的经历写起，叙述自己以什么方式去上学，在上学的路上是怎么做的，很形象。

小朋友们在作文时注意不要图大，那样很容易使文章显得空洞，而要写自己身边熟悉的事情。要注意行文中字母的大小写、句子的标点符号等。I Love My Family

Here is a photo lf my family.These are four people in my family.They are my father, my mother, my brother and I.My father is a doctor.He works in a hospital far away.He goes to work by subway.My mother is a teacher.She works in a school near my home.She goes to work by bike.After work, they like reading books.Who is the tall boy? He is my brother.He is five years older than me.He is a singer.He’s now in Beijing.He goes there by plane.I love my family.【要领点评】 一个平凡的题材，一篇生动的作文。这样的命题，我们可能面对几次，甚至几十次了。但这位小朋友的笔端很是灵巧，了了数言，让一个幸福的家庭跃然纸上，很值得我们去思考，我们能做到吗？

小朋友的这篇作文除了语言优美之外，在结构上也有闪光之处。先总说，将自己的家人逐个介绍一遍，后分说，把家人的工作、上班方式，爱好一一细说。最后以一句话进行概括，起到点题的作用。我们在写类似的作文的时候是不是也可以借鉴呢？ How to get to the science museum

We are going to the science museum tomorrow.There is an old thing show in the Museum.Do you know how we can get to the science museum?

The science museum is next to the People’s Park.It’s isn’t far from our school.So we can go there on foot.Walk straight to the west from our school, next turn left at the post office and walk for about 5 minutes, then turn right at traffic lights.You can find the People’s Park on the right.Walk straight, and you’ll see the science museum.【要领点评】

这篇作文的题目是“怎样去科学博物馆”。怎样才算是一篇好作文呢？通过你的叙述，能让别人很容易找到博物馆，这应是最基本的要求。小作者在文中告诉我们什么呢？首先他写了去博物馆的位置，最后浓墨重彩，指明从学校去博物馆的具体路线，这条路线够清晰吧！

小朋友们在写这类作文的时候，总有些无从下手的感觉，不知从何说起。其实介绍路线，无非就是告诉他人某段路的起点和终点，还有就是如何从起点走到终点。要给他人说清楚，你自己首先得清楚，然后再通过自己的叙述，将路线清清楚楚得呈现出来。一定要注意行文中一些关键的地方，如在哪儿转弯，向哪儿转，经过哪些重要的交通标志或显眼的标志建筑等。这样，你就能说清，别人也能弄明白。Planting Trees

It’s spring.It’s time to plant trees.I want to plant a tree in our garden.Dad and Mum are very happy.They like green.Dad helps me plant the tree.First, we dig the soil.Then I put a little tree into the soil.Next I water it.I am so excited and I wait for the tree to grow.Two weeks later, my tree has some little leaves.I water it every day.Now it has lots of leaves.It grows fast.We should plant more trees.They make our world beautiful.【要领点评】

小作者写了一次植树的经历，但他并没有单纯拘泥于植树的过程。既有过程，也有感觉，能使文章打动读者，给人以启发。作文的最后一段就非常好，两句话胜似千言万语。我们可以学习一下这种写法。

既描述过程，又适时提自己的看法或想法的写法，在作文中叫做“夹叙夹议”,描述过程为了提出一种思想服务，提出看法或想法使原本平实的描述有了意义。我们在以后的写作中也可以试一试。Let’s have a nice day

It’s Sunday tomorrow.I’m going to the bookstore with my friends tomorrow morning.We are going to look for some good books.We all like reading books.We are going to eat our lunch at the restaurant.I like chicken, beef and vegetables.After lunch, we are going to the Summer Palace by bus.We are going to play near the Kunming Lake.Maybe we are going to row a boat on the lake.Wow, that will be relaxing.We are coming back at 5pm.【要领点评】

怎样才称得上是“美好的一天”？有两点不能忘记，一是安排得充实，二是安排得有意义。这两点小作者无疑都想到了，上午去书店看书买书，中午在饭店吃饭，下午去颐和园玩耍、划船，丰富多彩！文章以时间为线索，叙述清楚，文笔也很优美。

小朋友们在写这种叙事的文章时，要尽量给读者交代好时间、地点、人物和活动等，使文章有血有肉。要看好是写过去发生的事情，还是现在正在做的事情，或计划、打算要做的事情，以选

九年级各单元英语作文 篇7

1. To keep safe, everyone________ to wear a seat belt in the car.

A. is supposedB. supposes

C. supposedD. will suppose(2006年辽宁省)

2. In the United States, you’re not supposed________ with your hands.

A. to eatB. eating

C. eatsD. ate(2006年梧州市)

【考点透视】 be supposed to do sth 意为“被期望做……”､“应该做……”,其否定形式为 be not supposed to do sth,表示“不应该做……”的意思｡

3. —Sorry, I can’t work out this problem.

—Try again, please. It’s only________ difficult.

A. a bitB. a lot

C. veryD. much too(2005年黑龙江省)

4. I can’t buy the dress because I have just________ money.

A. littleB. a little

C. fewD. a few(2006年南通市)

5. ─How long will you stay here?

─I think I will be here for________ more days.

A. fewB. a few

C. littleD. a little(2006年武汉市课改卷)

6. 这件上衣有点旧,但你穿起来很好看｡

The coat is a________ old, but it________ nice on you.(2005年自贡市)

【考点透视】 a bit 意为“一点儿”,与 a little 的意思相同｡两者均可修饰形容词,作程度状语｡但 a little可用作形容词,直接修饰不可数名词,而 a bit 不能用作形容词,其后必须加 of 后,才可以接不可数名词｡ few 意为“没几个”,修饰或替代可数名词,表示否定意义; little 意为“没多少”,修饰或替代不可数名词,表示否定意义; a few 意为“有几个”,修饰或替代可数名词,表示肯定意义; a little 意为“有一点”,修饰或替代不可数名词,表示肯定意义｡

7.________ on real ice is very exciting.

A. SkateB. Skates

C. SkatedD. Skating(2005年岳阳市)

8. Flying kites in the open air are far more enjoyable than playing chess.

ABCD

(改错)(2005年南京市)

【考點透视】动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式｡动词原形､动词的过去式及过去分词都不能作主语,但动词不定式可以作主语｡

9. —Why did you go there________(没有) breakfast?

—I wanted to catch the early bus.(2005年南通市课改卷)

10. He got up very late. So he hurried to school w________breakfast.

(2005年宁波市)

11. Sam was in a hurry. He left home________ saying goodbye to us.

(2005年长春市)

【考点透视】 介词 without 意为“没有”,其后通常接名词或动名词(短语)作宾语｡

12. 除今天外,我哪天都有空｡

I’m free every day________________.(2005年天津市)

13. The two books are the same________[ik?謖sept] that this one has answers at the back.(2005年威海市)

【考点透视】 except 意为“除了……之外”,不包括其后的部分;而 besides 则是“除了……之外,(还有……)”的意思,包括其后的部分｡

14. The old engineer made a contribution to developing the________(西部的) part of China.(2005年大连市)

15. Ningbo is in the________(东部) of Zhejiang.(2005年宁波市)

16. Bijie is in the________(西北)of Guizhou.(2005年毕节市)

【考点透视】 方位词 east, west, north, south 一般用作名词,加上后缀 -ern后,构成形容词,用来修饰名词｡

17. —Who taught________ French?

—Nobody. She learned all by________.

A. herself; herB. she; herself

C. her; herselfD. her; she (2005年天津市)

18. —Our teacher wouldn’t give us the answers to the questions directly.

—Why not work them out all by________?

A. themselvesB. himself

C. ourselvesD. myself(2005年安徽省课改卷)

【考点透视】 by oneself 意为“独自地”,在句子中作状语｡

19. Kate felt________ when she saw the lovely dress in the clothes shop.

A. pleasedB. tiredC. well(2005年山西省)

【考点透视】 pleased 是形容词,意为“高兴的”､“满意的”,可用作定语和表语｡用作表语时,常表示人所处的状态,常见的结构为“(sb) be pleased with sb”或“(sb) be pleased at/about sth”｡ pleasant 也是形容词,意为“令人愉快的”､“舒适的”､“讨人喜欢的”,常表示事物的特性或人的外表､性情等｡

Key: 1. A2. A3. A4. A5. B6. little/bit, looks7. D8. B｡areis9. without10. without11. without12. except, today13. except14. western15. east16. northwest17. C18. C19. A

Unit 13

1. I don’t like rock music. It often________ me crazy.

A. letsB. makes

C. asksD. orders(2006年宁夏回族自治区)

2. Mr Lee told us an interesting story yesterday. It made all of us________.

A. laughB. to laugh

C. laughedD. laughing(2006年长春市)

【考点透视】 使役动词 make 后面常接形容词或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成“make+宾语+adj./do sth”结构｡

3. I would rather________(stay) at home than go shopping with you.

(2006年南京市)

【考点透视】 would rather 意为“宁愿……”,其后跟动词原形,其否定形式为 would rather not do sth｡

4. —I suppose we’ll go to plant trees next week.

—Terrific! Planting trees is a lot of fun. I’d like to________ you.

A. visitB. join

C. followD. meet(2006年江西省)

5. All of us joined in the sports meeting last Monday.(同义句转换)

All of us________________________ the sports meeting last Monday.

(2006年临沂市)

【考点透视】 join 意为“加入……”,常指加入某个组织,成为其中的一员,或加入到某人群中一起做某事; join in 意为“参加(活动等)”,与 take part in 同义｡

6. 很抱歉让你久等了｡

I’m sorry________________________________ for a long time.(2006年北京市)

7. Your classroom is so dirty. Everyone should keep it________.

A. dryB. open

C. cleanD. quiet(2006年重庆市)

【考点透视】 keep 意为“使……”､“保持……”,其后一般接形容词或动词的-ing形式,表示“让……一直保持某种状态”,或“让……一直干某事”的意思｡

8. —The windows are broken and need to be repaired.

—I think so. They can hardly________ the cold now.

A. keep outB. give out

C. take outD. put out(2006年武汉市)

【考点透视】注意不同动词与副词 out 搭配构成的短语动词在意义上的区别: keep out 意为“使……留在外面”､“使……不进入”; give out 意为“分发”､“发放”; take out 意为“取出”,“拿出”､“把……带出去”; put out 意为“伸出”､“使熄灭”｡

9. —This book________ educating teenagers. Would you like to buy it?

—Yes, I’ll take it.

A. aims atB. depends on

C. gives outD. sets up(2006年漳州市)

【考点透视】 本题考查几个短语动词的词义辨析?押 aim at 意为“瞄准”､“针对”; depend on 意为“依靠”; give out 意为“分发”; set up 意为“建立”｡应根据句意来确定答案｡

10. I sit in the front of the classroom________ I can hear clearly.

A. so thatB. whenC. in order(2006年青海省)

11. The dog rushed to the nearest village________ it could get someone to help his dying owner there.

A. whereB. which

C. thatD. so that(2006年山东省)

【考点透视】 so that 引导的目的状语从句中一般带有情态动词(如 may, might, can, could 等),意为“以便……”｡

12. —Well, let’s go to visit the amusement park this Saturday.

—That________ great.

A. feelsB. looksC. sounds(2006年成都市)

13. The idea to eat in KFC________ wonderful.

A. tastesB. sounds

C. smellsD. looks(2006年莆田市)

【考点透视】 连系动词之后常跟形容词作表语｡注意以下几个连系动词的词义辨析: sound 意为 “听起来”; smell 意为“闻起来”; look 意为“看上去”; taste 意为“尝起来”; feel 意为“摸起来”｡

14. Teenagers have all kinds of dreams.________, some students would like to go to the moon some day.

A. After allB. At once

C. In factD. For example(2006年長春市)

15. 吉姆喜爱各种体育运动,比如足球､篮球｡

Jim loves all kinds of sports,________________ football and basketball.

(2006年兰州市)

【考点透视】 “例如”在英语中可用 for instance/for example 或 such as 来表示｡ for instance/for example 一般只用来列举同类人或物当中的一个,是插入语,前后常用逗号分开,并且后面常跟一段表述,可位于句首､句中和句尾; such as 用来列举人或事物中的一个或几个,它只能列举其中的一部分,不能全部列出,其后一般是单个的名词或代词,不能接一段表述,也不能用逗号与后面的部分隔开｡